DOCSLIB.ORG

Bialgebra Cohomology, Deformations, and Quantum Groups (Hopf Algebra/Quantum Yang-Baxter Operator/Hodge Decomposition/Laplacian) MURRAY Gerstenhabert and SAMUEL D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bialgebra Cohomology, Deformations, and Quantum Groups (Hopf Algebra/Quantum Yang-Baxter Operator/Hodge Decomposition/Laplacian) MURRAY Gerstenhabert and SAMUEL D Proc. NatI. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 87, pp. 478-481, January 1990 Mathematics Bialgebra cohomology, deformations, and quantum groups (Hopf algebra/quantum Yang-Baxter operator/Hodge decomposition/Laplacian) MURRAY GERSTENHABERt AND SAMUEL D. SCHACKt tDepartment of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6395; and $Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-3093 Communicated by Nathan Jacobson, September 8, 1989 (received for review March 21, 1989) ABSTRACT We introduce cohomology and deformation way. The pair (A, B) is biseparable if pi:A 0 A -* A and A:B theories for a bialgebra A (over a commutative unital ring k) B ® B have, respectively, a section and a retraction in (A, such that the second cohomology group is the space of infini- B)-birep. Let 21.A -> A be the bar resolution of A, in which tesimal deformations. Our theory gives a natural identification 9J A = A0(q+2), and B -- CB be the dual cobar resolution of between the underlying k-modules of the original and the B. Then in the double complex C, (A, B) = Hom(AB)birep deformed bialgebra. Certain explicit deformation formulas are (L.A, IC B) the modules are Cghq(A, B) = Homl(AB)-birep given for the construction of quantum groups-i.e., Hopf (MqA, ICB) = HomJ(A-4, B®P), the columns are the Hoch- algebras that are neither commutative nor cocommutative schild cochain complexes C,(A, BeP) with coboundary ah, (whether or not they arise from quantum Yang-Baxter oper- and the rows are the "co-Hochschild" complexes Cc(AO, B) ators). These formulas yield, in particular, all GLq(n) and with coboundary 5B. (We frequently suppress A and B, SLq(n) as deformations of GL(n) and SL(n). Using a Hodge writing simply 8h and 5c.) The bialgebra cohomology H;(A, decomposition of the underlying cochain complex, we compute B) is the homology of the total complex C;(A, B) in which Cb our cohomology for GL(n). With this, we show that every = Ep)+q=,,+1Cg" (note degrees) and the coboundary ah is is to one in which the comul- deformation of GL(n) equivalent given by 5bJ0` = ah + (_1)6c. The lowest dimensional tiplication is unchanged, not merely on elements of degree one cohomology group, H, 7(A, B), is then always k. For appli- but on all elements (settling in the strongest way a decade-old cations to deformation theory we also consider the subcom- conjecture) and in which the quantum determinant, as an plex Ceb(A, B) in which the edges are replaced by zero element of the underlying k-module, is identical with the usual complexes. Its homology is H'(A, B) and we have H -1 = Ht one. = 0. An n-cochain FECE is thus an n-tuple (Fl, . ,F.,) with F, E Cii-i+1. The projections '- C)," and Cl' C1 thenl induce maps from H;(A, B) to the usual Hochschild and Section 1. Bialgebra Cohomology and the Laplacian coalgebra cohomologies which, for clarity, we denote Hh and and cobar resolutions produces A a with ,u and comultipli- Hc. Using the normalized bar Let be k-bialgebra multiplication a whose inclusion (* induces A. We write A®" for the tensor product A k. .. subcomplex (W6(A, B) C2hit cation q-fold a isomorphism. Likewise, H^(A, B) can be Ok A. The category of left A-modules has an internal tensor cohomology product: M i N is just M Ok N with the "diagonal" action computed using normalized cochains. a(m (0 n) = Ya(1)m 0 a(2)n, where Aa = Ya(1) (0 a(2). Dually, The sequence 0-> C s-> Cams C-/Ce-> 0 induces a long exact sequence which, for n . 