CENSUS OF INDIA 1981
PART-X B SERIES-7 HIMACHAL PRADESH SPECIAL SURVEY REPOR T ON SELECTED TOWN
DHARMSALA
First Draft By: G. S. PABLA Deputy Director AND C. L. SHARMA Assistant Director
Final Draft By : K. C. SURI Joint Director
Editor H. S. ATWAL of The Indian Administrative Ser))ice DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERA'FIONS, HIMACHAL PRADESH CONTENTS
PAG~S
FOREWORD iii-iv PREFACE v-vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii-viii LIST OF TABLES ix-xii LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES xiii-xvi Chapter I Introduction Location, Important Characteristics, Total population of the Town, Topography and Physical Environment, Tushita Retreat Centre. Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Physical Environment, Flora and Fauna, Chmate, Rainfall, Communication with other places, Morphology, Residential Pattern. 1-4 Chapter II Growth History of the Town : History and Growth of the Town, Size and Boundary, Land Utilisation Pattern, History of Immigration and Emigration. Lahd Speculation and Land Price, Impact of Topography and other factors of Growth, Population Characteristics of Town. 5-9 Cbapter m Amenities and Services-History of Growth and the Present Position : Administrative Offices, Divisional Commissioner's Office, Deputy Comm~sioner's Office, Office of the Deputy Inspector General of Police (North Zone), Superintendent of Police (General), Superintendent of Police Vi /gilance (North Zone). Superintendent of Police Enforcement (North Zone); Public Works Department Chief Engineer (B & R) North Zone), Superintending Engineer (IPH), Executive Engineer (Mechanica!), Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board, Forest, Horticulture Department, Public Relations, Medical aIRt- Health, Education, H.P. Board of School Education, Judicial Courts, Civil Suppply, Co-operative, Transport, Welfare, Tourism, Central Tibetan Secretariat (Gangchen' Kyishong), Municipal Committee, Water Supply; Conservancy, Power and Road Lighting, Transport and Communication. Post and Tele graph, Telephones, Telegraph Office, Wireless, Fire Fighting, Detailed Accounts of Important Educational Institutes: Govt. College, Govt. College for Education, J.B.T. School, Model Secondary School (Girls). Govt. Secondary School (Boys), Tibetan Children's Village, Tibetan Children Village School, Medical Institutions,FamilyWelfare Services, Private Clinics, Tibetan Medical Institute, Tibetan Delek, Hospital, Incidence of Diseases and Treatment, Diseases among Animals. 10-11 Chapter IV EcoQ()mic Life of the TOllP : Economic life of the Town, Working Force in the Sample Households, Distribution of Working Force by Sex and Broad Age-group Amongst Ethnic Groups, Employment Status of W{)rkers, Employment Depth, Unl;}mployment, Unemployment Depth, Establishments, Trade and Commerce, Important Public Offices, Industrial Establishments, Tibetan Handicraft Centre, Tibet Photo ·Service, Printing Presses, Tibetan Art and Metal Craft Training Centre. Land, Livestock and other Resources, Land Revenue and Land 'T(I)., Banking Facilities, Construction, Transport and Construction,Fairsand Markets. 22·46 Chapter V Ethnic and Sel~ted Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Population : Ethnic Composition of the Population, Nationality, Religious Composition, Religionwise population in Sample Households, Mother Tongue, Survey data returns on Mother Tongue, Scheduled CasteS/Scheduled Tribes population in the town, Distribution of Scheduled Castes by Age, Sex and Educational level, Other Castes covered undO!r the Household Sample, Houseless and Institutional Population, Disabled Population, Distribution of Population By Age, Sex, Education and Marital Status, Religion, Age at Marriage and Trend, Marriage Age Differentials Amongst various Castes/ Communities, Widow Remarri age, Divorce and Remarriage, Correlates of Age at Marriage, Education by Religion, Education by Schedul ed Castes/ Scheduled Tribes and Others, Non-Enrolment in School, Discontinuation of Study . . 47-61 CbIlpter VI Migration and Settlement of Families : Migration, Households Classified by Place of Last Residence and Duration of Stay, Distributioll of House holds by Migration Status, Place of Birth of Head of Households and Composition by Age and Sex, Place of Last Residence as Related to Place of Birth, Place of Birth/Last Residence as Related to District/ State/ Country ; Employment Status of migrant Workers with reference to Place of last Residence, Characteris tics of Place of Origin of Migrants, Broad Categories of thl;} Place of Origin, Time and Reason for Migra tion, Characteristics of Place of Origin of Migrants; Characteristics of the Place of Successive Migration, Characteristics of the successive Migaration by Reasons, Characteristics of Successive Migration in three stages, Characteristics of places of successive Migartion at three stages by Reasons, Characteristics of Suc cessive Migration in Four stages by time of Migration to the referent Town, Property Owned/not Owned at the Time of Migration Arrangement for Supervision of Property, Material benefit derived from Property by Migrant Households, Disposal of Property by Migrant Households at the Place of Origin, Linkage of Migrant households at the Place of Origin, Unit of Migration, Help Received from various Sources during Migration, Problems faced during or after Migration. 