Register Entry Blank

REGISTER OF HERITAGE PLACES Removed Entry The Minister for Heritage Directed that this Interim Entry in the State Register not be made permanent on 6 December 2001. Notice of this decision under the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990 appeared in the Government Gazette on 14 December 2001.

1. DATA BASE No. 3069 2. NAME Barracks Wall (ruin) (1880s; 1953,) FORMER NAME Barracks 3. LOCATION 2-4 Sholl Street, Mandurah 4. DESCRIPTION OF PLACE INCLUDED IN THIS ENTRY Those portions of Lot 10 on Diagram 17395, being part of the land comprised in Certificate of Title Volume 1156 Folio 320 and Lot 700 on Diagram 98232 and being part of the land comprised in Certificate of Title Volume 2169 Folio 330 as together are defined in Heritage Council of Western Australia survey drawing No. 3069 prepared by Steffanoni Ewing & Cruickshank Pty Ltd. 5. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA City of Mandurah 6. OWNER Treeline Corporation Pty Ltd. (Lot 10) Australian Postal Commission (Lot 700) 7. HERITAGE LISTINGS • Register of Heritage Places: Interim Entry 15/ 12/ 2000 Removed Entry 14/ 12/ 2001 • National Trust Classification: ------• Town Planning Scheme: ------• Municipal Inventory: Adopted 05/ 08/ 1997 • Register of the National Estate: ------

8. CONSERVATION ORDER ------9. HERITAGE AGREEMENT ------

10. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Barracks Wall (ruin), a random rubble limestone remnant wall that originally formed part of a barracks for indentured Japanese workers, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: the place is significant as a remnant of one of the few structures built to house indentured labourers in Western Australia and is representative of the attitudes of the 19th century employers toward indentured labourers from other cultures;

Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 1 Removed entry 14/12/2001 the place is associated with the small number of indentured workers who came to Western Australia from Japan. These men were the first Japanese in southern Western Australia and were employed in the Peel Inlet Preserving Works. Some chose to remain in the district and contribute to the cultural diversity of the community instead of returning to Japan; the place is closely associated with the fishing industry which was significant to the development of the town and region. and; the place is associated with the Tuckey family who contributed to the development of the Mandurah region and its community. the adjoining commercial building is considered to have little cultural heritage significance.

11. ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE The criteria adopted by the Heritage Council in November 1996 have been used to determine the cultural heritage significance of the place.

PRINCIPAL AUSTRALIAN HISTORIC THEME(S) • 3.4.2 Fishing and whaling • 3.6 Recruiting labour • 3.12.4 Preserving food and beverages

HERITAGE COUNCIL OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA THEME(S) • 106 Workers • 305 Fishing and other maritime industry

11. 1 AESTHETIC VALUE*

------

11.2 HISTORIC VALUE The place is associated with the small number of indentured workers who came to Western Australia from Japan. These workers worked in the cannery for approximately twenty years then, instead of returning to Japan, some chose to remain in the district and contribute to the cultural diversity of the community. These Japanese workers were the first Japanese in the southern half of the state. (Criterion 2.1) The place is closely associated with the Tuckey family who contributed to the development of the Mandurah region and its community. (Criterion 2.3)

11. 3. SCIENTIFIC VALUE ------

* For consistency, all references to architectu ral style are taken from Apperly, Richard; Irving, Robert and Reynolds, Peter A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture: Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present , Angus & Robertson, North Ryde, 1989. Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 2 Removed entry 14/12/2001 11. 4. SOCIAL VALUE The place is valued for its association with the fishing industry in Mandurah which was significant to the development of the town and region. (Criterion 4.1) The place is significant for its association with the Japanese workers who came to Western Australia in the 1880s. These workers contributed to the economic development of the region and became part of the community. (Criterion 4.1)

12. DEGREE OF SIGNIFICANCE

12. 1. RARITY Barracks Wall (ruin) is significant as a remnant of one of the few structures built to house indentured labourers in Western Australia. (Criterion 5.1)

12. 2 REPRESENTATIVENESS Barracks Wall (ruin) is representative of the attitudes of the 19th century employers toward indentured labourers from other cultures. (Criterion 6.2)

12. 3 CONDITION Barracks Wall (ruin) is in a fair condition. One window, however, has timber lintels showing evidence of termite damage. While the ivy that covers the place does not appear to be causing any damage to the fabric, and may in fact afford the wall some protection from the elements, regular pruning would help to avoid any cracking of the limestone by the ivy that may otherwise occur.

