DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ecology of Wisdom

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ecology of Wisdom Table of Contents T itle Page Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Section 1: - PLACES IN THE REAL WORLD An Example of a Place: Tvergastein THE GLOBAL PLACE-CORROSIVE PROCESS GEOGRAPHY FLOWERS ANIMALS GENESIS OF A PLACE-PERSON HUMAN LIFE AT TVERGASTEIN CLIMBING TVERGASTEIN AMATEUR RESEARCH Modesty and the Conquest of Mountains Avalanches as Social Constructions The World of Concrete Contents THE NEITHER-NOR AND THE BOTH-AND ANSWERS REJECTION OF ABSOLUTIST DING AN SICH CONCEPTIONS SECONDARY AND TERTIARY QUALITIES AND THE THEORY OF PROJECTION THE SUBJECT-OBJECT DISTINCTION AND THE THEORY OF DUPLICATION SPONTANEOUS EXPERIENCE WITHOUT SUBJECT-OBJECT CLEAVAGE:ABSTRACT STRUCTURES FROM ETHICS TO ONTOLOGY AND FROM ONTOLOGY TO ETHICS APPEARANCE AND REALITY: PERSPECTIVISM GESTALT ONTOLOGY AND THE DEEP ECOLOGY MOVEMENT Self-Realization: An Ecological Approach to Being in the World Section 2: - THE LONG-RANGE DEEP ECOLOGY MOVEMENT The Three Great Movements POSTSCRIPT 1993 The Basics of the Deep Ecology Movement A GLOBAL APRON DIAGRAM EXPLAINED FURTHER ELABORATION AND EXAMPLES Cultural Diversity and the Deep Ecology Movement THE NEW CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY DEPTH OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES The Place of Joy in a World of Fact THE LIFE STYLE OF ENVIRONMENTALISTS JOY ACCORDING TO “PESSIMISTIC” PHILOSOPHERS SPINOZA ON JOY THE PHILOSOPHICAL PREMISES OF ENVIRONMENTALISM Beautiful Action: Its Function in the Ecological Crisis Lifestyle Trends Within the Deep Ecology Movement Section 3: - METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEMS Reflections on Total Views HOW FAR CAN I EXTEND THE AREA OF MY OWN IGNORANCE? EXPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL OR TOTAL FRAMES: HIGHER-ORDER SKEPTICISM DOES EXPLICATION OF A FRAME OF REFERENCE INVOLVE THE INTRODUCTION OF ANOTHER? OUR PRECONSCIOUS TOTAL VIEW: A FICTION? PARADOXES OF TOTAL VIEWS THE GENESIS OF THE BELIEF IN THE POSSIBILITY OF TOTAL VIEWS The Limited Neutrality of Typologies of Systems INTRODUCTION REALLY EXISTING AND IDENTIFIABLE OBJECTS NEUTRAL SEMANTICS AS A TOOL IN SYSTEMS THEORY MODERATELY COMPREHENSIVE, MODERATELY PRECISE METATHEORY SYSTEMS: ABSOLUTELY OR RELATIVELY TRUE—OR SIMPLY TRUE? REALITY AS A DIRECTIVE IDEA: THERE IS ONLY ONE REALITY THE VALIDITY OF COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMS The Methodology of Normative Systems HARD AND SOFT METHODOLOGY “NORMS”AND “HYPOTHESES” DIAGRAM SHOWING TOP LEVELS OF A VERSION OF SYSTEMATIZATION 1 OF ECOSOPHYT LOWER NORMS IN THE SENSE OF DERIVED NORMS THE USE OF VAGUENESS AND AMBIGUITY TO ACHIEVE MULTIPLE INTERPRETABILITY FUNCTION OF ONE-WORD SENTENCES AND OTHER PRIMITIVE UTTERANCES: “NO EXPLOITATION!” SOME INTERPRETATIONS OF SELF-REALIZATION SUMMARIZING OBSERVATIONS ON SYSTEMATIZATION NORMATIVE SYSTEMS: THEIR ROLE IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT THE ROLE OF ARGUING FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES IN TECHNOCRACIES PREPONDERANCE OF NON-NORMATIVES IN A NORMATIVE SYSTEM ULTIMATE NORMS: THE EQUAL RIGHT TO LIVE AND BLOSSOM DE PRINCIPIIS EST DISPUTANDUM TEAMWORK AND ACTION RESEARCH Pluralism in Cultural Anthropology The Principle of Intensity Creativity and Gestalt Thinking Gestalt Thinking and Buddhism IMPERMANENCE ANATMAVDA AND SELF-REALIZATION EVERYTHING MAY BECOME BUDDHA SELVES AS PROCESSES TRANSCENDING SUBJECT-OBJECT DUALISM THINGS IN THEMSELVES AND VALUES IN THEMSELVES: “ALL THINGS HAVE VALUE” Section 4: - NONVIOLENCE AND GANDHI, SPINOZA AND WHOLENESS Nonmilitary Defense THE INADEQUACY OF MILITARY DEFENSE NONMILITARY DEFENSE COMMITMENT TO FREEDOM INTERNATIONAL SERVICE AREAS OF SERVICES IMPROVING OUR OWN SOCIETY NONMILITARY RESISTANCE TECHNIQUES OF RESISTANCE RESEARCH CONCLUSION Gandhian Nonviolent Verbal Communication: The Necessity of Training FIRST PRINCIPLE: AVOID EVASION! SECOND PRINCIPLE: AVOID TENDENTIOUS RENDERINGS OF OTHER PEOPLE’S VIEWS! THIRD PRINCIPLE: AVOID TENDENTIOUS AMBIGUITY! FOURTH PRINCIPLE: AVOID TENDENTIOUS ARGUMENT FROM ALLEGED IMPLICATION! FIFTH PRINCIPLE : AVOID TENDENTIOUS FIRSTHAND REPORTS! SIXTH PRINCIPLE: AVOID TENDENTIOUS USE OF CONTEXTS! APPLICATIONS OF NONVIOLENT