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Moths of North Carolina - Early Draft 1 Sphingidae Hemaris gracilis Slender Clearwing Moth 10 9 8 n=0 7 High Mt. 6 N 5 u 4 3 m 2 b 1 e 0 r 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 NC counties: 3 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec • o 10 • f 9 n=0 • = Sighting or Collection 8 • 7 Low Mt. High counts of: in NC since 2001 F 6 l 5 1 - Carteret - 1971-05-04 = Not seen since 2001 4 • i 3 1 - Pender - 1950-04-27 g 2 Status Rank h 1 1 - Onslow - 2016-04-16 0 NC US NC Global t 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 D Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec a 10 10 9 9 t 8 n=0 8 n=3 e 7 Pd 7 CP s 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 15 5 25 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Three periods to each month: 1-10 / 11-20 / 21-31 FAMILY: Sphingidae SUBFAMILY: Macroglossinae TRIBE: Dilophonotini TAXONOMIC_COMMENTS: A Holarctic genus of 19 species of which 4 occur in North America and 3 in North Carolina. They are often called hummingbird or bumblebee moths, and are among the best known Sphingids to North Carolinians. FIELD GUIDE DESCRIPTIONS: Covell (1984) ONLINE PHOTOS: MPG, Bugguide, BAMONA TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION, ADULTS: Forbes (1948); Hodges (1971); Tuttle (2007) TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION, IMMATURE STAGES: Williams (1979); Tuttle (2007) ID COMMENTS: A hummingbird mimic that is slightly smaller but otherwise similar in coloration to H. thysbe. Differs from thysbe in having an even rather than ragged outer edge of the clear area on the forewings. The cell also has no line of scales through it and the underside has two bands of red running from the eyes to the abdomen; the legs are reddish instead of whitish. Smaller than H. diffinis and has a green rather than a yellowish thorax. Sexes are similar. DISTRIBUTION: Primarily a northern species. Gracilis has a peculiar distribution, occurring across most of Canada and then down the coast in a narrow band at least to Florida. FLIGHT COMMENT: Single brooded. Our only two records are both from the spring. HABITAT: There is not enough information to determine its habitat use in North Carolina. The specimen from Carteret County was found along a logging road running through a regenerating stand of Loblolly, with patches of Wild Azalea present as nectar sources (JBS, pers. obs.). Generally, gracilis is associated with xeric heathlands and seems to have some affinity for sand barrens habitats (D. Schweitzer, pers. comm.) Vaccinium vacillans (= pallidum in Weakley, 2015) is widespread in the eastern United States, occurring especially on xeric wooded slopes. FOOD: Stenophagous, reported from blueberries and perhaps other heaths. Forbes (1948) mentioned the possible use of Kalmia and Williams (1979) observed oviposition on Low Bush Blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans) and subsequently reared larvae on it. Adults were also observed by Williams nectaring on Low Bush Blueberry. OBSERVATION_METHODS: The species is diurnal and does not fly at night, come to lights or bait. Should be looked for during the day nectaring on flowers. NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM RANKS: G3G4 S1S2 STATE PROTECTION: Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. COMMENTS: We currently have just three records for this species in North Carolina, all from a small area along the southern coast. Based on the freshness of the specimen recorded in 2016 by Mark Schields, this species appears to breed in North Carolina, rather than just occasionally migrating into our area. Why this species is so rarely observed is unknown, although it is likely to be confused with the two other species in this genus. March 2021 The Moths of North Carolina - Early Draft 1.
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