Aug.-Sept.-2014 Final.P65
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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567Everyman’s Science Vol. XLIX No. 3 August ’14 — September ’14 8 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678EVERYMAN’S SCIENCE Vol. XLIX No. 3 (Aug ’14 – Sept ’14) EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. S. K. Mahapatra (New Delhi) Editor-in-Chief Prof. M. K. Jyoti (Jammu) Dr. Ashok Kumar Saxena Prof. Dr. Anup Kumar Kapoor (Delhi) Area Editors Prof. Anand Prakash Mishra (Sagar) Prof. Kanhaiya Lal Shrivastava Dr. (Mrs.) Vijay Laxmi Saxena (Jodhpur) (Biological Sciences) Prof. Atul Sitaram Padalkar (Pune) Dr. Pramod Kumar Verma Dr. Kashinath Bhattacharya (Earth Sciences, Engineering & Material Sciences) (Santiniketan) Dr. Manoj Kumar Chakrabarti Prof. Aparajita Ojha (Jabalpur) (Medical Sciences including Physiology) Dr. Arvind Kumar Saxena (Kanpur) Dr. Arvind Kumar Saxena Prof. Ajay Kumar (Delhi) (Physical Sciences) Dr. (Mrs.) Shashi Bala Singh (Delhi) Dr. (Mrs.) Vipin Sobti Dr. Sib Sankar Roy (Kolkata) (Social Sciences) Dr. V. P. Mahadevan Pillai (Thiruvananthapuram) General Secretary (Membership Affairs) Dr. Nilangshu Bhushan Basu Prof. (Dr.) Arun Kumar Pandey (Delhi) General Secretary (Scientific Activities) Prof. Arun Kumar COVER PHOTOGRAPHS Editorial Secretary Past General Presidents of ISCA Dr. Amit Krishna De 1. Dr. T. N. Khoshoo (1986) 2. Prof. (Mrs.) Archana Sharma Printed and published by Dr. Ashok Kumar Saxena (1987) on behalf of Indian Science Congress Association 3. Prof. C. N. R. Rao (1988) and printed at Seva Mudran, 43, Kailash Bose 4. Dr. A. P. Mitra (1989) Street, Kolkata-700 006 and published at Indian Science Congress Association, 14, Dr. Biresh Guha 5. Prof. Yash Pal (1990) Street, Kolkata-700 017, with Dr. Ashok Kumar 6. Prof. D. K. Sinha (1991) Saxena as Editor. For permission to reprint or Annual Subscription : (6 issues) reproduce any portion of the journal, please write to the Institutional 200/- ; Individual 50/- Editor-in-Chief. Price : 10/- per issue 141 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567Everyman’s Science Vol. XLIX No. 3 August ’14 — September ’14 8 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 CONTENTS EDITORIAL : Epidemiology of Neurological Disease : Answer to many questions Ashok Kumar Saxena 144 ARTICLES : Gnotobiotic Animals : A Potent Tool for Life Science Research 146 S. Parthiban, S. Malmarugan, J. Johnson Rajeswar and V. Kumar Water Based Coatings 149 P. C. Thapliyal and Kirti Assessment of the Environment Safety Issues Related to Genetically 153 Modified Crops Bhausaheb D. Pawar and Ashok S. Jadhav Biofuels : The Fuel of the Future 159 Dalvi Sanjaykumar N. Aerobiology is Essential for Biological Science 164 R. Pavan and K. Manjunath Bridging the Gap Between Scientists and Clinicians 168 Janet Jeyapaul Life Sketches of Office Bearers, Sectional Presidents & Recorders 170 of The Indian Science Congress Association, 2014-2015 KNOW THY INSTITUTIONS 198 CONFERENCES / MEETINGS / SYMPOSIA / SEMINARS 204 S & T ACROSS THE WORLD 206 142 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567Everyman’s Science Vol. XLIX No. 3 August ’14 — September ’14 8 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 ISCA PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS (1986 TO 1991) President Title of Presidential Address* Dr. T. N. Khoshoo Role of Science and Technology in Environmental 73rd Indian Science Congress Management 1986, Delhi Prof. (Mrs.) Archana Sharma Resources and Human Well Being–Inputs from Science and 74th Indian Science Congress Technology 1987, Bangalore Prof. C. N. R. Rao Frontiers in Science and Technology 75th Indian Science Congress 1988, Pune Dr. A. P. Mitra Science and Technology in India : Technology Mission 76th Indian Science Congress 1989, Madurai Prof. Yash Pal Science in Society 77th Indian Science Congress 1990, Cochin Prof. D. K. Sinha Coping with Natural Disasters : An Integrated Approach 78th Indian Science Congress 1991, Indore *Available in the Book “The Shaping of Indian Science” Published by University Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 3-5-819 Hyderguda, Hyderabad 500 029. As per decision of Council meeting held on May 3, 2014, Presidential Addresses will not be printed henceforth in Everyman’s Science as they are already printed in the above mentioned book. 143 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567Everyman’s Science Vol. XLIX No. 3 August ’14 — September ’14 8 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 EDITORIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE : ANSWER TO MANY QUESTIONS With the increasing lifespan of Indians, work in many places. The requirement of new probably due to the available medical facilities drugs and therapies for these patients is and better nutritional intake, the problem of understood. The understanding of the old age health has emerged. As the old pathophysiology of some of these diseases is population is increasing, the old age health not sufficient to initiate research for drug problems need to be addressed by the health development. care system. The neuropsychiatric and The neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric neurodegenerative disorders are increasingly disorders are broadly explained on the basis of found in the old age. These diseases also genetic and environmental factors. Though the account for one of the greatest burdens of genetic implication in many of these diseases diseases in the developed world. Though the in developed countries has been reported, the mortality rate in these diseases is not high information in these regard in Indian like that of many infectious diseases, the population is not sufficient. Some morbidity is immense and the support of environmental factors related with these healthcare system is required increasingly. As diseases were identified from the studies the number of traditional large families is carried out in Europe and North America. The decreasing in India due to changes of prevention of disease is apparent if the link socioeconomic ambience, the healthcare givers between disease and environmental factors are are employed in many places. The trained clearly known. For example, the seasonal caregivers for neurological diseases are not affective disorder (SAD), a mental depression available often and the patients are mostly found in North America in winter due to short managed by non- professional personnel. Even day- light may be treated with phototherapy. this type of management is expensive and However, this seasonal factor may not be many families failed to provide the care to the patients. The life of these hapless patients is important in India as the duration of day- light really miserable. does not greatly differ between winter and One can argue about the statistics and summer. To identify the environmental factors diagnostic standards of the neurological for a disease, the need of epidemiological disorders, but the bottom-line is to find out studies are imminent. Because it provides the ways to improve the situations. Some drugs distribution of patients in the population and are available which were discovered by the may indicate factors related to the disease. pharmaceutical industry (Nature, 507, 273, In one study (published in British Journal 2014). There are problems with some of these of Psychiatry, 158, 758-63, 1991) the month of drugs. Many patients do not respond to these birth of about 13,000 schizophrenic patients drugs and it is far from clear how these drugs born in Scotland between 1914-1960 was noted. 144 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678