0, is fi - Hb for left A-comodules M and N with structure maps km:M -> .... A Ok M and AN we define the left comodule M Q) N to be M -4 Hgh (A, k) (D HC'(k,B) The maps t and irare -> and the Ok N with AMEN = (p. 0 Id)T(AM 0 AN), where r is given by induced by (a, 0,) (ca, 0.,0, 5h13) by projec- tion C0 -+ C"',+ D C'". r(a 0 m 0 a' 0 n) = a 0 a' 0 m 0 n. Similarly, tensor For each map of pairs (A', B') -* (A, B) one can define, in products of bimodules and bicomodules are again such and analogy with ref. 1, the (A', B') relative cohomology of(A, B) we extend these notations to those cases. One consists of A as that of a relative cochain complex Cb(A, BIA', B'). An (ordered) bialgebra pair (A, B) bialgebras then has k) = B). The definition and the and B; an A-bimodule structure on B such that A:B -* B ® B C;(A, Blk, C;(A, A -> B B A theorem below (which has been obtained independently by is a bimodule map while the actions Ok B and Ok not -> a B-bicomodule struc- A. T. Giaquinto, a student of M.G.) do actually require B are coalgebra maps; and, dually, a or B' an Q3 -- a and that A' be coalgebra algebra. ture on A for which L: A A A is bicomodule map the inclusions the actions are algebra maps. Every bialgebra map f:A -> B THEOREM 1. If (A', B') is biseparable then C; (A, B')-> C,(A, B) and C(,(A, BIA', B') C(A, B) yields a pair in which, for example, the left actions A -> B Ok BIA', U A and A Ok B -> B are (f 0 Id)A and /L(f 0 Id). (The case induce cohomology isomorphisms. most important for us is A = B and f = Id.) Bialgebra pairs When C is a bialgebra, a k-split exact sequence 0 B C form a category in which a map (A', B') -> (A, B) consists of 2 A -O 0 is singular if it is such both as an algebra extension bialgebra maps A'-> A and B-> B' that are also, respectively, and as a coalgebra extension; that is, Tr is an algebra map a B'-bicomodule map and an A'-bimodule map. (making B a C-bimodule) and L is a coalgebra map (making A An A-bimodule M is a birepresentation of(A, B) if it is also a C-bicomodule) which, further, are respectively a C- a B-bicomodule in a compatible way; i.e., A 0 M -* M is a bicomodule map and a C-bimodule map. Equivalence classes B-bicomodule map, M -> M ® B is an A-bimodule map, and of singular extensions form, under Baer sum, an abelian the analogous conditions hold on the other sides. Both A and group that is then naturally isomorphic to Hb(A, B). B are examples, hence so are AGO and B®P for all q and p. As a k-module, Cgq(A, B) = Homk(A®q, B®P), so the Birepresentations form a category (A, B)-birep in an obvious boundary maps A®(q-1) -> A®" of 'f A and B®P -* B(P-1) of h.B induce ac:CPt-> Caps- 1 and dh:CPq v> CP 1v. The total = + then has The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge complex e((A, B) with ahlC.' (-l)"ah ac payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" homology groups Hf'(A, B) and a Laplacian A = abh + 5ba, in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. whose kernel we call the harmonic cochains. 478 Downloaded by guest on September 23, 2021 Mathematics: Gerstenhaber and Schack Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990) 479 THEOREM 2. C'(A, A) = kerA ED Ima,. E Im8b when A is k) replaced by 0. Both vanish for i >> 0 and HiJ = Hf'Jfor finite-dimensional over k = R8. A j>O. U Some topological conditions are likely needed for this to hold more generally. Section 3. The Cohomology of Matrix Bialgebras Since H,(A, B) is contravariant in A and covariant in B, any contravariant functor A from a small category to k- The bialgebra M = M(n) of n x n matrices is the polynomial bialgebras gives rise to a "global" cohomology, H;(A, A), as ring k[{xj}] in n2 variables with Axij = YrXir 0 Xrj. The Hopf in the case of algebras (cf. section 6 of ref. 2). An analog of algebras of the general linear group and the special linear the cohomology comparison theorem-reducing this co- group are denoted GL(n) and SL(n) and are respectively homology to that of a single bialgebra-may then hold. obtained by localizing M(n) at det X and then taking the Our cohomology theory has several extensions. We can quotient modulo det X - 1. Let Md be the subspace of define H,(N, M) for (A, B)-birepresentations as the homol- homogeneous elements of degree d in M(n). Then M = M(n) ogy of HOm(A)-birep(.N, TCM), where 5A.N is the bimodule = k + M1 + M2 + . and each Md is a subcoalgebra, dual bar resolution of N (in which MO4 = AS(q+1) X N!X AO((+')) to the dth symmetric power SdM(n) of the usual algebra M(n) and ?(M is the dual bicomodule cobar resolution. It is then ofn x n matrices. This, Theorem 5, and ref. 7 imply that M(n) a theorem that this agrees with our earlier definition when N is coseparable, so that HI'(-, M) = 0 for m + 0.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Change of Rings Theorems
