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Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes by Tagetes Tenuifolia

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Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes by Tagetes Tenuifolia CONTROL OF PLANTPARASITIC NEMATODES BY TAGETES 7ENUIFOLIA Mansoor A. SIDDIQUIand M. MASHKOOR ALAM Department of Botany, Aligarh Musliln University, Aligarh-202002, India. Tagetes erecta L., T. minuta L. and T. patula L. are diameterpetridishes following the method of Alam known for nematotoxic properties (Oostenbrink, 1960; (1985). Similar number of nematodes were keptin Daulton & Curtis,1963; Wallace, 1963; Hackney & distilled water for control.There were five replicates for Dickerson, 1975; Alam, Masood & Husain, 1975). eachtreatment. Thenumber of active andinactive Interculture of vegetables with Tagetes erecta has been nematodes were counted after 12, 24 and 48 hr. The found effective in reducing nematode population(Alam, nematodeswhich did not regain mobility even after Saxena & Khan, 1977). Tagetes tenuifoliaCav. is another transfer to water were considered as dead. The per cent species which is widely grown as ornemental plant but mortality was calculated over controls. nothing is known whether this is equally nematotoxic. For hatching experiment, five average sized, healthy Hence, in the present investigationan attempthas been and freshly picked eggmasses were transferred to the made to evaluate T. tenuifolia as interculture plant for Petridishes (40 mm diam.) containing 10 ml of different controlling Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reni- dilutions of the root-exudates.There were five replicates fonnis and Tylenchorhynckus brassicae. for each treatment. The total number of hatched juv- eniles was counted after five days. Hatching in water served as control. Materials and methods Seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumP. Mill.) Results and discussion cv. Pusa Ruby, eggplant (Solarium melongena L.) cv. Interculture of T. tenuifolia with tomato, eggplant, Pusa Purple long, cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata cabbage and cauliflower reduced the root-knot devel- L.) cv. Pride of India and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea opment and populationof the root-knot nematode, the botrytis L.) cv. Maghi grown in sterilized soilwere reniform nematode and the stuntnematode. In addition transplanted singly in thecentre of 15 cm diam. Clay pots to this, the growth of the plants also improved and was containing 1 kg autoclaved soil. Five, three-week old more or less equal to healthy ones (Figs 1 & 2). seedlings of Tagetes tenuifolia were also transplanted at the same time of transplantation of the host plants, at Plant weight Root-knot Index equal distance at the periphery of the pots.,The vege- table seedlings were then inoculated with 1 O00 speci- mens of either of the three test nematodesviz., Meloido- gyne incognita(Kofoid & White) Chitwood, Rotylenchu- lus renifomis Linford & Oliveira or Tylenchorhynckus brassicae Siddiqi separately. There were five replicates in eachtreatment. Uninoculated plants served as control. After two months, plant weight and root-knot index (on 0-5 scale of Taylor and Sasser, 1978) were determined. Final populations of the nematodes were determined by using Cobb’s sievingand decanting method alongwith modified Baermann funnel techni- que (Flegg & Hooper, 1970). b Root-exudate of marigold was obtained according to Tomato Eggplant the procedure described by Alam, Masood and Husain TREATMENTS (1975) by dipping the root systems of ten seedlings of the same age in 50 mldistilled water contained in Fig. 1. Effect of interculture of Tagetes tenuifolia on root-knot Erlenmeyer flasks of 100 ml capacity. The exudate was developmentcaused by Meloidogyneincognita and plant collected each day for five days and were stored at 50. growth of tomato and egg-plant (a = without Tagetes, uni- This exudate thus obtained was designated as standard noculated; b = without Tagetes, inoculated; c = with Tagetes, (S). S/2, S/lO and S/lOO dilutions were also made from