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Integral Polity Transformation and Innovation Series Series Editors: Ronnie Lessem, Trans4m Center for Integral Development, Switzerland Alexander Schieffer, Trans4m Center for Integral Development, Switzerland The world’s economic and socio-political landscape has changed dramatically and created a now-or-never momentum for transformation and innovation. “Business as usual” no longer works. The time has come to fundamentally rethink enterprise, economics and development. The Gower “Transformation and Innovation Series”, with contributions by leading thinkers- and-doers from diverse cultures across the globe, combines theory and practice, informing both decision makers and scholars. It provides cutting-edge, viable approaches to the unprecedented challenges faced by business leaders, management consultants, economic policy makers and development agents. The pioneering Integral Worlds approach, developed by Lessem and Schieffer, provides a unique and coherent orientation to the wide-ranging volumes in the series. This approach combines individual, organizational and socio-economic development. Drawing on the particularities of each and every culture, it enhances local identity while contributing to global integrity. It activates the potential for a holistic realignment of enterprise and economics with other major dimensions of society, such as nature and community; culture and spirituality; as well as science, systems and technology. Latest titles in the series Integral Development Realising the Transformative Potential of Individuals, Organisations and Societies Alexander Schieffer and Ronnie Lessem ISBN 978-1-4094-2353-9 An Integral Approach to Development Economics Islamic Finance in an African Context Basheer A. Oshodi ISBN 978-1-4724-1125-9 Remaking Ourselves, Enterprise and Society An Indian Approach to Human Values in Management G.P. Rao ISBN 978-1-4094-4884-6 Spiritual Capital A Moral Core for Social and Economic Justice Samuel D. Rima ISBN 978-1-4094-0484-2 Integral Polity Integrating Nature, Culture, Society and Economy RONNIE LESSEM WITH IBRAHIM ABOULEISH, MARKO POGAČNIK AND LOUIS HERMAN © Ronnie Lessem with Ibrahim Abouleish, Marko Pogačnik and Louis Herman 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Ronnie Lessem with Ibrahim Abouleish, Marko Pogačnik and Louis Herman have asserted their moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work. Gower Applied Business Research Our programme provides leaders, practitioners, scholars and researchers with thought provoking, cutting edge books that combine conceptual insights, interdisciplinary rigour and practical relevance in key areas of business and management. Published by Gower Publishing Limited Gower Publishing Company Wey Court East 110 Cherry Street Union Road Suite 3-1 Farnham Burlington, Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-3818 England USA www.gowerpublishing.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lessem, Ronnie. Integral polity : integrating nature, culture, society and economy / by Ronnie Lessem with Ibrahim Abouleish, Marko Pogačnik and Louis Herman. pages cm -- (Transformation and innovation) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4724-4247-5 (hardback) -- ISBN (invalid) 978-1-4724-4248-2 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-4724-4249-9 (epub) 1. Economic development--Technological innovations. 2. Business enterprises--Technological innovations. 3. Information technology--Social aspects. 4. Social change. I. Title. HD82.L377 2014 306.3--dc23 2014016620 ISBN 9781472442475 (hbk) ISBN 9781472442482 (ebk – PDF) ISBN 9781472442499 (ebk – ePUB) III Printed in the United Kingdom by Henry Ling Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii About the Authors xv Prologue An Introduction to Integral Polity: Nature, Culture, Society, Economy 1 Part 1: Introduction 1 Part 2: Southern: Nature/Community: Earth: Direct Democracy 9 Part 3: Eastern: Culture/Spirituality: Air: Big Picture 11 Part 4: Northern: Society/Technology: Water: Interaction 13 Part 5: Environment/Economics: Fire: Individuation 16 Part 6: Integrally-Based Islamic Polity: Mandala as a Whole 18 References 20 I IN PURSUIT OF INTEGRITY 1 Disintegrated to Integral Polity 25 1.1. Introduction 25 1.2. Frames of State: Commonwealth to Leadership 27 1.3. Forms of State 29 1.4. Towards an Awakened Islamic Consciousness 32 1.5. Conclusion: Necessity of the State/Options of Governance 34 1.6. References 35 2 The Origins of Political Order 37 2.1. Introduction 37 2.2. The State of Nature 38 2.3. Social Community to Private Property 39 2.4. The Power of the State 41 2.5. The Rule of Law 43 2.6. The Rise of Political Accountability 46 2.7. Conclusion: Political Development Then and Now 48 2.8. References 48 vi Integral Polity II NATURAL AND COMMUNAL ORIENTATION: SOUTHERN POLITY 3 Natural Grounding: Constituting Africa 51 3.1. Introduction