Department of Defense Plan for the Redirection of Border Wall Funds
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Border Fence Presentation
Secura Fence System by Alabama Metal Industries Corporation U.S. / Mexico Border San Diego, CA Sector Pacific Ocean to the Otey Mesa Crossing Retired General Michael Hayden recently addressed a meeting of the Metals Service Center Institute. General Hayden was appointed to the post of the Director of National Security Agency and served from 1999- 2005. From April 2005 to May 2006 General Hayden was the number one intelligence officer in the country and in this capacity he oversaw the entire intelligence community, including the CIA, NSA, the National Geospatial – Intelligence Agency and the National Reconnaissance Office. In 2006 General Hayden served as the Director of the CIA. General Hayden addressed the Institute on the four hot spots in the world that jeopardize the security of the United States. Number one on his list was Iran. Number two, and this came as a real surprise to the Institute was Mexico, followed by Al Qaeda, and then North Korea. Mexico being so close to the United States and so high on his list of hot spots should not be underestimated. In 1997 the San Diego Sector of the U.S. border with Mexico was the number one illegal crossing point on the entire US / Mexico border. Because of the illegal crossing activity this area was identified for the first installation of new security border fencing. The area designated actually extended 1/4-mile out in the Pacific Ocean and eastward 16 miles to the Otey Mesa Border Crossing. This new fence was designed and installed to replace the old fence made from World War II landing mats. -
Walls and Fences: a Journey Through History and Economics
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Vernon, Victoria; Zimmermann, Klaus F. Working Paper Walls and Fences: A Journey Through History and Economics GLO Discussion Paper, No. 330 Provided in Cooperation with: Global Labor Organization (GLO) Suggested Citation: Vernon, Victoria; Zimmermann, Klaus F. (2019) : Walls and Fences: A Journey Through History and Economics, GLO Discussion Paper, No. 330, Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/193640 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Walls and Fences: A Journey Through History and Economics* Victoria Vernon State University of New York and GLO; [email protected] Klaus F. Zimmermann UNU-MERIT, CEPR and GLO; [email protected] March 2019 Abstract Throughout history, border walls and fences have been built for defense, to claim land, to signal power, and to control migration. -
Gao-21-372, Southwest Border
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Requesters June 2021 SOUTHWEST BORDER Schedule Considerations Drove Army Corps of Engineers' Approaches to Awarding Construction Contracts through 2020 GAO-21-372 SOUTHWEST BORDER Schedule Considerations Drove Army Corps of Engineers' Approaches to Awarding Construction Contracts through 2020 June 2021 Highlights of GAO-21-372, a report to congressional requesters Border Barrier Obligations, Fiscal Years 2018–2020 Why This Matters Following a 2019 Presidential Declaration of National Emergency, billions of dollars were made available for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ use on border barrier construction. This report provides information on the Corps’ contracting for border barriers during fiscal years 2018–2020. Key Takeaways Some Department of Defense funding was only available for a short time before expiring, giving the Corps a tight schedule for awarding contracts. This—and the emergency declaration—led the Corps to depart from its planned acquisition approach. The Corps focused on starting construction quickly and How GAO Did This Study maximizing the miles of border barrier panels it could build. To do so, it: We reviewed all of the border barrier construction contracts the Corps awarded for projects from fiscal • Awarded $4.3 billion in noncompetitive years 2018 through 2020. We also reviewed relevant contracts. Competition helps ensure the federal procurement data and interviewed Corps and government gets a good price. Department of Homeland Security officials. • Started work before agreeing to terms. The Corps awarded several contracts before terms, such as What GAO Recommends barrier specifications and cost, were finalized. The Corps should assess the approaches used to build By focusing on expediency in contracting, the the border barriers and, as appropriate, reassess its government risks paying higher costs. -
Border Restrictions Updated 6 April 2021
