Übersicht Der Flora Von Korfu

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Übersicht Der Flora Von Korfu Braunschweiger Geobotanische Arbeiten • • Übersicht der Flora von Korfu Floristic Investigations of Corfu Ionian Islands / Greece Olaf Borkowsky Braunschweig 1994 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 Braunschweiger Geobotanische Arbeiten Übersicht der Flora von Korfu Floristic Investigations of Corfu Ionian Islands / Greece Olaf Borkowsky Braunschweig 1994 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 Braunschweiger Geobotanische Arbeiten Hrsg, von Dietmar Brandes Heft 3 Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Braunschweig ISBN 3-927115-22-3 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Seite Abstract 3 1. Einleitung 5 1.1 Methoden 5 1.2 Historischer Überblick 6 1.3 Geographie und Geologie 12 1.3.1 Geographische Lage 12 1.3.2 Geologie und Geomorphologie 12 1.3.3 Klima 14 1.4 Floristische Ergebnisse 16 1.5 Kurzbeschreibung ausgesuchter Vegetationseinheiten Korfus 24 1.5.1 Olivenhaine 25 1.5.2 Relikte der sommergrünen Wälder 27 1.5.3 Macchia und Phrygana 28 1.5.4 Strandvegetation und Küstensümpfe 3 0 1.6 Bemerkungen zur Sippenliste 32 2. Übersichtsliste der Flora von Korfu 35 3 Literatur 157 Anhang 165 I. Erste Zusammenstellung von Neophythen fremder Erdteile 165 II. Liste einiger auf Korfu kultivierter Sippen 167 III. Auszugsliste (mit näheren Fundortangaben) einiger Kultur­ pflanzen, die subspontan auf Korfu Vorkommen, deren Verwilderungsstatus jedoch fraglich ist 170 IV. Liste von Sippen, die bisher nicht auf Korfu, jedoch auf naheliegenden Inseln angetroffen wurden 173 V. Liste der auf Korfu angetroffenen Sippen 174 VI. Liste der Pflanzensammler auf Korfu 201 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 ÜBERSICHT DER FLORA VON KORFU - IONISCHE INSELN - GRIECHENLAND - ABSTRACT Corfu (Kerkira) is one of the northern Ionian Islands, situated at the west coast of Greece, opposite to the frontier of Greece and Albanian. The geogr. situation is: latitude 39°22' to 39°48' north, longitude 19°40' to 20°08' east (Source: Greek Government charts of 1959-1988, with later corrections 1991). Since the 19th century - especially between 1860 and 1915 - many botanists and plant-collectors have visited Corfu, attracted by its rich flora and vegetation. The knowledge of vascular plants, observed on Corfu up to this time was compiled in "Conspectus Florae Graecae" by E. de HALACSY (1901-1912). From World War I to 1970 the botanical activities in Corfu were limited. During the recent years especially the floristic investigations by A. HANSEN ("Additions to and notes on the Flora of Corfu and Vidos", 1982) and by O. GEORGIOU ("The flora of Kerkira. A contribution", 1988) have resulted in two outstanding publications. The floristic list of A. HANSEN includes about 330 Taxa (187 are new records). The list of O. GEORGIOU includes 343 taxa with 39 species which were reported about Corfu for the first time. But up to this day an actual complete compilation of the known plants of Corfu is lacking. The floristic investigation in the present study was carried out in nine periods within march and june (ca. 30 weeks). During this time approximatlyl410 species were found in Corfu. The list of plants, collected and observed by the author, was completed by recorded taxa of vascular plants in various publications from 1859 to 1988, for example by A. MOUSSON (1859), F. UNGER (1862), G. C. SPREIZENHOFER (1877-1878), E. de HALASCY (1901-1912), A. HANSEN (1982), O. GEORGIOU (1988), D.K. den BOUMEESTER & E. WILLING (1988) ... My grateful thanks to Prof. Dr. D. BRANDES, who contributed information and collected plants (1993) to this study. Recorded references to plants, of the islands Paxi (GEORGLADIS, IATROU, & GEORGIOU 1986), Erikoussa (GEORGLADIS 1985) and Othoni (GEORGLADIS 1983) - all of them close to Corfu - are cited also. This present floristic compilation includes 129 plant-families. Together 1410 taxa are listed (1342 spontaneous and subspontaneous species). Ca. 500 of them are not recorded as occuring on Corfu in the evaluated publications up to this time. https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 Adress of author: Borkowsky, Olaf - Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten der Technischen Universität - Arbeitsgruppe Geobotanik und Biologie höherer Pflanzen, Prof Dr. D. Brandes - Gaußstr. 