VERBAL COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE ECOLOGY MOVEMENT Spinoza and the Deep Ecology Movement Through Spinoza to Mahayana Buddhism, or Through Mahayana Buddhism to Spinoza? SPINOZA BETWEEN EAST AND WEST FREEDOM, FREEDOM, ADEQUATE COGNITION, AND INTERNALITY EQUANIMITY OR TRANQUILITY? THE COMPLEXITY OF INTUITION INTERNALITY IMPLIED BY ABSOLUTENESS: TOTALITY AND PART GRADUAL APPROACH NECESSARY IN LIFE ABSOLUTE FREEDOM THROUGH COGNITION ONLY OF OUR OWN MIND; CLOSENESS OF MIND TO GOD ENLIGHTENMENT HAPPENS IN TIME, BUT DOES NOT DEVELOP OUT OF NONFREEDOM WIDE AND NARROW CONCEPTS OF GRADING SPINOZA’S WAY AND BUDDHIST MEDITATION CONCLUDING REMARKS Freedom, Self, and Activeness, According to Spinoza Section 5: - PROBLEMS AND WAYS FORWARD Industrial Society, Postmodernity, and Ecological Sustainability THE HUMAN CONDITION DISRESPECT OF ONE’S OWN NONINDUSTRIAL CULTURES WESTERN BELIEF THAT WE PROJECT PERSONAL TRAITS ONTO NATURAL OBJECTS WESTERN SCHOOLS AND EUROPEAN UNITY OUR WAY IS BACK TO SUSTAINABILITY, NOT TO OLD FORMS OF SOCIETY Sustainability! The Integral Approach Population Reduction: An Ecosophical View THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION IN RICH COUNTRIES: ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES Deep Ecology for the Twenty-Second Century POSTSCRIPT Notes Bibliography Copyright Page Preface Arne Naess is a mountaineer, a Gandhian boxer, a professor, an activist, and a student of life’s philosophy. You may never have heard of Arne Naess, or you may be his devoted student. You may never have heard the phrase long-range deep ecology movement, but you might be a supporter of the movement and are awakening to your intuition of deep ecology. Wherever you are coming from, as a reader, you will discover mountains of inspiration in the Ecology of Wisdom. Arne Naess does not see himself as an academic philosopher. He considers himself a teacher who attempts to inspire his students to articulate their own ecosophy. Ecosophy is derived from the word ecology, “the study of interrelationships,” and sophia, “wisdom.” Literally, this collection of some of Arne’s essays is intended to inspire diverse ecosophies among readers with the intent of actualizing self-realization and cross-cultural understanding. The essays included in this book engage readers in some of the most important aspects of Arne’s approach to life’s philosophy. These aspects are especially relevant during the early decades of the twenty-first century, an era of globalization of economy and accelerating cultural transformation. The reader can begin reading this anthology at any essay or any section in the book. The essays are not presented in chronological order but in thematic gestalts. The editors have grouped essays in sections that seem appropriate to explore various aspects of Arne’s whole approach to life’s philosophy. Readers who want more in- depth access to Arne’s lifework are referred to the ten-volume series, The Selected Works of Arne Naess (SWAN). This anthology begins with an exploration of Arne’s life and work by Alan Drengson. This essay explores how Arne developed and articulated his own life philosophy grounded in a place. Arne’s life is used as one possible model, among many, that readers can use to develop their own ecosophies. Pluralism and diversity are key words to understanding Naess’s approach to living in an ecologically responsible way in harmony with nature. The essays in Section 1, “Places in the Real World,” convey Arne’s views on the importance of place in grounding the expression of our ecosophies. Arne’s special place was Tvergastein. In this place in the mountains of Norway, he explored his own life’s philosophy. At Tvergastein, he learned lessons of modesty, the real interrelationships of humans in nature, and articulated self-realization as a general principle for life’s philosophy. But this leads us to ask, “What is this self to be realized?” When we explore the nature of the self, we find that what we are is interdependent with our relationships and places. To know ourselves deeply is something only each of us can achieve through our own personal inquiry. Since we and everything we know are always changing, our inquiries become part of daily life. We never stop learning and creatively adapting to our changing life circumstances. Thus we become