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Implementation of Policies for Reducing Chronic Poverty PRS Country Study: Bangladesh

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Implementation of Policies for Reducing Chronic Poverty PRS Country Study: Bangladesh Background Paper for the Chronic Poverty Report 2008-09 Implementation of Policies for Reducing Chronic Poverty PRS Country Study: Bangladesh Sajjad Zohir Abantee Harun Naser Farid Iftekharul Huq What is Chronic Poverty? ERG, CPRC and ODI The distinguishing feature of chronic poverty is extended duration in absolute poverty. With assistance from Therefore, chronically poor people always, or usually, live below a poverty line, Ful Kumar Modak which is normally defined in terms of a money indicator (e.g. consumption, income, Lenin Azad etc.), but could also be defined in terms of wider or Tanvir Sobhan subjective aspects of deprivation. This is different from the transitorily poor, who move in and out of poverty, or only occasionally fall below June 2007 the poverty line. The research for this Background Paper was carried out with the Economic www.chronicpoverty.org Research Group (ERG), Dhaka, Bangladesh and with CPRC core funding from the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID). PRS Country Study: Bangladesh Table of Contents List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................6 Glossary of Bangla Words...................................................................................9 Executive Summary.................................................................................................10 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................16 1.1 Introductory Remarks and Study Objectives ............................................16 1.2 Study Methodology...................................................................................17 1.2.1 Linking Policy with Reduction of Chronic Poverty.........................18 1.2.2 Demystifying Policies....................................................................22 1.2.3 Implementation of Policy – identifying the sampling frame...........25 2 Mapping of Poverty and Policies......................................................................27 2.1 Mapping of Chronic Poverty .....................................................................27 2.2 Mapping of Programs/Projects and Policies.............................................29 2.2.1 PRSP and the Observed Programs/Projects................................30 2.3 Resource Flows for Effective Policy Implementation: Review of the Routes 35 2.3.1 Policies in MTBF...........................................................................36 2.4 Study Area for Policy Implementation ......................................................44 3 Study Findings ...................................................................................................46 3.1 Characterisation of poverty in policy documents......................................46 3.2 Policies and policies for chronic poor – is there a policy? ........................53 3.3 Policy-impact linkage: is there a common understanding? ......................54 3.4 Resource Allocations................................................................................56 3.5 Bias in Regional Allocation.......................................................................56 3.6 Bias in local-level utilisation of ADP resources.........................................58 3.7 Implementing Policy guidelines through selection of programs and projects.....................................................................................................61 3.8 Implementation of Projects and their components ...................................62 3.8.1 Choice of Components within a Program/Project .........................62 3.8.2 Implementation of Project Components........................................63 3.9 Choice of Agency and Agency’s Choice of Activities ...............................71 3.9.1 Selection of Implementing Partners..............................................71 3.9.2 Trend towards engagement in multiple activities within a single agency ..........................................................................................73 3.10 Monitoring and Evaluation........................................................................74 4 Summary and Recommendations ....................................................................76 4.1 Summary Observations............................................................................76 4.2 Recommendations....................................................................................77 4.2.1 General.........................................................................................77 4.2.2 Specific Recommendations ..........................................................79 PRS Country Study: Bangladesh References................................................................................................................81 Annex 1 .....................................................................................................................85 Terms of Reference for Economic Research Group .........................................85 Annex 2 .....................................................................................................................86 Maps and Figures..............................................................................................86 Annex 3 .....................................................................................................................89 Statistical Tables ...............................................................................................89 Annex 4: Inconsistencies in PRSP and national policy document – examples from Child Policy.............................................................................................95 Annex 5 .....................................................................................................................98 Brief Description of Selected Projects on Reducing Chronic Poverty ...............98 Annex 6 ...................................................................................................................106 Case Study: Appropriate Resources for Improving Street Children’s Environment (ARISE) .............................................................................106 Background: Urban Poverty ...................................................................106 Selection of Case: The ARISE Project ...................................................107 Methodology...........................................................................................108 Similar Activities .....................................................................................108 Policy concern ........................................................................................109 Budget Allocation....................................................................................109 Intervention and Activities.......................................................................110 Activities .................................................................................................110 Coordination with Agencies....................................................................111 Annex 7 ...................................................................................................................115 Case Study: Capacity Building, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Development of the Socially Disadvantaged Women and their Children ...............................................................................................................115 Introduction.............................................................................................115 Major characteristics of CSW .................................................................115 Description of Project .............................................................................116 Policy Concerns......................................................................................116 Problems in Implementation...................................................................118 Annex 8 ...................................................................................................................121 Problems in Implementations: Contrasts between Study Sites.......................121 Annex 9 ...................................................................................................................135 Introduction......................................................................................................135 Policy...............................................................................................................135 Design .............................................................................................................135 Implementation................................................................................................136 Lack of ownership...................................................................................136 Free Riding Attitude................................................................................136 PRS Country Study: Bangladesh Property rights ........................................................................................136 Loan recovery.........................................................................................136 Influence of local elites ...........................................................................136 Corruption and infiltration of the non-poor..............................................137 Conclusion.......................................................................................................137
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