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Development and Analysis of Hybrid Pla Composite from Animal Fiber and Betel Nut Fiber

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Development and Analysis of Hybrid Pla Composite from Animal Fiber and Betel Nut Fiber Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF HYBRID PLA COMPOSITE FROM ANIMAL FIBER AND BETEL NUT FIBER S. SARAVANAN1, K. MANIKANDAN2, M. VAIRAVEL3, N. SUNDARAMOORTHY4, 1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Muthyammal Engineering College, Rasipuram, Namakkal. 2Operation and Maintenance Head, Sembcorp Green Infra Ltd, Gurgaon, 122002, India. 3Research and development, Tejatech Design solution Pvt ltd, Erode, TamilNadu. 4Professor in Mechanical Engineering, St Thomas College of Engineering and Technology, Chengannur, Kerala. ABSTRACT: A lot of research is going on today in the field of material science to develop newer materials. Organic fabrics are getting great attention from scientists, engineers, and researchers as reinforcement in the epoxy matrix to develop organic fiber reinforced epoxy composites. In this article, an attempt has been carried out to develop a logical approach to evaluate the tensile impact and hardness strength of betel nut and animal fiber reinforced hybrid PLA composites. The composite panel was fabricated using hand lay-up method to the size of 300mmx200mmx10mm of organic fibers namely coconut betel nut (5 wt %) and animal fiber as fiber (45 % by volume) reinforced in epoxy resin. The test criteria determine modulus, percentage elongation, ultimate strength, hardness and impact strength. Keywords: Composite, animal Fibre, betel nut Fibre 1. INTRODUCTION Composites made of conventional fibers like glass, carbon, graphite, boron, Kevlar, and so on have a high price. If made of low-cost fibers, they will reduce the cost of parts for which they are used. Organic fibers are such materials, they are not only affordable but are available in plenty also. They are lightweight and they possess high particular strength and low specific gravity and are eco-friendly too. Their strength is not as tall as those of synthetic fibers. Hence, organic fiber composites are likely to be a blend of lightweight and durable material. [1] PLA is employed in almost every area of society like the packing, transportation, building work, and enclosures. PLA is easily shaped by extrusion, injection molding, vacuum forming or foaming. It is durable, environmentally resistant, tough and light. Tailoring mechanical PLA properties for specific purposes often require fiber reinforcement. Common synthetic fibers contain carbon, aramid, and glass while organic fibers like wool, industrial hemp, and sisal are had also been shown to be efficient. A substitute to the aforementioned fibers is fiber recovered from animal feathers, as they are commonly available and have good mechanical characteristics. [2] There are enormous mechanical benefits for employing composite materials. Organic Fibre Composite demonstrates the particular properties advantages of the structural use of composite over traditional industrial materials. Volume VIII Issue VI JUNE 2019 Page No : 129 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 Fibers reinforced organic matrix composite materials specific-properties can double or triple the load-carrying capacity over the traditional metals. This material’s benefit enables structural designs that out-perform conventional application limitations commensurately improving system performance like weight reduction, rising fuel consumption or increasing speed. [3] 2. FABRICATION AND TESTING Various methods exist for the making of organic fiber composites. Most of methods are commonly employed for developing glass fiber composites that are applicable for developing organic fiber composites. However, the well-known method for composites developing are as followings: Spray up or hand Lay-up is one of the most inexpensive and prevalent methods for manufacturing the products of fiber composite. In this method, the mold is waxed and sprayed with gel coat and cured in hot oven. In the process of spray-up, catalyzed resin is sprayed into the mold, with chopped fiber where secondary spray up layer embeds the core among the laminates leads to a composite. In the process of hand layup, both continuous fiber strand mats and fabrics are manually placed in the mold. Each ply is sprayed with catalyzed resin and with required pressure compact laminate is made. In this study chicken fiber-reinforced, epoxy resin composites were molded by the hand lay-up technique using organicly available chicken fiber and a matrix. The fibers (animal fiber and betel nut ) were gathered from the local area. Animal fiber and betel nut fiber had been washed several times with hot water to eliminate content of cellulose and other pollutants and then were dipped in 5% NaOH focussed water for 30 minutes. The dipped fibers were then washed with the detergent water followed by pure water then were dried up in sun rays. Clean fibers from dirt and impurities are obtained. Volume VIII Issue VI JUNE 2019 Page No : 130 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Testing performed: - There are a couple of testing are performed on the chicken feather composite sheet 1. Mechanical Testing 2. Tensile test 3. Izod Test 4. Hardness test 5. Thermal Testing 6. DSC or Differential Scanning Calorimetry test 7. TGA or Thermo Gravimetric Analysis test 3.1 TENSILE TESTING Tensile testing is referred to as tension testing and it is a fundamental material science assessment in which a sample is undergoes controlled tension as long as failure. The results from the assessment are generally employed to choose a material for an application, for quality control, and to forecast how a material will react in accordance with other forms of forces. The specimen is prepared according to ASTM D3039. 