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(Lampetra Ayresii) Outmigrant Upstream of the John Day Dam in the Mid-Columbia River

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(Lampetra Ayresii) Outmigrant Upstream of the John Day Dam in the Mid-Columbia River River Lamprey (Lampetra ayresii) Outmigrant Upstream of the John Day Dam in the Mid-Columbia River Authors: Jeffrey C Jolley, Gregory Kovalchuk, and Margaret F Docker Source: Northwestern Naturalist, 97(1) : 48-52 Published By: Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology URL: https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-97.1.48 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist on 16 Apr 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by United States Fish & Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center GENERAL NOTES NORTHWESTERN NATURALIST 97:48–52 SPRING 2016 RIVER LAMPREY (LAMPETRA AYRESII) OUTMIGRANT UPSTREAM OF THE JOHN DAY DAM IN THE MID-COLUMBIA RIVER JEFFREY CJOLLEY,GREGORY KOVALCHUK, AND MARGARET FDOCKER Key words: anadromous, Columbia River, There is a growing conservation concern for genetics, Lampetra ayresii,migration,River lampreys worldwide. Like other species, the Lamprey River Lamprey is susceptible to various fresh- water threats such as dredging and barriers to The anadromous River Lamprey (Lampetra migration (Maitland and others 2015). The ayresii) is known to occur in North America from Columbia River Basin is currently fragmented Alaska to central California, generally in associ- by many mainstem hydropower, navigation, ation with larger estuarine systems (such as the and flood-control dams, as well as numerous Fraser River in British Columbia, the Sacramento additional dams and irrigation diversions in River in California, and the Columbia River in tributary systems. Many of these dams do not Washington-Oregon; Vladykov and Follett 1958; provide fish passage and those that do are likely Weitkamp and others 2015). Its occurrence in the problematic for migratory adult lampreys (Mo- Columbia River basin, however, has not been ser and others 2015). Documentation of River well documented. Although small numbers of Lamprey in the Columbia River basin would juvenile (feeding phase) River Lamprey have help inform management of this highly regu- been captured incidentally in the Columbia River lated system, as well as elucidate distribution Estuary (Bond and others 1983; Weitkamp and patterns to aid conservation. A current effort is others 2012, 2015), there are few records of this underway to increase the monitoring of out- species in freshwater (Kostow 2002). The farthest migrating juvenile lampreys through the oper- upriver report in the Columbia River basin is ation of salmonid smolt monitoring systems at a March 1940 record at Bonneville (presumably mainstem Columbia River dams (Fish Passage at Bonneville Dam), 235 river kilometers (rkm) Center 2014). Subsamples of juvenile (meta- from the Pacific Ocean (Vladykov and Follett morphosed to outmigrating phase) and larval 1958). However, adult River Lamprey (117- to (unmetamorphosed) lampreys are collected, 324-mm total length; Vladykov and Follett 1958; anesthetized, identified (to species for juvenile Bond and others 1983; Wydoski and Whitney lampreys and to genus for larval lampreys), 2003; Weitkamp and others 2015) are less notice- measured, and assessed for body condition. able than the larger Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus A putative juvenile (recently metamor- tridentatus) (700- to 800-mm total length; Clemens phosed) River Lamprey was collected at the and others 2010) and might spawn in deep water John Day Dam smolt bypass facility on 28 May in large river systems similar to other lamprey 2013 from a sample time frame of 13:00 to 07:00. species (Dawson and others 2015). Thus, even The fish was 144-mm total length and weighed when abundant, they are rarely observed in 3.1 g. Its dentition pattern clearly distinguished freshwater (Beamish 1980; Beamish and Youson it from the relatively more common Pacific 1987). Furthermore, during its prolonged fresh- Lamprey (Fig. 1). Pacific Lamprey have 3 large water larval stage, it is difficult or impossible to cusps on the supra-oral lamina, 4 pairs of lateral distinguish River Lamprey, either morphologi- teeth, and 1 row of posterior teeth; whereas the cally or genetically, from the closely related and River Lamprey has 2 cusps on the supra-oral widely distributed Western