Please note, although we endeavour to provide you with the most up to date information derived from various third parties an d sources, we cannot be held accountable for any inaccuracies or changes to this information. Inclusion of company information in this matrix does no t imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities. Logistics Cluster /WFP maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable serv ice provider. If you have any updates to share, please email them to: [email protected] Border Restrictions Updated 6 April 2021 State / Territory Restrictions (Other Info) Restriction Period Source of Info URL / Remarks State of Emergency is extended until 18 April 2021. Color-coded system to guide response. Current level is Code Blue. All entry permits suspended until further notice. All travellers must provide negative COVID-19 test results within 72 hours before arrival and are subject to full quarantine of 14 days. Moreover, the American Samoa traveller is required to disclose if he/she had a positive result prior to testing negative. American Samoa Until 18 April 2021 Government, 19 March https://www.americansamoa.gov/ Cargo flights into the Territory to deliver or retrieve cargo or mail will be allowed, provided that each 2021 occupant of the plane must furnish proof to the Director of Health of a negative COVID-19 test results within 72 hours before arrival, and further provided tht no one will disembark withouth the prior written approval of the Governor. -
International Boundary Cities: the Debate of Transfrontier Planning in Two Border Regions
Volume 31 Issue 3 Summer 1991 Summer 2020 International Boundary Cities: The Debate of Transfrontier Planning in Two Border Regions Lawrence A. Herzog Recommended Citation Lawrence A. Herzog, International Boundary Cities: The Debate of Transfrontier Planning in Two Border Regions, 31 Nat. Resources J. 587 (2020). Available at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol31/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resources Journal by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. LAWRENCE A. HERZOG* International Boundary Cities: The Debate on Transfrontier Planning in Two Border Regions** ABSTRACT For the first time in modern history, large-scale cities are evolving along the borders of nation-states. The settlement pattern is one in which urban residents on either side of the boundary are enmeshed in a singularfunctional region, or "transfrontiermetropolis." Eco- logical resources are shared within these common transboundary living spaces. Environmental problems such as sewage contamina- tion, hazardous waste spillage, or air pollution are also shared. While cooperative transborderplanning has been proposed as a means for resolving these problems, it is not clear that such an approachworks. This article examines the transfrontierpolicy debate for two important boundary regions: Western Europe and the U.S.- Mexico border. Western Europe'srecord of transfrontiercooperation is critically reviewed. While the volume of transfrontierplanning projects has mushroomed there during the past decade, many struc- tural obstacles to long term cooperation remain. -
The Rough Road Ahead
THE ROUGH ROAD AHEAD A tasing death in a small town Red alert for Colorado River Poet Alberto Vol. 52 / March 2021 No. 3 • hcn.org Ríos on Nogales EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/PUBLISHER Greg Hanscom INTERIM EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Katherine Lanpher ART DIRECTOR Cindy Wehling FEATURES DIRECTOR McKenna Stayner MANAGING DIGITAL EDITOR Gretchen King ASSOCIATE EDITORS Emily Benson, Paige Blankenbuehler, Graham Lee Brewer, Maya L. Kapoor PHOTO EDITOR Roberto (Bear) Guerra ASSOCIATE PHOTO EDITOR Luna Anna Archey ASSISTANT EDITORS Jessica Kutz, Carl Segerstrom, Anna V. Smith EDITOR AT LARGE Betsy Marston COPY EDITOR Diane Sylvain CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Elena Saavedra Buckley, Ruxandra Guidi, Michelle Nijhuis, Jonathan Thompson CORRESPONDENTS Nick Bowlin, Leah Sottile, Sarah Tory EDITORIAL FELLOWS Homes on the Fort McDermitt Paiute Shoshone Reservation in the Quinn River Valley, with the Santa Rosa Mountains Jessica Douglas, Brandon Yadegari Moreno rising in the background, in Humboldt County, Nevada. Russel Albert Daniels / HCN EDITORIAL INTERNS Surya Milner, Wufei Yu DIRECTOR OF PHILANTHROPY Alyssa Pinkerton SENIOR DEVELOPMENT OFFICER Paul Larmer CHARITABLE GIVING ADVISOR Clara Fecht DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES Hannah Stevens, Carol Newman DIRECTOR OF PRODUCT & MARKETING Gary Love MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER Michael Schrantz EVENTS & BUSINESS PARTNER COORDINATOR Laura Dixon IT MANAGER Alan Wells DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS Erica Howard ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT Mary Zachman Know CUSTOMER SERVICE MANAGER Kathy Martinez CUSTOMER SERVICE Karen Howe, Mark Nydell, Pamela Peters, Tammy York the GRANT WRITER Janet Reasoner FOUNDER Tom Bell BOARD OF DIRECTORS Brian Beitner (Colo.), John Belkin (Colo.), West. Seth Cothrun (Ariz.), Jay Dean (Calif.), Bob Fulkerson (Nev.), Wayne Hare (Colo.), Laura Helmuth (Md.), Samaria Jaffe (Calif.), High Country News is an independent, reader-supported nonprofit 501(c)(3) media organization that covers the important Nicole Lampe (Ore.), Marla Painter (N.M.), issues and stories that define the Western U.S. -
CBP Has Improved Southwest Border Technology, but Significant Challenges Remain