to Black Civilization 51 3.2. Towards an Original African Constitution 53 3.3. Conclusion: The Direction of Civilization 60 3.4. References 61 4 Natural Emergence: Tradition and Modernity 63 4.1. Introduction 63 4.2. Philosophy and Politics 65 4.3. Tradition and Modernity 70 4.4. Conclusion 72 4.5. References 73 5 Communal Navigation:Development and Auto-centricity 75 5.1. Introduction: Africa’s General Crisis 75 5.2. The Nature of the Auto-centric Approach 77 5.3. Towards a Post-Cold War Global Order 81 5.4. Conclusion: Prospects for Auto-centric Development 82 5.5. References 84 6 Natural Rapoko Effect: Food Security at Zimbabwe’s Chinyika 85 6.1. Introduction: Towards an Integral African Polity 85 6.2. A Son Was Raised from the House of Gutu 88 6.3. Mai Mlambo: Towards a Democratic Community 92 6.4. Conclusion 95 6.5. References 96 III CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL ORIENTATION: EASTERN POLITY 7 Spiritual Grounding: India’s Human Cycle 99 7.1. Introduction: Nature/Community to Culture/Spirituality 99 7.2. The Human Cycle 102 7.3. The Discovery of the Nation-Soul 105 7.4. Conclusion: The Curve of the Rational Age 106 7.5. References 110 8 Cultural and Spiritual Emergence: Spiral Dynamics 111 8.1. Introduction 111 8.2. Comparison of Major Schools in Spiral Dynamic’s Theory 116 8.3. Description of the Different Human Niches 120 Contents vii 8.4. Conclusion: Mandala Centre for Integral Development 125 8.5. References 127 9 Cultural, Political and Economic Navigation: Threefolding 129 9.1. Introduction: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity 129 9.2. The Social Question: Cultural, Political, Economic 130 9.3. Shaping Globalization 135 9.4. Threefolding and the Example of Philippine Agenda 21 136 9.5. Conclusion: Civil Society and the Beginning of History 137 9.6. References 138 10 Conscious, Powerful, Economic Effect: Sri Lanka’s Sarvodaya 139 10.1. Introduction to Sarvodaya 139 10.2. The Awakening of All 143 10.3. Conclusion 147 10.4. References 151 IV TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL ORIENTATION: NORTHERN POLITY 11 Social and Political Grounding: Europe Living in Truth 155 11.1. Introduction 155 11.2. Elements of the Social and Political System 156 11.3. Building on Nature and Culture 157 11.4. The Politics of Greed 161 11.5. Conclusion: The Sacred Geography of Europe 164 11.6. References 166 12 Emergent Innovation: Technology, Management, Aesthetics 167 12.1. Introduction 167 12.2. Knowledge and Innovation 168 12.3. Towards Integral Innovation 174 12.4. The Leadership of Innovation 175 12.5. Conclusion: The Gaian Point of View 176 12.6. References 177 13 Navigation: Self-Management/Cooperative Association 179 13.1. Introduction 179 13.2. Cooperatives in the Age of Capital 182 13.3. Co-operation Italian Style 184 13.4. Conclusion: On Civil Society and the Social Economy 189 13.5. References 189 viii Integral Polity 14 Social and Technical Effect: Integral Green Slovenia 191 14.1. Introduction: Living the Truth to Integral Green Slovenia 191 14.2. Tapping into Slovenia’s Moral Core 193 14.3. Towards an Integral Green Slovenia 196 14.4. Conclusion 204 14.5. References 208 V ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ORIENTATION: WESTERN POLITY 15 Environmental and Economic Grounding: The American Soul 211 15.1. Introduction: Inner and Outer Grounding 211 15.2. Remembering America/Remembering Washington 213 15.3. Individuality: A Meditation on the Face of Lincoln 215 15.4. The American Indian: Crimes of America 216 15.5. Slavery, Frederick Douglass and the Story of America 218 15.6. Conclusion: The Meaning of America 219 15.7. References 222 16 Natural, Cultural, Social, Economic Emergence: Future Primal 223 16.1. Introduction 223 16.2. The Eclipse of Wisdom 226 16.3. The Primal Political Mandala 231 16.4. Conclusion 234 16.5. References 236 17 Political and Environmental Navigation: Politics of Nature 239 17.1. Introduction 239 17.2. How to Bring the Natural-Political Collective Together? 240 17.3. Devising a New Separation of Powers 242 17.4. Variegated Skills for the Collective 244 17.5. Conclusion: Exploring the Common Worlds of Oikos 248 17.6. References 249 18 Economic and Environmental Effect: Brazil’s Curitiba 251 18.1. Introduction: Soul of America to Curitiba 251 18.2. Treating Citizens as a Precious Resource 252 18.3. Conclusion: Bio/mimicry – Design Working with Nature 256 18.4. References 256 Contents ix VI NATURE, CULTURE, SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: CENTRING POLITY 19 Integral Ground: Holy Qur’an: Start Sustainable Development 259 19.1. Introduction 259 19.2. By Way of Tradition 260 19.3. Themes and Concepts 263 19.4. Contemporary Topics 267 19.5. Power and Politics: Medina’s Participatory Democracy 268 19.6. Conclusion 270 19.7. References 271 20 Emergent Integral: Harmony: Sustainable Development Anew 273 20.1.
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