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Jews in Post-Holocaust Germany, 1945-1953 Jay Howard Geller Index More Information Cambridge University Press 0521833531 - Jews in Post-Holocaust Germany, 1945-1953 Jay Howard Geller Index More information Index Abs, Hermann Josef, 233–235, 236, antisemitism, 79, 120, 124, 125–126, 127, 237–238, 254, 256 132–133, 137, 138, 142, 144–146, 147, Adenauer, Konrad: address to the 237, 245, 250, 264, 266; Communist Bundestag on reparations, 226–229;as antisemitism (see also East Germany, chancellor of West Germany, 14, 71, Communist attitude toward Jewish 79–83, 131, 135, 185, 186–188, 196, 197, communities), 19, 99, 112, 118–121, 162, 200, 205, 207, 213, 214–215, 218, 165–166, 167, 169–174, 181, 272, 275, 219–220, 221–223, 225–227, 231–232, 293; in Eastern Europe, 18, 28, 34, 38, 234–238, 243–244, 246–247, 249, 250, 43, 288 251, 253–254, 256, 258, 259, 263, 269, Arab denunciation of Israel, 225 290, 291–292, 293; as chairman of the Arab opposition to reparations, 239, CDU, 134, 136, 245–246; former 246–247, 249–250, 252 supporters of the Nazi regime and, 139, Arndt, Adolf, 193, 236 143; as mayor of Cologne, 19, 135–136; Association of Victims of the Nazi Regime motivation for supporting reparations, (VVN), 104–106, 192; Communist 253–254; religious faith, 136–137; infiltration of, 105–106, 154; Rosh Hashanah greetings from, 71, establishment of, 101–103; internal 187 debates, 114; Jewish membership in, 103, Adenauer, Max, 138 104–106 Adler-Rudel, Shalom, 195 Auerbach, Philipp, 47, 49, 50, 64, 65, 69, Allgemeine Wochenzeitung der Juden in 76, 81–82, 83–85, 132, 190, 194, Deutschland, 175, 194, 197–200, 214, 228, 208–211, 281 238, 265, 278 Austria, 62 Allschoff, Ewald, 282, 283 Axis Victims League, 80 Altmaier, Jakob, 131, 133, 186, 192–193, 204, 207, 217, 222, 225, 226, 232–233, Baden, Hermann, 177–178, 179, 181–182 239, 243, 255 Baden, Superior Council of Israelites in, 46 American Federation of Labor, 129 Baeck, Leo, 81, 228, 240, 265, 278 American Jewish Committee (AJC), 36, 83, Baer, Leonhard, 282 129–131, 151, 165–166, 170, 205, 228; Bartel, Walter, 103, 105 view of the Central Council of Jews in Bauer, Fritz, 131, 295 Germany, 86, 88 Baumgartner, Josef, 145 American Joint Distribution Committee Bavaria, 143–144 (AJDC), 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 31, 43–44, 55, Bavaria state government, 208 66, 107, 170, 172, 181, 241, 248, 273, Bavarian Party, 152, 155–156; stance on 276, 280 reparations, 156 American zone of occupation, 18, 22, Bebel, August, 125 30–31, 33, 38; overcrowding, 28, 35, 39, Bendit, Willi, 176 288 Ben-Gurion, David, 33, 138, 231, 249 Amitay, Joseph, 170 Berger, G¨otz, 115–116 323 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521833531 - Jews in Post-Holocaust Germany, 1945-1953 Jay Howard Geller Index More information 324 Index Berger, Hans, 259 258–263, 293; reorganization, 257, Berlin, 144, 239, 241 280–285 Berlin city-state government (including Central Welfare Office of Jews in Germany, West Berlin), 65, 94, 204 202–203, 205, 216–217, 262, 274–276, Bernstein, Philip, 38, 39, 44, 54, 64 277, 280, 294 Besarin, Nikolai, 92 Christian Democratic Union (CDU), 19, Bevans, J. M., 36–37 95, 134–143, 146, 225, 260, 291; in East