DOCSLIB.ORG

中国物理快报 Chinese Physics Letters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
中国物理快报 Chinese Physics Letters ISSN: 0256-307X 中国物理快报 Chinese Physics Letters Volume 31 Number 10 October 2014 A Series Journal of the Chinese Physical Society Distributed by IOP Publishing Online: http://iopscience.iop.org/0256-307X http://cpl.iphy.ac.cn C HINESE P HYSICAL S OCIET Y CHIN. PHYS. LETT. Vol. 31, No. 10 (2014) 100702 Mechanism and Simulation of Generating Pulsed Strong Magnetic Field * YANG Xian-Jun(杨wd)1**, WANG Shuai-Chuang(王RM)1, DENG Ai-Dong("O东)1, GU Zhuo-Wei(谷R伟)2, LUO Hao(罗浩)2 1Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094 2Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (Received 13 March 2014) A strong magnetic field (over 1000 T) was recently experimentally produced at the Academy of Engineering Physics in China. The theoretical methods, which include a simple model and MHD code, are discussed to investigate the physical mechanism and dynamics of generating the strong magnetic field. The analysis and simulation results show that nonlinear magnetic diffusion contributes less as compared to the linear magnetic diffusion. This indicates that the compressible hydrodynamic effect and solid imploding compression mayhavea large influence on strong magnetic field generation. PACS: 07.55.Db, 47.40.Rs, 89.30.Jj DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/31/10/100702 Magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) has become a hot this model is too simple to figure out the real phys- research topic in recent years.[1] Its remarkable char- ical picture of the dynamical process. The magneto- acter, the strong magnetic field, which is hundreds of hydrodynamic theoretical method is a more applicable Tesla or larger usually, plays a very important role solution in this study and is a suitable tool in the de- in the process of ignition for magnetized plasma.[2] scription of the generation process.[8] However, there In addition to MIF, the generation of a strong mag- is still an undergoing argument existing in this method netic field in the laboratory expands new frontiers in with regard to the contribution of the nonlinear mag- plasma and beam physics, astro- and solar-physics, netic diffusion. material science, and atomic and molecular physics.[3] In this Letter, a simple mechanism of the strong There are usually three typical methods to generate magnetic field generation process is analyzed, which such a strong magnetic field. One method is to use includes the explosive driven liner model and the sim- the stationary assembled capacitors. However, with ple energy conservation model from first principles. this method, it is difficult to generate a strong enough The MHD method is established to describe the whole magnetic field over hundreds of Tesla. Laser driven process. The physical results are simulated to com- compression is another method commonly utilized for pare with the experiment data conducted at CAEP. generating a very strong magnetic field. For example, The minimum turning point radius and possible max- an over kilo Tesla magnetic field has been achieved imum strength of a strong magnetic field from the pro- at the OMEGA laser facility via this method.[4] How- cess of explosive flux compression can be estimated via ever, its sub-millimeter geometry characteristic makes using these theoretical methods. it difficult to deal with the large scale geometry re- To simplify the generating process of a strong quirement. The explosive driven flux compression as magnetic field from the explosive imploding compres- an efficient method is widely applied to generate the sion method, the three-phase model is assumed firstly, strong magnetic field since it can resolve the limited which includes an energy conservation principle, linear scale geometry problem with low cost compared to the diffusion, and nonlinear diffusion. At the turnaround other two methods. In 1965, the first magnetic field point, the initial energy (kinetic energy plus embed- with 400 T strength was produced by slip explosion.[5] ded magnetic energy) should be totally transformed According to records, even a magnetic field with to the amplified magnetic field if there is no energy up to 2500 T strength was occasionally generated by loss, using the explosive driven flux compression,[6] while currently, it is still a great challenge for China to gen- EB − EB0 = Ek0; (1) erate a strong magnetic field, especially at a scale of 2 2 over 1000 T. where EB0 = B0 휋ro=2휇0 is the initial magnetic en- On the other hand, although great progress has ergy per length. On the left-hand side, the increment been achieved to experimentally generate the mag- magnetic energy should be equal to the work carried out by explosives to overcome the magnetic pressure netic field with the explosive driven flux compression 2 method, the specific generation mechanism is still un- FB = PB = B =2휇0, clear and needs further investigation. The theory of r Z t an equivalent circuit has been commonly used to an- A(F ) = E − E = − 2휋rF dr: (2) alyze and design this kind of generator.