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A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index, Second Edition

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A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index, Second Edition A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index, Second Edition. 02/07/2014 A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index Suggested Citation: MacPherson, L., M. Coombs, J. Reilly, M.G. Sullivan, and D.J. Park. 2014. A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index, Second Edition. Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 51 pp. Jul 2, 2014 Page 2 of 51 © 2014 Government of Alberta A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index Executive Summary Province-wide fisheries management strategies must rely on the basic building block of assessments of the status of individual stocks of fish. These strategies and assessments are components of the most basic management task of determining the effect of human disturbance on a fish population, and quantifying the effectiveness of recovery and maintenance actions. For strategies and plans to be consistent at a provincial scale, stock assessments must be consistent and comparable between stocks, areas, and time. To achieve this objective, a standardized process of assessment, called the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index (FSI) has been developed. The purpose of the FSI is to: 1) Provide landscape-level, provincial overview of fish sustainability 2) Allow for broad temporal comparisons in changes in sustainability 3) Support broad-level comparisons between fish sustainability and management actions (e.g., regulations, land use planning) 4) Provide information to assist in planning priorities for management actions at provincial scales The FSI assessment process has three major components; organizing stocks into spatial units, assessing the individual stock or stocks within units, and compiling the assessments into a provincial-level strategic information system. The core of this process, however, remains the individual fish stock assessment. This document A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index is an initial set of guidelines intended to assist biologists in conducting consistent stock assessments across the province and across species. These guidelines are expected to change over time, as problems are discovered and solutions found. This FSI rule set is however, expected to be the “operators manual” for maintaining repeatable and scientifically sound fish stock assessments in Alberta. Jul 2, 2014 Page 3 of 51 © 2014 Government of Alberta A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 FSI Background ............................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Data Requirements ....................................................................................................... 9 1.4 FSI Focal Species ........................................................................................................ 10 1.5 FSI Database ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 FSI Rule Set ............................................................................................................... 11 2.1 FSI Section 1: Assessment Info .................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Rules for Population Assessment Scale ..................................................................... 12 2.2 FSI Section 2: Population Integrity Group ...................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Population Density Category ...................................................................................... 14 ii. Historic Adult Density Metric .................................................................................. 16 2.2.2 Genetic Integrity Category ..................................................................................... 17 i. Degree of Hybridization Metric ............................................................................... 18 ii. Genetic Similarity to Original Stock Metric ............................................................... 22 iii. Genetic Distinction Metric ...................................................................................... 26 2.2.3 Ecological Integrity Category ..................................................................................... 33 I. Changes to Predators, Prey and Competitors Metrics ................................................ 33 i. Geographic Extent Metric ...................................................................................... 35 ii. Natural and Anthropogenic Habitat Limitations to Productivity Metrics ........................ 38 2.4 FSI Section 4: Threats and Threat Mitigation Group ........................................................ 43 2.5 FSI Sections 2-4: Data Reliability Group ........................................................................ 46 i. Monitoring Quality, Quantity and Timeliness Metrics ................................................. 46 3.0 Summary .................................................................................................................. 47 4.0 References ................................................................................................................. 48 Jul 2, 2014 Page 4 of 51 © 2014 Government of Alberta A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index Figures Figure 1. Proportion of a population metric remaining compared to a theoretical population undisturbed by anthropogenic influences. 8 Figure 2. Hypothetical self-assignment rates of two lotic fish species. 27 Figure 3. Maps showing Oldman River and Castle River HUC boundaries in red and locations of bull trout populations defined based on: A) streams-of-origin; and B) individual clustering analysis. 30 Figure 4. Total proportions of individuals successfully self-assigned to their population. 30 Figure 5. Stream network within the Clearwater River HUC showing 4th order streams and locations of captured bull trout. 31 Figure 6. Maps showing Athabasca River basin HUCs (A) and locations of Arctic grayling populations defined based on: B) capture location; C) river basin; and D) river basin with Mcleod and Athabasca rivers pooled. 32 Figure 7. Total proportions of individuals successfully self-assigned to their population. 33 Figure 8. Annual total growing degree days above 5°C, 1971 to 2000, for the province of Alberta. Data from Environment Canada. 39 Jul 2, 2014 Page 5 of 51 © 2014 Government of Alberta A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index Tables Table 1. Summary of Alberta Fish Sustainability Index (FSI) groups, categories and metrics. 11 Table 2. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index and Risk Assessment rankings for adult and immature density in the population density category of the population integrity group. 15 Table 3. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for the degree of hybridization metric in the genetic integrity category of the population integrity group. 18 Table 4. Examples of waterbodies from across the province ranked qualitatively for the degree of hybridization. 20 Table 5. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for the similarity to original stock metric in the genetic integrity category of the population integrity group. 23 Table 6. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for the genetic distinction metric in the genetic integrity category of the population integrity group. 28 Table 7. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for changes to the focal fish’s predators, prey, and competitors metrics in the ecological integrity category of the population integrity group. 34 Table 8. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for the geographic extent metric of lotic populations within Hierarchical Unit Code (HUC) watersheds in the productive potential group. 36 Table 9. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for the geographic extent metric of lentic populations within Hierarchical Unit Code (HUC) watersheds in the productive potential group. 37 Table 10. Limitations of high and low temperature (Hi and Low temp) and low dissolved oxygen (Low DO) to the habitat productivity of fourteen priority Alberta Fish Sustainability Index fish species. 38 Table 11. Examples of naturally high and anthropogenically low productivity habitats for the numerous priority Alberta Fish Sustainability Index fish species. 40 Table 12. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for natural and anthropogenic habitat limitations to the productivity of Hierarchical Unit Code (HUC) watersheds metric in the productive potential group. 42 Table 13. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for the need and availability of habitat and overharvest protection and the threat of exotic species metrics in the threat mitigation group. 44 Table 14. Alberta Fish Sustainability Index rankings for the quality and quantity of monitoring data and the timeliness of these data metrics in the data reliability group. 46 Jul 2, 2014 Page 6 of 51 © 2014 Government of Alberta A Generic Rule Set for Applying the Alberta Fish Sustainability Index 1.0 Introduction A top priority of fisheries managers is to determine the effect of human activities on fish populations and quantify the effectiveness
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