inoculated). the standard (S) by adding required amount of water. The root-exudate of T. tenuifolia was foundmost The test nematodes were transferred to 10 ml of diffe- toxic to R. renifomzis followed by T. brassicae and M. in- rent dilutions of root-exudatescontained in 40 mm cognita (Fig. 3). The inhibition in juvenile hatching from Revue Nématol. II (3) :369-370 (1988) 369 Mansoor A. Siddiqui di M. Mashkoor Alam hrs Plant weight Nernotodepopulation 8=37~08+23.98(~-2.001-48 0 ~=22.54+17.60(~-2.00)-24hrs ~=29.04+16~03~~-2.001-48hrs ~=18.44+16~22ix-2~00~-12hrs ~=lB.lDt12~78~~-2~00)-24hrs 1 (1 bc d Tomato Eggplant I n ~=33.04+19~561~-2.00)-48hrs ?=26.18+15.50(~-2.00)-24hrs ~~17~08+12~740(~-2~00~-12hrs I lo0 t Middle line &0=24hrs (1 bcd Lower line &O112 hrs Tornoto Eggplant I O0 500 gp5s.I j p con cent rotions of root erudates 50 a bc d a bc Co b bage Caulitlower Fig. 3. Regression lines showing linear relationships between different concentrations of root-exudates of Tagetes tenzlifolia Fig.2. Effect of interculture of Tagetes tenugolia on the and per cent mortality of Meloidogyne incognita larvae. population of Rotylenchulus renifomzis and Tylenchorhynchus etable cropson plant growth and nematode population.Acta brassicae and plant growthof their hosts (a = without Tagetes, Bot. indica, 5 : 33-39. uninoculated;b = without Tagetes, inoculated;c = with Tagetes, inoculated; d = Tagetes alone, inoculated). DAULTON, R.A. C. & CURTIS, R.F. (1963). The effects of Tagetes spp. onMeloidogyne javanica in Southern Rhodesia. eggmasses of M. incognita exposed to the root-exudate Nematologica, 9 : 357-362. for five days was 81.05 O/O at S concentration, 76.84 O/o at FLEGG,J. J. M. & HOOPER,D. J. (1970). Extraction of free- S/2, 48.97 O/O at SI10 and 15.30 O/o at StlOO. living stages from soil.In : Southey, J. F. (Ed.). Laboratoy These results are in agreement with thoseof previous methods for work with plant and soil nematodes, Tech. Bull. authors (Oostenbrink, 1960; Daulton & Curtis, 1963; No. 2, Min. Agr. Fish. Food, London, H. M. S. O. : 5-22. Hackney & Dickerson, 1975; Alam, Saxena & Khan, HACHNEY,R. W. & DICKERSON,O. J. (1975). Marigold, castor 1977) Who reported nemato-toxic properties of Tagetes bean, and chrysanthemum as controls ofMeloidogyne inco- spp. It is likely that theinhibitory substances are leached gnita and Pratylenchus alleni. J. Nematol., 7 : 84-90. outfrom roots which adversely affectnematode as OOSTENBRINK,M. (1960). Tagetes patula L. alsvoorvrucht van reported by Uhlenbroek and Bijloo (1958, 1959). ' enkele land-entuinbouwgewassen op zand-endalgroud.Me- ded. LandbHoogesch. OpzoekStns Gent, 25 : 1065-1075: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TAYLOR,A. L. & SASSER,J. N. (1978). Biology, identification We are thankful to Dr. Mohinder Pal, Head, Cytogenetics and control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). Coop. Lab., National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, for Pub. Dep.Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ. & providing authentic seeds of Tagetes tenugolia. U.S.A.I.D., Raleigh, N.C., 111 p. UHLENBROEK,J. H. & BIJLOO,J. D. (1958). Investigations on REFERENCES nematicides. 1. Isolationand structure ofa nematicidal principleoccurring in Tagetes roots. Rec. Trav.chim. AL&[, M. M. (1985). A simple method for in vitro screening Pays-Bas., 77 : 1004-1009. of- chemicals, for nematoxicity. Int. Nematol.Network. UHLENBROEK,J. H. & BIJLOO,J. D. (1959). Investigations-of Newsl., 2 : 6. nematicides. II. Structure of a second nematicidal principle ALAM, M. M., MASOOD, A. & HUSAIN,S. 1. (1975). Effect of isolated from Tagetes roots. Rec. Trav. chim. Pays-Bas, 78 : margosa and marigold root-exudates on mortality and larval 382-390. hatch ofcertain nematodes. Indian J. exp. Biol., 13 : WALLACE,H. R. (1963). Biology of plant parasitic nematodes. 412-414. London, Edward Arnold Ltd., VI11 f 280 p. ALAM,M. M., SAXENA,S. K. & KHAN, A.M. (1977). Influence of inter-culture of marigold and margosa with some veg- Accepte'pour publication le 3 septembre 198% 370 Revue Nématol. II (3) :369-370 (1988) .
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