[project name] Headland Archaeology [project code/job]

NEWT13

LAND AT MANOR FARM, NEWTON REGIS,

Heritage Assessment

for Fisher German

2nd February 2016

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001

LAND AT MANOR FARM, NEWTON REGIS, WARWICKSHIRE

Heritage Assessment

for Fisher German

2nd February 2016

HA Job no.: NEWT13/001 NGR: SK 27852 07322 Borough Council: Council

Project Manager: Joe Abrams Authors: Emma Jeffery & Jen Richards Approved by: Joe Abrams – Project Manager

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CONTENTS

1...... INTRODUCTION ...... 2 1.1 Planning Background ...... 2 1.2 Site Description ...... 2 2...... AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 3 3...... METHODOLOGY ...... 3 3.1 Study areas...... 3 3.2 Data sources ...... 3 3.3 Identification of heritage assets ...... 4 3.4 Assessment of heritage significance and importance ...... 4 4...... RESULTS ...... 5 4.1 Overview of the historic environment ...... 5 4.2 Assessment of heritage significance ...... 7 5...... PREDICTED EFFECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT ...... 9 6...... CONCLUSIONS ...... 11 7...... REFERENCES ...... 12 8...... APPENDIX 1: CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER STUDY AREA 13 9...... APPENDIX 2: ILLUSTRATIONS ...... 16

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LAND AT MANOR FARM, NEWTON REGIS, WARWICKSHIRE

HERITAGE ASSESSMENT

This report presents the findings of a heritage assessment for the proposed residential development on land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire, B79 0NA (centred at SK 27852 07322). This land is henceforth referred to as the Potential Development Area (PDA). The PDA lies within the historic core of the village at Newton Regis, which was a medieval (and potentially Saxon) settlement. Although there are no known archaeological assets in the PDA, excavations at the nearby Junior School have shown that archaeological deposits survive in the area. Much of the PDA remains open and undisturbed, and even those parts which have been built over consist of relatively free-standing barn structures which will not have significant foundations. There may be unknown sub-surface remains in the PDA, potentially relating to medieval activity (either settlement or agricultural), or post-medieval activity (possibly associated with the 18 th century Manor Farm). It is anticipated that further work may be required in relation to the potential buried archaeological resource. Our consultancy team, in liaison with the local planning authority archaeological advisor (AO), would discuss and determine (via the AO) the scope and timing of any such works. The PDA lies adjacent to a Conservation Area (Newton Regis). It is bordered by other farm buildings (notably Manor Farmhouse) to the north, shielding the view of the proposed development from Lane. Furthermore, the development will not be particularly dominating in the landscape. It will only be visible from parts of two listed buildings (Manor Farmhouse and Old Hall Farmhouse), and it is considered that the new residential development will be an aesthetic improvement on the 20 th century barns currently on the site. The development will not impact upon the evidential, historic, or communal value of the Conservation Area or Listed Buildings. The development will have no more than a negligible impact on the Conservation Area or any of the Listed Buildings in the vicinity.

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Planning Background Headland Archaeology was commissioned by Fisher German to undertake an assessment of the impact residential development of land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire, B79 0NA (centred at SK 27852 07322; Illus 1) on Heritage Assets in order to inform the need for and scope of any further intrusive archaeological work or mitigation. This comprised both an assessment of any physical impacts upon buried archaeological remains and impacts upon setting. An application for 15 dwellings (PAP/2015/0153) was refused in November 2015 because it did not comply with the requirement of Policy NW6 of the North Warwickshire Core Strategy for 40% of the homes to be affordable. No heritage concerns were raised by the Conservation Officer or the Planning Archaeologist to the 2015 application. Fisher German are now proposing a scheme with 14 dwellings in an alternative layout to that submitted in 2015 and requested Headland Archaeology update the original assessment. This document is the updated assessment.

1.2 Site Description The proposed development site lies in the centre of the village of Newton Regis in North Warwickshire, 5km to the north-east of Tamworth and c.1km to the west of the M42. The PDA itself is positioned to the south of Austrey Lane, c.50m to the west of St Mary’s Church (centred on SK 27852 07322). It is bordered by open fields to the south and west; open fields and gardens / Farm buildings to the east; and Farm buildings to the north (leading onto Austrey Lane) (Illus 1).

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001

Current land-use consists of Farm buildings, paddocks, and access tracks (Illus 19-24). There are three large barns in the north-central part of the site (forming a rectangle), with a paddock behind (to the south), a further three smaller barns to the south of this (in a T-shape), and two more in the western part of the site (forming a square). A track runs between these and around the site. The site is broadly flat, at approximately 77mOD, rising slightly to the north-east.

2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The assessment has been carried out according to the Standard and guidance for historic environment desk- based assessment published by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2014), and aims to: • Collate all available written, graphic, photographic and electronic information relevant to the development site; • Describe the nature, extent and significance of the historic environment within the area potentially affected by the development, identifying any uncertainties in existing knowledge; • Determine the potential impact of the proposed development; and • Identify any requirements for further investigation that may be necessary to understand the effects of the proposed development on the historic environment.

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study areas Two areas have been used in assembling and presenting the data: • The Inner Study-Area: This takes in the Proposed Development Area (PDA). All available data sources have been consulted for this area. • The Outer Study Area: This extends 1km from the boundary of the PDA and has been used to gather background data to inform the assessment of the development area’s archaeological potential as well as to identify designated assets with potential for significant impacts to their setting.

3.2 Data sources The assessment has been based on a study of all readily available documentary sources, following the CIfA Standards and Guidance (CIfA 2014). The following sources of information were referred to: • Archaeological records held by Warwickshire Historic Environment Record (HER) • Historic maps and plans held in the Warwickshire Records Office. • Published sources available at the Warwickshire Records Office or online. • Historic Landscape Characterisation records held by Warwickshire Historic Environment Record. • The Victoria County History (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/) • MAGIC (Multi-Agency Geographical Information for the Countryside, www.magic.defra.gov.uk) and Heritage Gateway (www.heritagegateway.org.uk) A site visit was undertaken on Tuesday 10th December 2013 to examine the PDA and Heritage Assets (HA’s) within the inner study area. In addition HA’s within the surrounding outer study area were examined as appropriate. It afforded the opportunity to check the condition of known Heritage Assets (HAs) and to try and identify unknown HAs (e.g. earthworks). The site visit confirmed the current land-use and boundaries of the PDA and considered the contribution made by setting to the significance of designated assets within the study area. As no changes in the baseline heritage data have occurred, a further site visit in 2016 was not considered necessary. HER data was obtained in December 2013. The limited amount of development in Newton Regis means that no additional assets are predicted to have been identified and added to the HER, and an updated search has not been requested for this assessment.