    CHANG E OF RINGS THEOREMS CHANGE OF RINGS THEOREMS By PHILIP MURRAY ROBINSON, B.SC. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science McMaster University (July) 1971 MASTER OF SCIENCE (1971) l'v1cHASTER UNIVERSITY {Mathematics) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Change of Rings Theorems AUTHOR: Philip Murray Robinson, B.Sc. (Carleton University) SUPERVISOR: Professor B.J.Mueller NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 38 SCOPE AND CONTENTS: The intention of this thesis is to gather together the results of various papers concerning the three change of rings theorems, generalizing them where possible, and to determine if the various results, although under different hypotheses, are in fact, distinct. {ii) PREFACE Classically, there exist three theorems which relate the two homological dimensions of a module over two rings. We deal with the first and last of these theorems. J. R. Strecker and L. W. Small have significantly generalized the "Third Change of Rings Theorem" and we have simply re­ organized their results as Chapter 2. J. M. Cohen and C. u. Jensen have generalized the "First Change of Rings Theorem", each with hypotheses seemingly distinct from the other. However, as Chapter 3 we show that by developing new proofs for their theorems we can, indeed, generalize their results and by so doing show that their hypotheses coincide. Some examples due to Small and Cohen make up Chapter 4 as a completion to the work. (iii) ACKNOW-EDGMENTS The author expresses his sincere appreciation to his supervisor, Dr. B. J. Mueller, whose guidance and helpful criticisms were of greatest value in the preparation of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • QUIVER BIALGEBRAS and MONOIDAL CATEGORIES 3 K N ≥ 0
    QUIVER BIALGEBRAS AND MONOIDAL CATEGORIES HUA-LIN HUANG (JINAN) AND BLAS TORRECILLAS (ALMER´IA) Abstract. We study the bialgebra structures on quiver coalgebras and the monoidal structures on the categories of locally nilpotent and locally finite quiver representations. It is shown that the path coalgebra of an arbitrary quiver admits natural bialgebra structures. This endows the category of locally nilpotent and locally finite representations of an arbitrary quiver with natural monoidal structures from bialgebras. We also obtain theorems of Gabriel type for pointed bialgebras and hereditary finite pointed monoidal categories. 1. Introduction This paper is devoted to the study of natural bialgebra structures on the path coalgebra of an arbitrary quiver and monoidal structures on the category of its locally nilpotent and locally finite representations. A further purpose is to establish a quiver setting for general pointed bialgebras and pointed monoidal categories. Our original motivation is to extend the Hopf quiver theory [4, 7, 8, 12, 13, 25, 31] to the setting of generalized Hopf structures. As bialgebras are a fundamental generalization of Hopf algebras, we naturally initiate our study from this case. The basic problem is to determine what kind of quivers can give rise to bialgebra structures on their associated path algebras or coalgebras. It turns out that the path coalgebra of an arbitrary quiver admits natural bial- gebra structures, see Theorem 3.2. This seems a bit surprising at first sight by comparison with the Hopf case given in [8], where Cibils and Rosso showed that the path coalgebra of a quiver Q admits a Hopf algebra structure if and only if Q is a Hopf quiver which is very special.
