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History & Cultural Benchmarks Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade HISTORY & CULTURAL BENCHMARKS History Calendar Concept of Time Longitude & Latitude BC/AD (BCE/CE) Demonstrate their understanding of time Knows that the lines running East- by measuring in equal units reinforced by Knows that modern time began West are parallel lines or latitude using days, months and years. tracking at the birth of Jesus Christ. lines. BC means Before Christ and AD Correctly construct a calendar using the Knows the longest parallel line is the means Anno Domini means “Year of appropriate names for the months and equator and it is 0 degrees. Parallels our Lord”. days in the correct order. occur in 15 degrees intervals. Knows that modern time also refers Knows which months have 30 days and Knows that the North Pole is 90 to this as Before the Common Era, some months that have 31 days. degrees N, and the South Pole is 90 and the Common Era. degrees S. Knows why February has 28 days (and Knows that a century is demarcated 29 every 4 years) Knows that you start at the Prime by counting to 100 in either direction. Meridian is 0 degrees. Everything Can recite the names of the months of that is West of the Prime Meridian is the year in the correct order. West Longitude and everything East Four Seasons is East Longitude. Can place the appropriate pictures in the correct place in the timeline. Can distinguish between Spring, Summer Autumn & Winter. 1 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade History & Grammar Students use the pronoun symbol and the verb symbol to discern if something is past, present or future tense. Students use words to describe and categorize into past, present and future tenses. The First Earth History Timeline Students know the names of the eras and periods of prehistoric time. Students can use the metaphor of a clock to understand the vastness of prehistory. Our Universe Creation Stories Our Universe, Cosmology & Climate Zones of the Earth Astronomy Students know that creation stories are Students know that climate means orally transmitted from elders to young Students know that a constellation is the general weather conditions of a people in each culture. a group of stars that seem to form a particular region. picture and whose patterns were Students locate these cultures on a map Students know that how the rays of recorded by ancient cultures or a globe and relate them to modern the sun meet the Earth determines worldwide. day countries. the climate of a particular zone. Students know that different Students know that cultures use different Students know the names and constellations will appear at certain symbology depending on where that characteristics of Earth’s major times of the year due to Earth’s orbit culture is located. climates. Students understand the relationship between the sun’s rays, hemispheres, and seasons. 2 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Big Bang Theory Students know that the story of the Big Bang theory is a scientific theory based on observations of the universe. Students understand the process outlined in the Big Bang Theory Formation of the Galaxies Students know the definitions of galaxies and nebulae. Students know that gravity is the force that pulls things towards each other. Students know the three main galaxies: spiral, elliptical and irregular. Students know that our galaxy is called The Milky Way and that it is a spiral galaxy Birth & Death of Stars Students know there are small, medium and large main stars. Students know that the smallest stars live the longest while the largest live the shortest. Students know that all stars begin to for hydrogen. 3 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Students know that the core of the star heats up through nuclear fusion. Students know the elements needed for a star to live, and how they are formed. Students know that all of these elements are pulled together by gravity, forming a supernova. Students know that all the energy released by a supernova goes right back into the Universe where it will be used to form new stars and planets. Formation of Our Solar System Students know that a nebula is a nursery for the stars. Students can define ‘planetesimals’ & know how they are formed. Students understand the basic process by which our Solar System was formed. Students know that our solar system was created when the Universe was 10,000 million years old. Our solar system is 4,600 million years old 4 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade The Planets Students know the sizes and relative locations of the planets in our Solar System Students know that Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. Sun and Earth Sun and Earth Sun and Earth Students know that the attraction Students understand Earth’s elliptical between the Sun and Earth is called orbit gravity. Students know that Earth rotates on Students learn that the Earth is moving its axis 365 times in a year and the forward and that this called velocity. The axis is always tilted in the same earth maintains that distance due to its direction. relative velocity and gravitational pull. Students know the definitions of The Formation of the Earth perihelion and aphelion, and how they relate to the solstices and Students understand the basic process equinoxes. by which Earth was formed. Students know that it took a million years for the Earth to reach ½ its present size, and 90 million years to reach its present size. 5 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Geology Geology: Life Comes to Earth Students know that life on Earth began about a billion years ago by examining the sedimentary rock. Students know that fossils are the evidence of life present, preserved in rock & sediment. Students know that a cell is a basic part of living matter, and that the materials necessary to make cells were found in warm oceans. Students know that molecules of methane, ammonia, and water made up “sea soup,” and that these 3 elements make up life. Students know that long carbon chains formed CHONs and they can replicate themselves. They eventually formed the building blocks of amino acids. Students understand the importance of prokaryotes in early life. Students know that photosynthesis means putting together with the help of light. 6 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Students know that the first organisms to breath are called Cyanobacteria. Students know the ozone’s job is to protect life from the damaging ultraviolet rays of the Sun. Students know that humans are made up of over 10 trillion Eukaryotic cells. Structure of The Earth’s Interior Structure of the Earth Earth Plate Tectonics Students know that the Earth is made up of 3 layers; Crust, Mantle and Core. Students understand the theory of Plate Tectonics. Students understand the makeup and relative size of these layers. Students know that scientists recognize that continents used to be Formation of Mountains & Faults connected and that would be a Students know that mountains are reason for finding similar fossils on formed when molten rock flows up from different continents. the Mantle through cracks in the surface Students know that there are 7 of Earth. major plates: Pacific, North Students know there are 4 different types American, South American, of mountains; dome mountains, gorges, Eurasian, African, Indo-Australia, folded and fault block mountains. and Antarctic Plates. Volcanoes Students know that the plates move in 3 ways; Divergent, Convergent Students know that a volcano is a and Transform mountain formed by many layers of cooled lava (molten rock). 7 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Students know the definitions of magma, Students understand how the magma chamber, lava, conduit, fissures, movement of plates can result in and crater. volcanoes and mountains. Students know the differences between Earthquakes volcano types (cinder, shield, and Students know how earthquakes are composite) formed, and where they generally Students know that volcanoes can be occur. active, dormant and extinct Students know the definitions of Three Major types of Rocks seismograph, epicenter, magnitude, intensity, and waves. Students know the difference between Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Composition of the Earth rocks. Students know that a rock is made Students know how water and ice affect up of minerals. rock formation. Students know that a mineral is an The Earth’s Insulation inorganic substance made up of elements. Students know that there are 2 different kinds of heat; one that comes from Students know that a mineral is something burning and the other is from made up of tiny crystals. something that has collected the heat from something that is burning. Continents Globe Students know and identify 4 major oceans, the equator, the Northern Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere 8 Oneness-Family School - First through Third Grade - Science Benchmarks Academy: History and Cultural Subject First Grade Second Grade Third Grade Hydrosphere, The Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Hydrosphere: The Work of Water Atmosphere: The Work of Air Lithosphere, Atmosphere Composition of the Atmosphere Students know the water cycle is the Atmosphere Students know that there is a solid Earth continuous movement of water from Students know the present day to live on (lithosphere), water for drinking fresh and saltwater sources on land composition of the atmosphere is (hydrosphere) and air to breathe to the air and back again.
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