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33_583484 bindex.qxd 4/28/05 3:25 PM Page 349 Index algebra, 22, 257 Einstein’s letter to • A • allowed orbits, 245 Roosevelt, 10, 270, Alpha Centauri (star), 145 286–287 Aarau Cantonal School, 2 25, 26, 338 alpha decay, 339 E=mc equation and, 10, 13, Abbot, Edwin (author), 295 alpha particles, 237–240, 43–44 absolute motion, 39–40, 273, 339 Little Boy, 285 42–43, 128–130 alpha ray, 237, 271, 339 use in World War II, 44, 287 absolute spacetime, 224 amber, 82–83 atomic clock, 182, 214–217, absolute zero temperature, Ampère, André Marie 220–221 70, 74–75 (physicist), 92 atoms acceleration Ampère-Maxwell law, 95–96 Bernoulli’s use in due to gravity, 113, 169 Ampère’s law, 92 calculating gas equivalence with gravity, Andromeda (galaxy), 146 properties, 234 169 Annalen der Physik (journal), Bohr model of, 245–246, 257 mass and, 150 38, 41, 176, 188 composition, 154–156 Newton’s second law of Annual Review of Radio- Democritus and, motion and, 63 activity and Electronics 53, 231–232 special theory of relativity (journal), 163 elements and, 234–235 and, 143–144 anthropomorphism, 324 light emission from, 152 thought experiment, antigravity, 208, 304–305 mechanics, 257 168–169 Archimedes (Greek nuclear forces, 154–155, time and, 181–182 scientist), 53 272–273, 282–284, universe expansion, 307 Aristarchus (Greek philoso- 317–318 action and reaction, law of, pher/scientist), 50, 51 number in salt grain, 234 63, 64 Aristotle (Greek philoso- plum pudding analogy, Adams, John (scientist), 82 pher/scientist), 236–237 Advanced Camera for 50, 57, 232 probing with alpha Surveys, 148, 307 arrow of time, 70, 76–78 particles, 237–240 aging, general theory of art, appreciation by Rutherford’s nuclear model relativity and, 181–185 Einstein, 11 of, 240–241 air drag, 166, 170 Aspect, Alain (physicist), 267 size, 241 Albert Einstein, A COPYRIGHTEDastigmatism, 109 MATERIALspectra of, 256–257 Biographical Portrait astronaut training, 167 superatoms, 255 (Anton Reiser), 336 astronomy visualizing with scanning Albert Einstein: Creator and ancient Greeks and, 50–52 tunneling microscope, Rebel (Banesh Hoffman Babylonians and, 50 232–233 and Helen Dukas), 337 Copernicus and, 54 Australian National Albert Einstein, the Human Galileo Galilei and, 60 University, 306 Side (Banesh Hoffman Kepler and, 54–56 Avenarius, Richard and Helen Dukas), 337 atomic bomb (philosopher), 326 Alder, Frederich (scientist), chain reactions, 281–282 Avogadro, Amadeo 158–159 critical mass, 284 (physicist), 232 Avogadro’s number, 45, 232 33_583484 bindex.qxd 4/28/05 3:25 PM Page 350 350 Einstein For Dummies Hawking-Thorne wager, Brookhaven National • B • 201 Laboratory, 316 Baade, Walter hunting for, 199 Brown, Robert (physicist), 195 journey into, 204–205 (botanist), 232 Babylonians, 50 properties, 201–205 Brownian motion, 41, 45, 78 barium, 278 quasars, 198 Bulletin of the Atomic Becquerel, Henri (scientist), radiation from, 203–204 Scientists, 288 236, 271, 338 rotating, 197 buoyancy, principle of, 53 Bekenstein, Jacob roundness of, 202 Burger, Dionys (physicist), 74 Schwarzschild radius, (mathematician), 295 Bell, Jocelyn 192–194 (astronomer), 198 worm holes connecting, 342 • C • Bell, John (physicist), 266 Black Holes and Time Warps Bell’s inequality, 266 (Kip Thorne), 201 calculus, 22–23, 62, 65 Bennett, Charles Blinov, Boris (scientist), 268 calendar, Babylonian, 50 (scientist), 268 Bohr, Niels (physicist) Caltech, 195–196, 198, 201, Bernoulli, Daniel arguments concerning 204, 206 (mathematician), 234 reality, 325 Cambridge University, Bernstein, Aaron (Popular atomic model, 245–246, 257 198, 201 Books on Natural attitude toward Einstein, 9 Cannon, Robert Science), 21 Copenhagen interpretation (scientist), 222 Bessel, Friedrich of quantum physics, 266 Carnegie Institution, 305 (astronomer), 51 Heisenberg and, 255 Carter, Brandon Besso, Michelangelo liquid drop as model for (physicist), 197 (Michele) (friend of heavy nucleus, 278–279 Casimir effect, 209, 312 Einstein), 131, 291 response to Einstein’s EPR Casimir, Hendrik (physicist), beta decay, 274–275, 316 argument, 266 209, 312 beta particle, 339 uncertainty principle Cassini, Jean-Dominique beta ray, 237, 271, 274, 339 and, 264 (astronomer), 98–99 Betelgeuse (star), 129 Boltzmann, Ludwig cathode ray tube (CRT), Bethe, Hans (physicist), 288 (physicist), 77 235–236 binary system, 306 Born, Max (physicist), cathode rays, 236 binding energy, of the 255, 257, 259, 260 Cavendish laboratory nucleus, 156 Bose, Saryendra (physicist), (Cambridge, biological processes, speed 79, 254 England), 236 of, 142–143 Bose-Einstein condensate, Cepheid stars, 300 black body, 339 79, 255 CERN (European Particle black dwarf, 200, 339 Bose-Einstein statistics, Physics Laboratory), black holes 254 213–214, 317, 318 dark stars, 191–192 