CBP Has Improved Southwest Border Technology, but Significant Challenges Remain February 23, 2021 OIG-21-21 OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL Department of Homeland Security Washington, DC 20528 / www.oig.dhs.gov February 2, 2021 MEMORANDUM FOR: Troy A. Miller Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Commissioner U.S. Customs and Border Protection FROM: Joseph V. Cuffari, Ph.D. Digitally signed by JOSEPH V JOSEPH V CUFFARI Inspector General Date: 2021.02.22 CUFFARI 15:16:43 -05'00' SUBJECT: CBP Has Improved Southwest Border Technology, but Significant Challenges Remain Attached for your action is our final report, CBP Has Improved Southwest Border Technology, but Significant Challenges Remain. We incorporated the formal comments provided by your office. The report contains three recommendations aimed at improving border security technology and situational awareness of the southwest border. Your office concurred with all three recommendations. Based on information provided in your response to the draft report, we consider all three recommendations resolved and open. Once your office has fully implemented the recommendations, please submit a formal closeout letter to us within 30 days so that we may close the recommendations. The memorandum should be accompanied by evidence of completion of agreed-upon corrective actions. Please send your response or closure request to [email protected]. Consistent with our responsibility under the Inspector General Act, we will provide copies of our report to congressional committees with oversight and appropriation responsibility over the Department of Homeland Security. We will post the report on our website for public dissemination. Please call me with any questions, or your staff may contact Thomas Kait, Acting Assistant Inspector General for Audits, at (202) 981-6000. -
CERN to Cross Border Into France
CCEJan/FebArchive11 23/1/06 16:45 Page 11 CERN COURIER ARCHIVE: 1963 A look back to CERN Courier vol. 3, January 1963 LOOKING AHEAD CERN to cross border into France The 23rd session of CERN Council was held on 19 December 1962, under the presidency THE ORGANIZATION of Mr Jean Willems (Belgium). The president CERN in a nutshell opened the session by a tribute to the memory of Prof. Niels Bohr, one of the The European Organization for Nuclear founders of CERN, who died on 18 November. Research (CERN) came into being in 1954 Commenting on the progress report of the as a cooperative enterprise among Organization, Prof. V F Weisskopf, the Director- European governments in order to regain a general, stated that “1962 was a decisive year first-rank position in nuclear science. At for CERN…which now has a healthy scientific present it is supported by 13 Member programme exploiting reasonably well the States, with contributions according to their opportunities of the two accelerators, within national revenues: Austria (1.92 %), the limits of our present state of development”. Belgium (3.78), Denmark (2.05), Federal In a statement concerning the programme Republic of Germany (22.47), France and budget, however, Prof. Weisskopf issued (18.34), Greece (0.60), Italy (10.65), a warning, pointing out that the success of our The size of the new experimental hall in the Netherlands (3.87), Norway (1.46), Spain laboratory does not mean that its facilities are East area of the PS can be seen in this aerial (3.36), Sweden (4.18), Switzerland (3.15), fully exploited. -
Kenya - Somalia Border Tel.: +254 20 4222000 Email: [email protected] Sources: UNHCR, Global Insight Digital Mapping © 1998 Europa Technologies Ltd
Geographic Information Systems and Mapping Unit UNHCR Regional Support Hub in Nairobi Kenya - Somalia Border Tel.: +254 20 4222000 Email: [email protected] Sources: UNHCR, Global Insight digital mapping © 1998 Europa Technologies Ltd. Overview Map The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. KEN_Somalia_Border_A3PC.WOR DambelDambel Daro Daro WarsaWarsa BurBur AminoAmino !!! !!! !!! ((( ((( !!! ((( ((( ((( !!! ((( ((( ((( !!! ((( ((( ((( MalkamariMalkamari ((( DoloDolo BayBay ((( WalgindaWalginda MalkamariMalkamari DoloDolo BayBay ((( ((( WalgindaWalginda ((( ((( DolloDollo AdoAdo ((( GayuGayu DodoDodo ChilagoChilagoChilago HullowHullow ((( DolloDollo AdoAdo DolloDollo AdoAdo !! ElgayElgayElgay SodigaSodigaSodiga ((( DoolowDoolow ElgayElgayElgay SodigaSodigaSodiga ((( AdiliAdiliAdili DoolowDoolow AdiliAdiliAdili ((( ((( ((( ((( ((( ((( ArdaArdaArda Garbicha GarbichaGarbicha ((( ((( DebureDebure ((( DidagemboDidagembo ((( DebureDebure DidagemboDidagembo ((( FiyakoFiyakoFiyako FiyakoFiyakoFiyako ((( FiyakoFiyakoFiyako ((( FiyakoFiyakoFiyako ((( ((( FiyakoFiyakoFiyako ((( ((( ((( ((( ((( ((( JimaJimaJimaJima Sidamo SidamoSidamoSidamo ((( !!! ((( ((( OdaOda JimaJimaJimaJima Sidamo SidamoSidamoSidamo ((( LulisLulisLulis RhamuRhamu DintoDinto !!! ((( OdaOda LuuqLuuq RhamuRhamu DintoDinto ((( LuuqLuuq HareriHareri ((( MelkaMelka SuftuSuftu HareriHareri !!! ((( DoloDolo Bella!Bella!Bella! ((( DoloDolo ETHIOPIAETHIOPIA !!! BellaBellaBella -
Mexico Border 2019 Update
