Currency and Coin Shipments
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Frequently Asked Questions Coins and Notes July 2020
Frequently Asked Questions Coins and Notes July 2020 A. Currency Issuance 1. Under what authority does the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) issue currency? The BSP is the sole government institution mandated by law to issue notes and coins for circulation in the Philippines. In Particular, Section 50 of Republic Act (R.A) No. 7653, otherwise known as The New Central Bank Act, as amended by Republic Act No. 11211, stipulates that the BSP shall have the sole power and authority to issue currency within the territory of the Philippines. It also issues legal tender commemorative notes and coins. 2. How does the BSP determine the volume/value of notes and coins to be issued annually? The annual volume/value of currency to be issue is projected based on currency demand that is estimated from a set of economic indicators which generally measure the country’s economic activity. Other variables considered in estimating currency order include: required currency reserves, unfit notes for replacement, and beginning inventory balance. The total amount of banknotes and coins that the BSP may issue should not exceed the total assets of the BSP. 3. How is currency issued to the public? Based on forecast of currency demand, denominational order of banknotes and coins is submitted to the Currency Production Sub-Sector (CPSS) for production of banknotes and coins. The CPSS delivers new BSP banknotes and coins to the Cash Department (CD) and the Regional Operations Sub-Sector (ROSS). In turn, CD services withdrawals of notes and coins of banks in the regions through its 22 Regional Offices/Branches. -
Ancient Greek Coins
Ancient Greek Coins Notes for teachers • Dolphin shaped coins. Late 6th to 5th century BC. These coins were minted in Olbia on the Black Sea coast of Ukraine. From the 8th century BC Greek cities began establishing colonies around the coast of the Black Sea. The mixture of Greek and native currencies resulted in a curious variety of monetary forms including these bronze dolphin shaped items of currency. • Silver stater. Aegina c 485 – 480 BC This coin shows a turtle symbolising the naval strength of Aegina and a punch mark In Athens a stater was valued at a tetradrachm (4 drachms) • Silver staterAspendus c 380 BC This shows wrestlers on one side and part of a horse and star on the other. The inscription gives the name of a city in Pamphylian. • Small silver half drachm. Heracles wearing a lionskin is shown on the obverse and Zeus seated, holding eagle and sceptre on the reverse. • Silver tetradrachm. Athens 450 – 400 BC. This coin design was very poular and shows the goddess Athena in a helmet and has her sacred bird the Owl and an olive sprig on the reverse. Coin values The Greeks didn’t write a value on their coins. Value was determined by the material the coins were made of and by weight. A gold coin was worth more than a silver coin which was worth more than a bronze one. A heavy coin would buy more than a light one. 12 chalkoi = 1 Obol 6 obols = 1 drachm 100 drachma = 1 mina 60 minas = 1 talent An unskilled worker, like someone who unloaded boats or dug ditches in Athens, would be paid about two obols a day. -
Ated in Specific Areas of Spain and Measures to Control The
No L 352/ 112 Official Journal of the European Communities 31 . 12. 94 COMMISSION DECISION of 21 December 1994 derogating from prohibitions relating to African swine fever for certain areas in Spain and repealing Council Decision 89/21/EEC (94/887/EC) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, contamination or recontamination of pig holdings situ ated in specific areas of Spain and measures to control the movement of pigs and pigmeat from special areas ; like Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European wise it is necessary to recognize the measures put in place Community, by the Spanish authorities ; Having regard to Council Directive 64/432/EEC of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra Community trade in bovine animals and swine (') as last Whereas it is the objective within the eradication amended by Directive 94/42/EC (2) ; and in particular programme adopted by Commission Decision 94/879/EC Article 9a thereof, of 21 December 1994 approving the programme for the eradication and surveillance of African swine fever presented by Spain and fixing the level of the Commu Having regard to Council Directive 72/461 /EEC of 12 nity financial contribution (9) to eliminate African swine December 1972 on animal health problems affecting fever from the remaining infected areas of Spain ; intra-Community trade in fresh meat (3) as last amended by Directive 92/ 1 18/EEC (4) and in particular Article 8a thereof, Whereas a semi-extensive pig husbandry system is used in certain parts of Spain and named 'montanera' ; whereas -