12. 4 INTEGRITY The integrity of Barracks Wall (ruin) is low.

12. 5 AUTHENTICITY The original building, with the exception of part of the southern external wall is not longer extant. However, Barracks Wall (ruin) has a high level of authenticity.

13. SUPPORTING EVIDENCE The documentary evidence has been compiled by Prue Griffin, Historian in consultation with Ronald Richards, Historian. The physical evidence has been compiled by John Loreck, Architect. Curtilage, should it be required, should extend to one metre from all four sides of the wall.

13. 1 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 3 Removed entry 14/12/2001 Barracks Wall (ruin) consists of a single limestone wall with four intact window openings, one of which still has bars. The wall is adjacent to the southern wall of a commercial building. Dense vegetation covers the wall. Barracks Wall (ruin) is the remnant of a barracks built for Charles Tuckey in the early 1880s to house indentured Japanese workers employed at Tuckey’s fish canning factory.1 Charles Tuckey was one of the grandchildren of John Tuckey who arrived on the Rockingham in 1830 with his son and daughter following the ambition of Thomas Peel, a wealthy English aristocrat. Peel wanted to establish a colony in Western Australia, based on private sponsorship. Although initial enthusiasm for the project was considerable, based on the favourable reports from Captain James Stirling following his explorations of the area in 1826, many investors abandoned the project, leaving Peel to carry on alone. With loaned money and 200 enthusiastic immigrants, Peel arrived in the Swan River Colony in 1829. He secured 250,000 acres from the colonial government, which extended from Cockburn Sound, south to Peel Inlet. The group initially settled at Clarence, on the shores of Cockburn Sound. However, the site was poorly chosen and after a harsh winter and many deaths, Peel moved to Mandurah (or Peeltown) with the remnants of his group.2 John Tuckey, a former soldier, was one of this group. Tuckey seized the opportunity and despite the difficulties of the terrain, climate and Peel’s inept management, made a success at farming. By 1837, Tuckey was one of the few settlers remaining in Mandurah and his children, James and Charlotte, married into the small community.3 The Tuckeys diversified from farming and James started the family’s long association with the sea by ferrying produce to Fremantle during the 1840s. In 1869, he became the manager of the ferry, which crossed the river at Mandurah, at a point just upstream from the present bridge.4

1 There has been considerable confusion about the original use of the building from which this wall comes. Throughout the twentieth century the buildings, and the subsequent ruin, were referred to as ‘the barracks’ or ‘the barracks wall’. The conclusion drawn by many was that the ruin formed part of the original Military Barracks built in 1831-2. The attached Figure 1 shows the location of the Military Barracks in approximately 1840. The barracks gave the name to the geographical feature ‘Soldiers Cove’. In comparison with Figure 2 which shows the location of the wall ruin under discussion it can be seen that the two buildings were at quite different locations. In addition, although it was not impossible in 1840 to build substantial stone structures in remote locations it seems more likely that a crude structure was built hastily following requests from Thomas Peel. Peel felt under threat from the local Nyungar population and requested that Captain Stirling quickly establish a military presence in Mandurah. The photograph in figure 3 show s the type of structure which would most likely have accommodated the soldiers. In comparison with the photograph in Figure 4 which is the Japanese labourer’s barracks in the early 20th century it can be seen to be a more substantial structure. 2 Ronald Richards, Murray and Mandurah A Sequel History of the Old Murray District of Western Australia, Shire of Murray and City of Mandurah, 1993, pp. 4-6. 3 J. H. M. Honniball, ‘The Tuckeys of Mandurah’, in Early Days The Western Australian Historical Society Incorporated, Vol. 5, Part 8, 1961, p. 11-12. 4 ibid., p. 13. Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 4 Removed entry 14/12/2001 James Tuckey’s sons, John and Charles, invested in other maritime interests in the 1870s. They equipped two boats for pearling, the ‘Jessie’ and the ‘Good Luck’, and spent several seasons in the North West. 5 After four or five seasons the brothers invested in a new enterprise closer to home, the Peel Inlet Preserving Works. This venture followed the lead of a local company ‘The Mandurah Fish Preserving Company’ established in 1879. This company was operated by Charles Broadhurst and backed by Fremantle merchant WD Moore and Co. In a letter to the Colonial Secretary in September 1879, WD Moore stated that their establishment employed two skilled tin makers and 5 Chinese workers.6 Later that year, WD Moore requested that ‘His Excellency will be pleased to grant us the exclusive right of fishing the Murray and its estuaries and branches for preserving purposes for say 10 years’.7 This request was denied and the Tuckey’s established their factory shortly afterwards in 1880.8 The Peel Inlet Preserving Works operated from a large stone factory built on the shore of the estuary on a site north of the present day bridge.9 Charles Tuckey managed the company and John continued as a captain of charter vessels. Based in Singapore, Captain John Tuckey worked in south -east Asian waters.10 During the early 1880s fish were plentiful in the estuary. Sea mullet were the primary catch, although herring and pilchards were also caught. The cannery was a profitable business but obtaining a reliable workforce for the factory was apparently a problem. A descendent of the Tuckeys recalls that the company felt that the locals wouldn’t work so it was decided to employ three Japanese men to work in the factory and fish in the off season. According to this source, the men were to stay 18 months and then return to Japan under a bond to the Japanese government.11 No record was found of any arrangement between the colonial governments and the Japanese government in regard to these men. It appears more likely that this was a private arrangement made through John Tuckey’s contacts in Singapore or perhaps the men were former divers from the Kimberley known to the Tuckey brothers. These Japanese workers were some of the earliest Japanese arrivals in Western Australia and probably the first in the southern half of the state. It is believed that there was a series of Japanese men who came and went from the Tuckey factory during its years of operation.12