Bevin, Ernest, 35 Germany, 165–166; establishment of, Blachstein, Peter, 133 134, 135; interconfessional basis, 134, black market activity, 40, 41, 77 135, 140, 141; Jewish participation in, Blankenhorn, Herbert, 139, 188, 195, 234, 140–141; on reparations, 220, 245–246, 243, 250, 254–255, 258 250–251, 252 Blaustein, Jacob, 36 Christian Social Union (CSU), 134, Bl¨ucher, Franz, 146, 223, 228, 234, 239, 143–145; American military government 246, 249, 250, 256 view of, 145; reparations and Jewish B¨ohm, Franz, 140, 143, 146, 232, 234, issues, 144–145, 220, 251 235–238, 243, 254–255, 256 Claims Conference, 219, 229–230, Bonn, 206, 216 240–244, 247–248, 260, 263, 276–280 Bott, Hans, 265 Clay, Lucius, 36, 42, 66, 70 Brandenburg state government, 121 Clichy, Everitt, 196 Brandt, Heinz, 99 Cohen, Henry, 41 Brandt, Willy, 224 collective guilt thesis, 62, 83, 190 Braunthal, Julius, 247 Cologne, 136–137, 138, 239 Brentano, Heinrich von, 225, 251 Communist Party of Germany (KPD), 152, Breslau (Wroclaw), 263 153–154, 198, 252; founding of Party of British zone of occupation, 18, 29–30, Socialist Unity (SED) and, 109–110; 31–33, 37, 64–65, 120; policy regarding Jewish participation in, 153, 154; ties to Jewish DPs, 33, 35, 37, 38–39, 56–57, 58, East Germany, 153 288 Congress of Liberated Jews in the Brotman, A. G., 37 American Zone: first, 33; second, 55, Buchholz, Peter, 19, 94 145; third, 66 Congress of Liberated Jews in the British Cahn, Max, 63, 69 Zone: first, 31, 34; second, 57 Cappel, Walter, 112 Council of Jews from Germany, 248, Cars, Max, 177–178, 179 279–280 Center Party, 134, 135, 136 Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Dahlem, Franz, 96–97, 101 the American zone, 43–45, 57, 66–67, Dehler, Thomas, 151, 191, 200, 212–214, 73, 78, 88, 206; recognition by U.S. 222–223, 228, 230, 255 authorities, 44–45 Deutscher Sportbund and reparations, 267 Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Diel, Jakob, 143, 250 the British zone, 31, 37, 57, 66, 195, displaced persons (DPs): 5–7, 17–18, 19, 207 21, 22–23, 29, 51–52, 54, 71, 288; desire Central Council of Jews in Germany, 2, to emigrate, 17, 24, 29, 30, 33, 34, 38, 4–5, 189, 197, 202–203, 206–207, 50, 55, 57, 288; physical condition, 209–212, 216–217, 219, 226, 227–228, 22–23, 38; relations with relief agencies, 251, 257, 260, 263, 267, 273–275, 293, 31, 40, 43–44; and the U.S. army, see 294; Bavarian Jewish community and, United States army, relations with Jewish 281–282; establishment of, 75, 83–88, DPs. See also Eastern European Jews 289; participation of East German Jewry displaced persons camps, 17, 21, 23–26, 29; in, 84, 179–180, 276, 294; relations with Bergen-Belsen, 18, 29–30, 33, 67; Claims Conference, 240–243, 247–248, F¨ohrenwald, 41; Landsberg, 41; living 258, 276–277; relations with West conditions, 23–25, 26, 27, 28, 38, 57, German government, 87, 89, 185, 288; police and, 40–41, 55; political 204–206, 211–212, 214–215, 218, organization (see also Central Committee © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521833531 - Jews in Post-Holocaust Germany, 1945-1953 Jay Howard Geller Index More information Index 325 of Liberated Jews), 17–18, 29, 30, 31, 51; Ferencz, Benjamin, 203, 217 St. Ottilien, 31; Stuttgart, 40 Filbinger, Hans, 143 