62-79 Chapter vn Neighbourhood Pattern : Identification of Neighbourhood, Mcleodganj, Kotwali Bazar, Chilgari, Depot Bazar, Civil Lines Area, Cultural. Social and Religious Activities within the Neighbourhood, Cultural, Social and Religious Activi ties outside the Neighbourhood, Dal Mela, Purchase ot' Commodities Inside and Outside the Neighbour hood; Educational, Medical and Recreational Facilities Inside and Outside the Neighbourhat>d, Mcleod ganj-Cultural, Social and Religious Activities Within the Neighourhood, Cultural, Social and Religious Activities Outside the Neighbourhood, Purchase of Commodities inside and outside the neighbourho09. Educational, Medical and Recreational Facilities Inside and Outside the Nei~bourh~d _ - - 80-83 (i) Cbapter vm Family Life In the Town : Households by Number of Members, Composition by Sex and Age, Nature of Relation of members to the Head of the Household, Households by Nature of Relationshipof Head of Household, Typeof Households, Types of Families amongst important Caste/Communities. Members Staying Outside with Nature of Link with the Household, Composition of Families by Country, State, Religion and Caste, Particulars of Family Members Staying Outside by Age and Relation to Head of Household. Persons Staying Outside by Occupation of Head of Household and Nature of Relationship with Head of Household, Particulars of Households Staying Outside. 84-90 Chapter.IX Housing and Material Culture Details of Census Houses, Households, Population and Persons per Household, Relation of Selected House· holds with Adjoining Households in Space by Locality, Predominant Construction Material of House, Material of Floor, Wall Material, Material of Roof, Material of Ceiling, Households classified by number of Members, Number·ofRooms Occupied by'Locality, Househbld classitiell by numbet of Married Couple and Reoms Occupied by them, Households classified by .bocality and per capita, Floor Space. Availability of Amenities by Locality, Duration of Stay and Tenural Status, Existence of Furniture by ~ocality and Dura- tionof Stay, Utendls, Luxury Goods and Costly Items available in the Households, Dress. . 91-103 Chapter X Slums, Blighted and Other Areas with Sub Standard Living Conditions : A General Description. 104 Chapter XI Organisation of Power and Prestige: Voting Behaviour of Population during the Last Parliamentary Election, 1984, Vidhan Sabha Election, 1985 and Municipal Election, 1986, Degree of Respectability and Level of Infiuentiality in the Neighbourhood, Mcleodganj Neighbourhood·Five Most Respected Persons, Kotwali Bazar Neighbour hood, Chilgari Neighbourhood, Depot Bazar Neighbourhood, Civil Lines Neighbourhood, Five Most Respected Persons of the Town, Political Parties in Dharmsala Town, Staff Associatons, Trade Unions and Caste/Community ·Sabha etc 105-112 Chapter XU Leisure and Recreation, Social Participation; Social Awareness, Religion and Crime : Park and Play Grounds, Town Hall, Libraries, Newspapers, Journal and Periodicals, Religious Activities, Nechung Monastery, Family Planning Measures, Crime Statistics and Institutions dealing with Crime and Deviant Behaviour, District Jail. . 113-126 Chapter xm Linkage and Continua : General Demographic Characteristics, System of Transport and Communication. Main Productive Acti· vities,Relation with Other towns, Travel Index,Pat1icularsof Places Outside the Town . 127-135 Chapter XIV Conclusion . 136-138 APPENDIX . 139-357
(ii) FOREWORD
Apart from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is steeped in the tradi tion of undertaking a variety of studies of topical interest. In fact, the publications brought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of information on racial, cultural, linguistic and a number of other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advent of freedom, however, the scope and dimension of these special studies had to be restructured in a manner that would provide the basic feedbacks on the processes of development taking place in different spheres of life of the people especially under planned development.
Thus, in connection with the 1961 Census, a massive programme was launched inter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts of the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 percent of the total population as per the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area of the study to urban centres as well, to provide a complete coverage of the people living in diverse socio~economic conditjons. It was with this objective in view, ancillary studies on towns were launched as part of the social studies programme in connection with the 1971 Census.
The programme of social studies taken up in connection with th~ 1971 Census, was continued with'011t -any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handicrafts was, however, added as a new item under the social study projects of the 1981 Census. For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns were selected from different parts of the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional characteristics, Cd) specific industry or occupation dominating the economy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communiti..es, and (g) other social and cultural phenomenon like temple, town, health resort etc.
The research design, tools for data collection and formats for data tabulation and report writing required for urban studies were originally formulated by Dr. B. K. Roy Burman, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N.G. Nag took considerable pains-to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K. P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division, coordinated these studies at different levels as well as rendered necessary guidance to the Directorates of Census Operations for their successful consummation. Shri M. K. Jain, Senior Research Officer with the able assistance of A.D.C.Os Smt. Suman Prashar and A. K. Singh did a commendable job in scrutinising the reports and communicating the comments there on to the Directo rates. I am grateful to all of them.
The present report is the out-come of a study on Dharmsala town undertaken by the Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh. I am indebted to Shri K. C. Suri, Deputy Director and his colleagues in the Census Directorate for their pains taking efforts in bringing out this report.