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001

3.3 Identification of heritage assets A heritage asset is defined in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (Annex 2) as ‘a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest’. The assessment identifies all known heritage assets potentially affected by the proposed development, and estimates the potential for currently unknown heritage assets. Heritage assets within the study area are shown on Illus. 2 with a detail of the Conservation Area on Illus 3 and Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) data on Illus 4. Designated heritage assets are labelled with the list entry number which refers to them in the National Heritage List for ; undesignated assets with the reference number in the Warwickshire Historic Environment Record (HER). Previously unrecorded assets have been assigned an Asset number (prefixed HA for Heritage Asset). The likelihood that significant undiscovered heritage assets may be present within the Inner Study Area is referred to as archaeological potential . Overall levels of potential can be assigned to different landscape zones, following the criteria in Table 1, while recognising that the archaeological potential of any zone will relate to particular historical periods and types of evidence. The following factors are considered in assessing archaeological potential: • The distribution and character of known archaeological remains in the vicinity, based principally on an appraisal of data in the Warwickshire HER; • The history of archaeological fieldwork and research in the surrounding area, which may give an indication of the reliability and completeness of existing records; • Environmental factors such as geology, topography and soil quality, which would have influenced land- use in the past and can therefore be used to predict the distribution of archaeological remains; • Land-use factors affecting the survival of archaeological remains, such as ploughing or commercial forestry planting; and • Factors affecting the visibility of archaeological remains, which may relate to both environment and land-use, such as soils and geology (which may be more or less conducive to formation of cropmarks), arable cultivation (which has potential to show cropmarks and create surface artefact scatters), vegetation, which can conceal upstanding features, and superficial deposits such as peat and alluvium which can mask archaeological features. Table 1: Archaeological potential Potential Definition High Undiscovered heritage assets are almost certainly present Moderate Undiscovered heritage assets are likely to be present Low The study area may contain undiscovered heritage assets, but these are unlikely to be numerous Negligible The study area is highly unlikely to contain undiscovered heritage assets of any level of importance. Nil There is no possibility of undiscovered heritage assets existing within the study area.

3.4 Assessment of heritage significance and importance The significance of heritage assets is assessed, following the requirement in NPPF paragraph 128, and taking account of Historic England’s guidance in Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment (GPA2). Significance, in relation to heritage policy, is defined by the NPPF (Glossary, Annex 2) as “the value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.” Setting is defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: “the surroundings in which an asset is experienced. All heritage assets have a setting, irrespective of the form in which they survive and whether they are designated or not. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance, or may be neutral.”

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001

Where potential impacts on the settings of a heritage assets are identified, the assessment of significance includes ‘assessing whether, how and to what degree these settings make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s)’, following Step 2 of the staged approach to setting recommended in Historic England’s guidance in The Setting of Heritage Assets (GPA3). Attributes of an asset’s setting which can contribute to its significance are listed on page 9 of GPA3. The importance of a heritage asset is the overall value assigned to it based on its heritage significance, reflecting its statutory designation or, in the case of undesignated assets, the professional judgement of the assessor (Table 2). Historic England guidance also refers to an asset’s ‘level of significance’ (GPA2, paragraph 10), which in this usage has the same meaning as importance. Nationally and internationally designated assets are assigned to the highest two levels of importance. Grade II Listed Buildings and Grade II Registered Parks & Gardens are considered of medium importance, reflecting the lower level of policy protection provided by the NPPF (paragraph 132). Conservation Areas are not assigned to either level of importance by the NPPF but their status as local designations and their omission from the National Heritage List justifies their classification here as assets of medium importance. Other non-designated assets which are considered of local importance only are assigned to a low level of importance. Following the NPPF (Annex 2), a historic feature which lacks ‘a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest’ is not considered to be a heritage asset; it may also be said to have negligible heritage importance. Table 2: Criteria for Assessing the Importance of Heritage Assets Importance of the Criteria asset Very high World Heritage Sites and other assets of equal international importance High Grade I and II* Registered Parks and Gardens, Scheduled Monuments, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Battlefields, Grade I and II* Listed Buildings, and undesignated heritage assets of equal importance Medium Conservation Areas, Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens, Grade II Listed Buildings, heritage assets on local lists and undesignated assets of equal importance Low Undesignated heritage assets of lesser importance

4 RESULTS

4.1 Overview of the historic environment

Previous investigations No previous archaeological investigations have been undertaken in the PDA. Only one archaeological investigation has been undertaken in the outer study-area – an evaluation on the site of the Junior School, c.150m to the north-east of the PDA (MWA7225, MWA7228, MWA7349). This uncovered the remains of medieval ridge and furrow, a boundary ditch, possible medieval house platforms, and an early 20th century linear earthwork.

Geology and geomorphology The underlying geology of the PDA is the Tarporley Siltstone Formation (a mixture of siltstone, mudstone, and sandstone) (British Geological Survey Website: www.bgs.ac.uk ).

Prehistoric & Roman The HER records no evidence for prehistoric activity in the PDA or outer study-area. No individual findspots are recorded, and no features or finds have been uncovered in archaeological investigations. Similarly, the HER records no evidence for Roman activity in the study-areas, with no individual findspots or evidence for activity in archaeological investigations.

Anglo-Saxon & Medieval Newton Regis is not specifically mentioned in the Domesday Book, although it has been suggested that the entry for may also encompass Newton Regis, as the church at Newton was a chapel of Seckington in Henry II’s time. The 2.5 hides held by Juhell of William son of Corbucion may therefore refer to some activity in Newton Regis, potentially even a settlement (British History Online).