Boyle, Robert (scientist), 234 cesium, atomic clock, 182 definition, 187, 339 Boyle’s law, 234 chain reactions, 281–282 Einstein’s skepticism about, Brahe, Tycho (astronomer), Chandrasekhar limit, 306 187, 194–195 54–55 Chandrasekhar, entropy, 74 brain, examination of Subrahmanyan escape velocity and, Einstein’s, 7–8 (physicist), 195 190–192 Braun, K. (scientist), 225 charge, electric, 84–89 event horizon, 202, 205, 340 A Brief History of Time Charon (moon of Pluto), 145 general theory of relativity (Stephen Hawking), 201 Chavan, Louis (student of and, 190–194 Einstein), 160 33_583484 bindex.qxd 4/28/05 3:25 PM Page 351 Index 351 classical physics, Newton’s introduction of by Einstein, dilating time, 137–138, 140, creation of, 61 16, 295, 301, 303 194, 214–215, 217 Clausius, Rudolf revival of, 303, 307 Dirac, Paul (physicist), (scientist), 242 Coulomb, Charles Augustin 90, 187, 260, 311 clock de (scientist), 86, 87 Discourses and Mathematical atomic, 182, 214–217, covariance, principle of, 176 Demonstrations 220–221 critical density, 310 Concerning Two New Galileo’s wine bottle, critical mass, 284–285 Sciences Pertaining to 58, 113 critical size, star, 191, 192 Mechanics and Local satellite, 220–221 Critique of Pure Reason Motion. See The Two New CMB (Cosmic Microwave (Immanuel Kant), 21, 326 Sciences (Galileo Galilei) Background), 309 crow’s nest, dropping ball disorder, 73–74 coherent beams, from, 114 Doppler effect 108, 125, 339 CRT (cathode ray tube), black holes and, 205 coincidence of an event, 176 235–236 definition, 340 CoKu Tau 4 (star), 145 Curie, Marie (scientist), 174, expanding universe collapsing stars, 195–196 236, 271, 338 and, 298 collisions of objects, 151 Curie, Pierre (scientist), 236, general theory of relativity color 271, 338 and, 183, 193 from hot objects, 38–39, curved spacetime, 177–178, Drude, Paul 241–244 180, 197, 222–228, 294 electromagnetism and, 32 Newton’s theory of colors, curved surfaces, geometry Physics of the Ether, 32 62, 104–106 of, 174 theory of metals, 233 Columbia University, 173 Cygnus X-1 (black hole), du Fay, Charles (scientist), 83 compass, 19, 90–91 199, 201 Dukas, Helen (secretary to concept, 326 Einstein) Conference on Science, Albert Einstein: Creator and Philosophy, and Religion • D • Rebel, 337 (1940), 323 Dalton, John (scientist), Albert Einstein, the Human conservation laws, 203, 339 53, 231, 235 Side, 337 conservation of energy, dark energy, 309, 310, as secretary, 337, 338 70–72, 151, 339 311, 313, 314 Contact (movie), 207 dark matter, 305–306, Copenhagen interpretation of 310, 339 •E • quantum physics, 266 dark star, 191–192 Earth Copernicus, Nicolaus de Broglie, Louis (scientist), geocentric model of (astronomer), 54 254, 259 universe, 50, 51–52 Cornell, Eric A. de Sitter, Willem gravitational force of, 171 (scientist), 255 (astronomer), 296 movement through corpuscles, Newton’s, Democritus (Greek philoso- ether, 119 190–192 pher), 53, 231–232 rotation of, 50, 51, 54 Cosmic Microwave Descartes, René eclipse, solar, 178–179 Background (CMB), 309 (philosopher/ Eddington, Arthur cosmic rays, 141 mathematician), 150 (astronomer), 15, cosmological constant determinism, 324, 325 178–179, 185, 296 antigravity and, 304–305 deuterium, 285 education, of Einstein dark energy, 309, 311, Dicke, Robert (scientist), 170 in algebra and calculus, 313, 314 diffraction, 108, 340 22–23 Friedmann’s removal of, 296 college, 27–35 33_583484 bindex.qxd 4/28/05 3:25 PM Page 352 352 Einstein For Dummies education, of Einstein Einstein, Maja (Maria) electrodynamics of moving (continued) (sister of Albert) bodies, 41 description, 8 birth, 17, 329, 331 electromagnetic elementary school, childhood, 18 radiation, 275 19–20, 322 closeness to Albert, 18, 31 electromagnetic wave in geometry, 21 death, 332 light, 100, 102 in Greek, 20 education, 31, 158, 331 movement through PhD dissertation, 41, 45 music, 11, 19 space, 96 in physics, 27 writings about Albert, speed of waves, 100–103 rejected thesis, 233 18, 20, 155, 156, 332 thermal radiation as, 242 religious, 22, 322, 323 Einstein, Margot wavelength, 103 secondary school, (stepdaughter of Albert), electromagnetism 20–21, 322 331, 337 absolute motion and, 40 self-taught, 22–23 Einstein, Mileva. See Maric, Ampère’s law, 92 senior thesis, 34–35 Mileva compass, 19 Swiss Cantonal school in Einstein, Pauline (mother of current production, Aarau, 25, 26 Albert) 92–94 teachers, relationships birth of Albert, 7, 329 Einstein’s reformulation of, with, 20–21, 31, 38 death, 331 43, 129 Einstein, Albert The Meaning disapproval of Mileva, Einstein’s study of, 32 of Relativity, 301 36, 330 Hertz and, 100–103 Einstein: An Intimate Study of education of Albert, inconsistency with a Great Man (Dimitri 19, 20, 23 mechanics, 126–130 Marianoff), 337 marriage,

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