Dobbert, Alfred, 126 Fran¸cois-Poncet,Andr´e, 213 doctors’ plot, 174 Frankfurt, 206, 239 D¨oring, Wolfgang, 151 Free Democratic Party (FDP), 72, 146–152, Dreifuss, Julius, 47, 76, 132, 229, 258–259, 291; establishment of, 146; internal 282 divisions, 146–148, 159; on reparations Dresden, 166 and Jewish issues, 146, 152, 191–192, D¨usseldorf, 144, 216 201, 249–250, 252; right wing of, 150–151, 198 Easterman, Alexander, 73, 83, 220 French zone of occupation, 18, 58, 279 Eastern European Jews, 17, 20, 29, 30–31; Fried, Heinz, 166 relations with German Jews, see German Friedensburg, Ferdinand, 65, 141–142 Jews Friedl¨ander, Kurt, 119 East German government: Finance Friedman, Michel, 140 Ministry, 161, 164; Interior Ministry, 164; Frowein, Abraham, 232, 234, 243, 278 Main Division for Ties to Churches, 161, 165, 166–168, 292; State Secretariat for Galinski, Heinz, 82, 84–85, 86, 95–96, 103, Church Matters, 168, 184 105, 106, 108, 142, 163, 179–180, 202, East Germany: Communist attitude toward 205, 206, 211, 215, 230, 241, 248, 261, Jewish communities in, 91, 118–119, 172, 272–275, 277, 281, 282–284, 290 292; condition of Jewish community in, Ganther, Heinz, 266–267 108–109; constitution of, 160–161, 164; George, Manfred, 265 establishment of, 160; flight of Jews German Conference of Rabbis, 285 from, 175–176, 272–276, 294; German Democratic Party, 147, 165, foundation of Jewish communities in, 183 90, 91–96, 119; religion in, 160–161, 184; German Democratic Republic, see East reparations to Jews in, see reparations, Germany debates in East Germany German Jews, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 29, 30–31, Ebert, Friedrich, 106, 161, 163–164, 179 37, 52, 53, 60–66, 213, 288; frustration Eife, Chaskiel, 76, 85 with political and economic situation, Eisler, Gerhart and Hilde, 175 60; political representation of German Eisenhower, Dwight, 25, 26–27 Jews (see also Central Council of Jews in Eisenstaedt, Leo, 108, 118, 164 Germany; Interest-Representation of the emigration: to Palestine, 2, 25, 28, 34–35, Jewish Communities), 45–51, 64, 73; 38, 49, 54, 67, 220; to the United States, relations with Eastern European Jews, 36, 67. See also displaced persons, desire 29, 30, 31, 34, 37, 46, 48–49, 50–51, to emigrate 53–54, 57, 63, 73–78, 88, 197, 281–282, Enke, Helmut, 178–179 287, 289; relations with Jewish groups Epstein, Curt, 65, 73, 76 abroad, 62–63, 88–89. See also Jews in Equalization of Burdens policy, 157 Germany Erhard, Ludwig, 228–229, 234, 236 German Party (DP), 152, 154–155, 198, Eschwege, Helmut, 110, 169, 174, 175 224, 239, 252; stance on reparations, 155 Fabian, Hans-Erich, 61, 64, 96, 108 German People’s Party (DVP), 147 Falk, Bernhard, 136 German Reich Party (DRP), 198 Fechner, Max, 113, 116 Gerstenmaier, Eugen, 140, 246, 250, 252 Federal Compensation Law, 244, 267–272, Geschke, Ottomar, 103 276; deficiencies, 270–272 Globke, Hans, 82, 143, 189, 193, 198 Federal Republic of Germany, see West Gohr, Arnold, 166 Germany Goldhammer, Bruno, 175 Federation of Liberated Jews in the Goldmann, Nahum, 14, 21, 33, 83, 150, American Zone, see Congress of 203–204, 207, 212, 219, 226, 231, 234, Liberated Jews in the American Zone, 236, 237–238, 239, 241, 243, 248, 253,
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