Diversity of Habitable : , , and

Douglas N.C. Lin Dept of & , UC Santa Cruz Kavli Instute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Peking University

Earth- Instute: First Internaonal Symposium Tokyo Instute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. 3.30.2013

19 slides Anthropic Principle Brandon Carter 1983

• Astrophysical and cosmological theorists run the risk of error in the interpretaon of astronomical and cosmological informaon unless due account is taken of the biological restraints under which the informaon was acquired. (Strong Anthropic Principle)

• Biological theorists also run the risk of error in the interpretaon of the evoluonary records unless they take due heed of the astrophysical restraints under which evoluon took place. (Weak Anthropic Principle). 3/19 RV surveys: kinemac diversity

3/19 Gas giants: ubiquity

4/19 Transit surveys: size distribuon

5/19 Structural diversity

Ikoma

6/19 Sequenal assemblage of planets

Paradigm a) natural and robust outcome => planets are common shis: b) compeng processes => planetary diversity c) mobility => planetary systems’ probabilisc desnies 7/19 d) changing boundary condions => evolving habitable zones Super : some key issues • Did super Earths assemble in situ or form at large a and migrate?

Ida 8/19 Migraon of a Super in protostellar disk around a magnezed T Tauri . The Super Earth: (a) grows & migrate inward to inner-edge; (b) migrates slightly outwards with the expanding disk inner edge; (c) halts migrang aer gas is mostly depleted. (Ju et al 2013 in preparaon)

To model P distribuon KIAA undergraduate of Kepler’s new-found student Ju Wenhua planetary candidates. 9/19 now at Princeton U 32/42 New Candidate Catalog Close packing and stability of mulple systems

Dai

Hirano

Zheng

10/19 Dynamical perturbaon by Jupiter-like planets

A gas giant disrupted by a - like star as a result of planet-planet scaering or the Kozai effect. Nagasawa

By Shangfei Liu, Graduate Student @ KIAA, PKU 11/19 Many compeng physical processes Origin of diverse planetary structure

Ogilvie Li

Dai

Liu Zhu Laine Dobbs-Dixon, Wang

12/19 de Colle Potenal life-supporng plaorms: a) evolving habitable zones b) common habitable planets

1) Many cradles to start nave 2) Changing boundary condion as driving force for Darwinian evoluon 3) Many targets for 4) Prospects of stascal survey & analysis quantave proofs for genesis models

13/19 Opon 1: In situ origin of life on Earth

1) What makes Earth unique in SS? 2) What me scale is needed ? 3) Changing boundary condions as the driving force for evoluon

14/19 Opon 2:Panspermia difficult to verify

Ballisc (interplanetary) panspermia Litho (interstellar) panspermia

15/19 Directed (informaonal) panspermia Few show-stoppers. Possible => probable Liang Search for clustered distribuon and age of habited planets

versus

A systemac survey for bio-signatures on habitable planets. 1) Spaal and temporal distribuon 2) Dependence on stellar and planetary-system properes 16/19 Fermi’s paradox: WHERE IS ET? Ingredient for Darwinian Evoluon: Meta-stable informaon bases

Survival against obstacles and disasters: Exponenal growth & disseminaon of mutaon sexual genec reproducon

Adaptaon and compeon for resources: Natural selecon, expansionism, ``space filling’’.

Intelligence and self awareness: strategy for survival and proliferaon.

17/19 Fitness peaks & ``potenal’’ valleys

Passive versus acve local minima

Local, regional, and global minima 18/19

Advanced civilizaon may be 1 trapped into evoluonary holes 2 reached nonlinear saturaon, 3 under self-imposed equilibrium Summary

• Planet formaon is a series of robust, complex, compeve process. • Mulple paths of migraon during formaon and evoluon have produced the stascal properes of planetary systems. • Individual planets’ structure and planetary systems’ dynamical architecture are DIVERSE. • Comparave planetology is needed to understand the mean and dispersion in the boundary condions of habitable environments. • Weak anthropic principle provides a scienfic and philosophical basis for an interdisciplinary approach in the search for our roots & desny. • Characterizaon of will greatly expand our horizon with sites of ongoing biological and geological genesis and evoluon. • The discovery and systemac census of bio-signatures on habitable planets will provide historic paradigm-changing evidences to back up extraordinary speculaons. • May ELSI play a prominent and leading role in this excing scienfic endeavor and global, profound intellectual pursuit. 19/19