[7] However, B B B0 B r0 *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11175028. **Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] © 2014 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd 100702-1 CHIN. PHYS. LETT. Vol. 31, No. 10 (2014) 100702 If the flux is assumed to be conservative[10] (Br2 = On the other hand, we know that the magnetic en- 2 B0ro, ro is the initial liner inner radius), we have the ergy per length is approximately equal to the ther- turnaround radius without energy loss mal energy per length before the solid goes on to be [10] r vaporized EB0 rt = ro : (3) 2 EB0 + Ek0 B =2휇0 = cvT: (12) The initial kinetic energy is related to the final im- p ploding velocity v of liner The characteristic field B is defined as Bc = 2휇0/훽, a which means that the nonlinear effect may play an 1 2 important role if the magnetic field is over this value Ek0 = Mva; (4) 2 2 (43 T for Fe) (the same reference as above). If (B=Bc) where M is the liner mass per unit length. To obtain is larger than 1, we have this velocity, we use rout as the initial charge external 휎 휎 = 0 ≈ 휎 (B =B)2: (13) radius and rin is the initial charge inner radius (the 2 0 c 1 + (B=Bc) charge’s initial thickness rout − rin). The distribution of gas imploding velocity v(r) within the detonation Therefore, the modified skin depth that includes the products is assumed to be nonlinear diffusion is rout − r p v(r) = va : (5) 훿d = 휏/휇0휎0(B=Bc); (14) rout − rin 2 2 where B usually does not exceed the maximum value, If C = 휋(rout − rin)휌 is the explosive mass unit length and Wk is the detonation product kinetic energy per which corresponds to the total vaporized point. For unit length, energy conservation of the liner-explosive example, B takes the maximum value of 203 T for Cu system is now before it goes on to be totally vaporized.[11] Therefore, the radius of the turning point should have different 1 CE = Mv2 + W ; (6) expressions as follows: 2 a k where E is an energy density, and a cylindrical charge Rt = rt + 훿c; and liner geometry have been assumed. By definition, if nonlinear diffusion is not considered W is k Rt = rt + 훿c + 훿d; Z rout 1 2 if nonlinear diffusion is considered; (15) Wk = 휌 · 2휋r · v dr r 2 in then the final compressed magnetic field is 1 2h 2rin i = Cva 1 + : (7) 2 12 rout + rin (︁ ro )︁ B = B0 : (16) Then, we obtain the final imploding liner velocity Rt −1=2 p hM 1(︁ 2rin )︁]︁ Now we apply the theory to the experiment. Recently, va = 2E + 1 + : (8) C 6 rout + rin a series of experiments related to strong magnetic field p generation by the explosive driven implosion compres- The value 2E can be estimated by the explosive det- sion has been conducted at the Chinese Academic En- onation velocity gineering Physics (CAEP). Figure 1 is a configuration p of the experiment while Fig. 2 is a simplified analy- 2E = vD=3; (9) sis model, which corresponds to the simplified center and it is about 0.8 cm per unit microsecond. profile on the left hand. First of all, the coils pro- In fact, some kind of energy loss should exist dur- duce the initial embedded magnetic field in the center ing the process of transferring explosive chemical en- of the liner, then a synchronous detonating explosive ergy to magnetic energy. To simplify, the skin depth drives the liner implosion to compress the flux in the from linear magnetic diffusion can be written as inner of the liner. The explosive is a mixture of RDX and TNT and its detonation velocity is approximately p 훿c = 휏/휇0휎0; (10) 0.8 cm per microsecond. The radii are 10.5 cm and 5 cm, respectively, and the explosive length is 6.5 cm. where 휏 is the current or magnetic field’s character The liner is made of steel, which has the inner radius rise time, which is roughly a microsecond in this case. 4.85 cm with the thickness of 0.15 cm while its length is The nonlinear diffusion is mainly related to anon- 21.5 cm. From this geometry, the turning point radius solid process, which means that electric conductivity and skin depth can be estimated to be rt = 0:267 cm, [10] is no longer a constant, 훿c = 0:026 cm, which results in the final maximum 휎0 strong magnetic field about 1365 T for initial field 5T, 휎 = : (11) which is quite close to the experimental value 1450 T 1 + 훽cvT 100702-2 CHIN.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture Lu Zhao University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Zhao, Lu, "In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 826. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/826 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/826 For more information, please contact [email protected]. In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture Abstract This dissertation is focused on communities of people in the Han dynasty (205 B.C.-A.D. 220) who possessed the knowledge of a corpus of texts: the Five Classics. Previously scholars have understood the popularity of this corpus in the Han society as a result of stiff ideology and imperial propaganda. However, this approach fails to explain why the imperial government considered them effective to convey propaganda in the first place. It does not capture the diverse range of ideas in classicism. This dissertation concentrates on Han classicists and treats them as scholars who constantly competed for attention in intellectual communities and solved problems with innovative solutions that were plausible to their contemporaries. This approach explains the nature of the apocryphal texts, which scholars have previously referred to as shallow and pseudo-scientific.
