DOCSLIB.ORG

2008 Solar Technologies Market Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2008 Solar Technologies Market Report Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 2008 SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES MARKET REPORT JANUARY 2010 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... i Figures ........................................................................................................................................... iii Tables ............................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ vi List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... ix Notes .............................................................................................................................................. xi 1. Installation Trends, Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power ..................................... 1 1.1 Global Installed PV Capacity................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Cumulative Installed PV Capacity Worldwide .................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Growth in Cumulative and Annual Installed PV Capacity Worldwide ............................. 2 1.1.3 Worldwide PV Installations by Interconnection Status and Application .......................... 4 1.2 U.S. Installed PV Capacity ................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Cumulative U.S. Installed PV Capacity ............................................................................. 6 1.2.2 U.S. PV Installations by Interconnection Status ................................................................ 6 1.2.3 U.S. PV Installations by Application and Sector ............................................................... 7 1.2.4 U.S. States with the Largest PV Markets ........................................................................... 9 1.3 Global and U.S. Installed CSP Capacity ............................................................................. 10 1.3.1 Cumulative Installed CSP Worldwide ............................................................................. 10 1.3.2 Major non-U.S. International Markets for CSP ............................................................... 10 1.3.3 U.S. Installed CSP Capacity ............................................................................................ 11 1.4 References ........................................................................................................................... 13 2. Industry Trends, Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power ........................................ 15 2.1 PV Production Trends ......................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 Global PV Production ...................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 U.S. PV Production .......................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Global and U.S. PV Shipments and Revenue ..................................................................... 20 2.2.1 Global PV Shipments ....................................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Global PV Cell/Module Revenue .................................................................................... 23 2.2.3 U.S. PV Shipments .......................................................................................................... 24 2.2.4 U.S. PV Cell/Module Revenue ........................................................................................ 26 2.2.5 U.S. PV Imports and Exports ........................................................................................... 27 2.3 CSP Manufacturer and Shipment Trends ........................................................................... 29 2.3.1 CSP Manufacturers .......................................................................................................... 29 2.3.2 CSP Shipments................................................................................................................. 29 2.4 Material and Supply Chain Issues....................................................................................... 30 2.4.1 Polysilicon Supply for PV ............................................................................................... 30 2.4.2 Rare Metals Supply and Demand for PV ......................................................................... 36 2.4.3 Glass Supply for PV ......................................................................................................... 36 2.4.4 Material and Water Constraints for CSP ......................................................................... 37 2.4.5 Land and Transmission Constraints for Utility-Scale Solar ............................................ 38 2.5 Solar Industry Employment Trends .................................................................................... 39 2.5.1 Types of Jobs in the PV and CSP Industries.................................................................... 40 2.5.2 Current and Projected Employment in the Solar Industry, Global and U.S. ................... 41 2.5.3 Labor Intensity in the PV Industry, Global and U.S. ....................................................... 43 2.5.4 Employment and Labor Intensity in the U.S. and Global CSP Industry ......................... 44 i 2.5.5 Quality Assurance and Certification for Solar PV Installation ........................................ 45 2.5.6 DOE Response to Current Barriers in Workforce Development ..................................... 45 2.6 References ........................................................................................................................... 46 3. Cost, Price, and Performance Trends ................................................................................... 50 3.1. Levelized Cost of Energy, PV and CSP............................................................................. 50 3.2. Solar Resource and Capacity Factor, PV and CSP ............................................................ 51 3.2.1. Solar Resource for PV .................................................................................................... 51 3.2.2 Solar Resource for CSP ................................................................................................... 