Phytotaxa 456 (3): 219–243 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.3.1 A taxonomic revision of Stenoglottis (Orchideae, Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) DEAN P. PHILLIPS1,2,3 & BENNY BYTEBIER1,4 1 Bews Herbarium, Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. 2 Current address: Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. 3
[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-5081 4
[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-5727 Abstract Based on a published morphological and phylogenetic analysis, species delimitation in Stenoglottis is here revised, and five species (six taxa) are now recognized: S. fimbriata (with two varieties), S. longifolia, S. inandensis, S. woodii, and S. macloughlinii. Stenoglottis fimbriata subsp. saxicola and S. zambesiaca are synonymised here with S. fimbriata, S. modesta is reduced in rank to S. fimbriata var. modesta and S. molweniensis is synonymised with S. longifolia. The three spurred species, S. inandensis, S. woodii and S. macloughlinii, are retained. We include revised descriptions, diagnoses and a morphological key, in which characteristics of the floral spurs, labella, leaves, bracts, and auricles contribute most clearly to distinguishing the taxa. Distributions maps and photos showing important diagnostic characters and morphological variation are also presented. Introduction Stenoglottis Lindley (1837: 209) is a small genus of orchids endemic to continental Africa, with a distribution extending from its centre of diversity in the summer rainfall regions of eastern South Africa to the southern highlands of Tanzania.