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001

The first documentary reference to Newton Regis is from 1159 when it was granted by the king to Geoffrey Savage. The value of Newton, at this time, is said to be £10. There are then documentary references concerning the settlement, and ownership of it, throughout the medieval period (British History Online). The “Regis” part of the place-name is Latin for “of the king”, and normally recalls the historical ownership of land by royalty. Newton Regis is believed to have been given its royal title by Henry II, but later became known as “Newton-in-the-Thistles”, and may have then regained its royal suffix after Charles I prayed at the church before a battle at Seckington ( and North Warwickshire Family History Society). The “Newton” part of the place-name simply means “New town”. It is believed that the medieval settlement was concentrated along the present Austrey Lane, around the church, as is supported by the excavations at the Junior School which uncovered potential house platforms (Section 5.2.3). Furthermore, the 1795 Inclosure Map (Illus 7) shows the remnants of strip fields behind the houses fronting onto the main road in this area – possibly the remnants of the medieval layout of the village. The Historic Landscape Characterisation Records also suggest that the medieval settlement of Newton Regis was concentrated in this area (Illus 4). No archaeological evidence for Anglo-Saxon activity has been uncovered in the study-areas, although it is possible (Section 4), that there was some Anglo-Saxon activity in the area and that the archaeological evidence for this is just lacking. The remains of ridge-and-furrow (indicating the existence of medieval agriculture) are identifiable in numerous places around the village – particularly to the northeast and southeast of the village (highlighted on Illus 2). The Historic Landscape Characterisation Records (Appendix 1 Table 2, Illus 4) have identified this in numerous places. Furthermore, excavations at Newton Regis Junior School, some 150m to the north-east of the PDA, uncovered traces of ridge and furrow, the remains of a probable boundary ditch, and earthworks that were interpreted as medieval house platforms (MWA7228; MWA7349).

Post-Medieval & Modern Occupation continued throughout the post-medieval period. It remained concentrated in the area around the Church and High Street, with listed buildings dating from the 16th – 18th centuries in this area (Section 6.1). The economy was based around farming, with a number of farmhouses and farms in the village, and the Historic Landscape Characterisation Records recording numerous post-medieval fields of different sizes and types. Only one record of a post-medieval archaeological feature is recorded in the HER – a linear earthwork of modern date uncovered during the evaluation at the Junior School (MWA7225). Other references in the HER refer to documentary / cartographic features, such as the site of a smithy (MWA6533) and toll road (MWA2455). However, it is clear, based on the cartographic evidence (Section 5.3) and numerous listed buildings in the village (Section 6.1), that settlement continued throughout the post-medieval period in Newton Regis. A number of buildings are shown within the PDA on historic mapping (Illus 3: HA1, HA2, HA3, HA4). These are most likely to be barns associated with Manor Farm and replaced with later buildings as the farm has evolved. The earliest map available is Saxton’s 1576 ‘Map of Warwickshire’ (Illus 5). This names Newton Regis as ‘Newton’, and depicts it with a church, alongside other villages (Austrey, Applebey, etc). This shows that Newton Regis was an established village by the 16th century. Speede’s 1610 Map, Blome’s 1673 Map, and Morden’s 1695 Map (not illustrated) show the village in the same way, with no extra detail. Yates and Sons’ 1787-9 ‘Map of Warwickshire’ (Illus 6) shows the village in slightly more detail. The church is shown, with buildings flanking the road (to the west of the church) on both sides. The PDA would be positioned partly over these buildings, and partly over the fields to the rear of these. The 1795 Inclosure Map (Illus 7) is the first to show the PDA in any detail. The PDA covers two main fields, labelled 87 and 88 (these are strip fields, stretching back from the road). Two buildings (HA3 and HA4) are positioned within the north-eastern part of the PDA however these do not survive today – it seems likely that they were farm outbuildings of some sort. Buildings are positioned to the north of the PDA along Austrey Lane, including Manor Farmhouse (constructed in 1718). The 1886 OS Map (Illus 8) shows the PDA in broadly the same way, with the majority of it consisting of open fields behind the buildings on Austrey Lane. The fields appear to have been divided up more by this date, with some of these being depicted with trees. Three buildings are shown within the PDA – one in the north-eastern part (HA3) which was also shown on the 1795 Inclosure Map; and two (HA1 and HA2) in the north-western part – neither of these survive today.

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001

The 1924 OS Map (Illus 9) shows the PDA in broadly the same way as the 1886 OS Map, with fields behind buildings on Austrey Lane. The field layout on this map is the same as on the previous map. Some additions to the building in the north-eastern part of the PDA are shown, however otherwise the PDA remains the same. The 1956 OS Map (Illus 10) shows the same field layout as the 1924 OS Map, and the same arrangement of buildings in the north-eastern and north-western areas. The main change is the addition of two buildings in the central part of the PDA – these are presumably barns, and the northern one may be one which survives today. Changes to the PDA since the 1956 Map include the construction of all of the barns in the PDA (aside from one in the centre). This has changed the layout of the majority of the PDA entirely. The changes made to the site in the 20th century, with the construction of the present barns etc, mean that few of the historic boundaries survive. This is with the exception of the boundary along the eastern part of the site, which is shown on the 1795 Inclosure Plan and remains today.

4.2 Assessment of heritage significance

Known heritage assets within the Inner Study Area The PDA shares boundaries with two Grade II listed buildings, although the only designated heritage asset within the PDA is a small part of the Newton Regis Conservation Area. The sites of four buildings are recorded within the PDA on historic mapping, but these were demolished before the current buildings were constructed, if below ground remains of these buildings survive within the PDA they would be heritage assets of low importance. Table 3: Heritage assets within the Inner Study Area Asset no. Asset name Period Importance HA1 Site of building 19th century Low HA2 Site of building 19th century Low HA3 Site of building 18th century Low HA4 Site of building 18th century Low Newton Regis Conservation Area Medieval to Medium Modern

Archaeological potential of the Inner Study Area Investigations and findspots in the outer study area, alongside the known history of the area, allow reasonable predictions to be made with regard to the likely remains on the site. These comprise remains relating to the medieval settlement at Newton Regis, or remains relating to agricultural activity in this period. Furthermore, remains relating to post-medieval activity on the site, particularly agricultural activity in association with Manor Farm, could be uncovered. Current land-use on the site consists of a series of barns associated with Manor Farm. This includes three large barns in the north-central part of the site, some in the far southern part, and some in the eastern part (Illus 19-21). These were constructed in the later 20th century (after the 1957 OS Map). Although it seems likely that the construction of these buildings would have involved some intrusive ground disturbance, they are relatively free-standing and are unlikely to have significant foundations which would have truncated all archaeological deposits. There is the potential for archaeological deposits to survive beneath the current buildings. Moreover, there are significant parts of the PDA which do not have buildings constructed on them and, based on cartographic evidence, have not had buildings in recent history. These areas have not been disturbed by recent development, and so there is an even greater potential for archaeological deposits to survive here.

