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EU Gas Transmission Network Facilities Review

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EU Gas Transmission Network Facilities Review EU Gas Transmission Network Facilities Review Inventory, operation and failure modes of the main components of the EU gas system. An information source to gas risk assessments. Calisto, H. Gandossi, L. Rodríguez Gómez, N. Bolado Lavín, R. 2020 EUR 30470 EN This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever o n the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Ricardo BOLADO LAVÍN Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Westerduinweg 3, NL 1755 LE, Petten, The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Tel.: +31 (0) 224565349 EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC122592 EUR 30470 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-76-25201-6 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/338818 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Union, 2020 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. All content © European Union, 2020 How to cite this report: Calisto, H., Gandossi, L., Rodríguez Gómez, N., Bolado Lavín, R., EU Gas transmission network facilities review. Inventory, operation and failure modes of the main components of the EU gas system. An information source to gas risk assessments, EUR 30470 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-25201-6, doi:10.2760/338818, JRC122592. Contents Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 The European gas transmission network: past and future ............................................................................................................................6 2.1 The natural gas supply chain.......................................................................................................................................................................................6 3 Underground Storage Facilities ..............................................................................................................................................................................................8 3.1 Types and operation of UGS facilities .................................................................................................................................................................8 3.1.1 Depleted Fields.......................................................................................................................................................................................................9 3.1.2 Aquifers.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 3.1.3 Salt Caverns ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................10 3.2 The components of a gas storage facility ....................................................................................................................................................10 3.3 Characteristics of the underground storage ............................................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 The European UGS facilities ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.5 Main Failure Modes ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 4 LNG terminals......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16 4.1 Types of LNG terminals .................................................................................................................................................................................................16 4.2 Operation of LNG terminals....................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 4.3 An overview of LNG regasification terminals in EU .............................................................................................................................20 4.3.1 Belgium ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.2 Croatia......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.3 France .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.4 Greece.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.3.5 Italy ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 4.3.6 Lithuania ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 4.3.7 Malta.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 4.3.8 The Netherlands .................................................................................................................................................................................................23 4.3.9 Poland.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.3.10 Portugal...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.3.11 Spain ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24 4.3.12 United Kingdom .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 4.4 Main Failure Modes of LNG regasification plants..................................................................................................................................26
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