7 - 38106 Braunschweig - Germany https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 1. EINLEITUNG Flora und Vegetation der Insel Korfu haben seit dem Beginn des 19. Jahrhundert das Interesse von Botanikern verschiedener Länder geweckt. Bis heute ist jedoch nicht der Versuch unternommen worden, eine aktuelle Gesamtsippenliste der Insel zusammenzustellen. Auch wenn es aus verschiedenen Gründen zu früh ist, eine "Flora von Korfu" mit dem Anspruch der Vollständigkeit zu veröffentlichen, ist es zum jetzigen Zeit­ punkt doch möglich, das floristische Inventar der Insel umfassender darzustellen. Die Notwendigkeit einer Übersicht der Flora ergab sich bei den Arbeiten an einer in Vorbereitung befindlichen Dissertation über die Naturschutzaspekte von Oli­ venhainen auf Korfu. Das floristische Inventar der Haine sollte u.a. mit der Ge­ samtflora der Insel in Relation gesetzt werden, da der Biotoptyp Olivenhain nicht losgelöst von den ihn umgebenden Nachbarbiotopen gesehen werden kann. In den sehr vielgestaltig ausgeprägten Hainen sind nach ersten Schätzungen ca. 70% der auf Korfu anzutreffenden Sippen vertreten. Ein Großteil der korfiotischen Flora konnte daher über die Vegetationsaufhahmen in den Olivenhainen und in den angrenzenden Nachbarbiotopen erfaßt werden. Durch exemplarische Bearbeitung der verbleibenden Hauptvegetationseinheiten wurde der Überblick über die Gesamtflora Korfus ergänzt. 1.1 METHODEN Die Grundlage dieser floristischen Übersicht sind 10 Untersuchungsperioden während der Monate März - Juni in den Jahren 1983 bis 1994. Die jeweilige Auf­ enthaltsdauer lag zwischen zwei bis drei Wochen sowie bis zu drei Monaten in den Jahren 1990/91 und 1993. Im September und Oktober 1993 wurde der Herbstaspekt der Flora bearbeitet. Insgesamt wurden während 32 Wochen Feldarbeit über 2000 Herbarbelege gesammelt. Floristisch ausgewertet wurden Vegetationsaufhahmen der Hauptbiotoptypen Korfus: Olivenhaine, die Relikte "Laubabwerfender Wälder", Macchien, Phrygana, landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen, Lagunen, Strände, Felsfluren und tempo­ rär sowie perenniemd wasserführende Bäche, Flüsse und Erosionsrinnen. https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 Die vorliegende Übersicht der korfiotischen Flora beinhaltet neben den eigenen Funden aus diesen Jahren primär die aktuellen Sippenlisten von A. HANSEN (1982), O. GEORGIOU (1988) und die von D.K. den BOUMEESTER & E. WILLING (1988) gemeldeten Orchideen. Die von E. BIONDI (1988) veröf­ fentlichten pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen zur Küstenvegetation Korfus wur­ den floristisch ausgewertet. Eine 1993 erstellte Liste, in der auf Korfu beobachtete und herbarisierte Sippen von D. BRANDES aufgeführt sind, konnte ebenfalls in die vorliegende Übersicht integriert werden. Berücksichtigt wurden ferner frühe Fundangaben von A. MOUSSON (1859), F. UNGER (1862), G. C. SPREIZENHOFER (1877- 1878) und E. de HALASCY (1901-1912) sowie die in der Kartei des Herbar Patras (UPA) verzeichneten Arten aus Korfu. Hinweise auf Sippen der benach­ barten Inseln Paxi (GEORGIADIS u.a. 1986), Erikoussa (GEORGLADIS 1985) und Othoni (GEORGIADIS 1983, 257 Sippen) fließen in die Übersicht mit ein. Die Nomenklatur sowie die Ordnung der Familien und Arten richtet sich im we­ sentlichen nach Flora d'Italia, Bd. I-III (PIGNATTI 1982), da diese aktuelle Flora ca. 90% der auf Korfu anzutreffenden Sippen erfaßt. Im übrigen wurde die Nomenklatur der Flora Europaea (TUTIN et al. 1964-1980) und der Med- Checklist (GREUTER et al. 1984) berücksichtigt. 1.2 HISTORISCHER ÜBERBLICK Erste systematische Untersuchungen zur korfiotischen Flora und umfangreiche Sammeltätigkeiten für europäische Herbarien setzten erst im 19. Jahrhundert ein. Von 1800 bis heute sind uns ca. 60 Botaniker bekannt, die zur Kenntnis der kor­ fiotischen Flora durch Sammeltätigkeiten beigetragen haben. Eine Übersicht die­ ser Sammler ist im Anhang zu finden. Der Italiener M.T. PIERI verzeichnete in seinen Veröffentlichungen aus den Jahren 1808-1824 ca. 200 Pflanzenarten, die er auf Korfu angetroffen hatte. Ein weiterer italienischer Botaniker, A. D. MAZZLARI, bereiste in den Jahren 1817-1857 die Ionischen Inseln und legte eine umfangreichere Sammlung an. Teile der gesammelten Gefäßpflanzen wurden von seinem Zeitgenossen, dem Bo­ taniker M. TOMMASINI, verwahrt und später dem Museum für Naturgeschichte von Triest übergeben. https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202007220856-0 Der Schweizer Professor A. MOUSSON besuchte im September 1858 "Korfu und Cefallonien". Neben einigen geologischen und klimatischen Bemerkungen über die Insel erwähnt er ca. 50 Gefäßpflanzen. Die in seiner Veröffentlichung erwähnten Arten wurden jedoch nicht mit ihren wissenschaftlichen Namen be­ schrieben. Eine wichtige frühe Quelle, in der ca. 140 Sippen mit wissenschaftlichen Namen erwähnt werden, ist der 1862 herausgegebene Reisebericht von F. UNGER. Die von F. UNGER genannten Sippen sind in der vorliegenden Übersicht gekenn­ zeichnet. Bedeutende Veröffentlichungen aus der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts und vom Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts stammen von G. C. SPREIZENHOFER (1877-78),
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