Heritage assets in the Outer Study area

Listed Buildings Numerous listed buildings are recorded in the outer study-area. There are no Grade I listed buildings, one Grade II* building (St Mary’s Church), and the remainder are Grade II buildings. Each of these are discussed in turn.

St Mary’s Church (DWA481) The church is the core of the medieval, and later, settlement of Newton Regis, positioned c.150m to the east of the PDA fronting onto Austrey Lane. It is believed to be 12th century in date, with a 13th / 14th century tower,

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001 early 14th century chancel and nave, and 15th century southern porch. It was restored in 1905. The church derives its value from its architectural style, historical associations (particularly with its commemorative monuments), communal ties (it has been a place of worship since the medieval period and acts as a central point in Newton Regis), and aesthetic quality.

Manor Farmhouse (DWA482) This early 18th century farmhouse retains many of its original features, with its Flemish bonded brickwork, moulded wood mordillion cornice, and tiled roof. It is positioned directly adjacent to the PDA – to the north fronting onto Austrey Lane. Its value derives partly from its evidential value, as an example of the type of 18th century farmhouses being constructed in Newton Regis and reflecting the importance of agriculture to this community, and in its aesthetic value, adding to the generally pleasing nature of the central core of the village.

Old Hall Farmhouse (DWA777) This mid-18th century farmhouse, now converted into a house, is another example of the type of farmhouses found within Newton Regis. It is also positioned directly adjacent to the PDA, bordering the eastern side of the PDA and positioned on the small road here. It retains broadly its original form, aside from a mid-19th century addition. It has both evidential and aesthetic value.

The Post Office (DWA280) The post-office is an early/mid 18th century structure, with a 17th century rear wing and late 20th century alterations. It is positioned just to the west of the PDA, on the southern side of Austrey Lane. It has aesthetic and evidential value because of its historic nature.

Ivy House and Laurel Cottage (DWA281) These two 18th century cottages, which form part of a row of cottages in the centre of Newton Regis, are good examples of the type of properties constructed in the 18th century in Newton Regis. They are positioned c.100m to the west of the PDA, on the southern side of Austrey Lane. They have some evidential value in relation to the historic core of the village, and aesthetic value as part of the group of attractive cottages found in the centre of the village.

Olde Thatch and Tallett’s Thatch Farmhouse (DWA479) These two thatched cottages, believed to have originally been 17th century stables which were converted into dwellings in the 18th / 19th centuries, are positioned beside Ivy House and Laurel Cottage, on the southern side of Austrey Lane some 120m to the west of the PDA. These have aesthetic value, particularly with their thatched nature, and evidential value in relation to the development of Newton Regis.

Rose Cottage (DWA690) This cottage consists of two main parts which were originally separate dwellings – the left part is 17th century, and the right part is early/mid 19th century. There are also 20th century alterations to this building. It is positioned on the southern side of Austrey Lane, beside Ivy House and Laurel Cottage, some 80m to the west of the PDA. This building has evidential and aesthetic value, much like the other listed buildings in the conservation area, and adds to the general appeal of the historic core of Newton Regis, particularly with its positioning directly alongside other listed buildings.

The White House (DWA778) This cottage was originally a farmhouse. It is 16th / 17th century in date, timber-framed with whitewashed brick, and with a thatched roof. It is also positioned on the southern side of Austrey Lane, west of the PDA, and beside Olde Thatch and Tallett’s Thatch Farmhouse. This has evidential value, increased because of the Level 2-3 Historic Building Survey which was carried out on the building (Cherrington and Meeson, 2010), and aesthetic value, particularly in its grouping alongside other designated buildings.

Pool Cottage (DWA279) This 17th century thatched cottage retains broadly its original form, with some 19th century rebuilding. It is positioned to the north-west of the PDA, on the northern side of Austrey Lane. It has evidential and aesthetic value.

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001

Newton House (DWA691) This 19th century house broadly retains its original form, with its sandstone ashlar exterior and hipped slate roof. It is positioned c.120m to the north of the PDA, on the western side of St Mary’s Grove. It has evidential value because of its unaltered state, and aesthetic value which adds to the overall feel of the historic centre of Newton Regis.

K6 Telephone Kiosk (DWA776) This is an example of a type K6 telephone kiosk, designed in 1935 by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. This has evidential value (as an example of this type of telephone kiosk), communal value (because of its use by members of the community), and historic value (because of its association with particular individuals and developments).

