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GWAA 3 Map05 Judith.FH11 Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Ground-Water Assessment Atlas 3, Part B, Map 5 A Department of Montana Tech of The University of Montana Open-File Version 2006 Characterization of the Judith River Aquifer A A' in Treasure and Yellowstone Counties, 4,200 4,200 Middle Yellowstone River Area, Montana 4,000 4,000 3,800 By John L. Olson and Rye E. Svingen Kl Kjr 3,800 Qa 3,600 Kb 3,600 Kjr brown sandstone (Lopez, 2000). The Judith River Kcl Atlas organization 3,400 3,400 Formation is underlain by the Claggett Shale, which Location map The Montana Ground-Water Assessment Atlas for the The Middle Yellowstone River Area consists of Geologic cross sections Kjr Middle Yellowstone River Area (Atlas 3) consists of a consists of 100300 ft of sandy shale. The Claggett Treasure and Yellowstone Counties exclusive Shale forms the base of the aquifer. Where the Judith Three geologic cross sections were constructed through 3,200 3,200 descriptive overview (Part A) and 7 hydrogeologic of the Crow Indian Reservation. Map areas of Kcl the Judith River aquifer along lines AA', BB', and CC'. River Yellowstone River Formation dips into the subsurface, it is overlain maps (Part B). This map is intended to be a stand-alone the Judith River aquifer were selected to include The locations of the cross-section lines are displayed on Ke by the dark gray marine Bearpaw Shale, which can be the areas where the aquifer is present and is less 3,000 Kcl 3,000 document that describes a single hydrogeologic unit Hysham the Drilling depths map. The cross sections are based on up to 800-ft-thick. Area than 2,000 ft below the ground surface. (the Judith River aquifer) within the area (see Location interpretations of water well logs, oil well logs, and geologic above sea level) altitude (ft map, right). To obtain a more integrated understanding Yellowstone mapping (Lopez, 2000). The cross sections show 2,800 Ke 2,800 Two primary structural features influence the occurrence County Treasure stratigraphic position and thicknesses of relevant formations. Ktc of the areas hydrogeology, see Part A and related Part County B maps. and depth of the Judith River aquifer in the Middle Billings Area Yellowstone River area: the Bull Mountains Basin and 2,600 Ktc Kc 2,600 Ke the Lake Basin fault zone. The Bull Mountains Basin Cross-section explanation Kc Introduction is a broad regional feature centered just north of 2,400 2,400 The Judith River aquifer is a source of domestic and Geologic units 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 31 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Yellowstone County (Dobbin and Erdmann, 1955). Hysham stock water (see Well use) in west-central Yellowstone Bedrock formations dip gently (at 2°4°) towards the Qa Alluvial deposits (Quaternary) Scale in miles # County and northern and central Treasure County and # basin center. As a result, the Judith River aquifer is # Kl Lance Formation (Upper Cretaceous) # # provides water to about 580 wells. Most of these wells # # encountered at depths of greater than 1,000 ft in the # # # Kb ## Bearpaw Shale (Upper Cretaceous) 2% # have been completed where the Judith River Formation northern portion of Yellowstone County (see Drilling # 4% Yellowstone Kjr Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous) crops out north and east of Billings (see Distribution depths map). The dip of the formation into the subsurface Treasure # County # of wells). # County is shown in Cross section BB'. Minor domal structures # Kcl 7% Domestic ## Claggett Shale (Upper Cretaceous) # ## # # # # # ## cause the Judith River to be exposed in small areas near # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # # # Ke # # # # Eagle Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous) # # # BB' Stockwater # # # # ## # Broadview (Broadview dome) and in northeastern # # ## # Geologic setting # # # # # Ktc Telegraph Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous) The Judith River aquifer is composed of water-saturated Treasure County (Ingomar dome). The dip of the aquifer 22% Irrigation 3,400 3,400 Judith River Qal off the domal feature in Treasure County is shown in 65% Billings Kc Colorado Group (Upper Cretaceous) sandstone layers in the Judith River Formation. This Unused Formation CC' formation is part of an approximately 4,000-ft-thick Cross section CC'. outcrop Fault 3,200 3,200 2,800 2,800 Other sequence of Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks. The Laurel relative positions and thicknesses