l~EW DELHI v. S. VERMA 1ST JUNE, 1988 REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA
PREFACE
The kindergarten process of drapping the naked census data with blood and flesh account in the from of sociological garments and giving a cosmetic touch to the multifaceted real style of life, was initiated for the first time in 1961 Census in the form of speeiaJ studies, village surveys, traditional handicraft surveys and studies of fairs and festivals. These special social projects with some changes and modi fications appeared on the study programme of 1971 Census also. As the population dynamics started showing trends of tilting more and more in the orbit of urbanisation, it was felt with acute justification to expand the net work of Social Study Projects to cover the towns depicting special characteristics. The town study project, thus, became an ancillary component of the 1971 Census. The vast field laboratory in which the Census Organisation experimented and learnt by adopting a well designed urban survey farme and questionnaire produced a uniform standard feed in the form of town study reports for multi data searchers, researchers, users and planners. The fact, that every town study report was an improve ment over the previous one, the town study reports glittered in the demand list of data users of 1981 Census and the project was executed as an inter-censal exercise with a view to devoting head and heart of keen-eyed canvassers and field observers. Keeping this background in view, two towns namely Solan and Dharmsala in Himachal Pradesh were selected in 1981. The field work of Dharmsala town, which is primarily a tourist resort and functionally a service town, having Divisional Headquarters of the State government was organised in October, 19&6. The methodology of the field study was broad-based and the study design was applied in all wards of the town by canvassing household survey schedules in random selected households and the emperical in formation ~as complimented and supplemented by obtaining official data through town schedule and by way of making penetrating observations about the overall behaviour of the town's cosmos in every walk- of life. -_ The entire attempt is a handi-work of my experienced Census staff and officers who visited the town thrice and camped there for about eight to ten days in each trip for conducting and organising the field work and for establishing complete liaison with the local administration and the people. - Immediately after my taking over as Director of Census Operations. the massive onslaught of organisi- ing the time bound 1991 Census Operations took predence over the finalisation of Dharmsala town study report and the Clock did not click for sometime. My association with this report, therefore, confined me chiefly to the editing and revising the draft in the light of the comments received from the office of the R. G. I. The field work and the drafting was completed before I took over. I place on record my appreciation and thanks for the unflinching cooperation extended by the authorities and unbiased response by the selected households, Dharmsala M:C. and its Municipal Commissioners,· local religious, social and political leaders which provided a broad field survey pyra mid to bring out this comprehensive report. The analysis in the report is purely based on the emperical data collected through field survey and the views expressed and inferences drawn are the observatory exercise of the tlrafters. The report, in no way is a spokesman of the State or Central government policies and programmes. I am thankful to Sh. A. R. Nanda, lAS, Registrar General, India, New Delhi for his overall patronage and encouragement. I am also thankful to Dr. K. P. Ittaman, D.R.G., Social Studies Division, New Delhi for his valuable guidance, scrutiny of the draft report and valuable suggestions for further improvements.
H. S. ATWAL Director of Census Operations. SHIMLA : October 25, 1991. Himachal Pradesh
(v·vi)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Planning and field work 1 Shri G. S. PabIa, Deputy Director 2. Shri C. L. Sharma, Asstt. Director 3. Shri Arjun Singh Negi, Investigator 4. Sl1.ri Ram Singh Thakur, Statistical Assistant 5. Shri Gopi Nand Narta, Statistical Assistant 6. Shri Mohar Singh Chauhan, Computor Tabulaaon 1. Shri C. L. Sharma. Asstt. Director 2. Shri Arjun Singh Negi, Investigator 3. Shri Rajinder Singh Negi, Statistical Assistant 4. Shri Ram Singh Thakur, Statistical Assistan't 5. Shri Gopi Nand Narta, Statistical Assistant 6. Shri Mohar Singh Chauhan, Computor Drafting of Report 1. Shri G. S. Pabla, Deputy Director 2. Shri C. L. Sharlna, Asstt. Director Maps and Diagrams 1. Shri J. P. Purohit, Senior Geographer 2. Mrs. Veena Thakur, Cartographer 3. Shri Tuka Ram Wanikar, Senior Artist 4. Shri 'Parma Nand Sharma, Senior Artist 5. Shri Het Ram Verma. Artist 6. Shri Sbanker Lal Parihar, Senior Draftsman 7. Shri Kiran Kumar Sharma. Hand Press Machine Operator 8. Shri Jagdish Singh Kaile, Ferro Print Operator Typing 1. Shri Gian Chand. Senior Stenographer 2. Shri Virender Singh, Upper Division Clerk Printing 1. Sh. J. C. Gautam, Printing Inspector 2. Sh. S. L. Qaumi, _Printing Inspector 3. Sh. Som Krishan Sharma, Proof Reader 4. Sh. Bhagat Ram Sharma, Proof Reader
LiST OF TABLES
Table Title Pap' Number Number
I. 1 Temperature 3
I. 2 Rainfall and Number of Rainy Days j 1. 3 Total Rainfall add Number of Rainy Days Monthwise for the Year 1987 3 n, 1 Present Price of Land in Different Localities II. 2 Table Showing Price orLand ll. 3 Table Showing Price of Land in Civil Station, Coiirt, Area, Hospital Complex to Octroi Post 1901 II. 4 Trends of Population Growth Since 9
III. 1 Offices in the Town • .. 11·12 HI. 2 Income and Expenditure ofM unicipal '1' Committee. for the Years 1983-84 and 1984:85 (2 Particulars of Conservancy Staff of Different Categories. I III. 3 13 III. 4 "Number of_C_Q!!.._nections, Rateper Unit, Volume of Consumption, Charges Due and Charges Realised 14 lIT. 5 Sale of Postal Stationery in the Town as on 31-12-1986 i6 Fire Brigade Services During 1986 TIL 6 17 In~7 Schools 19 Incidenec ofDiseaseflreated in Medical Institutions during 1986 (Allopathic) III. 8 20 Incidence oJ'Diseases Treated in Medical Instjtutions During 1986 (Ayurvedic) lIT. 9 ·21 Incidence of Diseases Among Different Animals Treated during the year 1986 m: 10 21
Classificatipn of Workers and Non-Workers by Main Activity by Age and Sex 1971 & 1981 Census IV. 1 22 Distribution of Workers!Non-Workers by Age and Sex 'IV. 2 23 LocaJity.wise"Population and Number of Workers . IV. 3 2:3 Workers and Non-Workers 9Y Age and Sex-Dharmkot and Naddi IV. 4 24 Workers and Non-Workers by Ag<: and Sex-Forsythganj)lOd B)lagsunag IV. 5 24 IV. 6 Workers and Non-Workers by Age andSex-Mc1eodganj and Gamroo.village area 24 Workers and Non-Workers by Age and Sex-Sangam Park Area . IV. 7 25 IV. 8 Workersand Non-Workers by Age and Sex-Khaianchi Mahalia and Chander Marg Area 25 IV. 9 Workers and Non-Workers by Age and Sex-K otwali East 25 IV., 10 Workers a!ld N on-Workers by Age and Sex-KotwalL West 25 lV.11 WorJcers and Non-Workers by Ag~ and Sex-Arya Samaj Mandir & Gurdwara Road
IV. 12 Workers and Non-Workers by Age and Sex-Chilgari Area 26 Wprkers and! Non-Workers by Age and ~ex-KaChehri Area IV. 13 26 IV. 14 Workers and Non-Workers by Age and Sex-Depot Bazar 26 Workers and Non-Workers by Age and Sex-Civil lines Area . IV. 15 21 Workers and Non-Workers by Age and Sex-Shaheed SmarkArea lV. 16 21
(,~) LIST OF TABLES-e.,lItd.