53 3.2.3 Capacity Factor, PV and CSP .......................................................................................... 54 3.3 PV Cell, Module, and System Efficiency ........................................................................... 55 3.3.1 PV Cell Type and Efficiency ........................................................................................... 56 3.3.2 PV Module Efficiency ..................................................................................................... 57 3.3.3 PV System Efficiency and Derate Factor ........................................................................ 58 3.4 PV Module Reliability ........................................................................................................ 58 3.5 PV Module Price Trends ..................................................................................................... 59 3.6 PV Installation Cost Trends ................................................................................................ 61 3.7 PV Operations and Maintenance ........................................................................................ 69 3.7.1 PV Operations and Maintenance Not Including Inverter Replacement ........................... 69 3.7.2 PV Inverter Replacement and Warranty Trends .............................................................. 72 3.8 CSP Installation and Operations and Maintenance Cost Trends ........................................ 73 3.9 CSP Technology Characteristics and System Performance................................................ 73 3.9.1 Parabolic Trough Technology .......................................................................................... 73 3.9.2 Power Tower Technology ................................................................................................ 74 3.9.3 Dish-Engine Technology ................................................................................................. 74 3.9.4 Linear Fresnel Reflector Technology .............................................................................. 74 3.9.5 Storage ............................................................................................................................. 74 3.9.6 Heat-Transfer Fluid .......................................................................................................... 74 3.9.7 Water Use ......................................................................................................................... 75 3.9.8 Land Requirements .......................................................................................................... 75 3.10 References ........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nanosolar Is Leading the “Third Wave” of Solar Power Technology: the First
    Nanosolar is leading the “Third Wave” of solar power technology: ▪ The First Wave started with the introduction of silicon-wafer based solar cells over three decades ago. While ground-breaking, it is visible until today that this technology came out of a market environment with little concern for cost, capital efficiency, and the product cost / performance ratio. Despite continued incremental improvements, silicon-wafer cells have a built-in disadvantage of fundamentally high materials cost and poor capital efficiency. Because silicon does not absorb light very strongly, silicon wafer cells have to be very thick. And because wafers are fragile, their intricate handling complicates processing all the way up to the panel product. ▪ The Second Wave came about a decade ago with the arrival of the first commercial "thin-film" solar cells. This established that new solar cells based on a stack of layers 100 times thinner than silicon wafers can make a solar cell that is just as good. However, the first thin-film approaches were handicapped by two issues: 1. The cell's semiconductor was deposited using slow and expensive high-vacuum based processes because it was not known how to employ much simpler and higher-yield printing processes (and how to develop the required semiconductor ink). 2. The thin films were deposited directly onto glass as a substrate, eliminating the opportunity of ▪ using a conductive substrate directly as electrode (and thus avoiding bottom-electrode deposition cost), ▪ achieving a low-cost top electrode of high performance, ▪ employing the yield and performance advantages of individual cell matching & sorting, ▪ employing high-yield continuous roll-to-roll processing, and ▪ developing high-power high-current panels with lower balance-of-system cost.
    [Show full text]
  • What Clean Energy Jobs? These Clean Energy Jobs!
    What Clean Energy Jobs? These Clean Energy Jobs! A couple of months ago, Environmental Entrepreneurs (E2) noticed an outpouring of stories questioning the health and growth of the clean energy economy. This just didn’t agree with the reality we’re seeing in our daily work. All across America, we’re witnessing clean energy jobs being created almost every day—helping to rebuild our economy, address our energy problems, and improve our national security. So E2, whose 800+ members represent a broad cross-section of business leaders, including many on the front lines of clean energy, set out to document this growth with weekly newsletters that compile job announcements from news sources around the country.1 So far, we’ve published six of these newsletters, in an attempt to provide some perspective from outside the Beltway, where one solar company’s failure isn’t indicative of the downfall of an entire industry. You can find each newsletter at www.e2.org/cleanjobs. In the past six weeks, E2 has identified 118 energy-efficiency retrofits, and other announcements from announcements by more than 100 companies, the clean economy. These projects are taking place across organizations, and projects in various stages the country—in 40 states and 96 congressional districts. of development and completion. They include Based on these published reports, if all these projects from manufacturing plants, power generation projects, just the last six weeks come to fruition, 32,000 jobs could be created.2 For more information, please contact Judith Albert, Executive Director, Environmental Entrepreneurs (E2) at 212-727-4568.