5 ‘Pearling in 1875’, Cornish papers MN110, Acc 1141A, Battye Library, pp. 1-2. 6 Letter from the Mandurah Fish Preserving Company to the Colonial Secretary, 1 September 1879, CSO Records, Acc 527, subject 794, PROWA. 7 Letter from the Mandurah Fish Preserving Company to the Colonial Secretary, 2 December 1879, CSO Records, Acc 527, subject 794, PROWA. 8 Richards, p. 103. A photograph of one of the tin labels shows the wording ‘Established 1880’. 9 A portion of the factory building remains as the present day Tackle shop located on Mandurah Terrace, Mandurah. See HCWA Assessment 3073, Tuckey House and Store. 10 Honniball, op cit, p. 18. 11 Conversation between Ronald Richards and Roy Tuckey 1975. Notes held by Ronald Richards. 12 Researcher Noreen Jones has compiled a database of Japanese in Western Australia before 1942. Her research of the National archives reveals no information regarding formal Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 5 Removed entry 14/12/2001 It is interesting to note the Tuckey’s preference for Japanese labour, especially as five Chinese men were being employed in the nearby Mandurah Fish Preserving Company.13 In addition the colonial government was actively encouraging the importation of Chinese or ‘Coolie’ labour and seeking expressions of interest from potential employees.14 It was probably during the early 1880’s that the Barracks was built for the labourers of the canning factory.15 At approximately the same time Charles Tuckey built his own home opposite the cannery on Mandurah Terrace. This two storey home was refurbished in the 1890s to become the Brighton Hotel.16 The barracks building was most likely built using a workforce of ticket-of-leave men and local labourers. Local limestone and bricks were used for the construction and shingles may have originally been used on the roof although a later photo shows a tin roof (see figure 4). The decision to place bars on the windows indicates in some way how the company viewed its indentured workforce. Perhaps they were not trusted and likened to criminals or were viewed as property to be protected. During the 1880s the company prospered and in 1888 Charles Tuckey purchased a large parcel of land from Mandurah Terrace through to Sholl Street.17 This land included the site of the Brighton Hotel and the barracks building. The following year Charles Tuckey and William Augustus Bateman became joint owners of the property.18 Bateman was a Fremantle merchant who provided financial backing and outlets for the produce of the company. By 1890, the Peel Inlet Preserving Works had started canning fruit and received a government gratuity of £200 as the first company to produce twenty tons of canned fruit in the colony during one year.19 Diversifying into fruit canning may have been one response to depleted fish stocks. Overfishing had occurred as several canning companies had moved into the industry to supply the demand from the goldfields. Although legislation was