Table Titlt> Paae Number Number
IV. 17 Scheduled.CastePopulation C1assified.b),Workers and Non-Workers 28
IV. 1St Distribution of Households by Employment Depth (i.e. Number of Workers in the Household) '2fJ
IV. 19 Locality, Number of Households with Unemployed and Persons Seeking Employment by Age and Sel( 3(}'31
IV. 20 Persons Seeking Employment by Religion and Duration of Stay in the Town by Sex . 32.
IV. 21 Persons Seeking Employment by Caste/TribefCommunity and Duration of Stay in the Town 32-33,
IV. 22 Persons Seeking En1p!oyment by State of Origin, Sex and Duratioh ofStay in the Town 33
IV. 23 Persons Seeking Employment by Sex, Place of Last Residence and Duration of Stay in the T.own 34~
IV. 24 Distribution of Households bv Unemployment Depth (Number of Unem~loyed in the Household) 35 lV.25 Households in Possessicw.of Agricultural or£ortict1l~ural Land inside or Aojoininp this ToWn 3r
IV. 26 Crops Production, Co~sumplion and Marketing by Locality 38'
IV. 27 Important Tools and Equipment for Agricultural/Horticultural as Related to Educational Level of Head of House- hold and Size of Holding...... " 39'
IV: 28 Households Cultivating and Not cultivating Land by Tenure status and Household Size 40
IV. 29 Households Cultivating Rented Land, Members of Households and Cultivators Among Them by Tenancy 40
IV. 30 Practice of Animal Husbandry by Religion, Caste[fribe/Community - 4.l lV. 31 Distribution of Households by Type of Households and Type of Occupation of Head of Household 43-46- v" -r Distribution of Households and Population by Religion (Census Data) 4T V. 2 Households and Population by Religion{Surveys Data) . 43-' V. 3 Households and Household Population by Language mainly spoken in the Household Specified in Schedule Vrrlar' the Constitution ofIndia 48'
V.4 Households and Household Population by Language Mainly Spoken in the Household other than Those Specified in Schedule VIII ofthe£6nStitution ofIt'ldia . .- • • ...... ' 491 V. 5 Distribution of Population of Scheduled Castes According to Individual Caste 49' 'Y. 6 Distribution of Population by Age, Sex and Marital Status Sf v.. 7 Age Specific Sex Ratio of Population by Age, Sex 5 I
¥. 8 Age at ~arriage as Related to Sex and Pre!rent Age ,. 5Zi V.9 Age at Marriage as Related to CastefTri6'e/Comtnunity 53-54!
V. 10 Average Age at Marriage as Related to Caste/TribetCommunityand time of Marriage 55- v..ll Number of Widow by Age of Becoming Widow and Caste/Tribe/Community S6(
V.12 Widowi:lr Remaniage Age at Becoming Widower and Caste/Tribe/Community 57' 'V. 13 Age at First Marriage as Related to Age at Effective-Marriage and Time of Marriage 57 V. 14 Di~tribution of Population by '1>. 15 Distribution of Localities by Average EducatiOnal SCOtO per head 59 V. 16 Age, Sex: and Study in Educational Institution by Religion 611 V.17 Nevtr Att~ndance and Discontinuation After Attendance by Age, Sex and Reason 61 (x) LIST OF TABLES-contd. Table Title Page, Number Nult).~r': ------VI. 1 Distribution of Households by Number of Members, Migration Status and Place of Birth of Head of Household 62 VI. 2 .Distribution ofHouseholds by Number of Members, Migration Status and Place of Last Residence of Head of Household 63-64 VI. 3 Distribution of Households by Number of Members, Migration Status of Head of Households and Duration of Stay of Any Member ofthe HousehoJd who has Stayed the LongestintheReferentTown ' 65 VI. 04- Distribution of Workers by Employment Status and MiGration 67 VI. 5 Characteristics of Place of Origin of Migration and B road Category of the Place 69·10 VI. 6 Characteristics of Places of Successive Migration in Two Stages by Time of Migration to Referent Town 71 VI. 7 Characteristics of Places of Successive Migralion in Two Stages by Reason of Migration 71 VI. 8 Characteristics of Places of Succes~ive Migration in Three Stages by time of Migration to Referent Town VI. 9 Character istics of Places of Succes~ive Migration at Three~tages by Reason of Migration 73 VI. 10 Characterstics of Places of Successive Migration in four stages by Time of Migration to Referent Town VI. II Number of Households Getting Benefit from the Property Left at the Place of Migration by Distance of Place of Migra tion and Duration of Stay in Present Residenc~ 7l VI. 22 Close Relation at Place from where Migrated by Broad Category of Places and Duration of Stay in Present Residence. 