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Research Resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill NATIONAL MARINE EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION Volume 33 • Number 1 • Winter 2019 v Special Issue Featuring the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative v Research Resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill NATIONAL MARINE EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION “... to make known the world of water, both fresh and salt.” THE NATIONAL MARINE EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION brings together those interested in Volume 33 • No. 1 • Winter 2019 the study and enjoyment of the world of water. Affiliated with the National Science Teachers Association, NMEA includes professionals with backgrounds in education, science, business, Jessica Kastler, Ph.D., Katie Fillingham, government, museums, aquariums, and marine research, among others. Members receive Sara Beresford, and Teresa Greely, Issue Editors Current: The Journal of Marine Education, NMEA News Online, and discounts at annual Lisa M. Tooker, Managing Editor conferences. Membership information is available from: NMEA National Office/Attention: Jeannette Connors, 4321 Hartwick Road, Suite 300, College Park, MD 20740, or visit our Eric Cline, Designer website online at www.marine-ed.org/. Phone: 844-OUR-NMEA (844-687-6632); Email: [email protected]. Editorial Board: Vicki Clark NMEA Officers: NMEA Chapter Representatives: VIMS/Virginia Sea Grant President Jenna LoDico Elizabeth Day-Miller Meghan Marrero, Ph.D. Florida Marine Science Educators BridgeWater Education Consulting, LLC Mercy College Association (FMSEA) John Dindo Dobbs Ferry, NY email: [email protected] Dauphin Island Sea Lab Past President Kim Morris-Zarneke Paula Keener Dave Bader Georgia Association of Marine Ocean Exploration and Research Program, NOAA Aquarium of the Pacific Education (GAME) Long Beach, CA email: [email protected] Meghan E. Marrero, Ph.D. President–Elect Great Lakes Educators of Aquatic and Mercy College Kate Achilles, Ph.D. Marine Science (GLEAMS) Maryellen Timmons NOAA Fisheries Kate Leavitt University of Georgia-MES Santa Cruz, CA Gulf of Maine Marine Education Lynn Tran Treasurer Association (GOMMEA) Lawrence Hall of Science, UC Berkeley Jacqueline U. Takacs email: [email protected] UM Sea Grant Ext. Program Kathy Fuller Current is published up to four times a Upper Marlboro, MD Mid-Atlantic Marine Educators year for members of the National Marine Secretary Association (MAMEA) Educators Association. Library subscrip- Sarah Richards email: [email protected] tions to Current are available for $50 a year. St. Ann’s School, Brooklyn, NY Individual issues are available from the Sandi Ryack-Bell Massachusetts Marine Educators (MME) editors for $15. email: [email protected] Editorial and advertising offices: NMEA, c/o NMEA National Office: William (Bill) Hanshumaker, Ph.D. Jeannette Connors, 4321 Hartwick Road, Office Manager Northwest Aquatic and Marine Suite 300; College Park MD 20740 Jeannette Connors Educators (NAME) © 2019 by Current: The Journal of Marine email: [email protected] Membership Secretary Education (ISSN 0889-5546). Publication of J. Adam Frederick Kaitlin Gannon the National Marine Educators Association. Social Media Community New Jersey Marine Educators The opinions expressed by authors do not Manager & Editor Association (NJMEA) necessarily reflect those of NMEA. Jennifer Magnusson email: [email protected] Permission is granted by NMEA for libraries Current Editor Leann Winn and other users to make reprographic New York State Marine Educators Lisa M. Tooker copies for their own or their client’s personal Association (NYSMEA) email: [email protected] or non-commercial use. This permission NMEA Board of Directors: does not extend to copying for advertising Joanna Philippoff or promotional purposes, creating new Linda Chilton OCEANIA (Hawai’i and Pacific Islands) USC Sea Grant Program, Los Angeles, CA collective works, resale, or any material not email: [email protected] copyrighted to NMEA. For more information, Laura Diederick Jessica Kastler, Ph.D. email the editor of Current: The Journal of NOAA Fisheries, Silver Springs, MD Southern Association of Marine Marine Education at [email protected] Kanesa Duncan-Seraphin Educators (SAME) for permission-related or other editorial ques- University of Hawaii Sea Grant, Kapaa, HI email: [email protected] tions or comments regarding the journal; or Jenny East Jaime Thom visit us online at www.marine-ed.org. Oregon Sea Grant, Beaverton, OR South Carolina Marine Educators Association (SCMEA) Front Cover: Courtesy of from left to right: Geraldine Fauville email: [email protected] University of Gothenburg, Sweden (top left) ECOGIG and Ocean Exploration Valerie Cournoyer Trust; (top middle) CONCORDE; (top right) Catherine Halversen Southeastern New England