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Session 4: Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Law of Enforcement

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Session 4: Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Law of Enforcement Session 4: Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Law of Enforcement 4.2. The Conflicts between the Fundamental Rights of the Creditor and the Debtor General Reporter Prof. Á lvaro PEREZ-RAGONE, University of Cologne, Germany and LL.M., Civil Procedure Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile National Reporters (* Speaker) National Report: Argentina - Prof. Eduardo OTEIZA, Derecho Procesal Universidad de la Plata, Argentina National Report: Australia - William VAN_CAENEGEM and Kim WEINERT. Bond University National Report: Brasil- Prof. Luiz Guilherme MARINONI*, Sérgio Cruz ARENHART AND Gustavo OSNA , Procedural Law Universidad Federal de Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil National Report: Chile- Prof. Maite AGUIRREZÁ BAL, University Los Andes and Macarena VARGAS, Profesor University Diego Portales, Chile National Report: China - Fu YULIN*. Peking University Law School, Cao ZHIXUN. Ph.D. Candidate, Peking University Law School and Han JINGRU. Ph.D. Candidate, Peking University Law School, China National Report: Colombia- Prof. Jairo PARRA QUIJANO, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Colombia National Report: Croatia- Alan UZELAC. Chair Civil Procedure Law, Zagreb University, Croatia National Report: England - Prof. Neil ANDREWS, Profesor University of Cambridge, England National Report: France - Prof. Emmanuel JEULAND, University Paris 1, La Soborne, France National Report: Philippines - Prof. Pedro José F. BERNARDO. Partner, Kelvin Chia Partnership Adjunct Professor of Law, Ateneo Law School, Philippines National Report: Finland - Prof. Laura ERVO*. Professor of procedural law, University of Ö rebro, Sweden. Docent (Adjunct Professor) in procedural law at the Finnish Universities of Turku, Helsinki and Eastern Finland National Report: Germany (two national Reports) - Prof. Christoph A. KERN, Private and Procedural Law University of Lausanne and University of Heidelberg and Nikolaj A. FISCHER, Goethe-University Frankfurt a. M. National Report: Hungary - Prof. Miklós KENGYEL*, Chair of Civil Procedural Law and Legal Sociology, Faculty of Law, University of Pécs and Prof. Viktória HARSÁ GI*, Chair of Civil Procedure Law, Faculty of Law, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Hungary National Report: Italy - Prof. Remo CAPONI. Università degli Studi di Firenze and Pietro ORTOLANI, Max- Planck-Institute Luxemburg, Italy National Report:Korea - Prof. Choong-soo HAN*. Hanyang University, School of Law National Report: Netherland - Prof. Tom JONGBLOED, Utrecht University and Remme Verkerk, Netherland National Report: Portugal - Prof. José LEBRE DE FREITAS, University Classsic of Lisboa, Portugal National Report: Russia - Prof. Dmitry MALESHIN, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Russia National Report: Singapore - Prof. Jeffrey D. PINSLER. National University of Singapore National Report: Spain - Prof. Joan PICÓ I JUNOY*, University Rovira I Virgili, Spain National Report: Turkey - Av. Murat R. OZSUNAY National Report:Uruguay - Prof. Santiago PEREIRA CAMPOS. Derecho Procesal Universidad de Montevideo and Prof. Gabriel VALENTIN, Derecho Procesal en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de la República, Uruguay Alvaro PEREZ RAGONE (Chile) Á lvaro PEREZ-RAGONE* GENERAL REPORT THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE CREDITOR AND THE DEBTOR I. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL REMARKS I am one of those people who always count their blessings, and speaking before you now, I would like to start by saying that I have been very fortunate in two respects for this colloquium on the sub-subject of Enforcement Proceedings and the Conflict between the Fundamental Rights of the Creditor and Debtor. Firstly, I have had the honour of being chosen by very distinguished colleagues to act as the general reporter. Secondly, in preparing this report, I have been assisted by a team of very distinguished colleagues from many parts of the world (from Latin America, through Europe to Asia and Oceania) who have different ideas arising in connection with the machinery of enforcement1. I have always regarded enforcement as a key subject of procedure. Enforcement involves the machinery of society operating within the legal regime of the rule of Law and procedural fairness. Actions that undermine orders of the court or other enforceable titles have moral, social, economic, and even political connotations. 