lifelong learners. Section 2, “The Long-Range Deep Ecology Movement,” includes some of Arne’s thoughts on the relationships of the three great movements—peace, social justice, and ecological sustainability. These essays emphasize the importance of diversity, cooperation, and beautiful actions, with the high quality of a joyful life based on nonviolence and low consumption. Section 3, “Methodology and Systems,” focuses on Arne’s approach to total views, methodology, pluralism, intensity, and creativity in articulating our own ecosophies in the cultural contexts within which we dwell. This section explores Naess’s gestalt ontology and the role of creativity in the way we act and live from moment to moment. Section 4, “Nonviolence and Gandhi, Spinoza and Wholeness,” includes essays on Gandhi’s approach to group conflict. From the 1930s onward, Arne has been a student of Gandhi’s methods, and the essays in this section reflect the enduring relevance of nonviolent direct action as a way to cultural transformation. The American leader of the civil rights movement, the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., visited India during the 1950s to study Gandhi’s methods before he began his civil rights campaign in America. King returned to the United States convinced that he could transform American society using Gandhi’s methods. In the essays in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Deep Ecology and Eco Feminism an Approach to Sustainable Development
    Volume : 3 | Issue : 10 | Oct 2014 ISSN - 2250-1991 Research Paper Economics Deep Ecology And Eco Feminism An Approach To Sustainable Development ICSSR-Doctoral Fellow Research Scholar (UGC-NET) DEPARTMENT S. RAVIKUMAR OF ECONOMICS OSMANIA UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD-500007 KEYWORDS Deep ecology, Eco-feminism, Ecological crisis, Livelihoods. The ecological crisis reflects the inequal livelihoods of indigenous communities. Due to globalization, only minority sections are benefited, majority of poor lower. Eco-feminists argue that deep ecology is not deep enough because its call for biological egalitarianism does not extent to women (Salleh 1984).Deep ecology is preoccupied with anthropocentrism (Human centeredness) as main cause of environmental degradation when the real problem is andro centrism, ecological destruction being male dominated. In the process of globalization, industrial and development projects cause a serious harm to the forest or eco systems. In Indian the destruction of five lakh hectares of forest in the past five years alone for mines, dams and industrial project in the name of development. Economic growth do not result in poverty reduction and gap between the rich and poor ABSTRACT widen. So that’s why development should be from the below .To have better future for indigenous people, their values must be respected, by making them access to equitable and distribution of GDP. Alternatives, new economic theories, developmental programmes and policies must be framed, and implemented at root level INTRODUCTION: world poses a threat therefore, not only to human but to all The ecological crisis reflects the inequal livelihoods of indige- organisms constituting the natural order. Deep ecology’s core nous communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eco-Feminist Connection
    DISCUSSION PAPERS Deeper than Deep Ecology: The Eco-Feminist Connection Ariel Kay Salleh* I offer a feminist critique of deep ecology as presented in the seminal papers of Naess and Devall. I outline the fundamental premises involved and analyze their internal coherence. Not only are there problems on logical grounds, but the tacit methodological approach of the two papers are inconsistent with the deep ecologists' own substantive comments. I discuss these shortcomings in terms of a broader feminist critique of patriarchal culture and point out some practical and theoretical contributions which eco-feminism can make to a genuinely deep ecology problematic. ... beyond that perception of otherness lies the perceptioll ofpysche, polity and cosmos, as metaphors of one another. ... lohn Rodman I In what sense is eco-feminism "deeper than deep ecology"? Or is this a facile and arrogant claim? To try to answer this question is to engage in a critique of a critique, for deep ecology itself is already an attempt to transcend the shortsighted instrumental pragmatism of the resource-management approach to the environ­ mental crisis. It argues for a new n1etaphysics and an ethic based on the recognition of the intrinsic worth of the nonhuman world. It abandons the hardheaded scien­ tific approach to reality in favor of a more spiritual consciousness. It asks for voluntary simplicity in living and a nonexploitive steady-state economy. The appropriateness of these attitudes as expressed in Naess' and Devall's seminal papers on the deep ecology movement is indisputable. 