    [Show full text]
  • Right Ideals of a Ring and Sublanguages of Science
    RIGHT IDEALS OF A RING AND SUBLANGUAGES OF SCIENCE Javier Arias Navarro Ph.D. In General Linguistics and Spanish Language http://www.javierarias.info/ Abstract Among Zellig Harris’s numerous contributions to linguistics his theory of the sublanguages of science probably ranks among the most underrated. However, not only has this theory led to some exhaustive and meaningful applications in the study of the grammar of immunology language and its changes over time, but it also illustrates the nature of mathematical relations between chunks or subsets of a grammar and the language as a whole. This becomes most clear when dealing with the connection between metalanguage and language, as well as when reflecting on operators. This paper tries to justify the claim that the sublanguages of science stand in a particular algebraic relation to the rest of the language they are embedded in, namely, that of right ideals in a ring. Keywords: Zellig Sabbetai Harris, Information Structure of Language, Sublanguages of Science, Ideal Numbers, Ernst Kummer, Ideals, Richard Dedekind, Ring Theory, Right Ideals, Emmy Noether, Order Theory, Marshall Harvey Stone. §1. Preliminary Word In recent work (Arias 2015)1 a line of research has been outlined in which the basic tenets underpinning the algebraic treatment of language are explored. The claim was there made that the concept of ideal in a ring could account for the structure of so- called sublanguages of science in a very precise way. The present text is based on that work, by exploring in some detail the consequences of such statement. §2. Introduction Zellig Harris (1909-1992) contributions to the field of linguistics were manifold and in many respects of utmost significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Deformations of Bimodule Problems
    FUNDAMENTA MATHEMATICAE 150 (1996) Deformations of bimodule problems by Christof G e i ß (M´exico,D.F.) Abstract. We prove that deformations of tame Krull–Schmidt bimodule problems with trivial differential are again tame. Here we understand deformations via the structure constants of the projective realizations which may be considered as elements of a suitable variety. We also present some applications to the representation theory of vector space categories which are a special case of the above bimodule problems. 1. Introduction. Let k be an algebraically closed field. Consider the variety algV (k) of associative unitary k-algebra structures on a vector space V together with the operation of GlV (k) by transport of structure. In this context we say that an algebra Λ1 is a deformation of the algebra Λ0 if the corresponding structures λ1, λ0 are elements of algV (k) and λ0 lies in the closure of the GlV (k)-orbit of λ1. In [11] it was shown, us- ing Drozd’s tame-wild theorem, that deformations of tame algebras are tame. Similar results may be expected for other classes of problems where Drozd’s theorem is valid. In this paper we address the case of bimodule problems with trivial differential (in the sense of [4]); here we interpret defor- mations via the structure constants of the respective projective realizations. Note that the bimodule problems include as special cases the representa- tion theory of finite-dimensional algebras ([4, 2.2]), subspace problems (4.1) and prinjective modules ([16, 1]). We also discuss some examples concerning subspace problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Bimodule Categories and Monoidal 2-Structure Justin Greenough University of New Hampshire, Durham
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 2010 Bimodule categories and monoidal 2-structure Justin Greenough University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Greenough, Justin, "Bimodule categories and monoidal 2-structure" (2010). Doctoral Dissertations. 532. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/532 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIMODULE CATEGORIES AND MONOIDAL 2-STRUCTURE BY JUSTIN GREENOUGH B.S., University of Alaska, Anchorage, 2003 M.S., University of New Hampshire, 2008 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics September, 2010 UMI Number: 3430786 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3430786 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 This thesis has been examined and approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensions of a Ring by a Ring with a Bimodule Structure
    EXTENSIONS OF A RING BY A RING WITH A BIMODULE STRUCTURE CARL W. KOHLS Abstract. A type of ring extension is considered that was intro- duced by J. Szendrei and generalizes many familiar examples, including the complex extension of the real field. We give a method for constructing a large class of examples of this type of extension, and show that for some rings all possible examples are obtained by this method. An abstract characterization of the extension is also given, among rings defined on the set product of two given rings. This paper is a sequel to [2 ], in which a class of examples was given of a type of ring extension defined in terms of two functions. Here we exhibit some other functions that may be used to construct such extensions, and show that in certain cases (in particular, when the first ring is an integral domain and the second is a commutative ring with identity), the functions must have a prescribed form. We also characterize this type of ring extension, which Szendrei defined di- rectly by the ring operations, in terms of the manner in which the two given rings are embedded in the extension. The reader is referred to [2] for background. Only the basic defini- tion is repeated here. Let A and B be rings. We define the ring A*B to be the direct sum of A and B as additive groups, with multiplication given by (1) (a,b)(c,d) = (ac+ {b,d},aad + b<rc+ bd), where a is a homomorphism from A onto a ring of permutable bimul- tiplications of B, and { •, • } is a biadditive function from BXB into A satisfying the equations (2) bo-{c,d) = o-[b.c)d, (3) {b,cd\ = {bc,d\, (4) {b,aac\ = {baa,c\, (5) \o-ab,c} = a{b,c}, and {&,c<ra} = \b,c\a, for all a£^4 and all b, c, dEB.
