Six Pitt Faculty Receive NSF Awards Awards Fund Junior Faculty Members’ Emerging Research
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INSIDE Assessing impact of full-day kindergarten.... 2 Emergency preparedness drills set......................... 2 PittNewspaper of the University of PittsburghChronicle Volume IX • Number 21 • July 21, 2008 Six Pitt Faculty Receive NSF Awards Awards fund junior faculty members’ emerging research Tracy Cui Di Gao Rebecca Hwa Alexandros Labrinidis Lisa Weiland Jun Yang By Morgan Kelly cells for therapeutic use for neurological from such specialized domains as busi- Communities powered by clean, local- diseases and injuries. Her research involves ness e-mails or scientific literature as well would specify preferences in three catego- source energy. Faster, more reliable tech- creating a surface of electroactive polymers as texts that are automatically translated ries of quality: Quality of Service, Quality nologies and computers with a better grasp on which neural stem cells can be directed from foreign languages. Specifically, Hwa of Data, and Quality of Information. of human language. Medical care tailored to become functional neurons. This technol- will create machine-learning algorithms The user-centric Web portal would then to your DNA, or neural stem cells readily ogy would allow scientists to answer the that find correspondences between “stan- display the Web pages most in keeping with available for treating neurological diseases predominant questions regarding neural dard English” and texts from specialized the person’s preferences. Labrinidis’ project and injuries. stem cell growth and neural tissue regenera- domains. re-examines traditional query processing Six University of Pittsburgh faculty tion, namely, whether stem cells can become The project focuses on three types of techniques and introduces a new tier of members will advance the futures of functional cells on an engineered surface correspondences: direct translations, such interaction wherein the processor adapts energy, health, and tech- and, if so, under what as bilingual documents; loose translations, to the user’s changing preferences over nology as part of Faculty circumstances. e.g., paraphrased articles; and indirectly time. Labrinidis will conduct user studies Early Career Develop- As of July 7, Pitt was related texts without an explicit translation. to validate the QA framework, evaluate the ment (CAREER) awards Di Gao’s research From these correspondences, a standard proposed algorithms analytically and exper- they received this year among only 19 universi- could help usher in the system will be adapted to translate texts in imentally, and develop prototypes. Results from the National Science much-heralded future specialized domains. Better language pro- of this research—including software, data, Foundation. The awards ties to receive six or of personalized medi- cessing for a wide range of texts could allow and publications—will be made publicly fund junior faculty mem- cal care based on an for such computer applications as intelligent available via the project Web site db.cs.pitt. bers’ emerging careers more of the 420 CAREER individual’s DNA, with tutoring programs and data mining for edu/user-centric. Labrinidis is codirector of and include an education awards granted since his effort to revamp the medical documents. Pitt’s Advanced Data Management Tech- component that encour- technique for screen- nologies Laboratory (ADMT Lab), which ages outreach to women October 2007. Matching ing and separating The need for personalization is expected encompasses a range of projects from data and underrepresented DNA molecules. Gao’s to increase dramatically as the Internet management for sensor networks to data- populations. Pitt with six awards are approach would stretch becomes more widespread and its users— stream management systems and from sci- Four recipients teach DNA strands tethered and content—more diverse. Accordingly, entific data management to Web databases. in Pitt’s Swanson School Penn State, Texas A&M to a solid surface via an Alexandros Labrinidis aims to create a The ADMT Lab was established in 1995 of Engineering: Tracy electric field, allowing user-centric Web portal wherein people can through an NSF CAREER award presented Cui, an assistant profes- University System, the them to be pulled from tailor their search results. Labrinidis will to ADMT codirector Panos Chrysanthis, a sor in the Department University of Massachu- the surface and ana- first identify quality information from Web Pitt professor of computer science. of Bioengineering; Di lyzed based on their data sources; then—through a framework Gao, an assistant profes- setts, the University of viscoelasticity. This called Quality Agreements (QA)—a person Continued on page 2 sor in the Department of