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The River Tyne

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The River Tyne ^-'^ V "\vvO^V^\ ' A^5 \^-:i ^ « -i, ^ 't ^ \ \ ^Vv ^XSi A\v r^i^'S^'^s?-'' hlAJ ifi^iistiimsifl QJurncU llntucraity SJihrary ilthara. ?Jcm llorli LIBRARY OF LEWIS BINGLEY WYNNE , 1 A.B .A M.. COLUMBIAN CO LLE GE ' 7 , 73 WASHINGTON. D. C, THE GIFT OF MRS. MARY A. WYNNE AND JOHN H. WYNNE CORNELL '98 1922 Cornell University Library DA 670.T9G98 1880 River Tyne: its history and resources. iiiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiviiiiiiiiiii 3 1924 028 098 279 *;!'' • .J-;.^,^ ,^_ - Cornell University Library The original of tliis bool< is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028098279 THE RIVER TYNE. ^;\Hr'' <|l 'il 'I "j((| I II I I f ftp '< ti i» I : — THE RIVER TYNE: ITS HISTORY AND RESOURCES. BY THE LATE JAMES GUTHRIE, SECRETARY TO THE RIVER TYNE COMMISSION. ILLUSTRATED **I know not where to seek, even in this busy country, a spot or district in which we perceive so extraordinary and multifarious a combination of the various great branches of mining, manufacturing, trading, and shipbuilding industry, and I greatly doubt whether the like can be shown, not only within the limits of this land, but upon the whole surface of the globe." Extract from the speech of The Right Honourable W. E. Gladstone, M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer, on his visit to Ne'wcast/e~upon-Tyne,i^6z. NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE PUBLISHED BY ANDREW REID, PRINTING COURT BUILDINGS. LONDON : LONGMANS AND CO, 1880. ' u : /\(piH^ (^l NEWCASTLB-t) PON-TTNE BmLPINGS, AKBNSID. HILL. ASPItBW EBID, .BI.-TISG CO^I CONTENTS. PjLUE. Peejace vii. The River Commission and Mr. Guthrie xii. Inteoduction XV. Eablt History of the River 1 The RlVEE^UNDEE THE MANAGEMENT OP THE OlD CORPORATION OP Newcastle 45 The River under the Management op the Ebpoemed Corporation OP Newcastle 64 The Conservancy Contest of 1849-50 71 The Ttne under the Ttne Improvement Commissioners, prom 1850 to 1860 93 The Royal Commission, 1855 108 Opening of the First Public Dock in tlie Tyue 112 Opening of the Tyne (or Jarrow) Dock 113 The Tyne as a Harbour of Refuge 114 Change of Engineer 121 State of tlie River in 1860 322 Mr. Use's Plans op Improvement and the Tyne Improvement Act, 1861 125 Mr. Urb's Improvements Efpected 138 Works below Bridge ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 138 . 141 Newcastle Bridge ... ... ... ... ... ... The New Swing Bridge 145 Bill Point Works 147 Report of Ca^jtain Calver, R.N. 149 Works above Bridge ... ... ... ... ... ... 156 Progress of the Piers Works 158 The Tyne Improvement Act, 1870. -The Tyne Coal Dues Act, 1872.—Coal Dubs 163 IV CONTENTS. PAOB The Ppblic Quays Ifi* The Tyxe Improvemen't Act, 1872 170 Coble Dene Dock 170 Consolklatiou of Borrowing Powers ... ... ... ... 176 • 178 A'aeious Mattebs ... ... • 178 Nortliumberland Dock Rating ... ... ... • 179 Purchase of Sliields Steam Ferries ... ... ... ... • 180 Tj-ne Improvement Act, 1876 ... ... ... ... .• yir Joseph Cowen ... ... ... ... ... ... 181 Timber Ponds on Jarrow Slake ... ... ... ... 183 The Tyne Commission Amendmek"! Act, 1875 184 The Tyke Impeotement Bill, 1876 189 The Tyke Impbovemem Bill, 1877 201 Costs or the Tyke Impeotejients ... 225 . 225 Tyne Improvement Fund ... ... ... ... ... River Moorings Fund ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 226 Tyne Piers Fund 226 Nortliumberland Dock Fund ... ... ... ... ... ... 227 The Tyne as One op the Geeat Poets oe the Ejipiee 228 Notes, &c 237 Tidal Water 237" The Bar, Depth of Water in the River at the Dock Entrances, Newcastle Harbour and Quay ... ... ... ... ... 238 River Tyne Above Bridge ... ... ... ... ... ... 239 Area of the River at High Water Spring Tides 240 The Redheugh Bridge 242- The Swing Bridge ... ... ... ... ... ... 243 Import Accommodation at Northumberland Dock ... ... ... 244 Salmon Statistics 244 List of Tyne Impbovement Commissioners, &c 245 Inventoey op Deedqins Plant, &o 246 Statement OP DsEDGiNCi Operations since 1838 247 Population Table 248- ILLUSTRATIONS. WOODCUTS. — PACK. Shields Haeboue. Enteance to the Tyne ... Old Coal Staith on the Ttne nobthtjmbbeland dock One of the Laege DEEDaEKS on the Rivee Tyne The Ttnb Beidge.