    [Show full text]
  • The Literati Studio and Spatiality in Song China A
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Porous Privacy: The Literati Studio and Spatiality in Song China A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Yunshuang Zhang 2017 © Copyright by Yunshuang Zhang 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Porous Privacy: The Literati Studio and Spatiality in Song China by Yunshuang Zhang Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Jack W. Chen, Chair My dissertation examines the distinctive significance of the studio during the Song dynasty (960–1279) through its various literary and visual representations. Simply speaking, the studio was an enclosed site specifically used for reading, writing, and art creation. Pre-Song texts have records of a few early examples of studio sites in China. However, it was during the Song dynasty that the studio became a prominent cultural space for literati. The studio became both an object of scholarly representation and the medium through which the literatus’ everyday practices were effected. In this way, the studio served as a medium for the reproduction of literati culture itself. This dissertation concentrates on the spatiality of this medium. I argue that in Song literary representations, the studio was a porous private space: on the one hand, it provided a confined space for personal practices and self-cultivation; on the other hand, the studio was open to limited public interactions and was an emblematic display of literati self-identity. The main body of this dissertation is divided into five chapters. The first chapter traces the evolution of the literary configuration of the studio till the Song dynasty, to demonstrate the pivotal role that Song literature played in the construction of the studio space.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 2Nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce
    2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC 2011) Deng Feng, China 8-10 August 2011 Pages 1-827 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1117P-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4577-0535-9 1/9 Table Of Content "Three Center Three Level" Exploration and Practice of Experimental Teaching System..............................................1 Jun Yang, Yin Dong, Xiaojun Wang, Ga Zhao 0ption Gambling between Manufacturers in Pollution Treatment Technology Investment Decisions under Tradable Emissions Permits and Technical Uncertainty.......................................................................................5 Yi Yong-xi A Bottleneck Resource Identification Method for Completing the Workpiece Based on the Shortest Delay Time..........9 Wen Ding, Li Hou , Aixia Zhang A Combined Generator Based On Two PMLCGs.........................................................................................................14 Guangqiang Zhang A Data-structure Used to Describe Three -Dimensional Geological Bodies Based on Borehole Data.........................17 Chao Ning, Zhonglin Xiang, Yan Wang, Ruihuai Wang A Framework of Chinese Handwriting Learning, Evaluating and Research System Based on Real-time Handwriting Information Collection...........................................................................................................23 Huizhou Zhao A Grey Relevancy Analysis on the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Henan province.............................................................................................................................................27
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Porous Privacy: The Literati Studio and Spatiality in Song China Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3b71s80k Author Zhang, Yunshuang Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Porous Privacy: The Literati Studio and Spatiality in Song China A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Yunshuang Zhang 2017 © Copyright by Yunshuang Zhang 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Porous Privacy: The Literati Studio and Spatiality in Song China by Yunshuang Zhang Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Jack W. Chen, Chair My dissertation examines the distinctive significance of the studio during the Song dynasty (960–1279) through its various literary and visual representations. Simply speaking, the studio was an enclosed site specifically used for reading, writing, and art creation. Pre-Song texts have records of a few early examples of studio sites in China. However, it was during the Song dynasty that the studio became a prominent cultural space for literati. The studio became both an object of scholarly representation and the medium through which the literatus’ everyday practices were effected. In this way, the studio served as a medium for the reproduction of literati culture itself. This dissertation concentrates on the spatiality of this medium. I argue that in Song literary representations, the studio was a porous private space: on the one hand, it provided a confined space for personal practices and self-cultivation; on the other hand, the studio was open to limited public interactions and was an emblematic display of literati self-identity.
    [Show full text]
  • La Notion De Zhi Et Ses Corrélats Dans La Culture Chinoise. Une Méthode Pour Conduire Sa Vie
    La notion de zhi et ses corrélats dans la culture chinoise. Une méthode pour conduire sa vie. Manh Trung Ho To cite this version: Manh Trung Ho. La notion de zhi et ses corrélats dans la culture chinoise. Une méthode pour conduire sa vie.. Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie. Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. Français. tel-00690248 HAL Id: tel-00690248 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690248 Submitted on 22 Apr 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7) Ecole doctorale: Langue, littérature, image : civilisation et sciences humaines Doctorat : Asie Orientale et Sciences Humaines HO Manh Trung La notion de zhi et ses corrélats dans la culture chinoise. Une méthode pour conduire sa vie. Thèse dirigée par Monsieur le Professeur François JULLIEN Soutenue le 29 septembre 2011 JURY : Mr Pierre CHARTIER……..Président Mr François JULLIEN……..Directeur Mr Rémi MATHIEU……..Rapporteur Mr Patrick DOAN………..Rapporteur 2 A mes parents Avec ma piété attendrie. A Monsieur le Professeur François Jullien Avec ma reconnaissance et mon respect. A mon épouse Avec mon amour 3 LA NOTION DE ZHI ET SES CORRELATS DANS LA CULTURE CHINOISE.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation: "The Transformation of Medieval Chinese Elites"
    THE TRANSFORMATION OF MEDIEVAL CHINESE ELITES (850-1000 C.E.) Nicolas Olivier Tackett Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2006 © 2006 Nicolas Olivier Tackett All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Transformation of Medieval Chinese Elites (850-1000 C.E.) Nicolas Olivier Tackett Scholars of medieval China agree that between the late Tang (618-907) and the early Song (960-1279), Chinese society underwent a remarkable cultural, social, political, and economic transformation. One of the most dramatic aspects of this “Tang-Song transition” was the upheaval in the composition of Chinese elites, marked by the complete disappearance of the great aristocratic clans that had once surpassed even the emperors in prestige. This dissertation examines the evolution of Chinese elites during the multi-decade political interregnum between Tang and Song—a period that is a virtual black hole in Chinese studies yet holds the key to understanding the changes that revolutionized Chinese society. One thousand tomb epitaphs and a similar number of dynastic history biographies form the basis of a biregional (Hebei vs. Huainan/Jiangnan) prosopographic study that explores the disappearance of the medieval aristocracy; the social and cultural impact of the endemic migration that accompanied the circulation of roving armies; and the relationships between different elite types (civil bureaucrats, military officers, merchants, non-officeholding landowners).
