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Zootaxa, a New Species of Dactyloid Anole (SQUAMATA: IGUANIDAE)

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Zootaxa, a New Species of Dactyloid Anole (SQUAMATA: IGUANIDAE) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215450787 A new species of dactyloid anole (SQUAMATA: IGUANIDAE) from the western Andes of Ecuador Article in Zootaxa · August 2010 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2577.1.2 CITATIONS READS 7 184 2 authors: Fernando Ayala Julián A. Velasco Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 26 PUBLICATIONS 99 CITATIONS 49 PUBLICATIONS 164 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: The herpetofauna of northwestern South America View project Planes de Conservación SIRAP-EC View project All content following this page was uploaded by Julián A. Velasco on 27 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 2577: 46–56 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new species of dactyloid anole (SQUAMATA: IGUANIDAE) from the western Andes of Ecuador FERNANDO P. AYALA-VARELA1 & JULIÁN ANDRÉS VELASCO2,3,4 1Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apdo. 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] 2Grupo de Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Apartado Aéreo 25360, Colombia 3Present address: Wildlife Conservation Society, Colombia Program, Calle 4A #35A-57, Cali, Colombia.E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract We describe a new species of Anolis from the western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador, Provincias Cotopaxi and Pichincha. The new species fits into (1) the aequatorialis species group by being of moderate to large size with narrow toe lamellae and (2) the eulaemus subgroup by having a typical Anolis digit, in which the distal lamellae of phalanx II distinctly overlap the proximal scales of phalanx I. The new species is most similar to A. gemmosus O’Shaughnessy but differs from it by features like the presence of a dark coppery brown stripe on the sides of the head (stripe absent in A. gemmosus), females with dark brown dorsal chevrons extending to the flanks (chevrons absent in A. gemmosus), male dewlap white with green scales (male dewlap greenish-yellow with green scales in A. gemmosus), dewlap with wide scale rows of three to six scales per row (narrow scale rows of 2−3 scales per row in A. gemmosus), and interparietal scale (if present) surrounded by relatively enlarged flat scales (interparietal surrounded by small swollen scales in A. gemmosus). These two species occur in sympatry in the Reserva de Bosque Integral Otonga, Provincia Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Key words: Andes of Ecuador, Anolis, lizards, morphology, Otonga, systematics Resumen Una especie nueva de Anolis es descrita de la cordillera occidental de Los Andes en Ecuador, específicamente en las Provincias de Cotopaxi y Pichincha. La especie nueva pertenece (1) al grupo-aequatorialis por tener lamelas angostas en individuos de tamaño moderado a grande y (2) al subgrupo-eulaemus por tener un digito típico de Anolis, donde la lamela distal de la falange II sobrelapa las escamas proximales de la falange I. La especie nueva es similar a A. gemmosus O’Shaughnessy pero se diferencia por tener una franja café cobrizo oscuro a cada lado de la cabeza (franja ausente en A. gemmosus); hembras con marcas dorsales café oscuro extendiéndose hasta los flancos (marcas ausentes en A. gemmosus); pliegue gular blanco con escamas verdes en machos (pliegue gular amarillo verdoso con escamas verdes en machos de A. gemmosus); pliegue gular con filas anchas de escamas, cada fila conformada por 3−6 escamas (filas angostas de escamas, conformada de 2−3 escamas por filas en A. gemmosus); interparietal cuando esta presente rodeada por escamas planas relativamente agrandadas (rodeada por escamas protuberantes pequeñas en A. gemmosus). Estas dos especies habitan en simpatría en la Reserva de Bosque Integral Otonga, provincia Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Introduction Southamerican Anolis lizards are one of these groups poorly studied and sampled and recent fieldwork has allowed discovered new species and increase distributional records (Poe & Yañez-Miranda 2008; Poe et al. 2009). In South America Anolis lizards are represented by two large clades –the putative Dactyloa (sensu Guyer & Savage 1986) and the monophyletic Norops (Nicholson 2002). Dactyloa is the most basal clade 46 Accepted by S. Carranza: 26 Jul. 2010; published: 26 Aug. 2010 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. inside