GAO-14-110, Highlights, U.S. CURRENCY: Coin Inventory
October 2013 U.S. CURRENCY Coin Inventory Management Needs Better Performance Information Highlights of GAO-14-110, a report to congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Efficiently managing the circulating In 2009, the Federal Reserve centralized coin management across the 12 coin inventory helps ensure that Reserve Banks, established national inventory targets to track and measure the enough coins are available to meet coin inventory, and in 2011 established a contract with armored carriers that public demand while avoiding store Reserve Bank coins in their facilities. However, according to Federal unnecessary production and storage Reserve data, from 2008 to 2012, total annual Reserve Bank coin management costs. The Federal Reserve fulfills the costs increased by 69 percent and at individual Reserve Banks increased at coin demand of the nation’s depository rates ranging from 36 percent to 116 percent. The Federal Reserve’s current institutions (e.g., commercial banks strategic plan calls for using financial resources efficiently and effectively and and credit unions) by managing monitoring costs to improve cost-effectiveness. However, the agency does not Reserve Bank inventory and ordering monitor coin management costs by each Reserve Bank—instead focusing on new coins from the U.S. Mint. GAO was asked to review this approach. combined national coin and note costs—thus missing potential opportunities to This report examines (1) how the improve the cost-effectiveness of coin-related operations across Reserve Banks. Federal Reserve manages the circulating coin inventory and the In managing the circulating coin inventory, the Federal Reserve followed two of related costs, (2) the extent to which five key practices GAO identified and partially followed three. -
Ticket Vending Machine: ACE – Revo
ALIEN CHARGING ELECTRONICS SRL J5/1310/30.05.2018, CUI RO39421250 str. Ioan Cantacuzino nr 32, jud. Bihor, Romania Tel: 0259 440 030 [email protected] Ticket Vending Machine: ACE – Revo - Coin reader -Performant banknote reader, resistant to temperatures of -25 +70 degrees Celsius with secure banknote box -Java/Linux operating system, remotely programmable from dispatch or on-premises using a mobile Smartphone application -Powered by 230v Electrical network EXTRA OPTIONS -GPRS Communication module + monthly Dispatching subscription -Coin Rest Module -Banknote change module -Credit Card payment module (Swipe, CIP & Contactless) -RFID Card Payment module – with subscription funds -Electronic Locking System *The product guarantee shall be 12 months from the date of delivery. *Hardware and software specialty technical support FROM ALIEN CHARGING ELECTRONICS team S.R.L. At no extra cost. *Transport and mounting costs are Zero *Since we are a manufacturing company, we can suit our products according to customer requirements. www.alienmobility.com ALIEN CHARGING ELECTRONICS SRL J5/1310/30.05.2018, CUI RO39421250 str. Ioan Cantacuzino nr 32, jud. Bihor, Romania Tel: 0259 440 030 [email protected] Features Screen: LCD, Monochrome Display – Metal Housing 4x20, resistant to vandalism, protection - steel, aluminium, stainless steel of solar rays, external factors; - Electrostatic field painted, anti-graffiti Weight: Up to 90 kg (depending on the Weather resistant installed internal components); and acts of vandalism proof Power: -
MONEY, MARKETS, and DEMOCRACY
MONEY, MARKETS, and DEMOCRACY POLITICALLY SKEWED FINANCIAL MARKETS and HOW TO FIX THEM GEORGE BRAGUES Money, Markets, and Democracy George Bragues Money, Markets, and Democracy Politically Skewed Financial Markets and How to Fix Them George Bragues University of Guelph-Humber Toronto , Ontario , Canada ISBN 978-1-137-56939-4 ISBN 978-1-137-56940-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-56940-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955852 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Regulation, Supervision and Oversight of “Global Stablecoin” Arrangements
Regulation, Supervision and Oversight of “Global Stablecoin” Arrangements Final Report and High-Level Recommendations 13 October 2020 The Financial Stability Board (FSB) coordinates at the international level the work of national financial authorities and international standard-setting bodies in order to develop and promote the implementation of effective regulatory, supervisory and other financial sector policies. Its mandate is set out in the FSB Charter, which governs the policymaking and related activities of the FSB. These activities, including any decisions reached in their context, shall not be binding or give rise to any legal rights or obligations. Contact the Financial Stability Board Sign up for e-mail alerts: www.fsb.org/emailalert Follow the FSB on Twitter: @FinStbBoard E-mail the FSB at: [email protected] Copyright © 2020 Financial Stability Board. Please refer to the terms and conditions Table of Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 1 Glossary .................................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 7 1. Characteristics of global stablecoins ................................................................................ 9 1.1. Stabilisation mechanism ....................................................................................... -