76-7~ YI.13 P..r.9blems Faced During or after Migration by Placefrom where the Household Hails 7~ VIII. 1 Distribution of Head of Households by Number ot Members and age of Head of Household VITI. 2 Distribution of Households by Natme of Relation of Members to Head of Household and Migration Status of Head of Household $5-8~ VIlI. 3 Households Whose Close Family Members are Staying Outside by Religion and Caste/Tribe/Community and Place/ State of Belonging of Head of Household. . . • ...... VIII. 4 Particulars of Family Members Staying Outside by A!6e and Relations to Head of Household IX. 1 Ward-wise Number of Census Houses, Households Population and Average Number of Persons per Census House. 9: IX. 2 Relation of Selected Houses/Selected Households with Adjoning Households in Space by Locality lX.3 Distribution of Houses by predominant Materials of FloOf, Wall, Roof and Ceiling by Locality IX. 4 Households Classified by Number of Members, Number of Rooms Occupied and Locality IX. 5 Distribution oflHouseholds by Number of Rooms and Average Number of Persons Occupying Each Room 9: IX. 6 Households Classified by Locality and per capita Floor Space . IX. 7 Households and Population by Availability of Electricity and Toilet Facilities and Tenure Status of Houses Occupied 9' IX. 8 Households by Source(s) of Drinking Water 9' IX. 9 Households Classified by Locality, Duration of Stay in the Present Residence and Tenural Status IX. 10 Material of Utensils Used for Cooking! Serving by Number of Households 10( IX. 11 Presence of Luxury and Costly Goods by Locality . 10J IX. 12 Presence of LUXurY and Costly Goods by Educational Level of Head of HousehOld 102 XI. 1 (A) Lok Sabha Seat 1984 Voting Behaviour in Dharmsala Town • 105 XI. 1 (B) VidhanSabhaSeat-1985VotingBehaviourinDharmsalaTown 106 XI. l VotingBehaviourinDharmsala Tuwo-Municipality Election 106-10, XI. :; List of FiveMostRespectfulPersonsof DharmsalaTowo 105 (xi) LiST OF TABLES-CQnCJd. Tabl. Title Page Number Number ~. ~ Scores and Ranks of Five Most Respectful Persons 110 .' . . . xu. 1 Newspapers. Jou~als and Periodicals by Type in Circulation 114 XlI.:? Knowledge about Family Palnning Measures as Related to Education, Religion and Caste/Tribe of Informant 117-120 XlI. 3 Practice of Family Planning Measures by Religion. Caste/Tribe, Age and Sex of Informant . 121-122 XU. " Attitude of Spouse Towards the Practice of Family Planning Measures by Religion, Castel Tribe and Education of Spouse 123-124 XU. 5 Particulars of Criminal Cases Filed in Courts as on 31-12-1986 . 124 XIl.6 Knowledge of Indian Social Legislation as Related to Occupation and Education (If the Informant . 125.126 xm. J Travel Index of the Residents of the Town by Locality 128 XIII. 2 Travel Index by Caste/Tribe/Communitj' of the Residents of Town 129 XIII. 3 Travel Index by Occupational Category of the Head of the Household 13Q-131 XIII. 4 Visit to Rural Areas by Members of the HOllseholds Classified by Locality of the Household, Distane of Places visited and ~rpose 132 XlII. 5 Educational and Health Institutions in the Neighbouring Villages 133 XIII. 6 Cenlres of Marketing, Transport and Communications in tile Neighbou~ing Villages 13.; xm.7 Land use Pattern 134 XIII. a Population Characteristics with Reference to distance from Urban Centre of the Neighbouring Villages 135 (xii) tlST all' APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table Title l'aae Number Number The Routes Originating from Dharmsala, Their Timin g"> and the :Agency Operating on -each Route Relating to Kangra District 139-143 2 Multan-Dharrnsala Cantt. Bus Route '. 143 3 Kotla-Dharrnsala Bus Route . 143 4 Timings rrom Kangra Towards Jawalajce 144 5 Timings from Kangra Towards Pathankot Side 145 6 Timings from Kangra Towards Baijnath 145 7 Age-Sex Distribution of Workers and Non-Workers by Migration Status with Reference to Place of Last Restdence. 1~-J49 II Workers and Non-Worken by Mother Tongue, Sex and Educational Level 150-ISI 9 13rnploymentStl!!us of Workers by Locality and Sex lS~-l S3 10 Employment Status of Workers by Caste/Tribe/Community and Sex 154-155 II Type of Occupation and distance from Place of Work by Locality 156-157 12 Type of Occupation, f\lode of Transport to Place of Work and Time Taken to Reach . 158-159 1J Type ofOccupatioll and Employment Status of WorKers by Sex and Nature of Establillhment 160-167 14 Number of Non-Workers Seeking Emp10Y1l1ent by Broad Age-group, Sex and Nature of Activity 1()8.1 69 15 Number of Persom Seeking Employment for tbe First Time by Age, Sex and Educational Level 168.169 16 NumOOrofPersons Seeking Employment for the First Time by Sex, Educational Levels Type of Employment Soupt. 110 17 Number of Persons Seeking Employment by Age, Sex, Educational Level and Registration with EmploymcfJt Ex.cbanac 171 18 Number of Persons Seeking Employment by Educational Level, Sex and Marital Status J72 19 Eating Houses (with Lodging Facilities) Tea Stalls, Sweet Meat Shops . 