Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Development Of

Environmental Impact..... Assessment for the proposed Development of Sewerage System and Roads Dhuvaafaru, North Malhosmadulu Atoll, Maldives July 2007 Proposed by: Consultants Prepared by: Ahmed Zahid Water solutions Pvt. Ltd. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Maldives Delegation EIA for the development of Proposed Road and Sewerage System on R. Dhuvaafaru i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... I LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................................. I LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ I LIST OF PLATES ................................................................................................................................................ I DECLARATION OF THE CONSULTANT ..................................................................................................... II NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... III 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 EIA SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 METHODOLOGIES ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 EIA IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................................................... 4 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 THE PROPONENT .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 THE PROJECT ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 The Road Network ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.3.2 The Sewerage System ................................................................................................................. 10 2.4 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................. 15 2.4.1 Roads .......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.4.2 Wastewater system ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.5 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ...................................................................................................................... 19 2.5.1 Why install a sewerage system? ................................................................................................. 19 2.5.2 Why Dhuvaafaru? ....................................................................................................................... 19 2.5.3 Why the Proposed System? ......................................................................................................... 20 3 ALTERNATIVES ..................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1 NO PROJECT OPTION ............................................................................................................................. 21 3.2 ALTERNATIVE ROAD WORKS ............................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Alternative Construction Methods .............................................................................................. 22 3.3 ALTERNATIVE SEWERAGE SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 24 3.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 24 3.3.2 Alternative Options for Dhuvaafaru ........................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 Gravity flow systems ................................................................................................................... 27 3.3.4 Vacuum Sewers........................................................................................................................... 27 Proposed by IFRC, 2007 C:\Documents and Settings\Ilham\Desktop\Dhuvaafaru EIA\Dhuvaafaru EIA‐ changed\EIA of Dhuvaafaru Road and Sewerage July 2007‐LC.docx EIA for development of Proposed Road and Sewerage System on R. Dhuvaafaru ii 3.3.5 Summary of alternatives ............................................................................................................. 28 3.3.6 Secondary Treatment and Effluent Reuse ................................................................................... 29 3.3.7 Treatment Processes ................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.8 Other Factors ............................................................................................................................. 34 3.3.9 Alternative locations for the outfall ............................................................................................ 36 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 37 4.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 37 4.2 OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .............................................................. 37 4.2.1 Environmental Protection Act .................................................................................................... 37 4.2.2 Second National Environment Action Plan ................................................................................ 38 4.2.3 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan ......................................................................... 39 4.2.4 Protected Areas and Sensitive Areas .......................................................................................... 39 4.2.5 Waste management policy .......................................................................................................... 40 4.2.6 Consultation and public participation laws ............................................................................... 40 4.2.7 Population Policy ....................................................................................................................... 40 4.2.8 Regulation on Sand and Aggregate Mining ................................................................................ 41 4.2.9 Ban on coral mining ................................................................................................................... 41 4.2.10 Land Act (Law no. 1/02) ............................................................................................................. 41 4.2.11 Policy on water ........................................................................................................................... 42 4.2.12 General guidelines for domestic wastewater disposal ............................................................... 42 4.2.13 Regulation on Cutting Trees ....................................................................................................... 42 4.3 RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION .............................................................. 43 4.4 FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .............................................................................. 44 4.4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation ........................................................................... 44 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS REQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT .................................................................... 45 4.5.1 EIA Decision Note ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.5.2 Wastewater disposal permits ...................................................................................................... 45 4.6 WATER AND WASTEWATER REGULATIONS, POLICIES, STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES ........................ 45 4.6.1 Guidelines for Domestic Wastewater Disposal .......................................................................... 47 4.7 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF

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