Conservation Areas The PDA lies directly adjacent to Newton Regis Conservation Area. The northern boundary of the PDA falls on the boundary of the Conservation Area, with access to the PDA being gained through the Conservation Area. The designation report for the Conservation Area describes it as follows: Newton Regis is the only village in North Warwickshire within which there still remains several unspoilt thatched cottages. The original core of this linear settlement has fortunately experienced little change. The village consequently retains its rural character, which is doubtless largely accounted for by the presence of three well established farm complexes. The main road widens out in the centre of the village where the duck pond forms the focal point, flanked by a pair of thatched cottages (now converted to one dwelling), with the School House in the background and the village stores and post office opposite. Unlike many other small villages in the Borough, Newton Regis still retains its own school, itself an attractive old building. The school lies to the rear of the parish church, which dates from the 13th Century. Other key elements which contribute towards the character of the village are the public house, The Queens Head, which lies to the rear of The Cottages; the Mission Room on the corner of Main Road and Hames Lane; a number of attractive residential properties; and several important trees and tree groups. The majority of older buildings in the village are of red brick and tile/slate construction. Although several thatches have been replaced by plain clay tiles for economic reasons, a handful still remain. Most of the original farm houses and outbuildings have experienced few alterations, but modern replacements and additions to the outbuildings have inevitably been constructed over the years. Fortunately the majority of these modern outbuildings lie to the rear of the main farm complexes, with the exception of those at Newton Farm. Although the village has experienced a significant amount of new residential development during the post war period, this has been mainly confined to those areas outside the old village core. Some replacement dwellings and the infilling of vacant plots of land have taken place within the heart of the village. These have been on a fairly small scale however, and do not detract from the essential elements which contribute towards the overall character. The value of the Conservation Area lies mainly in its historic buildings, many of which are listed (Section 6.1), and the general character of the central core of the village, centred around the duck pond. The Conservation Area has aesthetic value (with its appealing layout and buildings), communal value (as the village is home to many individuals who relate to it), historical value (the lives of past peoples were connected with the village), and some evidential value (the information it provides about the early development of the village). There have been very few recent changes to the Conservation Area. The 20th century semi-detached housing estates lie outside the Conservation Area, mainly to the north and east of the historic core of the village, and are not dominating in appearance. They have a minor impact on the setting of the Conservation Area, only being slightly visible when entering or exiting the village. Similarly, there have been modern additions to the Farm-buildings, with the construction of outbuildings to the rear of many of the farmhouses. The buildings at Manor Farm, on the PDA, are examples of this. These are, however, all outside the Conservation Area and not generally visible from Austrey Lane or the historic core of the village.

5 PREDICTED EFFECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT The PDA is set back behind the main street and bordered by Farm buildings, so will not be directly visible from Austrey Lane (aside from in small gaps between buildings, particularly the gap between the buildings to the east

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Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001 of Manor Farmhouse, Illus 26). Furthermore, the nature of the proposed development, consisting of residential properties and associated route-ways, will not dominate the landscape in any way. It will have a negligible impact upon the Conservation Area. The PDA will not generally be visible from the heritage assets in Newton Regis. This is with the exceptions of Manor Farmhouse, where parts of the PDA may be visible from the rear of the Farmhouse (Illus 17 shows the current view of the PDA from Manor Farmhouse); and Old Hall Farmhouse, where parts may be visible from the southern end. However, the Farm buildings between both of these farmhouses and the PDA will block the majority of the view of the PDA from these heritage assets. The proposed development is sited directly adjacent to the Newton Regis Conservation Area, in the historic core of the village. It is bordered by Farm buildings such that, once the development is completed, it will not be visible from the main street through the village (aside from in one gap between the buildings directly to the east of the Farmhouse, Illus 26). Illustrations 12 and 13 show the current view along Austrey Lane from the west, and show that, although Manor Farmhouse itself can be seen, no part of the PDA (which is positioned behind Manor Farmhouse) will be visible. Illustration 15 shows the same thing from the east. Illustration 14 shows the view towards the PDA from the duck-pond, and shows that no part of the PDA is visible (just the buildings fronting Austrey Lane to the north of the PDA). Furthermore, the proposed development will not be particularly dominating and will not overshadow or overlook the village. It will have a negligible impact on the aesthetic value of the Conservation Area. The proposed development will not have a detrimental effect on the evidential or historic value of the Conservation Area (as the evidence which can be gained about the past development of Newton Regis will still be there, as will the stories about the lives of past peoples connected with the village). There will be no detrimental impact on the communal value of the Conservation Area either, as people in the village will still have the connections to the village. It could be argued that this communal value will be strengthened as more individuals live in the village and feel connected to it. There may be some detrimental effects on the setting of the Conservation Area during the construction on the PDA. This is because of the movement of machinery in, out, and around the site, plus the noise created during the construction period. The proposed development will only be visible from two Heritage Assets - the rear of Manor Farmhouse and the southern end of Old Hall Farmhouse. It will only be visible from parts of these buildings (and arguably only from the upper floors), due to the positioning of other buildings between them and the PDA. Illustration 17 shows the view from the rear of Manor Farmhouse into the PDA today, and shows that only a small portion of the PDA will be visible. Furthermore, there are currently 20th century barns on the PDA, and it is arguable that the proposed residential development will be more aesthetically-pleasing than these barns. The aesthetic value of these listed buildings will not, therefore be lessened by the proposed development, and neither will their evidential value.The proposed development will involve relatively significant groundworks across the PDA. These will be for the construction of the houses, plus the insertion of services, etc. In parts of the PDA, this excavation will be into ground which has not previously been disturbed / developed. Elsewhere, it will be into ground which has been disturbed to an extent by the construction of the existing barns. It is possible that archaeological remains could be encountered during this development. In particular, remains associated with medieval activity (settlement or agriculture) could be encountered, as could remains associated with post-medieval agricultural activity including remains of a building shown in the west of the PDA on historic mapping. These would be damaged through the construction process.

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Table 4: Predicted effects Description of Significance Negative impacts of Positive impacts of HA of HA development on HA development on HA Newton Regis High During the construction The overall setting of the Conservation period there may be some Conservation Area would not be Area detrimental effects on the detrimentally affected by this setting of the Conservation proposed development. It is Area, because of the screened from the main road and movement of machinery in historic core of the village by a and around it, etc. number of other buildings, and will Following completion of the not be particularly dominating over development there may the village. It will not, therefore, be also be some detrimental a visible presence in the central effects in terms of the core of the village and will not increased number of have a detrimental effect on the people in the village. aesthetic value of the Conservation Area. The evidential, historic, and communal value of the Conservation Area will not be affected.

Manor Moderate The proposed development It is arguable that the proposed Farmhouse will be visible from parts of residential development may be the rear of Manor more aesthetically-pleasing than Farmhouse. During the the current 20th century farm construction period, there outbuildings, when viewed from may be some detrimental Manor Farmhouse. The proposed effects to the setting of this development will not have an asset, with the disruption impact on the aesthetic or caused by the movement evidential value of Manor of machinery, etc. Farmhouse. Old Hall Moderate The proposed development It is arguable that the proposed Farmhouse will be visible from parts of residential development may be the southern end of Old more aesthetically-pleasing than Hall Farmhouse. During the the current 20th century farm construction period, there outbuildings, when viewed from may be some detrimental Old Hall Farmhouse. The effects to the setting of this proposed development will not asset, with the disruption have an impact on the aesthetic or caused by the movement evidential value of Old Hall of machinery, etc. Farmhouse.