indentured arrangements between the Peel Inlet Preserving Works or the Tuckeys and the Japanese government. She has recorded about 45 arrivals in the 1880s and they are almost all to the north of the state to Cossack or Broome. None were listed as fishermen or as living in the Mandurah region although there is evidence that they moved from place to place. 13 Letter from the Mandurah Fish Preserving Company to the Colonial Secretary, 1 September 1879, CSO Records, Acc 527, subject 794, PROWA. 14 Government Gazette, 11 March 1879 in CSO Records, Acc 527, item 718, PROWA. Note that it was WD Moore’s company that was organizing the importation of Chinese labour, see items 100 and 530, Acc 527, PROWA. 15 A title search at the Department of Land Administration did not conclusively establish the owners of the land at the time the barracks was built. A search of the memorial books was also inconclusive. It is clear however that the Tuckey family had land holdings or leases of much of the land in the village of Mandurah in the early 1880’s, see Certificates of Title 10/ 48 and 25/ 215. 16 See documentation HCWA 1486. 17 Certificate of Title 25/ 215 18 ibid. 19 CSO Records, Acc 527, 2144/ 90, PROWA Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 6 Removed entry 14/12/2001 passed to limit fishing in 1889, fish canning businesses continued operating into the 1890s.20 Work in the canning factory would have been repetitive, dirty and, during the peak periods, very long hours. In 1895, a visitor to the Tuckey factory described the process of canning fish. The fishing boats, starting early, as we have seen, return to the factory as a rule with their cargoes of fish before the sun is very high. In the hot weather especially Mr. Tuckey is not satisfied with the slightest delay in getting the fish into the hermetically sealed tins, where they would defy deterioration to the end of time. The boats come right up to the floor of the cleaning house at high or low tide, and as soon as the mullet are taken out the fishermen briskly start cleaning them. Then the heads and tails are cut off, and they are ready for the pickling tub, after which they are either sent to the smoke house to be kippered or are put into the tins, steamed till they are cooked, and then labelled and packed in four dozen boxes. When the factory was started the stock sometimes went slowly into consumption. Now twice the number of hands employed and twice the capacity of the plant could not cope with the requirements not only of the goldfields but of the colony generally.21 As fish stocks became depleted competition was more aggressive between the rival companies. When competition included the element of racial difference, conflicts often occurred. The Pinjarra Police Occurrence Books record fights between the Japanese, Greek fishermen and local white inhabitants. Locals were particularly incensed when the Japanese, who were supposed to be working in the cannery, were found catching fish using nets and boats supplied by Tuckey, and selling them on to the Greeks who carted them on to Coolup for consignment to Perth, where they received higher prices than Tuckey could pay.22 Although there was racial tension, a few Japanese stayed on in Mandurah even after the fishing industry declined and canning ceased. Those Japanese who remained moved to West Murray and worked as professional fishermen. At the outbreak of World War One it was noted that of the eleven fishermen at West Murray, six were Japanese.23 In World War Two, following the bombing of Pearl Harbour, the three or four elderly Japanese fishermen remaining in West Murray were interred at Woodman’s Point.24 The Peel Inlet Preserving Works ceased operating from the factory adjacent to the townsite in about 1900. The business moved operations to Carrabungup, on the south western shores of the Peel Inlet, where the sons of Charles Tuckey operated the business until World War One.25 Any Japanese workers still employed by the company would have moved closer to the factory. It is possible that the barracks building was no longer being used as a barracks prior to this date. In 1898, a real estate plan offering blocks for sale in

