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Row Houses in Taiwan - a Study of Sustainable Dwelling Usage and Size Under Environmental Crisis

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Row Houses in Taiwan - a Study of Sustainable Dwelling Usage and Size Under Environmental Crisis © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 Row houses in Taiwan - a study of sustainable dwelling usage and size under environmental crisis Chang Herng Lin Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University Taiwan, R,0, C. Abstract Since the UNCED Conference was held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, the concept of sustainable development has gained more attention. A series of concrete activities are performed to protect the environment. One of the most important requirements is to treasure our resources. Building land is just a kind of resources that cannot be increased. As a small island within her restricted geographical conditions Taiwan has to pay more attention to this topic than other countries, particularly as the environmental crisis is getting more serious, In view of the ideal of sustainable development this research wishes to look for an appropriate size of habitation in accordance with the usage of the residences in Taiwan and without hurting the comfort of the dwellers as well as the load ability of building land. 1 Introduction Since UNCED held in 1992 in Rio Janeiro, the concept of sustainable development is becoming more significant for the planning field. One of the most important requirements for planners is to reduce the exploitation of development zone to protect nature sources such as particular landscape, local plants as well as not increasable minerals. Residential district is one of the main zones of land use. Its exploitation often leads to unreasonable expansion of cities and to damage rare nature resources. The sensible usage of residences and their rational sizes are consequently very essential for the saving of the development area. It seems that row houses in downtown of big cities are no longer the most © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 dominant house type in Taiwan as it used to be. However according to the number of row houses, which still consists 43.71 ‘%o [1] of all houses, their importance is conspicuous. The study chooses therefore this house type as the first subject of the series of surveys to know the usage and size of Taiwan’s residences, In this stydy 307 effectual samples of row houses in whole Taiwan were investigated, which are selected by the proportion of row houses in Taipei, Taizhong, Tainan and Gauxiong regions. The analysis is as following: 2 The row house in Taiwan 2.1 Size and structure of the household According to the survey, the number of residents of this house type is as in table 1. 78.04% of this house type is inhabited from household with 3 to 5 persons, especially with 4 persons, which contains nearly 40°/0. 32.27°/0 families in this study have 1 to 6-year-old children, 44.55°/0 6 to 18-year-old children, 28.48°/0 grown-up children, 12.76’%.great parents. And 13.64V0families live with anther non-family people, Parents with children are the most form tlom the structure type of the membership. Great parents are no more the essential part of the family structure. Table 1: Number of residents size of 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 total household ] 2 (person) ‘?/0 3.26 5.93 15.43 39.17 23.44 8.31 3.86 0,59 0 100 2.2 Number of rooms Except living room, kitchen and sanitaria, which exist almost in each residence, the number of other rooms influences the usage and size of residences. Number of rooms in these families are investigated, 5.25’?40of them have 3 rooms, 55.41YO 4 rooms, 35.74V05 rooms and 3.61?X06 rooms. Generally (91.15%) this type of residence possesses 4 to 5 rooms (s. table 2). Table 2: Number of rooms -+ number of 3 rooms 4 rooms 5 rooms 6 rooms rooms 0/0 5.25 55.41 35.74 3.61 2,3 Sanitary equipment The number and space for sanitaria in row houses are obviously large when they are compared with other types of residences. 58.75% households have 2 sets of © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 full sanitaria, 23.44V0even have 3 sets. 68,89% families own another separate toilet, and 17.02% have even another 2 (s. table 3). Table 3: Number of sanitaria number of MI set sanitaria number of separate bathroom number of separate toilet set 0111213]4 0] 1121314 011 2] 314 70 5.63 6.88 58.75 23.44 5.31 72.43 15.89 9.35 1.40 0.93 14.54 64.89 17.02 2,48 1,06 The dwelling type in which bathroom is separated with toilet is not favorite in Taiwan. 78.87°/0residents mind that full set sanitaria, bathroom with toilet, are more suitable to use than the separated ones. 2,4 Size of living space In comparison with other house types, row houses possess a large living space. According to the study, the average dwelling space of this type amounts 170.04m2. The living space of each region is quite different (s. table 4). Especially in Tainan, the average size of row houses appears much smaller than the ones in other regions because the city size of Tainan is smaller than Taipei, Taizhong and Gaoxiong. Row houses in Tainan is for middle or middle-high income families, but this dwelling type in other 3 regions is mostly for high income families, whose residences require more luxury even by the size of living space. Table 4: Average size of row houses in different regions region \Taipei Taizong Gaoxiong lTainan lTotal Average size 1179.89m’ 191.22m’ 160.33 m’ 1148.71m’ \170.04m’ Investigated data of average size of each individual room and of private open or half open spaces are shown in table 5 and 6. [n table 5 it can be concluded that the living room is the most significant room indoors of residences in this house type. Owing to generally placing a bathroom in mater bedroom, the master bedroom also occupies a large space in house, which has nearly double size as a normal non-suite bedroom. In consideration of an efficient usage of residences it is necessary to check up whether the habit, that master bedrooms are usually installed with their own bathroom as a suite, is reasonable. Table 5: Average size of individual rooms room living living-dining Living-dining dinning master normal room room -kitchen room bedroom bedroom size 21.43 m’ 24,34 m’ 28.38 m’ 6,22 m’ 22,01m’ 13.56m’ © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 Compared with the whole indoor space of this house type the outdoor spaces appear relative undersized, The front garden, which is the main outdoor space of all, is not larger than a normal chamber indoors, so that the quality of outdoor living will been limited. Table 6: Average size of private open or half open space space front rear balcony roof garden garden terrace size 17.55 m’ 10.95 m’ 11.39m’ 22,93m’ 2.5 Structure of space and their proportion Being restricted tlom their quite small site, which averagely comes to 76.34 m2 in this study, row houses in Taiwan cannot have a very complicated space structure, so that all kinds of space structure of them look comparatively simple and similar. Generally a stair house is situated in the middle of a little long formed house plan, mostly together with sanitary equipments. The rest space will be cut into two rooms, thereby one is in front, and the other at rear (s. figure 1). The wideness of row houses, average ca. 5m, is so narrow that the rooms can usually no more be divided longitudinally again, thus they are quite big on the other hand as a single room to compare with rooms in collective housing. F“’m’’’’’’””l Figure 1: Schema of a typical level plan ffom row houses in Taiwan In order to contact each level, a stair must be disposed in the houses, This together with a required access space, so called circulation space, occupies again a pretty large proportion of the small level space in this house type. Besides, the sanitary equipments are generally installed in each level of row houses in Taiwan for convenience although it doesn’t have to. The stairs, access space and sanitaria take nearly 30?Z0of space from houses of this type, so that the space composition seems ineffkient (s. table 7). Table 7: Proportion of space in a Taiwanese row house space publtc space individual circulation sanitaria space 0/0 26.10 40.35 20.07 8.21 © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 The Smtainuble city II 241 3 Usage of the row houses 3.1 Usage and variability of indoor spaces Normally the function of living room, dinning room and master bedroom in a Taiwan’s row house is fixed.
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