of the Cretaceous The Lake Basin fault zone consists of a roughly 6-mile- Horizontal Scale: 1:250,000 formations in the Middle Yellowstone River Area are wide band of northeastsouthwest-trending, high-angle Vertical Scale: 1:6,250 3,000 3,000 2,600 2,600 shown below (see Cretaceous Stratigraphy). faults. Individual faults are generally oriented Vertical Exaggeration: 40X Qal Well use Distribution of wells River Yellowstone perpendicular to the regional fold axes. Displacements 2,800 Kb 2,800 Most of 580 recorded wells in the Judith River Most wells completed in the Judith River 2,400 Kb 2,400 of as much as 250 ft have been reported (Hancock, The Judith River Formation crops out along a 26- aquifer provide domestic water to individual aquifer are located in the Judith River Kjr mile-wide eastwest-trending band generally north of 1919). The faults are a significant feature of the aquifer 2,600 2,600 residences; others are used for stockwater; a Formation outcrop area, north of Billings. 2,200 2,200 Billings. South of these outcrops the formation has been because they offset the sandstone beds, and in some few are used for irrigation and other purposes. Kjr Kcl removed by erosion. The Judith River Formation is places truncate the entire aquifer. Displacements and above sea level) altitude (ft 2,400 2,400 2,000 2,000 250350-ft-thick and consists of interbedded brownish- aquifer truncation are shown in Cross section AA'. Ktc Kcl altitude (ft above sea level) altitude (ft Ke gray sandy shale and light brown to pale yellowish Ke 2,200 Kc 2,200 1,800 Kc 1,800 012345678910111213 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Scale in miles Scale in miles Cretaceous stratigraphy R23E Explanation for the Judith River The Cretaceous Period occurred 13565 million years ago. During much of this time, the area of what is now Formation maps Yellowstone and Treasure Counties was in or near a large 3 , 8 inland sea. The rocks deposited during the Cretaceous are 0 0 3 a record of multiple cycles of the rise and fall of this sea. ,9 Roads 0 Broadview 0 Shale and claystone rocks were deposited in deeper water Streams environments during sea level high stands. Sandstone was T4N 4,012 Judith River Formation and potentiometric surface map of the Billings area Judith River Formation and potentiometric surface Faults # 4 deposited in shore or nearshore environments during sea 108° 45' ,0 R24E 0 + level low stands. The total sequence of Cretaceous rocks Township boundaries 0 map of the Hysham area 4 ,1 30' in the area is about 4,000-ft-thick. The Judith River Section lines 0 # ° 0 3,950 R25E R26E R27E 108 Formation occurs in about the upper third of this sequence 3,884 + and consists of 100400 ft of sandstone interlayered with # Ground-water altitude measurement points and # some shale. These sandstone layers constitute the Judith 3,950 posted data (ft above mean sea level 3 36 31 , 7 36 31 36 31 36 31 [AMSL]) 3 0 River aquifer. The Judith River Formation is underlain by 0 16 , 8 R36E 3,90 16 16 16 0 107°15' 108° 15' R28E R29E R30E R34E R35E the Claggett Shale and overlain by the Bearpaw Shale. The 0 3,867 Bull Mountains + + 0 # Ground-water altitude contours # 0 0 162 2,810 9 16 , ,9 Claggett Shale and Bearpaw Shale are generally non-water- 2 basin 0 3,300 Contour values (ft AMSL, interval = 100 ft) 0 bearing. # 3,810 Ground-water flow direction # 3,789 Ingomar dome Potentiometric surface Judith River Formation outcrop Broadview 3 3 T3N , , 7 1 3,000 0 0 This map shows the altitude to which ground water in a dome 0 Judith River Formation present in subsurface 0 well will rise. Ground-water flow is perpendicular to the 46° 00' + 3,200 2,752 ## # T8N potentiometric contours and flows from the highest to the 3, 3,864, 3,733 300 # er lowest potentiometric altitude (see flow arrows on map). 0 v 0 # i 0 R , # # The potentiometric surface map was constructed from static 4 3,753 3 2,992 e , 2,868 3, 4 n 80 0 o water-level altitudes measured in 90 inventoried wells. 0 3,772 0 t # 3 s , 3,762 5 #3,099 w 0 o Reported water levels in non-inventoried wells were also 0 # ll 36 31 36 31 e 36 31 used to qualitatively assist in contouring ground-water 36 31 Y 16 36 31 36 31 36 31 # 16 R37E 3,023 16 0 3 3 16 0 , , 16 8 altitudes. 16 7 16 6 , 36 0 0 2 0 0 36 31 # 3,815 36 31 16 Cretaceous stratigraphy for the Billings area # 16 3,773 3,628 16 3,8143 The ground-water altitude data demonstrate two types of ,8 # 0 0 3793 ## 3,465 3 3 flow systems in the aquifer, local systems and a regional 3,805 # ,4 ,400 # # 00 3,047 system.
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