2 But what is the organic basis of this paradigm shift? Where are Naess and Devall "coming from," as they say? Is deep ecology a sociologically coherent position? * P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • From Deep Ecology to the Blue Economy 2011
    The Blue Economy From Deep Ecology to The Blue Economy A review of the main concepts related to environmental, social and ethical business that contributed to the creation of The Blue Economy written by Gunter Pauli February 2011 based on an original article written by the same author in 1999 © 2011, Gunter Pauli If I can see beyond the green economy today, It is thanks to the giants on whose shoulders I stand Environmental deterioration and the imbalance between man and nature increasingly preoccupy scholars, philosophers, businessmen and policy makers alike. The disparity between rich and poor and the continuous incapacity to respond to the basic needs of all (not only humans) preoccupies many. It seems that the only sustainable phenomena of our modern time is the loss of biodiversity and our incapacity to eliminate poverty. Even though we all look reality in the eye, we seem to lack the vision and the tools to make a difference and steer our excessive consumption society in general and our competitive business world towards sustainability. Our media continue to report on the loss of forest cover, biodiversity, and human dignity. My concern has always been: in spite of the statistics showing the downward trends, what can I do to make a material difference on the ground. Since the 1950s we have seen a series of ideas and conceptual frameworks that have emerged from studies that illustrate the disconnect between our exploitative culture and the Earth's limited resources. This document attempts to summarize the most important persons and organizations whose work has greatly influenced my present thinking on business, environment, social development and ethics.
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Education in the Current of Deep Ecology and Sustainability
    buildings Article Architectural Education in the Current of Deep Ecology and Sustainability Ewa Cisek and Anna Jaglarz * Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Bolesława Prusa 53/55, 50-317 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: As a result of the experience and scientific research of the authors on the deep ecology and sustainability process, academic courses were created that are run at two stages of educating architecture students. The authors aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness and quality of the courses as well as the rationality of the assumptions and educational methods adopted for their implementation. One of them was the survey method, as a didactic and scientific experiment and didactic tool. The innovative educational methodology presented in the work may be implemented by other educators at architectural universities in order to improve the quality of teaching design in the spirit of pro-ecological and sustainable development. The result is a long-term action which constitutes a tool to combat the ecological crisis. It consists of bottom-up activities, both in the open landscape (ecovillages) and in the urban context (housing complexes with elements of urban farms and environmental education parks). This is connected with the application of the educational system from the pre-school level in the place of residence up to in-depth academic education. Keywords: architectural design; interior design; architectural education; design education; deep Citation: Cisek, E.; Jaglarz, A. ecology; sustainability; education method; survey method Architectural Education in the Current of Deep Ecology and Sustainability. Buildings 2021, 11, 358.
