METRO – the Role and Future Perspectives of Cohesion Policy In
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INTERIM REPORT // METRO – The role and future perspectives of Cohesion Policy in the planning of Metropolitan Areas and Cities Brussels Metropolitan Area case study Case study report // June 2021 This Interim report is conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The ESPON EGTC is the Single Beneficiary of the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The Single Operation within the programme is implemented by the ESPON EGTC and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the EU Member States, the United Kingdom and the Partner States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This delivery does not necessarily reflect the opinions of members of the ESPON 2020 Monitoring Committee. Authors Gilles Van Hamme, Julien Descamps, Moritz Lennert, Pablo Medina Lockhart, Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium) Advisory group Stakeholders: Claudia Fassero, Città Metropolitana di Torino (IT) | Odile Huiban and Clémentine Dubois, Metropole de Lyon (FR) | Aleksandra Fijałkowska and Agata Blacharska, Joanna Jaworska-Soral, Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot (PL) | Filipe Ferreira, Lisbon Metropolitan Area (PT) | Sandrine De Meyer and Alfredo Corbalan, perspetive.brussels (BE) | Agnese Gūtmane and Dace Riekstiņa, Jānis Ušča, Justīne Panteļejeva, Katrīna Sudare, Linda Danefelde, Riga City Council (LV) | Soňa Raszková, Brno City Municipality (CZ) | Alessandra Barbieri add Manuela Taverniti, Municipality of Florence (IT) | Xavier Tiana Casablancas and Carlota Rosés, Barcelona Metropolitan Area (ES) | Dorthe Nielsen and Pietro Reviglio, EUROCITIES | Guillaume Berret, Metropolis. ESPON EGTC: Senior Project Expert: Piera Petruzzi, Financial Expert: Stefania Rigillo Information on ESPON and its projects can be found at www.espon.eu. The website provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. ISBN: Click or tap here to enter text. © ESPON, 2020 Published in Click or tap here to enter text. Graphic design by BGRAPHIC, Denmark Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON EGTC in Luxembourg. Contact: [email protected] INTERIM REPORT // METRO – The role and future perspectives of Cohesion Policy in the planning of Metropolitan Areas and Cities Brussels Metropolitan Area case study Case study report // June 2021 Disclaimer This document is an interim report. The information contained herein is subject to change and does not commit the ESPON EGTC and the countries participating in the ESPON 2020 Cooperation Programme. The final version of the report will be published as soon as approved. Table of contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 8 2 Case study area contextualisation ................................................................................... 9 3 Metropolitan governance structure and cooperation activities .................................. 11 3.1 Institutional framework .............................................................................................................. 11 3.1.1 Other forms of cooperation ....................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Evolution of metropolitan cooperation ....................................................................................... 16 3.3 Metropolitan development goals ............................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Coherence with national and regional goals ............................................................................. 18 3.3.2 Coherence with municipal goals ............................................................................................... 18 3.4 Metropolitan development and planning instruments ................................................................ 19 3.4.1 Instruments in the framework of other cooperation initiatives ................................................... 20 3.4.2 Instrument and initiatives related to COVID-19 ......................................................................... 21 3.5 Metropolitan financing and budgeting ....................................................................................... 21 3.6 Role of social groups and the business community in metropolitan governance ...................... 22 3.6.1 Social groups and the civil society ............................................................................................ 22 3.6.2 Business community ................................................................................................................. 22 3.7 Participation to policy networks ................................................................................................. 22 4 Cohesion policy governance .......................................................................................... 24 4.1 EU cohesion policy institutional architecture and competences ................................................ 24 4.1.1 The role of metropolitan actors ................................................................................................. 25 4.2 EU cohesion policy instruments at the metropolitan level ......................................................... 26 4.3 Involvement of social groups and the business community in the EU cohesion policy ............. 27 4.4 The governance of EU cohesion policy in the COVID-19 emergency ....................................... 28 4.5 Coordinating metropolitan governance and EU cohesion policy ............................................... 29 5 Cohesion policy impact ................................................................................................... 30 5.1 EU cohesion policy objectives and actions ............................................................................... 30 5.1.1 Funded measures: main sectors and spatial distribution .......................................................... 35 5.2 Coherence and synergies with metropolitan objectives and instruments .................................. 36 5.2.1 Alignment with the goals defined in metropolitan instruments .................................................. 36 5.2.2 Thematic priorities ..................................................................................................................... 36 5.2.3 Funding magnitude ................................................................................................................... 36 5.3 Outcomes ................................................................................................................................. 37 5.4 The impact of the EU cohesion policy in the COVID-19 emergency ......................................... 37 5.5 The impact of the EU cohesion policy on metropolitan governance and cooperation ............... 38 6 Main challenges and recommendations ........................................................................ 40 References ......................................................................................................................................... 46 INTERIM REPORT // METRO – The role and future perspectives of Cohesion Policy in the planning of Metropolitan Areas and Cities List of maps, figures, charts and tables List of maps Map 2.1 Brussels Metropolitan Area ................................................................................................. 10 List of figures Figure 3.1 Regional Express Network .................................................................................................. 13 Figure 3.2 Regional Express Network .................................................................................................. 14 Figure 3.3 T.OP Noordrand .................................................................................................................. 15 Figure 3.4 Timeline of metropolitan cooperation................................................................................... 17 Figure 4.1 Simplified institutional architecture of the cohesion policy in Belgium ................................. 24 Figure 4.3 The governance of the EU recovery fund in Belgium .......................................................... 28 List of tables Table 3.1 Main instruments at national, regional to the local level ...................................................... 20 Table 3.2 Other instruments ................................................................................................................ 21 Table 4.1 Actors managing ERDF and ESF funds in Brussels FUA.................................................... 25 Table 4.2 EU cohesion policy programmes and instruments in the Brussels metropolitan area (FUA) .................................................................................................................................... 26 Table 5.1 Allocation of ERDF in the Brussels Capital-Region during programming period 2014- 2020 ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Table 5.2 Allocation of ESF in the Brussels Capital-Region during programming period 2014- 2020 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