1.1. This report discusses the procedure by which judgments and other enforceable titles are enforced against the debtor for the benefit of individual and singular creditors and the conflicts between their fundamental rights. This process is * Prof. Dr. (University of Cologne /Germany) LL.M., Civil Procedure Department /Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Valparaíso/Chile). [email protected] 1 This a collective work, firstly there are those who gave direct transcriptions as contributions to the general report (main text and footnotes), without whose assistance this report would not be possible. I have opted, while preferring to the national reports as direct “copy-paste” to summarize the main contents of each contribution. I would like to thank the nationales reporters and really co-authors of this general report: Prof. Eduardo OTEIZA (Argentina), Prof. William VAN CAENEGEM and Prof. Kim WEINERT. (Australia), Prof. Dr. Luiz Guilherme MARINONI, Prof. Dr. Sérgio Cruz ARENHART AND Gustavo OSNA (Brazil), Prof. Dr. Maite AGUIRREZÁ BAL and Prof. Macarena VARGAS (CHILE), Prof. Yulin FU and the Ph.D. Candidates Zhixun CAO and Jingru HAN (China), Prof. Jairo PARRA QUIJANO (COLOMBIA), Prof. Mg. Alan UZELAC (CROATIA), PROF. Neil ANDREWS and Robert TURNER (CAMBRIDGE), PROF. Emmanuel JEULAND (FRANCE), Pedro José F. BERNARDO (PHILLIPINES), PROF. DR. Laura ERVO (FINNLAND), PROF. DR. Christoph A. KERN (GERMANY), PROF. DR. Nikolaj A. FISCHER (GERMANY), PROF. DR. Miklós KENGYEL AND PROF. DR. Viktória HARSÁ GI (HUNGARY), PROF. Remo CAPONI AND Pietro ORTOLANI (ITALY), PROF. Minoru YOSHIGAKI and Prof. Takuya HATTA (JAPAN), PROF. Choong- Soo HAN (KOREA), PROF. Tom JONGBLOED and Remme VERKERK (The Netherlands), Prof. Dr. José LEBRE DE FREITAS (PORTUGAL), PROF. DR. Joan , PICÓ I JUNOY (SPAIN), PROF. Santiago PEREIRA CAMPOS AND Gabriel VALENTÍN (URUGUAY). Additionally, because the English is not my native language I would like to thank Sophie Shaw, an outstanding Cambridge Faculty of Law student for the review and correction of this manuscript. Also I am grateful to my student assistant Vicente Tapia. Of course, all the formal and content mistakes are mine. International Association of Procedural Law Seoul Conference 2014 599 Session 4: Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Law of Enforcement distinct from insolvency procedures, which tend to a collective satisfaction for all creditors with a claim against the same debtor. Both procedures have common characteristics and features, and they are interconnected. In the most general terms, one of the basic goals of insolvency law is to provide a framework for dealing with the concurrence of interests and claims within a given system of ranking or priority. The manner in which the competing interests are balanced is not necessarily identical in all systems of insolvency law2. Each insolvency statute is drafted in the manner most regarded, in a particular legal system, as the most suitable to effectively pursue the underlying policy and prevailing purpose of the insolvency law, be it the protection of the debtor or his creditors or the preservation of employment3. 1.2. Enforcement proceedings entail coordination with, and cooperation of, a separate enforcement body. The public interest in legal certainty, transparency, and respect for fundamental rights assumes a major role in the enforcement process 4 . Although the singular civil enforcement process encompasses relevant features of substantive private law and party autonomy, it should not be forgotten that enforcement signifies the main moment where procedural devices can be tested in relation to the material right (credit) that is to be protected and satisfied from one side. From the other side should be test if the limitations to the property and person of debtor are reasonable5. The limitation of party autonomy in certain areas of enforcement (for example the possibility of creating and granting, without additional safeguards, an enforcement title different to a judgment), aims to protect the debtor against unjust enforcement proceedings against them. 6 This does not prevent the parties from agreeing, as is permitted in declaratory proceedings, to an advance waiver of the use of certain defences or exceptions that remain within the framework of respect for autonomy and free disposal of the parties. In the enforcement context, there are also other limitations seen in the enforcement context on certain objects or the choice of the enforcement proceeding to be applied, as well as the exclusion of the possibility of creating or abolishing (or even annulling) the right of the parties to access the enforcement proceedings as creditor, debtor or interested third party. Enforcement proceedings should be a place for the rights of both parties and their interests to be balanced adequately. 7 2 STAMM, Jürgen, Die Prinzipien und Grundstrukturen des Zwangsvollstreckungsrechts, ( Tübingen: Mohr, 2007), p. 19-45. 3 COLE, G. Marcus, Il Diritto concursuale statunitense in un contesto globale, in BONFATTI, Sido e FALCONE, Giovanni (ed.), Soluzione Negoziale E Istituti Preconcorsuali Nella Gestione Delle Crisi, (Milano: Giuffrè Editore, 2013),
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