    [Show full text]
  • On Landauer's Principle and Bound for Infinite Systems
    On Landauer’s principle and bound for infinite systems Roberto Longo∗ Dipartimento di Matematica, Universit`adi Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Landauer’s principle provides a link between Shannon’s information entropy and Clausius’ thermodynamical entropy. We set up here a basic formula for the incremental free energy of a quantum channel, possibly relative to infinite systems, naturally arising by an Operator Algebraic point of view. By the Tomita-Takesaki modular theory, we can indeed describe a canonical evolution associated with a quantum channel state transfer. Such evolution is implemented both by a modular Hamiltonian and a physical Hamiltonian, the latter being determined by its functoriality properties. This allows us to make an intrinsic analysis, extending our QFT index formula, but without any a priori given dynamics; the associated incremental free energy is related to the logarithm of the Jones index and is thus quantised. This leads to a general lower bound for the incremental free energy of an irreversible quantum channel which is half of the Landauer bound, and to further bounds corresponding to the discrete series of the Jones index. In the finite dimensional context, or in the case of DHR charges in QFT, where the dimension is a positive integer, our lower bound agrees with Landauer’s bound. arXiv:1710.00910v2 [quant-ph] 15 Jan 2018 ∗Supported by the ERC Advanced Grant 669240 QUEST “Quantum Algebraic Structures and Models”, MIUR FARE R16X5RB55W QUEST-NET, GNAMPA-INdAM and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. 1 1 Introduction Quantum information is an increasing lively subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Linear Source Invertible Bimodules and Green Correspondence
    Linear source invertible bimodules and Green correspondence Markus Linckelmann and Michael Livesey April 22, 2020 Abstract We show that the Green correspondence induces an injective group homomorphism from the linear source Picard group L(B) of a block B of a finite group algebra to the linear source Picard group L(C), where C is the Brauer correspondent of B. This homomorphism maps the trivial source Picard group T (B) to the trivial source Picard group T (C). We show further that the endopermutation source Picard group E(B) is bounded in terms of the defect groups of B and that when B has a normal defect group E(B) = L(B). Finally we prove that the rank of any invertible B-bimodule is bounded by that of B. 1 Introduction Let p be a prime and k a perfect field of characteristic p. We denote by O either a complete discrete valuation ring with maximal ideal J(O) = πO for some π ∈ O, with residue field k and field of fractions K of characteristic zero, or O = k. We make the blanket assumption that k and K are large enough for the finite groups and their subgroups in the statements below. Let A be an O-algebra. An A-A-bimodule M is called invertible if M is finitely generated projective as a left A-module, as a right A-module, and if there exits an A-A-bimodule N which is finitely generated projective as a left and right A-module such that M ⊗A N =∼ A =∼ N ⊗A M as A-A-bimodules.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximal Subalgebras of Finite-Dimensional Algebras
    Maximal Subalgebras of Finite-Dimensional Algebras Miodrag Cristian Iovanov University of Iowa, USA and University of Bucharest, Romania Alexander Sistko University of Iowa, USA August 31, 2017 Abstract We study maximal associative subalgebras of an arbitrary finite dimensional associative alge- bra B over a field K, and obtain full classification/description results of such algebras. This is done by first obtaining a complete classification in the semisimple case, and then lifting to non-semisimple algebras. The results are sharpest in the case of algebraically closed fields, and take special forms for algebras presented by quivers with relations. We also relate representation theoretic properties of the algebra and its maximal and other subalgebras, and provide a series of embeddings between quivers, incidence algebras and other structures which relate indecompos- able representations of algebras and some subalgebras via induction/restriction functors. Some results in literature are also re-derived as a particular case, and other applications are given. 1 Introduction Given a mathematical object, it is often natural to consider its maximal subobjects as a means of further understanding it. Maximal subalgebras of (not-necessarily associative) algebras, and in particular maximal abelian subalgebras, have classically guided such inquiry. A well-known in- stance of this principle arises, of course, in the structure theory of finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras, where a central role is played by their Cartan subalgebras: over C, these are simply maximal abelian subalgebras, as seen in the classical papers [17], [34]. Others have subsequently generalized this work, and have applied similar ideas to maximal sub-structures of other possibly non-associative algebraic structures such as Malcev algebras, Jordan algebras, associative superal- gebras, or classical groups ([18], [21], [22], [23], [35], [45], [46], [47]).