173 20 Toddy, Arrack, Alcohol (Le.liquoretc.) Shops and Establishments 174 21 Trade and Commerce '. -...... 174.176 22 Factories and Industrial Establishments ofJ:!ifTerent size J 77 23 Manpower Engaged in Agricultural Operations by Locality and Size of Holdings 178-181 24 Particulars of the Banks 182-183 2S Distribution of Housebolds and Population by Locality, Religion and Sex 182-183 26 Knowledge of Subsidiary Language and Average Educational Score • 184-185 27 Mother Tongue and Subsidiary Languages of Members of Households as Related to Duration of Stay i~ Present lteiideaco. 186-187 (iiii) LIsT OF APPENDIX TABLltS-Contd. Appendix Table Title PabC Number Number '-38 -Mother-Tongue and-Subsidiary-Languages as-Related to -Age aftd-Sex 188-189 .. ~~''J~ <39 Distribution ofScheduled Castes Population by Age, Sex and Educational Level 30 Ed~ca.tio.nal I,-evel Among Scheduled Castes (Caste-wise) 192-195 31 Educational Level Among Scheduled Tribes (T-ribe-wise) 196-197 32 Distribution of Households and Population by Locality, Caste/Tribe/Community and Sex 198-.201 33 Dis~ribution of Households by Caste/Tribe/ Community and AverageEducational Score 202 34 Distribution of Households by Type and Average Educational Score 203-204 ~5 Distribution of Households by Occupational Category of Head of Household and Average Educational Score 2(15-207 36 Age at- Marriage as Related to Educational Level 208-209 H 37 Average Age at Marriage as Rela!ed to Educational Level and Time of Marriage . 210 38 Age, Sex and Study in Educational Institution by Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Others 211-215 39 Age, Sex and Study in Educational Institution by Migration Status as Determined by Place of Birth 216-224 40 Distribution of Population by Broad Age Group, Sex, Caste/Tribe/Community and Educational Level 225-229 41 Distribution of Students by Educational Level and Occupation Category of Head of Households . 230-231 42 Household Defaulting in Enrolling School going Children by Caste/Tribe/Community cf Head of Housahold 232-233 43 Distribution of Households by Migration Status and Place of Birth of Head of Household and Composition by Age i, and Sex . '."...... • 234 .~:, ~lace of Last Residence of Members',?f ,Households asreJated to Place of~irth 235 '45 Ed.~lbYme£l!Stat~~ of MigrantWorkers ~ . 236-239 .'il6 :Wgi-iitroru.stages'nf ,1Iou~ehoki Haifi!J,&from Outside 240-241 A1 Broad Categories ,:)fPlaces from.'wiiere'the Households.Haii's,-Time and Reason for Migration 2427249 48 Characteristics of Places of Successive Migration in Two:Stages bY.Durationof Stay at Each,l'lace 250;251 ~49 Property at the Places fr.om Where' Migrated by the Place,Distance and Duration of Stay 252-253 .50 • Arrangement for Supervision.and Management of Property by Qistance of Place of Migration.and Duration of,Stay in the Present Residence...... 254-255 51 Unit of Migration a~ related to Place of Last Residence, Religion and Caste/Tribe /Community . 256-263 52 Help Received from Various Sources by Religion and Caste/Tribe/Community and Slate/District from which Household Hails 264-2(;7 .53 , Distribution of Members Classified by Age, S~.and Relationshjp to lJead o(~ousehold where the Head is Male 268-269 54 -. Distribution of Members Classified by Age, Sex and Relationship,to Head of Household where the Head is Female 268-269 55 :Q.i$,ttiQution of·,Hous~bolds ~y Casten::ribe/Colllmunity.of Heaq of Household and Type of Household 270-273 (.xiv) LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES-contd. ippendix Table Title Page Number Number ------ 56 Households whose Family Memhus are Staying Outside by Religion and Caste/Tribe/Community and Distance 274-275 57 Persons Staying Outsidevy Occupation of Head of Households and Nature of Relation with Head of Household 276-279 58 Family Members Staying Outside who arc Related to Head of Household . 280-281 59 NOll-Workers-Family Members.\\'ho are Steying outside by Nature.of Activity and Relationship to Head of Household 280-281 60 Family Members Staying Outside by Nature of Occupation and Relationship "ith Head of Household . 