Brook Lamprey lamina, 3 pairs of lateral teeth, and no posterior (Lampetra richardsoni) (Docker 2009). The non- teeth (Wydoski and Whitney 2003). Its caudal migratory, non-trophic adult Western Brook pigmentation was likewise consistent with Lamprey (90- to 180-mm total length) can be Lampetra spp. (Fig. 2, Fig. 3); lampreys in the distinguished from adult River Lamprey by Entosphenus genus possess a lighter caudal morphological and dentition characters (Wy- ridge, whereas the caudal ridge of Lampetra doski and Whitney 2003; Docker 2009). spp. is uniformly dark (Goodman and others 48 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist on 16 Apr 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by United States Fish & Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center SPRING 2016 GENERAL NOTES 49 FIGURE 1. Ventral view of supra-oral lamina (SO), lateral circumoral (LC), and posterior (PO) dentition patterns for juvenile Pacific Lamprey (panel A) and juvenile River Lamprey (panel B) collected at the Columbia River John Day Dam smolt bypass facility on 28 May 2013. River Lamprey and Western Brook Lamprey dentition is compared in Docker (2009), Figure 1. 2009). This specimen was distinguished from FIGURE 2. Lateral view of caudal fin for juvenile the co-occurring juvenile Western Brook Lam- Pacific Lamprey (panel A) and juvenile River Lam- prey (panel B) collected at the Columbia River John prey by its sharper and more prominent teeth, Day Dam smolt bypass facility on 28 May 2013. silvery coloration, and larger eye (Fig. 1, Fig. 3; Docker 2009: Figure 1). An approximate 2 3 2 mm sample of tissue was removed from the specific differences in the mitochondrial cyto- caudal fin and stored in a vial containing 100% chrome b gene, and the Etr-1 locus is approx- ethanol for genetic analysis, after which the imately 225–230 base pairs (bp) in Entosphenus lamprey in the trap was released back to the and 260 bp in Lampetra. Both assays confirmed river. this specimen as Lampetra spp. Genetic analysis was performed using both John Day Dam is the 3rd upriver mainstem the HaeIII restriction fragment length polymor- dam (following Bonneville and The Dalles phism (RFLP) assay described by Goodman and dams) on the Columbia River; at 348 rkm, this others (2009) and the Etr-1 microsatellite locus is the farthest upriver documentation of a River described by Spice and others (2011). The HaeIII Lamprey in the Columbia River basin. This assay recognizes Entosphenus- and Lampetra- single report to date above the John Day Dam Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist on 16 Apr 2019 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by United States Fish & Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center 50 NORTHWESTERN NATURALIST 97(1) FIGURE 3. Lateral view of juvenile Pacific Lamprey (top) and River Lamprey (bottom) collected at the Columbia River John Day Dam smolt bypass facility on 28 May 2013. Lateral views of River and Western Brook lampreys are shown in Docker (2009), Figure 1. (despite the fact that 4053 to 24,519 juvenile beneficial, as would attempts to determine if lamprey have been examined each year at its pigmentation differences reported between Riv- smolt bypass facilities since the inception of the er Lamprey and Western Brook Lamprey larvae monitoring program in 2011; Fish Passage in British Columbia (Richards and others 1982) Center 2015) suggests a very small upstream can be applied to these species elsewhere. population. Although Vladykov and Follett It is also worth considering whether this (1958) reported an upstream migrant at Bonne- outmigrating lamprey was potentially produced ville (presumably Bonneville Dam; rkm 235 from non-migratory Western Brook Lamprey mm) in the Columbia River and migration upstream of the John Day Dam, rather than distances in the Sacramento River basin in from adult migrating River Lamprey that would excess of 300 km, River Lamprey are generally have had to successfully pass Bonneville, The thought to be associated with near-coastal areas Dalles, and John Day dams to produce this (Beamish 1980; Beamish and Youson 1987), juvenile. A population of Western Brook Lam- especially in areas like Puget Sound, Washing- prey in Morrison Creek on Vancouver Island is ton (Hayes and others 2013). Given their smaller known to produce some individuals that, at body size and, presumably, poorer climbing metamorphosis, have
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