    [Show full text]
  • Masanobu Fukuoka's Enduring Influence on New Agrarian Movements Abroad
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Konan University Repository KONAN UNIVERSITY Masanobu Fukuoka's Enduring Influence on New Agrarian Movements Abroad 著者（英） Thomas Mach journal or Language and Culture : The Journal of the publication title Institute for Language and Culture volume 13 page range 17-35 year 2009-03-15 URL http://doi.org/10.14990/00000479 17 Masanobu Fukuoka's Enduring Influence on New Agrarian Movements Abroad Thomas MACH Abstract This paper examines the ongoing popularity of Masanobu Fukuoka, a Japanese farmer, philosopher, and writer, among leaders of agrarianism in the West. First, to provide context, the most obvious shortcomings of modern industrial agriculture are briefly presented. Next, introductions to some of the more prominent movements that are attempting to restore mindful stewardship and husbandry practices to the agricultural process are provided. Then, a basic overview of Fukuoka's life and farming philosophy is followed by an analysis of the ways in which Fukuoka is quoted and portrayed when he appears in the works of Western writers of agrarianism in order to shed some light on how Fukuoka is perceived abroad and to thereby suggest just what sort of influence he wields during this turbulent time in global food production. Introduction Mr. Fukuoka has understood that we cannot isolate one aspect of life from another. When we change the way we grow our food, we change our food, we change society, we change our values. Wendell Berry, Preface to The One-straw Revolution, 1978, p. ix Last summer, a thin and frail 95-year-old man passed away at his small ancestral farmstead in the mountains of Ehime prefecture.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Bibliography on Buddhism and Ecology (English Sources Only)
    Bibliography on Buddhism and Ecology (English sources only) Compiled by Chris Ives September 2016 Please send corrections and additions to Chris Ives: [email protected] Abe, Masao. “Man and Nature in Christianity and Buddhism.” Japanese Religions 7, no. 1 (July 1971): 1-10. Abraham, Ralph. “Orphism: The Ancient Roots of Green Buddhism.” In Dharma Gaia: A Harvest of Essays in Buddhism and Ecology, edited by Allan Hunt Badiner, 39–49. Berkeley, Calif.: Parallax Press, 1990. Aitken, Robert. “Gandhi, Dogen, and Deep Ecology.” In Deep Ecology: Living As If Nature Mattered, edited by Bill Devall and George Sessions, 232-35. Salt Lake City, Utah: Peregrine Smith Books, 1985. Reprinted in The Path of Compassion: Writings on Socially Engaged Buddhism, ed. Fred Eppsteiner, 86-92 (Berkeley, Calif.: Parallax Press, 1988). _____. “Envisioning the Future.” In Dharma Rain: Sources of Buddhist Environmentalism, edited by Stephanie Kaza and Kenneth Kraft, 423-38. Boston: Shambhala, 2000. _____. The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics. San Francisco, Calif.: North Point Press, 1984. _____. The Practice of Perfection: The Paramitas from a Zen Buddhist Perspective. New York: Pantheon, 1984. Allendorf, Fred W., and Bruce A. Byers. “Salmon in the Net of Indra: A Buddhist View of Nature and Communities.” Worldviews 2 (1998): 37-52. Anderson, Bill. “The Use of Animals in Science: A Buddhist Perspective.” Zen Bow Newsletter 6, no. 2–3 (Summer-Fall 1984): 8-9. Asquith, Pamela J., and Kalland, Arne. Japanese Images of nature: Cultural Perspectives. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1997. Badiner, Allan Hunt. “Dharma Gaia: The Green Roots of American Buddhism.” Vajradhatu Sun, April-May 1988: 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Rethinking Deep Ecology
    THESIS RETHINKING DEEP ECOLOGY: FROM CRITIQUE TO SYNTHESIS Submitted by Chelsea L. Welker Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2013 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Bradley J. Macdonald Dimitris Stevis Paul Trembath ABSTRACT RETHINKING DEEP ECOLOGY: FROM CRITIQUE TO SYNTHESIS Deep ecology represents a strain of radical ecopolitical theory that has, over the past forty years, engaged in various debates with other strains of radical ecopolitical thought. Though deep ecology has attempted to defend itself against many critiques from this field, my analysis aims to reassess deep ecology’s responses (or its silences) related to some of these charges. My goal is to adequately respond to these critiques that have been made against deep ecology, particularly the critiques that have arose from social ecology and from perspectives concerned with the Global South. At the same time, I utilize these critiques and my own responses to them to rethink deep ecology’s role in the transformation of contemporary societies toward greater ecological sustainability. I add to this debate amongst radical ecopolitical theories by outlining the most important critiques that have been made at deep ecology from the above fields, in addition to formulating more adequate responses from the perspective of deep ecology. Moreover, I explicitly concern my analysis with how this re-envisioned deep ecology can constitute a viable political theory and play a vital role in the radical transformation of political societies for the benefit of both nature and human beings. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Working Toward Sustainability Why Is Sustainability So Important Anyway?