3.2 IMPACT TEST The impact test is performed to assess the shock-absorbing capability of the material undergo suddenly applied shock load. This capability is expressed as the impact strength of the material. 3.3 HARDNESS TEST The hardness test is performed on a hybrid composite on a digital hardness testing machine. 3.4 WATER ABSORPTION TEST Testing Procedure Water absorption test conducted in which specimen is immersed in the for 36 hours at room temperature under normal condition and each 4hours their weight would be measured. A rectangular test piece of dimension (60mm×40mm×10mm) was dipped in a glass containing water 250ml for 36 hrs. The original weight of the specimen was 25 g assessed by the weighing balance whose least count is 0.01g. The weight of the specimen was evaluated at a time span between 6 hrs and 36 hrs. the specimen absorbs water only until 24 hrs. The weight of specimen is raised up to 0.55g at the 24 hrs only and after that, the weight of specimen displays that there is no rise in weight that is weight of specimen is fixed. After 24 hrs, the samples were removed from the moist environment and entire moisture in surface was removed with the assistance of pure dry fabric or tissue paper. Volume VIII Issue VI JUNE 2019 Page No : 131 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 Figure 3 Dog-bone shape & Flat bar shape 4. CONCLUSIONS 1. In the present investigation, a hybrid composite (animal fiber and betel nut) is made with a PLA matrix. Various mechanical tests are performed as per ASTM standards. 2. There is 74.67% increase in tensile strength of a hybrid composite by adding betel nut fiber with animal fiber in comparison to aloe vera – animal fiber organic hybrid composite 3. There is a slight improvement (1.06%) in impact strength of hybrid Composite as compared to hybrid composed of animal fiber and betel nut fiber. 4. There is an improvement (1.54%) in hardness of hybrid PLA Composite in comparison to CRFC (Chicken reinforced fiber composite). 5. The initial degradation temperature of the hybrid composite was 1500C and the final degradation temperature was 6000C. The maximum rate of weight loss was observed in the range of 1500C– 6000C. The amount of residue left is 0.33%. 6. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of hybrid composite increases as compared to plain epoxy. The animal fiber and betel nut as particulate form are aided to plain epoxy enhanced the glass transition temperature (Tg) is up to 1900C. 7. Organic fiber reinforced hybrid composite material can be used in the smart structure, false ceiling, automobile interior and in the packaging industry. 5. FUTURE SCOPE Based on the limitation following are some suggestions: 1) Further research can be carried out by using different types of fiber such as chicken feathers, human hair (as a waste) used in the hybrid composite for enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties. 2) In the present research, we used hand lay-up techniques to fabricate hybrid composite material, in a future different technique of fabrication can be used. Volume VIII Issue VI JUNE 2019 Page No : 132 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 3) In the present investigation we used 5% by weight of coconut betel nut for making of hybrid composite material, in the future we can study the behavior of composite material at varying its proportion. 4) By using the design of experiment(DOE) different process parameter can be optimized by a different method such as response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network(ANN), genetic algorithm (GA) 5) The same work can be extended for other thermosetting and thermoplastic materials. REFERENCES [1] Barone, Justin R., and Walter F. Schmidt. "Polyethylene reinforced with keratin fibers obtained from chicken feathers." Composites Science and Technology 65.2 (2005): 173-181. [2] Rizvi, Syed Mazher Abbas, et al. "An Investigation of Thermal Properties of Reinforced Coconut Coir-Bagasse Fibres Polymer Hybrid Composites." (2017). [3] Ramamoorthy, Sunil Kumar, Mikael Skrifvars, and Anders Persson. "A review of natural fibers used in biocomposites: plant, animal and regenerated cellulose fibers." Polymer Reviews 55.1 (2015): 107-162. [4] Pappu, Asokan, et al. "Advances in industrial prospective of cellulosic macromolecules enriched banana biofibre resources: A review." International journal of biological macromolecules 79 (2015): 449-458.
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