    [Show full text]
  • Home Search About Current Issue Hightlights Contact Us
    Home Search About Current Issue Hightlights Contact us New interaction solutions of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation Liu Xi-Zhong, Yu Jun, Ren Bo, Yang Jian-Rong Citation:Chin. Phys. B, 2014, 23(10): 100201. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/10/100201 Journal homepage: http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn; http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb What follows is a list of articles you may be interested in Complex dynamical behaviors of compact solitary waves in the perturbed mKdV equation Yin Jiu-Li, Xing Qian-Qian, Tian Li-Xin Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(8): 080201. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/8/080201 Optimal switching policy for performance enhancement of distributed parameter systems based on event-driven control Mu Wen-Ying, Cui Bao-Tong, Lou Xu-Yang, Li Wen Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(7): 070204. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/7/070204 A novel hierarchy of differential–integral equations and their generalized bi-Hamiltonian structures Zhai Yun-Yun, Geng Xian-Guo, He Guo-Liang Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(6): 060201. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/6/060201 Second-order two-scale computations for conductive–radiative heat transfer problem in periodic porous materials Yang Zhi-Qiang, Cui Jun-Zhi, Li Bo-Wen Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(3): 030203. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/3/030203 A novel (G’/G)-expansion method and its application to the Boussinesq equation Md. Nur Alam, Md. Ali Akbar, Syed Tauseef Mohyud-Din Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(2): 020203. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/2/020203 Chaos control in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Kerr law nonlinearity Yin Jiu-Li, Zhao Liu-Wei, Tian Li-Xin Chin.
    [Show full text]
  • 14, Vol.23, No.8
    home | Authors | Referees | Browse | Announcement | Download | Subscription | Contact us | CPS Journals | Chinese Dear authors, Thank you very much for your contribution to Chinese Physics B. Your paper has been published in Chinese Physics B, 2014, Vol.23, No.8. Attached is the PDF offprint of your published article, which will be convenient and helpful for your communication with peers and coworkers. Readers can download your published article through our website http://www.iop.org/cpb or http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn What follows is a list of related articles published recently in Chinese Physics B. Complete coverage of reduced graphene oxide on silicon dioxide substrates Huang Jingfeng, Melanie Larisika, Chen Hu, Steve Faulkner, Myra A. Nimmo, Christoph Nowak, Alfred Tok Iing Yoong Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(8): 088103.Full Text: PDF (516KB) An optimized, sensitive and stable reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle-luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence system and its potential analytical application Wang Wen-Shuo, He Da-Wei, Wang Ji-Hong, Duan Jia-Hua, Peng Hong-Shang, Wu Hong-Peng, Fu Ming, Wang Yong-Sheng, Zhang Xi-Qing Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(4): 048103.Full Text: PDF (826KB) Coupling interaction between a single emitter and the propagating surface plasmon polaritons in a graphene microribbon waveguide Zhang Lei, Fu Xiu-Li, Lei Ming, Chen Jian-Jun, Yang Jun-Zhong, Peng Zhi-Jian, Tang Wei-Hua Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(3): 038101.Full Text: PDF (2420KB) Transparent conductive graphene films prepared by hydroiodic acid and thermal reduction Qin Meng-Meng, Ji Wei, Feng Yi-Yu, Feng Wei Chin. Phys. B , 2014, 23(2): 028103.Full Text: PDF (1681KB) Controlled construction of nanostructures in graphene Li Zhong-Jun, Li Qiang, Cheng Zeng-Guang, Li Hong-Bian, Fang Ying Chin.
    [Show full text]