Anolis radiation (Losos 2009; Poe 2004) and are composed by several species group defined by external traits. The Anolis aequatorialis group (Williams 1976a) is one of these groups and is known only from northwestern South America in Colombia and Ecuador. Within of aequatorialis group, Williams and Duellman (1984) recognized two subgroups based on digital condition of the phalanges. The eulaemus subgroup, characterized by toepads that overlap the first phalange and the aequatorialis subgroup, which has non-overlapping toepads (see Williams 1963). The eulaemus subgroup has seven species currently recognized with Andean distributions in both Colombia and Ecuador: Anolis antioquiae, A. eulaemus, A. fitchi, A. gemmosus, A. maculigula, A. megalopithecus and A. ventrimaculatus. Herein we describe a new species of Anolis from of eulaemus subgroup of the Anolis aequatorialis group of alpha anoles (Etheridge 1959). This new form is known only from Ecuador. Morphologically, it is closest to A. gemmosus that occur on the Andes of Ecuador. During revisionary work on anoles of Ecuador and Colombia, we examined many specimens initially assigned to A. gemmosus that were collected in the Reserva de Bosque Integral Otonga in Ecuador. We found that the color pattern of these specimens differed dramatically from typical A. gemmosus, as previously reported by Fitch et al. (1976) or Williams & Duellman (1984). Detailed examination of these specimens revealed other differences in squamation and color pattern indicative of species status. Material and methods The present description is based on material housed in the herpetological collections of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ), Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genéve, Switzerland (MHNG), Colección Zoológica de la Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia (PSO CZ) and Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador (QCAZ). We examined material of Anolis gemmosus from the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, and of Anolis aequatorialis Werner (see below; Appendix 1). External character terminology follows Williams et al. (1995). Osteological characters are based on Etheridge (1959) and Poe (1998, 2004) with some modifications (see Velasco 2007); these characters were examined in two cleared-and-double stained adult specimens (QCAZ 2052 male and QCAZ 3872 female) of the new species described here. Scale counts were made on the left side if applicable. Fourteen morphological measurements were taken with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm: head length, head width, head height, forelimb length, hindlimb length, snout-vent length (SVL), snout length, ear opening maximum length, interparietal length, jaw length, interorbital distance, axilla-groin distance, dewlap length and dewlap height. In addition, tail length was measured with a ruler to the nearest 1 mm. Regenerated or broken tails were not measured. Sex was determined by the presence versus absence of everted hemipenes and size of dewlap. Egg volume was calculated using the formula for the prolate spheroid: V = 4/3 x π (length/2) x (width/2)2 Twelve measurements were recorded for multivariate analyses (PCA): head length, head width, head height, forelimb length, hindlimb length, snout-vent length, jaw length, interorbital distance, ear opening maximum length, axilla-groin distance, internasal distance, and snout length. Principal components (PCs) were extracted from a covariance matrix of the raw and rescaled data. To determine whether separation in morphological space between two species was statistically significant, we run a Wilk’s lambda test. We used SPSS Statistics 17 (SPSS Inc. 2008) for PCA analyses and PAST (Hammer et al. 2001) for Wilk’s lambda test. The distribution map was prepared in ArcMap 9.3 (ESRI, Inc.); WGS84 is the datum for all coordinates presented below. Anolis otongae, sp. nov. Figures 1, 2. Holotype. QCAZ 2051, adult male, Ecuador, Provincia Cotopaxi, Cantón Sigchos, Reserva de Bosque Integral Otonga, near San Francisco de Las Pampas, 0º25'8.04"S, 79º0'14.04"W, 2000−2200 m, 30 August 1993, collected by Néstor Acosta, Paola Ramón, César Tapia and Luis A. Coloma. A NEW DACTYLOID ANOLE SPECIES FROM ECUADOR Zootaxa 2577 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 47 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Paratypes. (18, all from Ecuador). QCAZ 1696, Provincia Cotopaxi, Peñas Coloradas, 20 April 1992, Giovanni Onore; QCAZ 1721, same locality data as holotype, 2 April 1994, Daniela Andrade; QCAZ
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