282-283 61 Remittances sent by Household~ to Absentee Family Members Classified by Relationship to Head of Household and Present Address 284-285 62 Remittances sent by Household, to Absentee Non-Working Family Members Classified by Nature of Activity and Relationship with Head of Household 284-285 63 Households Classified by Number of Married Couple~ with and \\ithout Other Members aged 5 and above and Number of Rooms Occupied by Them 286-287 64 Light and Fuel by Locality and Migration Statu~ of Households 288-289 65 Availability of Amenities by Locality 290-291 66 Existence of Furniture in the Households by Locality and Duration of Stay at the Present Residence 292-293 67 Material of which Utensils arc made by Locality and State and District to which the Household Belongs 294-291 68 Material of which Utensils are made Classified by Religion and Castej1 ribe/Community and Migration Status of the Houscholo.s 298-301 69 Presence of Luxury and Costly goods by Loca lity Religion and Caste/Tribe/ Community 302-307 70 Prcseneeof Luxury and Costly Good~byLocaIityandoceupationof Headof Household 308-317 71 Particulars of Five Most Respected Persons in the Neighbourhood 318-321 72 Particulars of Five Most Resp:!ctable Persons in the Town 322-323 73 Particulars of Cinema Halls 324 74 Parks and Play Grollnos 324 75 Particulars About Clubs 325 76 Leisure Time Activity of Workers by Locality. Age and Sex of the Respondents 326-329 77 Leisure Time Activity as Related to Occupation, Age and Sex of the Respondents 330-333 78 Places of worship (Temples) 334-335 79 Particulars About Church and GurQwara 33,.337 80 Practice of Family Planning Measures by Religion, Caste/Tribe and Education and Sex 338 81 Practice of Family Planning Measures by Religion, Caste/Tribe and Industrial Category and Sex 339 82 Practice of Family Planning Measures as Related to Religion and Caste/Tribe, Age and Education of Adoptee 340-343 (xv) ~2-L/S120DCOHP-2 LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES-concld. ~p~Q)l<;lix Table Title plge Number Number 83 Particula rs About Jail as on 31-12-1986 . 344 84 Knowledge of Indian Social Legi~lation as Related tu ReligionfCaste/TribefCommunity and Education of Informant 345 85 Frequency of Being Visited by Friends, Relatives and Other Persons by Locality, Household and Distance of Place from Where Visited. • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . 346-349 86 Frequency of Visit to Rural Areas by Members According to Migration Status of Head of Household and Categories of Places Visited • • 350-353 87 Visit to Rural Areas by Members According to Migration Status of Head of Household and Categories of Places Visited and Purpose . 354-357 (xvi) MAPS AND DIAGRAMS ,2.L/S120DCOHP-2(a) T I HIMACHA~ PRADESH ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS N 0 1981 ~ .;-.'/''1..._/7. of / I . '. \ '\. Boundariu; J t(llA~ \ \ InternatIonal . ~ r';-" (PANGI) ,. S Ll M State - 33" "'. ." ) "'-. n f\ O'lstric\ .r-''v/ : (' \ '-.._. ./.,< \ / TahsIl1 Sub-Tahsil Km 20 10 0 20 40Km ~" .... T~A ('~'V ...... / .' '-.r, \ \. . (CHAURAH) \ • ,', SALU~I ...' ,...... ri I l ...... UOAIPUR .) 'I '"', /,1'.1 J' r\ le. HAM 8, A\... "' '.J' ('A' -,..\ . ~. -, (" @ , '''\... @KvELANG '.,., .r CHAMBA I .....: ...., (LAHUL) /\. CHl)ARIIo Boud upon Survey of India mop with the p,rmiulon of the Sutvcyor Gln,rol Of Inelio. @Gov.rnm.nt Of IndIa Copyright .1992 DHARMSALA MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE LOCATION OF WARDS (NOT TO SCALE) 'MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE, BOUNO~RV .. _'._ WAR 0 BOUNDARY ... WARD NO. x ROAD KHAD DHARMSALA MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE URBAN LAND USE (NOT TO SCALE) MUNICIPAL COMMITTEe: BOUNDARY WARD BOUNDARY ..• WARD NO •.••••.•...••• , W-II ROAD KHAD ••••••••• : ••••••••••••••••• ~ _ BUSINESS AREA .. INOUSTRIAL AREA D PUBLIC SERVICE ~REA _ EDUCATIONAL AREA RESIDENTIAL AREA RECREATIONAL AREA ADMINISTRATIVE' AREA MISCELLANEOUS USE AREA OPEN SPACE/ARABLE LAND 'TIBETIAN HOSPITAL 2 SWARG ASHRAM 3 8HAGSU NATH TEMPLE 4 '·BETIAN CARPET CENTREt 5 BUDDHA TEMPLE 6 DALAI LAMA PALACE ., DALAI LAMA LIBRARY 8 DllAK HospnAL 9 DALAI LAMA SECRETA.RIAl 10 OAL AI LAMA PRESS 11 H P P W 0 REST HOUSE '2 CINEMA HAll 13 H P P WORE 51 HOUSE ll, BUS STAND IS CLUB 16 GURDWARA 17 NEHRU PARK 18. CIVIL HOSPIT AL 19 RANGE OFFICE 200 C OFFICE 21, P DLIC ELINE 22 GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE 23 GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL 24 BASIC TRAINING SCHOOL e BANK PO POST OFFICE YEARLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE 30 ~ 25 J~ ------u 0 " ~ V z 20 w 0:: ::> I- 15 0 0 ~ N ("'") Ln cD cO co co co co co 0'> 0'> ~ ~ y E A R S MAXIMUM MINIMUM. ..