20 Richards, p. 164. 21 The West Australian, 2 Nov 1895, Supplement. 22 Pinjarra Police Occurrence Book 1896-1898, Acc 367/ 4, PROWA and cited in Richards, op cit, p. 109. 23 Richards, op cit, p. 342. 24 Richards, op cit, p 564. 25 Honniball, op cit, p. 28. Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 7 Removed entry 14/12/2001 Mandurah shows the building drawn and labelled as a house.26 A survey drawn at approximately the same time shows the building and refers to it only as ‘stone building’ whereas the other buildings are referred to by their usage. This survey shows the original building was approximately 21 metres which is consistent with the remnant wall of 17 metres long.27 . In the early decades of the 20th century there is no record of the buildings usage. It was the property of Charles Tuckey until his death in 1912 when it passed to his wife Emma.28 Because of its close proximity to the Brighton Hotel it may have been used for storage or may have been rented out. Possibly the building fell into disuse and then collapsed or it may have been intentionally demolished, leaving one wall remaining.29 In 1917, the property was transferred to Rona Ivy Dempster but again found its way back to the Tuckey family in 1929 when it was purchased by Hobart Tuckey, the third son of Charles Tuckey.30 After Hobart Tuckey died in 1951, the property remained with his wife until 1953 when it was transferred to the Digney Brothers.31 Frank and Charles Digney, together with their business partner Charles Timbrell, were hardware merchants and in 1953 the applied to the Mandurah Road Board for permission to build a timber framed building and a timber framed machinery shed.32 Councillor Dudley Tuckey recalls that there was no remaining building at that time except for the Barracks Wall (ruin) and the Digney Brothers kept it to act as boundary.33 In 1965, the Digney Brothers added new toilets to the rear of the property and in 1966 extended the rear of shop. In this later application it was noted that the property was served by a well and tanks. It was suggested that the well was the original one serving the barracks.34 In 1976, major additions to the value of $50,000 were undertaken by the Digney Brothers which gave the building its current façade. Further minor additions were undertaken in 1984 to the value of $2000. In all these additions no reference is made to the Barracks Wall (ruin) and its position in the building.35 In 1999, the property was transferred to Treeline Corporation Pty Ltd and the building was still used as a hardware store. In 2001, the building is vacant. South of the building is the Mandurah Post Office which underwent refurbishment in 1999. This included the provision of post office boxes in a wall parallel to Barracks Wall (ruin). Between the two walls is a paved walkway which culminates on Sholl Street with a plaque that commemorates

26 Richards, op cit, p. 112. 27 Survey Book 1769 for Diagram 773, undated, DOLA. 28 Certificate of Title, 211/ .154. 29 No rates book information is available from the City of Mandurah. 30 Certificate of Title, 669/ 46 and Honniball, op cit, p. 38. 31 Certificate of Title, 1156/ 320. 32 Mandurah Roads Board Minutes, 6 August 1953, Plan 930 and 933, City of Mandurah. 33 Conversation between Dudley Tuckey and Prue Griffin, 28 May 2001. 34 Suggested by Dudley Tuckey in conversation with Prue Griffin 28 May 2001. 35 Building file for 2 Sholl Street, Mandurah held at the City of Mandurah. Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 8 Removed entry 14/12/2001 the origin of the first telegraphs from Mandurah. The Barracks Wall (ruin) is thus adjacent to a heritage site valued by the City of Mandurah. An assessment of the Barracks Wall (ruin) was undertaken in 1999 and it was mistakenly believed that the ruin was part of the former Military Barracks adjacent to Soldiers Cove. Using this information the place was nominated for interim listing on the Register of Heritage Places on 15 December 2000 . The errors in the research were subsequently discovered and further research was undertaken to amend the assessment documentation.

13. 2 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE Barracks Wall (ruin) is located on the western side of Sholl Street, north of a right-of-way that separates the place from Australia Post. Opposite Barracks Wall (ruin) is a small cemetery, beyond which is Christ Church (1870). The wall is immediately adjacent to and to the south of the southern external wall of the former Settlers True Value Hardware, which extends immediately to the north, east and west of the place. North of the hardware shop is a large carport, beyond which are the premises of Rentlo. To the west of the hardware shop is a delivery and storage yard. Barracks Wall (ruin) is a ruin consisting of a single wall. Barracks Wall (ruin) had four small rooms on the south side of the place judging by the four small windows in the remaining wall. These rooms were located on the north side of the remaining wall; iron rods in one of those windows appear to be original. The former Settlers True Value Hardware is a single-storey building originally constructed in the 1950s. The place was extended to the rear with a large single storey extension, which enlarged the original, forming one large open plan display and sales area. The extension appears to have been executed in the 1950s. Over the rear extension is a small first floor area used for administrative purposes. Barracks Wall (ruin) consists of a straight wall aligned east-west, about 17 metres long, three metres high and about 450 to 600mm wide. The wall is constructed of random rubble limestone with occasional shale, with rendered brick reveals to four small windows. The wall is structurally independent of the former Settlers True Value Hardware, with a cavity of about 400mm in width between the south face of the hardware shop and the north wall Barracks Wall (ruin). The window heads of Barracks Wall (ruin) are supported by hardwood lintels, 50mm high and 100mm wide, bearing about 200mm on to the brickwork reveals on each side. Barracks Wall (ruin) is almost entirely covered by ivy. To the west of Barracks Wall (ruin) is a fibrous cement panel that provides maintenance access to plumbing associated with toilets located within the hardware shop. The toilets appear to have been constructed in the 1970s, judging by the face brickwork immediately to the west of the access panel .

Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 9 Removed entry 14/12/2001 To the east of Barracks Wall (ruin) is a stud wall, which is part of the original 1950s hardware shop. The external face of this wall has been clad in fibrous cement sheets. The windows are about 450mm wid e, and have a common sill and head height, about 1 metre and 1.7 metres above ground level respectively. A description of the four windows follows, proceeding from west to east: The first window is located about 2.5 metres from the western end of Barracks Wall (ruin). The head is supported by three timber lintels, each measuring about 50 mm high and 100mm wide, and placed side by side, bearing about 200mm on to the brick reveals at each side. Metal louvres frames have been inserted, judging by their appearance, in the 1950s. Two of the glass panes, however, are missing. Beyond the louvres is a timber stud wall with three vertical 8mm diameter iron rods at about 150mm centres. The head and jamb studs are hardwood and appear to date from the 1950s, when the extension was built. During recent times, however, additional pine studs have been inserted. On the northern side of the stud wall is a perforated masonite board, which serves to display merchandise within the hardware shop. The second window is about 2.4 metres from the first window. The second window has a timber frame, jambs and sill. Spanning vertically between an original timber sub-frame are 12mm diameter iron rods, located at about 60mm centres. The frame and the rods appear to be original, so it is reasonable to assume that this window served at some time as a cell. On the northern side of the frame is a hardwood stud wall with perforated masonite boarding, both of which are similar to the first window. The third window is located abou t three metres from the second and, like the previous windows, has timber lintels consisting of 100 by 50 mm timber sections. These are, however, badly damaged by termites. Pine studs have been fitted in recent times, spanning between the timber heads an d the termite damaged timber sill. On the northern side of the studwork is zincalume “trimdek”, sealing the opening. The fourth window is about 3.5 metres to the west of the third window and about two metres from the east end of Barracks Wall (ruin). This window has a 125mm by 12mm hardwood frame fitted to the jambs and sill, within which 75mm by 50mm hardwood studs have been fitted. On the northern side of the studs, zincalume ‘trimdek’ has been fixed. Windows three and four abut the original 1940s wall of the hardware shop. By viewing along the cavity that separates Barracks Wall (ruin) from Settlers True Value Hardware, the remains of a rendered random rubble cross-wall can be seen on the north side of Barracks Wall (ruin), between windows three and four. The cross-wall appears to have been removed in order to build the hardware shop.

13. 3 COMPARATIVE INFORMATION There are 26 barracks buildings in the HCWA database, the majority of which are military or railway barracks. There are no barracks for indentured labourers or other workforces. The former migrant barracks in Brookton was Register of Heritage Places Barracks Wall (ruin) 10 Removed entry 14/12/2001 built in the post World War Two period is the only building built for migrants or immigrants but its difference in construction and age make it difficult to compare. The Tuckey store (3073) is part of the former Peel Inlet Preserving works and is of a similar age and construction as the Barracks Wall (ruin). The Tuckey store was not included in the state register although it is on the City of Mandurah Municipal Inventory of Heritage Places.

13. 4 REFERENCES No key references.

13. 5 FURTHER RESEARCH An archaeological assessment of the site would be a valuable contribution to the understanding of the place. An attempt to locate the well that is believed to have served the original barracks building may also reveal archaeological information of interest.

Figure 1. Portion of Cockburn Sound 18, Department of Lands and Surveys, Acc 3849,Was 236, PROWA.

Figure 2. Portion of Streetsmart Directory showing the location of the Barracks Wall (ruin).

Figure 3. Photograph of the Japanese Indentured Workers Barracks. This elevation facing north. (date unknown)

Figure 4. Photograph of one of the Soldiers Huts erected about 1831 to protect Thomas Peel and the early settlers. Mandurah and Pinjarrah History of Thomas Peel and the Peel Estate 1829 –1865, WC Smart, Paterson Brokensha, Perth, 1956.