6 CONCLUSIONS The PDA lies within the historic core of the village at Newton Regis, which was a medieval (and potentially Saxon) settlement. A building shown on historic maps of the PDA (and probably an 18th or 19th century barn) may survive as below ground remains. Excavations at the nearby Junior School have shown that archaeological deposits survive in this area. Much of the PDA remains open and undisturbed, and even those parts which have been built over consist of relatively free-standing barn structures which are unlikely to have - 11 -

Land at Manor Farm, Newton Regis, Warwickshire Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd NEWT13/001 significant foundations. The development may impact on unknown sub-surface remains in the PDA, potentially relating to medieval activity (either settlement or agricultural), or post-medieval activity (possibly associated with Manor Farm). Such remains would be of both local and regional interest, providing information about the early development of Newton Regis. It is anticipated that some further work may be required in relation to the potential buried archaeological resource. Our consultancy team, in liaison with the local planning authority archaeological advisor (AO) would discuss and determine (via the AO) the scope and timing of any such works. The PDA lies adjacent to a Conservation Area (Newton Regis). It is bordered by other farm buildings (notably Manor Farmhouse) to the north, shielding the view of the proposed development from Austrey Lane and meaning that the overall aesthetic value of the village will not be impacted upon by the development. Furthermore, the development will not be particularly dominating in the landscape. The proposed development will only be visible from parts of two listed buildings (Manor Farmhouse and Old Hall Farmhouse), and it is arguable that the new residential development will be an aesthetic improvement on the 20th century farm outbuildings currently on the site. The development will not impact upon the evidential, historic, or communal value of the Conservation Area or Listed Buildings. The limited visibility of the proposed development from within the Conservation Area, and the layout of the proposed development will result in no harm to the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. There is potential for the development to harm below ground archaeological features if they are present within the site. Such features are most likely to be remains of medieval or post-medieval agricultural activity of low importance.

7 REFERENCES

Bibliographic Cherrington R and Meeson B. 2010 The White House, Main Road, Newton Regis, Tamworth, Warwickshire: A Programme of Archaeological Building Recording CIfA 2014 Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment (updated Dec 2014). http://www.archaeologists.net/codes/ifa English Heritage 2008 Conservation Principles: Policies and Guidance Historic England 2015 Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment (Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 2). https://historicengland.org.uk/images- books/publications/gpa2-managing-significance-in-decision-taking/ Historic England 2015 The Setting of Heritage Assets (Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3). https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/gpa3-setting-of-heritage-assets/

Websites British Geological Survey: http://www.bgs.ac.uk Accessed 6th December 2013. British History Online: Salzman, A History of the County of : Volume 4 Hemlingford Hundred (1946) http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42673 Accessed 6th December 2013. Heritage Gateway, http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/ Accessed 6th December 2013. Magic Map, http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx Accessed 6th December 2013. Nuneaton and North Warwickshire Family History, Newton Regis, http://www.nnwfhs.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37 Accessed 6th December 2013.

Cartographic Blome’s Map of Warwickshire, 1673 Morden’s Map of Warwickshire, 1695 Newton Regis Inclosure Map, 1795 OS Maps. Various dates and scales. Sexton’s Map of Warwickshire, 1576 Speede’s Map of Warwickshire, 1610