The Weight of a Libra: Are Stablecoins a New Challenge for External Statistics Compilers?1
IFC Conference on external statistics "Bridging measurement challenges and analytical needs of external statistics: evolution or revolution?", co-organised with the Bank of Portugal (BoP) and the European Central Bank (ECB) 17-18 February 2020, Lisbon, Portugal The weight of a Libra: are stablecoins a new challenge for external statistics compilers?1 Alessandro Croce, Marco Langiulli and Giuseppina Marocchi, Bank of Italy 1 This presentation was prepared for the meeting. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the BIS, IFC, BoP, ECB or the central banks and other institutions represented at the meeting. 1/1 The weight of a “Libra”: are stablecoins a new challenge for external statistics compilers? Alessandro Croce, Marco Langiulli and Giuseppina Marocchi1 Abstract In June 2019, Facebook released a White paper, providing details about a new digital asset called Libra, to be launched in the first half of 2020. Libra is conceived as a low volatility digital coin (stablecoin), fully backed by a reserve of liquid assets and managed by an independent organization. Other Big-Tech companies could follow suit with similar initiatives, eventually reshaping the financial sector: given their (alleged) capacity to preserve value over time and the reputation of their proponents, these coins could rise as global payment instruments as well as novel reserves of value. Regardless of any technical details and contingent regulatory requirements, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate and highlight the impacts of such instruments on external statistics compilation. After a brief digression on digital assets’ features and classification, the potential effects on a few Balance of Payments’ items are discussed: workers’ remittances, digital trading and financial account. -
Medios De Comunicación De Málaga
MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN DE MÁLAGA EMPRESA Medio Dirección e-mail 20 Minutos Diario Calle Salitre, 1, 5º. Edificio Fórum. 29002 Málaga [email protected] ABC Diario Calle Sierra del Co, 16, bloque 1, Bajo AB. 29016 (Málaga) [email protected] ADN Diario C/ Martínez, 11, 2º 29005 Málaga [email protected] Antena 3 Televisión C/ Peregrino, 3 - 1º 29002 MÁLAGA [email protected] Aula Magna Revista Calle Martínez Campos, 12, 1º C. 29001 Málaga [email protected] Canal Coín Radio Radio Plaza de la Villa. Edificio Alfares 1, 1ª plta. 29100 Coín (Málaga) [email protected] Canal Málaga TV Televisión Avda. Dr. Marañón, 48 29009 MÁLAGA [email protected] Canal Sur Televisión Avda. Velázquez, 307. 29004 Málaga [email protected] Canal Sur Radio Avda. Velázquez, 307. 29004 Málaga [email protected] Cope Radio Calle Pasaje Linaje, 2. Alameda de Colón. 29001 Málaga [email protected] Diario Málaga Diario Avda. García Morato, 20 - 29004 Málaga (ESPAÑA) [email protected] El Correo Málaga Diario Avda. Doctor Manuel Domínguez, 6, Edificio Bulevar 2, 29010 Málaga [email protected] El Mundo Diario Calle Compositor Lhemberg Ruiz, 10. 1ª planta. 29007 Málaga [email protected] El Noticiero Diario Avda. Federico García Lorca, 1, Arroyo de la Miel, Benalmádena - Málaga [email protected] El País Diario Calle Doctor Manuel Domínguez, 6. 29010 Málaga [email protected] Expansión Diario Calle Alcalde Joaquín Quiles, 29, 2º A2. 29014 Málaga [email protected] Korpa Press Agencia Edificio N, Apto. 113, Portal 4 29600 Puerto Banús, Marbella (Málaga) [email protected] La Opinión de Málaga Diario Calle Granada, 42. -
Pricing Free Bank Notesଝ