Death, Damage, and Failure: Past, Present, and Future Impacts of Walls on the U.S.- Mexico Border 2019 Update Executive Summary 1 Executive Summary The report Death, Damage, and Failure: “Death, Damage, and Failure” analyzed the Past, Present, and Future Impacts of Walls on the well-documented impacts of existing border walls U.S.-Mexico Border, examined the border walls in order to predict the harm we can expect from built since the Prevention through Deterrence the erection of new walls. Although significant strategy was implemented in 1994. Prevention negative impacts from further wall construction are through Deterrence aimed to use militarization of unquestionable, the lack of knowledge regarding the southern border, including a rapid expansion exactly how many miles of wall would ultimately of the Border Patrol’s ranks and an unprecedented be built, and where they would go up, were major deployment of technology and border walls, in an impediments to making precise predictions. In effort to convince would-be border crossers that September 2018, when “Death, Damage, and apprehension was guaranteed or that crossing Failure” was released, Congress had provided was too dangerous to even try. Clear evidence the Trump administration with $1,912,000,000 to demonstrates that even as the number of agents replace existing barriers in California and Arizona, doubled, then doubled again, and barriers came convert 20 miles of vehicle barriers into border to line 654 miles of the U.S. southern border, walls in New Mexico, and to build entirely new border crossers were not deterred. Border walls border walls in Texas. -
Texas Border Security Monthly Brief
Texas Border Security June 2021 Strategic Intent The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) will work with its local and state partners to provide direct assistance to U.S. Customs and Border Protection to deter, detect and interdict smuggling along the Texas/Mexico border through the deployment of an integrated network of detection and communication technologies and an increase in ground, air and marine interdiction assets. DPS will work with its local and federal partners and the Border Prosecution Unit to degrade the smuggling infrastructure used by the cartel plaza bosses to smuggle drugs and people into Texas. The Texas Rangers will work with the Border Prosecution Unit and our federal partners to deter smuggling related corruption along the border by increasing the number of public corruption investigations, arrests and prosecutions. DPS will work with its local and federal partners to target transnational criminal activity including drug trafficking, labor trafficking, sex trafficking and money laundering in key Texas transshipment and trafficking centers and other impacted areas throughout the state. (I) DPS Deterrence and Detection Assets Deployed DPS enhances the level of detection coverage directly on the border through the deployment of motion detection cameras, day and night tactical boat patrols, helicopter patrols, and fixed wing aircraft patrols with FLIR and integrated communications technology. A. DPS Maritime Assets The State of Texas has deployed DPS and TPWD boats on the Rio Grande River to deter and detect smuggling activity. DPS Boats Assigned to the Border: Tactical Boats Deployed Pending Totals Shallow Water 6 -- 6 Extreme Shallow Jet 7 -- 7 Total 13 -- 13 1 B. -
The High Cost and Diminishing Returns of a Border Wall
The High Cost and Diminishing Returns of a Border Wall Building a fortified and impenetrable wall between the United States and Mexico is recurrently presented as a simple and universal solution to border security. The reality is that the construction of a border wall is not a meaningful replacement for more effective, cost-conscious enforcement measures. Those who persist in their demands for a wall ignore the financial, legal, and natural obstacles that make the wall an unviable option that would also lead to a series of negative consequences throughout the border region. This fact sheet provides context to the border security debate by highlighting some of the existing and imminent problems surrounding the construction of a new or expanded border barrier along the entire southwest border. Extensive physical barriers already exist along the U.S.-Mexico border. The U.S.-Mexico border is 1,954 miles long.1 Border security involves managing the flow of people and goods across the border and preventing the illegal entry of either into the United States. The existing border security infrastructure includes physical barriers, aerial surveillance, and technology. More than 21,000 Border Patrol agents—as well as other Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Justice (DOJ) personnel—staff ports of entry, Border Patrol stations, forward operating bases, and checkpoints.2 . Current physical barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border include those intended to prevent illegal border crossings by foot (pedestrian fencing) and impede vehicles from smuggling persons or contraband (vehicle fencing). Secondary and tertiary layers of fencing further impede illegal crossings.