    [Show full text]
  • Contact: Kevin Thornton for IMMEDIATE RELEASE 1-800-331-0085
    Contact: Kevin Thornton FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 1-800-331-0085 WAL-MART ANNOUNCES SOLAR POWER PILOT PROJECT Pilot Project marks major step toward its goal of being supplied by 100 percent renewable energy BENTONVILLE, Ark., May 7, 2007 – Today Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE:WMT), announced a major purchase of solar power from three solar power providers, BP Solar, SunEdison LLC, and PowerLight, a subsidiary of SunPower Corporation, for 22 combined Wal- Mart stores, Sam’s Clubs and a distribution center in Hawaii and California. As part of a pilot project to determine solar power viability for Wal-Mart, the total solar power production from the 22 sites is estimated to be as much as 20 million kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year. When fully implemented, the aggregate purchase could be one of the U.S., if not the world’s, top-10 largest ever solar power initiatives. “We are taking aggressive steps towards our goal of being supplied by 100 percent renewable energy,” said Kim Saylors-Laster, vice president of energy for Wal-Mart. “The pilot project is yet another example of Wal-Mart’s commitment to making decisions that are good for business and the environment.” “We applaud Wal-Mart's drive to increase its use of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies and look forward to the long-term positive impact their efforts will have on our environment,” said Ron Judkoff, director of the Buildings and Thermal Systems Center at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). “Wal-Mart's decision to take advantage of the economic and environmental benefits of solar power and energy efficiency technologies is a great step in the right direction.” The solar power pilot project is a major step toward Wal-Mart’s goal of being supplied by 100 percent renewable energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy
    Projects Projects Renewable Energy Representative Engagements • Represented the project sponsor in connection with • Advised client on a significant investment in Nemaska the non-recourse project financing of the development, Lithium Inc., a Canadian lithium company, in a trans- installation, operation and maintenance of over 150,000 formational market transaction involving a key input in small-scale solar kits in areas of Peru not connected to lithium batteries which are a key component in electric the grid. cars and other technologies as well as renewables • Represented the Buyer acquiring 100 percent of the storage projects. equity interests of two project companies that have two • Advised the underwriters in DTE Electric Company’s solar photovoltaic projects with a combined rating of milestone $525 million green bond offering. Proceeds 6.5MWac/8MWdc on Oahu, Hawaii. of the bonds will support the development and • Represented a multinational energy corporation in construction of low-carbon, clean energy projects like connection with the acquisition of, and its tax equity solar arrays and wind farms, as well as the transmission investment in, solar power generating facilities in infrastructure to support related renewable facilities. California, Texas and Arizona valued from $16 million Solar to $25 million, including one project located on a • Represented Duke Energy in connection with a $360 military base under the U.S. military’s renewable energy million non-recourse project financing of a portfolio procurement initiative. of 24 operating solar farms in North Carolina under • Represented one of the world’s largest solar energy contract with various utility and non-utility offtakers. project companies in its entry into Japan and projects The facility includes a $330 million term loan, a $105 utilizing the Japanese Feed-In Tariff.