—Removed 1873 New Swing Beidge (Open) Swing Beidge (Closed) and High Level Beidge •QiTATSiDE, Newcastle PREFACE. The gentle memory of the Author calls for some few words of Preface to his posthumous work. For some years in more or less advanced forward- ness for publication, it was his intention that it should appear about the present time ; and his purpose is fulfilled, but without the advantage of his final supervision. Imperfections it may well possess that he would have removed ; although in his absence the desire has not been wanting for their prevention. Blanks that he had left have been filled with care, and difficul- ties disposed of as successfully as might be. Yet still, the loss of his guiding hand may only par- tially have been overcome. Considerate allow- ance, however, will be made for whatever defects are discovered in a volume that the writer has not read. He had long contemplated its pro- duction, and been preparing for it amid the more viii PREFACE. pressing claims of his daily duties. For the per- formance of such a task he had special fitness and facilities. It was also a labour that lay near his heart. The interest which he took in the River and its History was evinced towards the close of the past year, when, being a member of the Committee of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle, he took part in the Course of Lectures of the Winter Session, having chosen for his subject—" Tyneside before the Norman Conquest." In the service of the River Tyne Commission the greater portion of his manhood had been passed. His tenure of of&ce went almost back to the date of the Conservancy Act of 1850 ; and as he was familiar with the con- troversies that led to its achievement, its harvests were gathered under his eye, and were in con- siderable measure the fruit of his husbandry. Of the spirit and ability that characterized his course in connection with the Commission, not a syllable need be said in addition to the tributary words of the Member for South Shields, Mr. J.C.Steven- PREFACE. IX son, reprinted on another page. They must have recalled to many a thoughtful mind, on their first appearance some months ago, the earlier days of the deceased, spent in the neighbouring- borough of Gateshead, where the same virtues and graces were manifest in his less conspi- cuous walk of life. Wisdom and gentleness, a true heart and a sound understanding, marked his youth. Self-reliant, yet unpresuming, he won his way without effort to general favour, inspiring respect and affection. Kare was the combination of gifts with which he was endowed. Ready of speech and pen, easy and pleasant in deportment, conciliatory and persuasive, and still the same with every change of fortune, the world came to his side through life as by natural law, and was ever bidding him move up higher. Ripe beyond his years, his fellow- members of the Gateshead Mechanics' Institute placed him on their Committee in 1844, at the age of 18. The suffrages of his seniors kept him there from year to year, and in 1853 elected X PREFACE. him to the office of Secretary. It was in the opening month of the same year that he re- ceived his first appointment under the Tyne Improvement Commission ; and b'efore it closed he was discoursing to his fellow-members beyond the Tyne on the value of Mechanics' Institutes in diffusing knowledge tending to health and happiness. Profiting by every opportunity of instruction and culture that came within his reach, he had joined the Gateshead Institute in his teens; and during his prolonged member- ship he gave back to it large recompense for the benefits it had bestowed. It was early in life one of his opportunities and privileges to serve under the Town Clerk of Gateshead, the late Mr. William Kell ; and he had also, afterwards, the advantage of being associated with the Town Clerk of Newcastle, Mr. John Clayton, and even- tually the honour of succeeding him as Clerk of the River Commission. Would that his life of public usefulness had been of longer duration ! But into his brief span of years what an amount PREFACE. XI of fruitful labour was compressed ! He died full of service to his generation, and profound was the sorrow over his early removal. The long- procession of the 14th of February, on the Elswick Road, eloquently expressed the grate- ful esteem of the community of the Tyne. The Chief-Magistrate of Newcastle (Mr. Eichard Call) was there ; River Commissioners and Councillors ; friends and fellow-townsmen. Tyneside was appropriately represented in rendering the last mark of respect to the memory of the departed Secretary, as he was borne to his burial by the side of the River whose interests he had served so well. Neiccastlc, May 13, 1880. :xu THE RIVER COMMISSION THE EIVER COMMISSION AND MR. GUTHRIE. The Chairman (Mr. Alderman Ridley) explained to the Com- missionera, on Thursday, the 19th of February, 1880, that the ordinary monthly meeting would have been held on the 12th, but for the untimely death of their respected Secretary, Mr. James Guthrie. It was a most serious loss to the Commission, and it would be well to send a letter of condolence to the family. Mr. J. C. Stevenson, M.P., said that before they proceeded with the ordinary business, it was expected that some notice should be taken of the serious loss they had sustained since their last meeting. It fell to his lot only a month ago to move that a letter of condolence should be sent to the family of the late Mr.
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