Marine Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA LADC-GEMM; (bottom right) Gabriel Kasozi; Educators (SENEME) (bottom middle) CARTHE/Cedric Guigand; Lindsay Patterson email: [email protected] and (bottom left) RECOVER Charleston County Park & Recreation Alie Lebeau Commission, Charleston, SC Southwest Marine Educators Sean Russell Association (SWMEA) Youth Ocean Conservation Summit, email: [email protected] Englewood, FL David Wehunt Lisa Tossey Tennessee Educators of Aquatic and University of Delaware, Newark, DE Marine Science (TEAMS) email: [email protected] Texas Marine Educators Association (TMEA) Volume 33 • No. 1 • Winter 2019 CURRENT LOG I would like to welcome you to this special issue of Current: The Journal of Marine Education featuring research and educational activities resulting from science funded by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI). GoMRI is a 10-year (2010-2020) research program that was established through a $500 million financial commitment by BP after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Led by a 20-member Research Board, GoMRI’s goal is to improve society’s ability to understand, respond to, and mitigate the impacts of petroleum pollution and related stressors on the marine and coastal ecosystems, with an emphasis on conditions found in the Gulf of Mexico. Knowledge accrued from this program is being applied to restoration and to improving the long-term environmental health of the Gulf of Mexico. The GoMRI Research Board, for which I serve as chair, oversees operations of the program and ensures the intellectual quality, effectiveness, and academic independence of the research. Since its inception, the GoMRI Research Board has placed a high value on and has prioritized communicating GoMRI-funded research with audiences beyond the scientific community. It has dedicated significant funds to education and outreach efforts at the GoMRI program level, as well as to GoMRI’s funded consortia, research projects, and external partners. This special issue has been produced by the outreach coordinators of GoMRI consortia. Their goal is to share some insights of GoMRI-funded research and education resources with you, so that you may incorporate the science and associated activities into your curriculum. I thank all of the GoMRI outreach coordinators for their dedicated efforts to share GoMRI-funded science, and for their efforts to produce this special issue, especially Jessie Kastler, Katie Fillingham, Sara Beresford, and Teresa Greely, who served as editors. I hope you enjoy it. Sincerely, Dr. Rita Colwell Chair of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Research Board This special issue of Current was sponsored by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI). The editors thank the GoMRI outreach coordinators for contributions and appreciate reviews by Debi Benoit, Steve Sempier, Chuck Wilson, and two anonymous peer reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscripts. CONTENTS 2 Introduction to the GoMRI Special Issue on Research Resulting 33 Technological Advances in Ocean Sciences Resulting from from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill By Laura Bracken, Dan DiNicola, Jessie Kastler, 5 GoMRI-Funded Consortium Descriptions and Sara Beresford 7 The Story of Oil in the Gulf of Mexico: Where Did the Oil Go? 42 The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information and By Emily Davenport, Laura Bracken, Sara Beresford, Data Cooperative: Data Transparency and Data Sharing + and Murt Conover Classroom Activity By Sandra Ellis and Katie Fillingham 17 An Underwater Blizzard of Marine Oil Snow By Teresa Greely, Jessie Kastler, Sara Beresford, 45 2019 National Marine Educators Association Conference and Katie Fillingham 21 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Impacts on Organisms and Habitats By Sara Beresford, Jessie Kastler, Rachel McDonald, Dan DiNicola, and Katie Fillingham Volume 33 • No. 1 • Winter 2019 Introduction to the GoMRI Special Issue on Research Resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded in Researchers quickly realized that the lack of baseline data the Gulf of Mexico, releasing 210 million gallons (780,000 on the Gulf of Mexico ecosystems would make it difficult to cubic meters or m3) of oil and gas into the surrounding know how the Gulf and the organisms living there would be ecosystem; the flow persisted for 87 days before the well impacted. Furthermore, the complex interactions and link- was capped. Sadly, 11 workers died. As responders began ages between the ecosystems in the Gulf required scientists efforts to stop the flow and collect spilled oil, officials with a wide variety of backgrounds to work together to worked to minimize threats to human health and econo- answer challenging questions. Where would the oil end up? mies, and environmental
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