    Working Toward Sustainability Winter Solstice 2003 Vol. I No. II When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. John Muir (1838-1914) Table of Contents Why is Sustainability so Important Anyway? A Few Examples of Good Sustainability Efforts You Said It Green Design Expert Bill Reed Speaks to Leaf Litter A Case Study: Bringing Sustainability to a University Master Plan Play the Great Green Web Game! Sustainability Links › General Sustainability Information › Buying, Building, Working Green › Teaching Sustainability › Learning Sustainability › Professionals for Sustainability › Regenerative Design › Eco-Friendly Gift Ideas Design Definitions Sustainability News Biohabitats - People, Projects and Places Why is Sustainability so Important Anyway? In 2002, the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg made significant commitments to improve the lives of people living in poverty and to reverse the continuing degradation of the global environment. These are lofty goals that I am sure we all can agree with. But what does it mean to you and me, living day to day in one of the most prosperous countries in the world? We wanted to find out so we surveyed our readers on a host of questions related to sustainable development. See the results of our survey in the “You Said It” section, many of the responses may surprise you. The terms “sustainability” and “sustainable development” have become buzzwords within the design community. So what does “sustainable development” mean? Our Common Future, [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/019282080X/202-6426412- 4529466] a publication produced by the World Commission on the Environment and Development in 1987, coined the now widely accepted definition as “development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Ecology and the Death of Anthropocentrism Opción, Vol
    Opción ISSN: 1012-1587 [email protected] Universidad del Zulia Venezuela Ferrer Montaño, Orlando José Ecology for Whom? Deep Ecology and the Death of Anthropocentrism Opción, vol. 22, núm. 50, 2006, pp. 181-197 Universidad del Zulia Maracaibo, Venezuela Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=31005009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Opción, Año 22, No. 50 (2006): 181 - 197 ISSN 1012-1587 Ecology for Whom? Deep Ecology and the Death of Anthropocentrism Orlando José Ferrer Montaño Universidad del Zulia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Apartado postal 10076, Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Deep Ecology arises as a new perception to visualize the inexora- ble changes that humanity currently confronts. This new scientific- philosophical-religious approach claims for a new treatment for the Earth. However, this new eco-centered approach transcends the limit of any particular science of today, and claims that simple reforms are not sufficient. Deep Ecology calls for a reduction of human population and change to our high-energy consumption and profligate resource use. An- thropocentrism should be substituted by ecocentrism; a shift from an- thropos, the human, to eco, the Earth. Although I am not an advocated to Deep Ecology, in this paper I present a series of thoughts endorsing some of the Deep Ecology’s claims. I argue that deep ecological thinking and actions, together with a better use of our scientific, economic and natural resources will add for a better and lasting global world.