method would over- Chemical and Petroleum Missouri, the University come the limitations Engineering; Lisa Wei- of the predominant MAKinG the SWeep land, an assistant profes- of Washington, the Uni- method of electro- sor in the Department of phoreses—submerg- Mechanical Engineering versity of Delaware, and ing the strands in a and Materials Science; Virginia Tech. matrix and applying and Jun Yang, an assistant an electric field. By professor in the Depart- stretching the DNA, ment of Electrical and c h r o m o s o m e - s i z e Computer Engineering. DNA molecules can be Assistant professors separated and studied, Rebecca Hwa and Alexandros Labrinidis, large fragments can be screened for muta- both in the Department of Computer Sci- tions, and longer sequence fragments can ence in Pitt’s School of Arts and Sciences, be extracted. The technique might also be also received awards. applied to RNA. The education component As of July 7, Pitt was among only 19 of Gao’s project includes outreach to under- universities to receive six or more of the represented high school students through a 420 CAREER awards granted since Octo- related course and workshop at Baldwin and ber 2007. Matching Pitt with six awards Westinghouse high schools in Pittsburgh, are Penn State, Texas A&M University both of which have large African Ameri- System, the University of Massachusetts, can student populations, and collaboration the University of Missouri, the University with Tsinghua University in China on an of Washington, the University of Delaware, international field study module for Pitt and Virginia Tech. The University of Illinois undergraduates that focuses on international at Urbana-Champaign tops the list with 18 views of the ethical and social issues of JOE KAPELEWSKI/CIDDE genetic research. awards. Pitt Chancellor Mark A. Nordenberg (foreground, right) and Pittsburgh Mayor Luke Ravenstahl (left) toured Oakland A description of each Pitt recipient’s research follows. Rebecca Hwa aims to improve the ability of July 15, looking for building code violations and inspecting recently renovated properties during the third-annual Central Oakland computers to process and translate human “sweep.” They were accompanied by building inspectors, Oakland community activists, and members of the news media. The code Tracy Cui is developing a platform for better language. She will address the difficulty sweeps began in the spring of 2006 to encourage Oakland landlords to keep their properties safe and clean for the approximately understanding how to harvest neural stem many systems have in processing texts 20,000 university students residing in the neighborhood. 2 • Pitt Chronicle • July 21, 2008 Academic Benefits of Full-Day Kindergarten Six Pitt Faculty Receive NSF Awards Continued from page 1 Are Short-Term, Pitt Study Finds Lisa Weiland will undertake a twofold power without becoming too delicate. The effort to help sustainable energy gain a foot- education component of her project includes hold in Western Pennsylvania by implement- working with civic and business leaders in ing self-powered materials into an ongoing Vandergrift—and eventually other cities— project to power the town of Vandergrift in to develop tailored plans for becoming more Westmoreland County with hydrokinetic efficient producers and consumers of energy power. The Vandergrift project, based in and goods. the Swanson School’s Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation, will harness the As technologies become more compact Kiskiminetas River and help power the and powerful, the microprocessors within town’s main business district with free, them become more prone to overheating, clean-source electricity using microhydro leading to poor performance, reduced reli- generators. Because the river—and thus the ability, and shorter lifetimes. Jun Yang will generator—is small, Weiland will investi- investigate ways of controlling temperature gate a potential power-harvesting method by proactively scheduling workloads among based on electromechanical materials that different processing cores—which perform would generate power as the river’s current specific tasks within a processor—of today’s moves over them. Weiland will focus on, multicore processors. Current processors among other things, materials known as adopt a reactive temperature control by ionomers, which have been tested for such decreasing power flow within the entire uses as self-powered sensors in bridges processor—even if only one core overheats. and for monitoring blood flow in patients Yang’s technique instead prevents overheat- at risk for arterial blockage; as the sensors ing by swapping a high-stress task in an move from vibrations or fluid flow, they overheating core with a low-stress task from would simultaneously send out an electric a cooler core. This approach would dimin- data