Journal of Monetary Economics 44 (1999) 33}64 Pricing free bank notesଝ Gary Gorton* Department of Finance, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Suite 2300, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 4 February 1991; received in revised form 20 June 1995; accepted 5 February 1999 Abstract During the pre-Civil War period, US banks issued distinct private monies, called bank notes. A bank note is a perpetual, risky, non-interest-bearing, debt claim with the right to redeem on demand at par in specie. This paper investigates the pricing of this private money taking into account the enormous changes in technology during the period, namely, the introduction and rapid di!usion of the railroad. A contingent claims pricing model for bank notes is proposed and tested using monthly bank note prices for all banks in North America together with indices of the durations and costs of trips back to issuing banks constructed from pre-Civil War travelers' guides. Evidence is produced that market participants properly priced the risks inherent in these securities, suggesting that wildcat banking was not common because of market discipline. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classixcation: G21 Keywords: Bank notes ଝThe comments and suggestions of the Penn Macro Lunch Group, participants at the NBER Meeting on Credit Market Imperfections and Economic Activity, the NBER Meeting on Macroeco- nomic History, and participants at seminars at Ohio State, Yale, London School of Economics and London Business School were greatly appreciated. The research assistance of Sung-ho Ahn, Chip Bayers, Eileen Brenan, Lalit Das, Molly Dooher, Henry Kahwaty, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Charles Chao Lim, Robin Pal, Gary Stein, and Peter Winkelman was greatly appreciated. -
A Global Overview of Regulatory Requirements in Asia Pacific, Europe, the Uae and the Us
STABLECOINS: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN ASIA PACIFIC, EUROPE, THE UAE AND THE US SEPTEMBER 2019 STABLECOINS: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN ASIA PACIFIC, EUROPE, THE UAE AND THE US Facebook’s proposed stablecoin, Libra, is dominating the headlines. However, growing interest means increased regulatory and political scrutiny around the globe. As digital assets transcend national borders, what does this mean for those interested in issuing or participating in a stablecoin project? What are the regulatory questions and other challenges that need to be considered? We take a look at the global picture in this comprehensive analysis. What is a stablecoin? arrangements – including the role of the issuer or promoter – can vary. A stablecoin is a type of virtual currency or cryptocurrency1 for which mechanisms This article, originally produced as a are established to minimize price chapter in the Global Legal Insights fluctuations and ‘stabilize’ its value. publication ‘Blockchain and Historically, stablecoins have been used Cryptocurrency Regulation 2020’, to pay for purchases of other virtual describes some of the key legal and currencies (e.g., Bitcoin) on regulatory issues raised by the various cryptocurrency exchanges that did not forms of stablecoins internationally, with a accept cash, and as a safe-haven asset focus on collateralized stablecoins. These during periods when other virtual issues are receiving greater scrutiny in currencies experienced significant price leading international financial markets, declines. Companies like Facebook, with particularly following the announcement of its recently proposed Libra stablecoin, are Facebook’s Libra project. betting that they can overcome the regulatory and political challenges to Collateralized by fiat currency achieve widespread adoption and change Stablecoins collateralized by fiat how people make cross-border currencies have predominantly taken one remittances and payments for consumer of two main forms to date: either with (1) goods and services. -
Benalmadena a SIGHTS: Colomares Castle, and (Left), It’S Not All the Pueblo About
www.theolivepress.es the olive press - November 13 - November 27 201321 1 ll about Benalmadena A SIGHTS: Colomares Castle, and (left), It’s not all the Pueblo about T is not every day you meet a man who owns his own castle – yet Car- los Martin, owner of Castillo de Colomares, is just one of the many lying on Isurprises awaiting visitors to Benal- madena. The castle, sitting on the side of a windy road on the way up to Benal- madena Pueblo from the coast, came as something of a shock. Built in 1994 by Martin’s dad - a gy- the beach necologist named Dr Esteban Martin Martin - it was constructed using four Liam Kirkaldy scales the heights to find the real different architectural styles and is meant as a slightly bizarre tribute to Benalmadena, which is full of many layers and Christopher Columbus’ discovery of America. some genuine surprises This quirky stop off aside, continuing the walk uphill into Benalmadena’s old town - or Pueblo - gave me my first glimpse of the Costa del Sol town’s cha- otic beauty. Built on the side of a steep hill, and at points actually on cliffs, Benalmade- na’s pueblo cascades down from the jutting Sierra de Mijas towards the sea. The traditional Andaluz-style white- washed buildings which compose the pueblo are dazzling – literally so when they meet the November sun – and it is easy to spend a morning getting lost in the intersecting courtyards and al- leyways. Its cobbled streets and plazas seem to jostle for space, while competing to outdo each other in terms of grandeur and charm.