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8 APPENDIX 1: CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER STUDY AREA Table 1: Gazetteer of undesignated heritage assets within the inner study area Number Record Type Period Name Addition detail Value of Heritage Asset using Conservation used in text Designated? Principles (EH 2008) Evidential, Historic, Aesthetic, and Grade Communal OR Destroyed/Demolished (may retain Figures sub-surface evidential value) HA1 Monument Post- Site of barn Building shown on 1795 map Evidential Medieval HA2 Monument Post- Site of barn Building shown on 1795 map Evidential Medieval HA3 Monument Post- Site of barn Building shown on 1795 map Evidential Medieval HA4 Monument Post- Site of barn Building shown on 1795 map Evidential Medieval MWA185 / Listed Building. Medieval Church of St Mary Medieval church. Probable 12th century or earlier main body. Lower part of the tower dates from the early 13th Evidential, Historic, Communal, Aesthetic DWA481 Grade II* century, rest of tower is 14th century. Chancel and nave rebuilt in early 14th century. 15th century southern porch. Restored 1905. MWA9547 Cartographic / Medieval Medieval Documentary evidence for the manor from 1159 when it was granted to Geoffrey Savage. Possible extent of the Evidential documentary settlement? settlement based on the 1885 OS Map - concentrated along the main road; remnants of strip fields behind the plots record on the southern side; ridge and furrow to the northwest and southeast. MWA7228 Earthwork Medieval House platforms? Archaeological evaluation at Newton Regis Junior School revealed earthworks that were interpreted as medieval Evidential house platforms. MWA7349 Monument Medieval Ridge and furrow Archaeological evaluation at Newton Regis Junior School revealed traces of ridge and furrow, and a ditch which was Evidential probably a field boundary on the edge of the village. MWA2455 Cartographic / Post- Toll road Toll road or turnpike road, established between 1770 and 1775. Situated 110m northeast of Seckington and runs to Evidential. Destroyed / Demolished. documentary Medieval No Man’s Heath. Recently built over by road-widening scheme. record MWA6533 Cartographic Post- Site of smithy A blacksmith’s workshop, used between second half of 18th century and early 20th century. Marked on 1901 OS Evidential. Destroyed / Demolished. record Medieval Map. MWA7225 Earthwork Post- Linear feature A linear feature surviving as an earthwork, situated 150m southeast of Newton Regis Junior School, was investigated Evidential Medieval before new classrooms were built. It is believed to date to the early 20th century, however little information was obtained from it. DWA281 Listed Building. Post- Ivy House and Two cottages, part of a row. 18th century with 19th century addition and late 20th century alterations. Colourwashed Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval Laurel Cottage brick with brick dentil cornices. L-plan (main range at right-angles to the road). 2 storeys. 4-window range. 20th century plain-tile roof with gable parapets. DWA482 Listed Building. Post- Manor Farmhouse Farmhouse, dated 1718. Flemish bond brick, with moulded wood modillion cornice. Plain-tile roof with brick end Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval stacks. Central staircase plan. 2 storeys and an attic. 5-window range. 19th / 20th century half-glazed door. Moulded wood doorcase has pilaster strips and segmental hood on scrolled brackets. 19th / 20th century wood cross windows with horizontal glazing bar and gauged brick flat arches. Central windows has painted keystone with segmental pediment and date and initials ‘R.S’. Three hipped roof dormers have moulded wood cornices and 2-light casements with horizontal glazing bar. DWA691 Listed Building. Post- Newton House House, dated c1830. Sandstone ashlar with string course and moulded cornice. Hipped slate roof with parapet, brick Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval internal stacks. Double-pile plan. 2 storeys. 3 by 3 bays. DWA777 Listed Building. Post- Old Hall Farmhouse, now house, dated mid-18th century with mid-19th century addition to right. Flemish bond brick with brick Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval Farmhouse dentil cornices and some regular coursed sandstone. Plain-tile roof, with brick end and external and ridge stacks. Complex T-plan. 2 storeys and basement and attic. 6 bays. Front is at right-angles to road. DWA479 Listed Building. Post- Olde Thatch and Two cottages, part of a row. Reputed to originally have been 17th century stables, raised and converted to dwellings Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval Tallett’s Thatch 18th / 19th century. Originally timber-framed, but largely rebuilt in 18th / 19th century brick. Thatched, with brick ridge Cottage stacks. Each cottage is a 2-unit plan, with 2 storeys and 2 window-range. DWA279 Listed Building. Post- Pool Cottage 17th century cottage, with some 19th century rebuilding to the right. Timber-framed with rendered and whitewashed Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval brick infill. Thatched roof, with whitewashed brick ridge and right-end external stacks. 3-unit plan. One storey and attic. 2-window range. DWA690 Listed Building. Post- Rose Cottage Cottage, formerly two. Left part, originally a separate dwelling, is 17th century (refaced or partly rebuilt in the early Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval 19th century); right part is early/mid 19th century. Mid/late 20th century alterations. Plain-tile roof with brick end stacks. 2-unit plan. Two storeys. Two-window range. DWA280 Listed Building. Post- The Post Office House, now post office and shop. Early / mid 18th century with 17th century rear wing and late 20th century Evidential, Communal, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval alterations. Brick. Plain tile with brick end stacks. L-plan. Two storeys. Two-window range.

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DWA778 Listed Building. Post- The White House Cottage, originally a farmhouse, part of a row. 16th / 17th century. Timber-framed with whitewashed brick and some Evidential, Aesthetic Grade II Medieval plastered infilled. Thatched with 19th century brick end stacks. L-plan with wing on left to rear. One storey and attic. Two bays. A level 2-3 Historic Building Survey was carried out in 2010. DWA776 Listed Building. Modern K6 Telephone Telephone kiosk, type K6, designed in 1935 by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. Cast iron. Square kiosk with domed roof. Evidential, Communal, Historic Grade II kiosk Unknown to Post- Historic core of HWA1469 Settlement Medieval Newton Regis Marked on Greenwood’s Map. Evidential, Historic, Aesthetic, Communal Unknown to Post- Large irregular HWA1454 Fieldscapes Medieval fields Predominantly large irregular fields. Evidential Unknown to Post- Medium to large rectilinear fields with very straight boundaries in a formal, planned, geometric layout. Some field HWA1435 Fieldscapes Medieval Planned enclosure boundaries have been lost since the OS 1st Edition. Evidential Unknown to Post- Small rectilinear Small rectilinear fields with straight boundaries on the edge of Newton Regis village. They contain evidence of ridge HWA1471 Fieldscapes Medieval fields and furrow and possible house platforms and earthworks of the Medieval village. Evidential Unknown Small generally rectilinear fields although some boundaries have slight reverse 'S' curves. Difficult to decide whether to Post- Small rectilinear this is planned enclosure or piecemeal enclosure, probably a mixture of both. Ridge and furrow suggest was once HWA1561 Fieldscapes Medieval fields medieval open fields. Evidential Unknown Large irregular fields with predominantly curvilinear boundaries on the edge of Newton Regis. Evidence of ridge and to Post- Large irregular furrow in fields. In very southern part possible house platforms or earthworks relating to the Medieval settlement of HWA1472 Fieldscapes Medieval fields Newton Regis. Evidential Unknown to Post- Large irregular Large irregular fields with predominantly curvilinear boundaries. Evidence of ridge and furrow suggests previously HWA1610 Fieldscapes Medieval fields medieval open fields. Evidential Unknown to Post- Piecemeal Small-medium size irregular fields with predominantly curvilinear boundaries with reverse 'S' shape. Evidence of HWA1611 Fieldscapes Medieval enclosure ridge and furrow in area suggest previously medieval open fields. Evidential Unknown to Post- Piecemeal Medium irregular fields with reverse 'S' boundaries implying piecemeal enclosure. No change to pattern or HWA1477 Fieldscapes Medieval enclosure boundaries since OS 1st Edition. Evidential Unknown to Post- Paddocks and Small rectilinear fields with straight boundaries. Probably planned enclosure but the small size of these fields and HWA1478 Fieldscapes Medieval Closes locality next to Newton Regis village suggest they are paddocks and closes. Evidential Unknown to Post- HWA1479 Fieldscapes Medieval Planned enclosure Large rectilinear fields with straight boundaries laid out in a co-axial geometric form. Evidential Unknown to Post- Large rectilinear fields with straight boundaries suggesting planned enclosure. Evidence for ridge and furrow in most HWA1480 Fieldscapes Medieval Planned enclosure of these fields suggests previously medieval open fields. Evidential Unknown to Post- Large irregular Large irregular fields with predominantly straight boundaries. Evidence for ridge and furrow in most of these fields HWA1481 Fieldscapes Medieval fields suggests previously medieval open fields. Evidential Unknown to Post- Large irregular Large irregular fields with mixture of straight and curvilinear boundaries. About half of all fields and boundaries have HWA1514 Fieldscapes Medieval fields been lost since OS 1st Edition. Evidential Unknown to Post- Area of large rectilinear fields with straight boundaries laid out in a regular geometric pattern. Some field boundaries HWA1455 Fieldscapes Medieval Planned enclosure have been lost giving a more un-ordered appearance. Evidential Unknown to Post- Area of planned enclosure with large rectilinear fields with straight boundaries laid out in a geometric pattern, however HWA1456 Fieldscapes Medieval Planned enclosure with good ridge and furrow survival showing previous open field pattern. Evidential Post- HWA1470 Settlement Medieval Manor Farm Manor Farm, part of Newton Regis. Date of origin 1718. The 2nd edition shows a regular multi-yard plan type. Evidential, Aesthetic Post- Old Hall HWA17802 Settlement Medieval Farmhouse The 2nd edition shows what looks like an E-plan range that was then partly covered. Evidential, Aesthetic Post- HWA17940 Settlement Medieval Field Barn Field Barn. Evidential Post- HWA17943 Settlement Medieval Newton Farm The 2nd Edition OS shows a full regular yard with house attached to second smaller yard. Evidential, Aesthetic