    [Show full text]
  • Public F I L E D 11-29-12 04:59 Pm
    PUBLIC F I L E D 11-29-12 04:59 PM PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD 2012 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROCUREMENT PLAN (FINAL VERSION) NOVEMBER 29, 2012 PUBLIC TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction and Overview of 2012 Plan .............................................................. 1 1.1 Overview of 2012 Plan .............................................................................. 1 1.2 Summary of Important Recent Legislative/Regulatory Changes to the RPS Program ...................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Commission Implementation of SB 2 (1x) ...................................... 5 1.2.1.1 Portfolio Content Requirements ................................ 5 1.2.1.2 Compliance Period Targets ...................................... 6 1.2.1.3 Compliance Rules ..................................................... 7 1.2.2 TRECs ........................................................................................... 8 1.2.3 Cost Containment .......................................................................... 9 1.2.4 QF/CHP Settlement ..................................................................... 10 1.3 Status of Efforts to Bring New RPS-Eligible Facilities Online and Deliver RPS-Eligible Energy to Customers ............................................. 11 1.3.1 Increasing Success in the Development of Renewable Energy Projects ............................................................................ 11 1.3.2 Challenges to Renewable Energy Deployment
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems
    Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems Final Report A DHS/Assistance to Firefighter Grants (AFG) Funded Study Prepared by: Casey C. Grant, P.E. Fire Protection Research Foundation The Fire Protection Research Foundation One Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA, USA 02169-7471 Email: [email protected] http://www.nfpa.org/foundation © Copyright Fire Protection Research Foundation May 2010 Revised: October, 2013 (This page left intentionally blank) FOREWORD Today's emergency responders face unexpected challenges as new uses of alternative energy increase. These renewable power sources save on the use of conventional fuels such as petroleum and other fossil fuels, but they also introduce unfamiliar hazards that require new fire fighting strategies and procedures. Among these alternative energy uses are buildings equipped with solar power systems, which can present a variety of significant hazards should a fire occur. This study focuses on structural fire fighting in buildings and structures involving solar power systems utilizing solar panels that generate thermal and/or electrical energy, with a particular focus on solar photovoltaic panels used for electric power generation. The safety of fire fighters and other emergency first responder personnel depends on understanding and properly handling these hazards through adequate training and preparation. The goal of this project has been to assemble and widely disseminate core principle and best practice information for fire fighters, fire ground incident commanders, and other emergency first responders to assist in their decision making process at emergencies involving solar power systems on buildings. Methods used include collecting information and data from a wide range of credible sources, along with a one-day workshop of applicable subject matter experts that have provided their review and evaluation on the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Indiana Renewable Energy Resources Study
    September 2011 2011 Indiana Renewable Energy Resources Study Prepared for: Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission and Regulatory Flexibility Committee of the Indiana General Assembly Indianapolis, Indiana State Utility Forecasting Group | Energy Center at Discovery Park | Purdue University | West Lafayette, Indiana 2011 INDIANA RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES STUDY State Utility Forecasting Group Energy Center Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana David Nderitu Tianyun Ji Benjamin Allen Douglas Gotham Paul Preckel Darla Mize Forrest Holland Marco Velastegui Tim Phillips September 2011 2011 Indiana Renewable Energy Resources Study - State Utility Forecasting Group 2011 Indiana Renewable Energy Resources Study - State Utility Forecasting Group Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... v Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................ vi Foreword ............................................................................................................................ ix 1. Overview ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Trends in renewable energy consumption in the United States ................ 1 1.2 Trends in renewable energy consumption in Indiana
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives
    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 1 2 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California: Quality Careers—Cleaner Lives Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 3 About the Author Peter Philips (B.A. Pomona College, M.A., Ph.D. Stanford University) is a Professor of Economics and former Chair of the Economics Department at the University of Utah. Philips is a leading economic expert on the U.S. construction labor market. He has published widely on the topic and has testified as an expert in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, served as an expert for the U.S. Justice Department in litigation concerning the Davis-Bacon Act (the federal prevailing wage law), and presented testimony to state legislative committees in Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah, Kentucky, Connecticut, and California regarding the regulations of construction labor markets.