    [Show full text]
  • Module (Mathematics) 1 Module (Mathematics)
    Module (mathematics) 1 Module (mathematics) In abstract algebra, the concept of a module over a ring is a generalization of the notion of vector space, wherein the corresponding scalars are allowed to lie in an arbitrary ring. Modules also generalize the notion of abelian groups, which are modules over the ring of integers. Thus, a module, like a vector space, is an additive abelian group; a product is defined between elements of the ring and elements of the module, and this multiplication is associative (when used with the multiplication in the ring) and distributive. Modules are very closely related to the representation theory of groups. They are also one of the central notions of commutative algebra and homological algebra, and are used widely in algebraic geometry and algebraic topology. Motivation In a vector space, the set of scalars forms a field and acts on the vectors by scalar multiplication, subject to certain axioms such as the distributive law. In a module, the scalars need only be a ring, so the module concept represents a significant generalization. In commutative algebra, it is important that both ideals and quotient rings are modules, so that many arguments about ideals or quotient rings can be combined into a single argument about modules. In non-commutative algebra the distinction between left ideals, ideals, and modules becomes more pronounced, though some important ring theoretic conditions can be expressed either about left ideals or left modules. Much of the theory of modules consists of extending as many as possible of the desirable properties of vector spaces to the realm of modules over a "well-behaved" ring, such as a principal ideal domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Bimodules in Group Graded Rings
    Algebr Represent Theor DOI 10.1007/s10468-017-9696-x Bimodules in Group Graded Rings Johan Oinert¨ 1 Received: 10 January 2017 / Accepted: 20 April 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract In this article we introduce the notion of a controlled group graded ring. Let G be a group, with identity element e,andletR =⊕g∈GRg be a unital G-graded ring. We say that R is G-controlled if there is a one-to-one correspondence between subsets of the group G and (mutually non-isomorphic) Re-sub-bimodules of R,givenbyG ⊇ H →⊕h∈H Rh. For strongly G-graded rings, the property of being G-controlled is stronger than that of being simple. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a general G-graded ring to be G-controlled. We also give a characterization of strongly G-graded rings which are G-controlled. As an application of our main results we give a description of all intermediate subrings T with Re ⊆ T ⊆ R of a G-controlled strongly G-graded ring R. Our results generalize results for artinian skew group rings which were shown by Azumaya 70 years ago. In the special case of skew group rings we obtain an algebraic analogue of a recent result by Cameron and Smith on bimodules in crossed products of von Neumann algebras. Keywords Graded ring · Strongly graded ring · Crossed product · Skew group ring · Bimodule · Picard group Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 16S35 · 16W50 · 16D40 1 Introduction Recently, Cameron and Smith [2] studied bimodules over a von Neumann algebra M in the context of an inclusion M ⊆ M α G,whereG is a group acting on M by ∗-automorphisms Presented by Kenneth Goodearl.
    [Show full text]
  • Ring Coproducts Embedded in Power-Series Rings
    Ring coproducts embedded in power-series rings Pere Ara and Warren Dicks November 26, 2012 Abstract Let R be a ring (associative, with 1), and let Rhha; bii denote the power- series R-ring in two non-commuting, R-centralizing variables, a and b. Let A be an R-subring of Rhhaii and B be an R-subring of Rhhbii, and let α denote the natural map A qR B ! Rhha; bii. This article describes some situations where α is injective and some where it is not. We prove that if A is a right Ore localization of R[a] and B is a right Ore localization of R[b], then α is injective. For example, the group ring over R ±1 ±1 of the free group on f1+ a; 1+ bg is R[(1+ a) ] qR R[(1+ b) ], which then embeds in Rhha; bii. We thus recover a celebrated result of R. H. Fox, via a proof simpler than those previously known. We show that α is injective if R is Π-semihereditary, that is, every finitely generated, torsionless, right R-module is projective. (This concept was first studied by M. F. Jones, who showed that it is left-right symmetric. It fol- lows from a result of I. I. Sahaev that if w.gl.dim R 6 1 and R embeds in a skew field, then R is Π-semihereditary. Also, it follows from a result of V. C. Cateforis that if R is right semihereditary and right self-injective, then R is Π-semihereditary.) The arguments and results extend easily from two variables to any set of variables.
    [Show full text]