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Post- Large rectilinear Large rectilinear field with straight boundaries. Possible allotments marked here on the OS 1st Edition in the form of HWA1485 Fieldscapes Medieval fields trackways. Marked on the OS 1955 Edition as allotments but amalgamated into larger fields by 2001. Evidential Post- HWA18266 Settlement Medieval Small farmstead U-plan type. Evidential Post- HWA19049 Settlement Medieval Field Barn Field Barn. Evidential Very large post- Very large irregular post-war fields running alongside the M42 and parish boundaries. Previously this area appears HWA1476 Fieldscapes Modern war fields as piecemeal enclosed fields (on the OS 1st Edition) and have been split by the M42. Evidential Very large post- HWA1598 Fieldscapes Modern war fields Very large post-war fields. Evidential Very large post- Very large irregular post war fields. Large rectilinear fields representing planned enclosure are marked on the OS HWA1457 Fieldscapes Modern war fields 1st edition until the OS 1955 Edition. Evidential Very large post- Very large, irregular, post-war fields. Used to be large, irregular, possibly piecemeal enclosed fields, as marked on HWA1432 Fieldscapes Modern war fields previous OS mapping. Evidential Very large post- Very large irregular post war fields. Previously marked on the OS 1st Edition as large irregular fields which appear HWA1449 Fieldscapes Modern war fields to be piecemeal fields with some reverse 's' and dog leg field boundaries. Evidential Broad-leaved HWA1450 Woodland Modern plantation Rectangular patch of broad-leaved woodland first marked on the OS 1955 Edition. Evidential Rectangular patch of woodland first marked on the OS 1st Edition. Defined as coniferous plantation by the HBA but HWA1451 Woodland Modern Newton Gorse appears more mixed on the modern APs. Also marked as a fox covert on the OS 1st Edition. Evidential Very large post- Very large irregular post war field. Small rectilinear fields and paddocks and closes marked on the OS 1st Edition HWA1453 Fieldscapes Modern war fields until the OS 1955 Edition. Evidential Newton Close HWA1473 Settlement Modern Farm Newton Close Farm first marked on modern OS mapping (post-1955). Evidential, Aesthetic Semi-detached HWA1466 Settlement Modern settlement Post-1900 and pre-1955 semi-detached settlement. Evidential, Communal Semi-detached HWA1467 Settlement Modern settlement Post-1955 semi-detached settlement. Evidential, Communal Semi-detached HWA1468 Settlement Modern settlement Post-1955 semi-detached settlement. Evidential, Communal Newton Regis Civic and Church of England HWA1465 Commercial Modern School Post-1955 school. Evidential, Communal Designed Landscape – Austrey Sports HWA1531 Sports Field Modern Field Sports field. Evidential, Communal Designed Landscape – Newton Regis HWA1464 Sports Field Modern Playing Field Playing field. Evidential, Communal Section of M42 Motorway in North Warwickshire between Junction 10 and the edge of the Warwickshire county HWA1458 Transport Modern Motorway (M42) boundary. Finished in 1986. Evidential, Communal

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9 APPENDIX 2: ILLUSTRATIONS

Illus 1: Site Location Plan

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Illus 5: Sexton’s Map of Warwickshire, 1576

Illus 6: Yates and Sons’ ‘A Map of Warwickshire’, 1787-9

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Illus 7: 1795 Inclosure Plan

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Illus 8: 1886 OS Map

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Illus 9: 1924 OS Map

Illus 10: 1956 OS Map

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Illus 11: 1960s postcard of Newton Regis. Showing the church and entrance to site (right of frame).

Illus 12: View along Austrey Lane, looking east. Listed cottages are visible on the right, the duck-pond on the left, and Manor Farmhouse on the far right.

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Illus 13: View along Austrey Lane, looking east. The duck-pond is visible on the left, the church in the distance, and Manor Farmhouse on the right.

Illus 14: View across the duck-pond looking towards Manor Farmhouse and the PDA.

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Illus 15: View along Austrey Lane, looking west (from the church). Manor Farmhouse and the entrance to the PDA are visible on the left, listed cottages in the distance, and modern bungalows on the right

Illus 16: Manor Farmhouse, from Austrey Lane

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Illus 17: Current view from the rear of Manor Farmhouse, looking towards the PDA

Illus 18: View along the proposed entrance to the PDA (to the east of Manor Farmhouse)

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Illus 19: View of the three large barns in the north-central part of the PDA

Illus 20: View of the barns in the western part of the PDA

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Illus 21: View of the barns in the southern part of the PDA

Illus 22: View of the open paddock area in the central part of the PDA

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Illus 23: View along the eastern strip of the PDA, looking north

Illus 24: View of the south-western corner of the PDA

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Illus 25: View of the church tower, as seen from the eastern side of the PDA

Illus 26: View into the PDA, from a gap along Austrey Lane (just to the east of Manor Farmhouse)

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