    [Show full text]
  • How Founders Use External Advice to Improve Their Firm's Chance of Succeeding
    The dynamics of forming a technology based start-up: How founders use external advice to improve their firm's chance of succeeding by Nick Cravalho B.S. Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, 2000 Submitted to the System Design and Management Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology May 2007 2007 Nick Cravalho. All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium not known or hereafter created. Signature of Author Nick Cravalho System Design and Management Program May 2007 Certified by Diane Burton Thesis Supervisor Sloan School of Management Certified by _ Patrick Hale Director OASSACHUSETTS INS System Design and Management Program OF TECHNOLOGY FEB 0 1 2008 BARKER LIBRARIES The dynamics of forming a technology based start-up: How founders use external advice to improve their firm's chance of succeeding by Nick Cravalho Submitted to the System Design and Management Program on May 11, 2007 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Management Abstract External advice can be a valuable resource for founders of high technology startup companies. As with any resource, the pursuit and efficient use of the external advice resource is one of the greatest challenges for founders. This thesis examines how the founders of eleven US venture-backed high-tech companies leveraged external advice to their advantage.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Solar Community Energy Storage for Supporting Hawaii's 100% Renewable Energy Goals Erin Takata [email protected]
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Projects and Capstones Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Spring 5-19-2017 Analysis of Solar Community Energy Storage for Supporting Hawaii's 100% Renewable Energy Goals Erin Takata [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone Part of the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Recommended Citation Takata, Erin, "Analysis of Solar Community Energy Storage for Supporting Hawaii's 100% Renewable Energy Goals" (2017). Master's Projects and Capstones. 544. https://repository.usfca.edu/capstone/544 This Project/Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Projects and Capstones by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This Master's Project Analysis of Solar Community Energy Storage for Supporting Hawaii’s 100% Renewable Energy Goals by Erin Takata is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Science in Environmental Management at the University of San Francisco Submitted: Received: ...................................……….. ................................………….
    [Show full text]
  • CSPV Solar Cells and Modules from China
    Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Deanna Tanner Okun, Chairman Irving A. Williamson, Vice Chairman Charlotte R. Lane Daniel R. Pearson Shara L. Aranoff Dean A. Pinkert Robert B. Koopman Acting Director of Operations Staff assigned Christopher Cassise, Senior Investigator Andrew David, Industry Analyst Nannette Christ, Economist Samantha Warrington, Economist Charles Yost, Accountant Gracemary Roth-Roffy, Attorney Lemuel Shields, Statistician Jim McClure, Supervisory Investigator Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells and Modules from China Investigation Nos. 701-TA-481 and 731-TA-1190 (Preliminary) Publication 4295 December 2011 C O N T E N T S Page Determinations.................................................................. 1 Views of the Commission ......................................................... 3 Separate Views of Commission Charlotte R. Lane ...................................... 31 Part I: Introduction ............................................................ I-1 Background .................................................................. I-1 Organization of report.........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain
    Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain BLM Chuck Graham Chuck Graham Agena Garnett-Ruskovich Advisory Panel Members: Paul Beier, Ph.D., Northern Arizona University Patrick Huber, Ph.D., University of California Davis Steve Kohlmann, Ph.D., Tierra Resource Management Bob Stafford, California Department of Fish and Game Brian Cypher, Ph.D., University of Stanislaus Endangered Species Recovery Program also served as an Advisory Panel Member when this project was under the California Energy Commission’s jurisdiction. Preferred Citation: Penrod, K., W. Spencer, E. Rubin, and C. Paulman. April 2010. Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain. Prepared for County of San Luis Obsipo by SC Wildlands, http://www.scwildlands.org Habitat Connectivity Planning for Selected Focal Species in the Carrizo Plain Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 2.1. Background and Project Need 3. Project Setting 3.1. The Study Area 3.1.1. Location 3.1.2. Physical Features 3.1.3. Biological Features 3.1.4. Human Features 3.2. The Proposed Energy Projects 3.2.1. Topaz Solar Farm 3.2.2. SunPower – California Valley Solar Ranch 4. The Focal Species 4.1. Pronghorn antelope 4.2. Tule elk 4.3. San Joaquin kit fox 5. Conservation Planning Approach 5.1. Modeling Baseline Conditions Of Habitat Suitability And Connectivity For Each Focal Species 5.1.1. Compilation And Refinement Of Digital Data Layers 5.1.2. Modeling Habitat Suitability 5.1.3. Modeling Landscape Permeability 5.1.4. Species-Specific Model Input Data And Conceptual Basis For Model Development 5.1.4.1.
    [Show full text]