World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations

World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations Anthony M. Szema Editor 123 World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations Anthony M. Szema Editor World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Multi-Organ System Manifestations Editor Anthony M. Szema Department of Occupational Medicine, Columbia University Child and Adolescent Epidemiology, and Prevention Psychiatric Epidemiology Group Northwell Health CDC NIOSH U01 0H011308 “9/11 Trauma Manhasset, NY and Toxicity in Childhood: Longitudinal USA Health and Behavioral Outcomes” New York, NY Stony Brook University Department of USA Technology and Society College of Engineering and Applied Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Sciences Hofstra University Stony Brook, NY Hempstead, NY USA USA RDS2 Solutions Department of Medicine, Division Stony Brook, NY of Pulmonary and Critical Care USA Northwell Health Manhasset, NY Three Village Allergy & Asthma, PLLC USA Stony Brook, NY USA Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology Northwell Health Manhasset, NY USA ISBN 978-3-319-59371-5 ISBN 978-3-319-59372-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-59372-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017951648 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, occurring at the World Trade Center in New York City; at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia; and in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, led to profound changes in American society. Changes in the security of air travel, expansion of the role of government in homeland security, and an increase in civil society anti-terrorism protections are the most apparent changes to most people. But to those brave women and men who responded to the 9/11 terrorist attacks from all over the USA, and from several foreign countries, and to those survivors (adults and children) who lived nearby the sites which were attacked, they have personally experienced another, more personally troubling change—a decline in their own health. Since September 11, 2001, a group of healthcare professionals—physicians, nurses, psychologists, and social workers—have provided care for responders and survivors whose health was affected by 9/11. While providing care, these healthcare providers worked hard to understand the medical basis for the signs and symptoms they were seeing in responders and survivors. A significant body of medical science has been generated by these selfless healers in leading scientific publications. Many of these healthcare providers have now authored chapters on the most pervasive physical and mental health conditions seen in 9/11 responders and survivors in a new medical textbook. As 9/11 medical science grows, more will become known about the long-term effects of the September 11, 2001, attacks on the health of responders and survivors. For now, though, this textbook represents a pioneering effort to bring knowledge about 9/11 health effects to a wider audience of healthcare providers. As more and more 9/11 responders and survivors are now living in every part of the USA, they are likely to present to a healthcare provider who will be grateful for the knowledge contained in this valuable textbook. John Howard, MD Administrator, World Trade Center Health Program, Washington, DC, USA v Acknowledgment I thank Margaret Moore, Editor, Clinical Medicine, Springer, for the opportunity to edit and contribute to the first edition of the Textbook of World Trade Center Pulmonary Diseases and Associated Multi-Organ System Manifestations. Rahul Kumar Sharma, Project Coordinator (Books), and his Springer Nature staff also deserve kudos for making the editing process smooth. All of our authors are pioneers in the field studying the health consequences of World Trade Center exposure, so this book not only provides the latest scientific and clinical advances but also establishes a historical blueprint for future academicians to study. Finally, I thank the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) director Dr. John Howard for his foreword and support of this project from its incipient stages. vii Contents The Influence of the WTC Programs on Research �� 1 Jacqueline Moline, Leigh Wilson, and Francine R. Smith Long-Term PTSD and Comorbidity with Depression Among World Trade Center Responders �� 21 Evelyn J. Bromet, Roman Kotov, and Benjamin J. Luft Interstitial Pulmonary Disease After Exposure at the World Trade Center Disaster Site �� 31 Jaime Szeinuk Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms in the World Trade Center (WTC) Survivor Program, a Treatment Program for Community Members �� 47 Caralee Caplan-Shaw and Joan Reibman Asthma in Children from New York City’s Chinatown Post-9/11 �� 63 Anthony M. Szema Cancer Risk Post 9/11 �� 81 Elizabeth Ward World Trade Center Asthma �� 95 Alpa G. Desai and Gwen S. Skloot World Trade Center Dust: Composition and Spatial-Temporal Considerations for Health �� 107 Marc Kostrubiak ix x Contents The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Exposed to 9/11: Lessons Learned and Still to be Learned �� 121 Talya Greene, Raz Gross, Lawrence Amsel, and Christina W. Hoven World Trade Center Related Health Among NYC Firefighters and EMS Workers �� 137 Jennifer Yip, Mayris P. Webber, Rachel Zeig-Owens, Madeline Vossbrinck, Ankura Singh, Theresa Schwartz, and David J. Prezant Index �� 155 About the Author Anthony M. Szema, a member of the Columbia University Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, studies lung and immune function among children exposed to the World Trade Center disaster. Szema coined the term World Trade Center Mind Body Lung Injury which describes the dual injury of toxicity and trauma from 9/11. He and colleagues are also beginning a birth cohort epi- genetics study among children born on 9/11 in Lower Manhattan. His Editor’s Choice paper published in the JACI was the first to describe extremely high rates of new-onset asthma in New York City’s Chinatown after September 11, 2001. Szema’s related work focuses on Iraq and Afghanistan War Lung Injury which is an analo- gous toxic multifactorial inhalational exposure. Dr. Szema has coinvented a medica- tion which attenuates dust-induced lung injury in animal models and has a seed start-up company which won the Startupalooza in New York City in 2016. xi Contributors Lawrence Amsel Clinical Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA Evelyn J. Bromet Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Caralee Caplan-Shaw Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center/NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Alpa G. Desai Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, HSC 17-040, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Talya Greene Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Raz Gross Division of Psychiatry, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Christina W. Hoven Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University-NYSPI, New York, NY, USA Department of Child Psychiatric Epidemiology,

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