    [Show full text]
  • Reduction of the Global Human Population – a Rectificatory Argument Based on Environmental Considerations
    Linköping University | Department of Culture and Communication Master’s Thesis, 15 ECTS Credits | Applied Ethics Spring Semester 2016 | LIU‐CTE‐AE‐EX‐‐16/01‐‐SE Reduction of the Global Human Population – A Rectificatory Argument based on Environmental Considerations Stijn Koenraads Supervisor: Prof. Anders Nordgren Examiner: Prof. Göran Collste Linköping University SE‐581 83 Linköping +46 13 28 10 00, www.liu.se Abstract Contrary to what many scholars hold, a case can be made for human population reduction (the practice of artificially decreasing the number of human beings on the Earth). Robin Attfield’s, Paul Taylor’s, Arne Næss’s and J. Baird Callicott’s theories are considered for justifying human population reduction; however, only Næss’s actually justifies reduction. Another argument for human population reduction is developed, based on rectification: humans have unjustly harmed other living entities and themselves, and they should provide rectification for the harm done. Human population reduction is a way in which this rectification can be given. Keywords: human population reduction, rectification, environmental ethics, inter-species justice, harm ii Table of contents I Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 II Forms of human population reduction .............................................................................. 3 III Theories which might justify human population reduction ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • A MANUAL for BUDDHISM and DEEP ECOLOGY: SPECIAL EDITION by the WORLD BUDDHIST UNIVERSITY (With Permission of Author.) B.E
    AA ManualManual forfor BuddhismBuddhism andand DeepDeep EcologyEcology Daniel H. Henning, Ph.D. HAN DD ET U 'S B B O RY eOK LIBRA E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.buddhanet.net Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. A MANUAL for BUDDHISM © 2002 Daniel H. Henning. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, AND DEEP Or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the author. ECOLOGY ISBN: 1-4033-7006-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2002095421 A MANUAL for BUDDHISM AND DEEP ECOLOGY: SPECIAL EDITION BY THE WORLD BUDDHIST UNIVERSITY (With permission of author.) B.E. 2549 (2006) Daniel H. Henning, Ph.D. “To the spiritual protection of trees and forests worldwide ” 1 CONTENTS Preface PREFACE BY THE WORLD BUDDHIST 2 by the World Buddhist University UNIVERSITY Practicing Buddhism is sometimes described as like walking though a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4 forest on a misty day. Eventually you “get wet” and come to a deeper understanding of the teachings. The same might be said about INTRODUCTION 5 environmentalism. Eventually, hopefully, it moves from manipulating or even saving the environment and becomes the CHAPTER ONE 9 environment. “Getting wet” in this sense is incorporating a spiritual perspective in working with and in the environment. This is called BUDDHISM AND VALUES Deep Ecology. ................................ CHAPTER TWO 21 Buddhism and Deep Ecology belong in the same title because at their DHAMMA, DEEP ECOLOGY, core they are both talking about how to be at home in the universe. AND ENVIRONMENT The original meaning of ecology goes back to the Greeks who saw the ......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Education, the Deep Ecology Movement, and Transition
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Trumpeter - Journal of Ecosophy (Athabasca University) Trumpeter (1997) ISSN: 0832-6193 Education, The Deep Ecology Movement, and Transition Hank Colletto Audubon Expedition Institute Education, The Deep Ecology Movement, and Transition 2 HANK COLLETTO is presently a faculty member with the Audubon Expedition Institute. For Hank, Environmental Edu- cation is a lifestyle as well as a career. Educational methodology is ever changing for Hank because he realizes there is never a set equation to follow when utilizing the learning community mod- el. Hank feels strongly about modeling behavior as an intricate part of environmental education. He teaches from the perspective of working toward the most ideal human/planetary relationship that can be formed, while also realizing we must work from a place of practicality. In the past Hank has lived at a consensus- run community-based land trust and worked as a field engineer for an energy conservation company. Hank is the father of an eight year old daughter (Marlo). He now shares with friends the responsibility of being a land steward in a beautiful riparian e- cosystem in the state of Maine. When he is not traveling and living out-of-doors, Hank lives in a eight by ten foot remodeled super-insulated chicken coop. Gardening is an important way for Hank to live a lower impact lifestyle. His favorite wild places to explore are the sandstone canyons of the Escalante River system and the glacial valleys of the Wind River Mountains.
    [Show full text]