---- .... ~- DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR THE YEAR 19B4. YEARLY AVERAGE RAINFALL 3S 30 ,',',', , , , , ,',',', ' , , , , , ,',',', , , , , CJ) , , , , ,',',',, , , ,'I',',, , , w ' , , , , , , I , , , 25 ' ,I ,, ,, , , 0:: , , ,, , I- ' I , , " , ,',, ", , LLI ,',',', , , , ~ ,'1',', ' , " " ',' _.J ,',',', , , , " 1',',',, , , '" _.J ,', 20 ' , , , ,',',', ' , , ' " 2 , , , , ,',',', " , " " 0 ,',',', ' , " ,',' 0 ,',',', , , , ' ," , ,:,:,', , , , ,', , " , ,1,',:, .. I I I' , , , I I',', , Z , , " ,I ,I ,I , , , " " ,',' 15 ' ,, , , , , , , , , , ,',',',, , , -' , , , , , , , ,',',', , , , ' " , , , , , I , ',' , , ',' ..J , , , I I ' I ,, , , I N"I, , , I 1'1', , « ,',', , I , , , I , , , ' , , LL.. , , 1',',', z , ' , I , , I ,',',',' , , , - ,',',',, , I , , , ,',',', 15 14 13 12 0 11 0 0 10 z 9 z 8 0 I- 7 ------.::_:____ 0 Q.. 5 50 «I- 0 -l 4 40 :::J a. a. 0 3 30 Q.. Z 2 20 z 0 10 I- 1.0 r- eo en O'l l- V .. 10 z E A R S w u -20 0:: w Q.. -30 WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS 1986-87 1 218 M 24.55 % WORKERS ITIIJ] ~ NON- W,ORKERS M ..... MALE "f .... FEMALE ,____------"""'"""".-.::._:"-"::...'- EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF WORKERS 1986-87 70 (LOCALITY WISE) 60 so If) 0: 40 UJ x: cr o 30 3: 20 10 0 -I- -I- 1-- ·ID ""'0 ~~ i: EMPLOVERS [ill ~ EMPLOVEES SINGLE WORKERS • FAMILY WORKERS D CULTIVATORS WORKERS BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS 1986-87 240 220 180 160 I/) 100 z 0 I/) 80 a: IJ.J 60 (l. 40 - 20 0 ~ 0:: W W 0:: >- 0:: 0:: W W .....J W ~ W 0 >- >- L) ~ :L ~ t- o 0 Z 0:: MALE ~ UIIDJ FEMALE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE-GROUPS 1 SEX AND MARITAL STATUS 1986-87 AGE GROUPS MAL E 120 100 80 60 40 20 a a 20 40 60 eo 100 120 PER SON S NEVER MARRIED ~ § MARRIED Gill WIDOWED ( POPULATION BY' LITERACY AND SEX _ 1986 -87 .~ F L ••IYr~ M 45.71°/., F 40.22% f- "- IT / -.-~---' - - - _. - .. LITERATES. ~ ILLITERATES .. r./~, ' 1- ~- -~ ";.~-., - " .. " ~ .. _,' /' M ...... MALE F .••.... " FEMALE \ ... ~::_. - __ -' .. ' ~ ;' ----_. _____ DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY RELIGION 1986-87 150 (LO CALITY WISE) 12S z 100 o I « 75 :J Cl.. o Cl.. 50 l5 o 1--- .....,I..!) -I-- -I- ....., HINDUS ~ [[]. SIKHS ,BUDDHISTS • MUSLIMS MIGRATION STATUS BY PLACE OF BIRTH 1986- 87 100 90 (/) o 80 o ::c 70 w (/) ::J o 60 ::c lJ.. o 50 n: w 30 !l) ~ ::> z 20 10 0 WZwt- w m I-..,J « a:r a: :2: t- Z _J « r3';: r~ I- « (f1« z «(f1 W 4. « :::;; -, Wo.!) I-W :::.: ~ 1-01-0: 4. « oJ t- o.. 0: I- Z 1-0 I :.::: (f1 W ~z >- (f1 I- zt-zt- (j) ::J 0:: Z ::J _ -(f1 W ::J« 4. iii ".: m I- 0.. oJ « 0: I Z ".: « I- 1-0 :r: 0.. a.. J: oil ~ :;: t: :;: ::J ::E ::E ....,« BORN IN BORN IN OTHER BORN IN OTHER HIMACHAL STATES COUNTRIES PRADESH RURAL ~ ITIIIIJ URBAN H«I UNClASSIFIED MIGRATION STATUS BY PLACE OF LAST RESIDENCE 1986-87 70 ~ If) 60- o o 50- I w If) ~. :J 40- o I u.. 30- 0 a:: ~ w Cl) 20- L :J ." . z 10- 0- :I: :I: a:: I- t-...J ID a: « a:::I:«:I: <{ «:I: z « z t- ...J « a:: <{ CIl<{ <{ « ::.:: «CIla:CIl >-tf) ...J <{ LlJ « ...J :::E ....., z a: « ID <{ LlJ a: w~ :I: « t- LlJ :I: LlJ '"t- :I:LlJ :I: « t- ID 0.. :I: <{ « :::E ~ 0 ~z z t- 1-000 >- :I: 00 t- a: (j) LLJ CIl ....., :;) ro « I- <{ LlJ :;)«z« a: ,,') «« (j) LLJ >:: Z Ci « ::l 0.. z <{a: <{ <{ N Z >:: ID a: <{ :::Ea: >:: <{ I.!) a: 0.. 0.. :I: a: 0...... , <{ <{ <{ 0.. :I: d$ x: 0<;( (.) ::x: a: ::> <{ :::E ::::E :::E <{..., LAS T RESIDENCE IN LAST RESIDENCE IN LAST RESIDENCE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH STAT E S I U. T. s OTHER COUNTRIES RURAL OJIIJJ 1<=/.:::1 URBAN ~ UNCLASSIFIED HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF MEMBERS 1986-87 70 Jl 0 60 _J 0 :r:: 50 .. LU l/) ::::> 0 40 I LL 30 0 a:: UJ 20 co ~ :::> z 10 o ~D 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-12 13+ NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN EACH HOUSEHOLDS AGE OF THE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 20 29 r::.:7l ~ 30 - 39 - 'L_2j~ 40 - 49 ITJIJI] ~ 50 - 59 c===J 60 AND ABOV~ HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS 1986-87 85 356 80 70 CJ) 0 ...J 60 0 :::c w 50 (j) ::::> 0 :r. 40 LL 0 30 0:: LLl m ~ 20 129 ::::> z 56 10 55 39 20 o ~ ~ 2 3 4 I5 6 7 8 9 N U M B _E R o F ROO M S NUMBER OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH DIFFERENT ROOM ACCOMMODATION IS IN.OICATE 0 AT THE TOP O~ EACH RESPECTIVE BAR CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I,QCatioll facilitil!s to their c_bildren. The area is now hummirlg up with activity which was once a sleepy place shelter Against a background of snow capped mountal~s ijlg wild animals. of Dhauladhar range, Dharmsala, the largest town In population size, in the dlstrict of Kangra IS situated at Bhagsunag springs, Dal lake and other picnic spots an altitude of 1385-1845 mis. on the spur of lhe are the main tourist attractions. Dharmsala is also a mountain range. It is a beautiful hill resort about convenient point for trips to Kangra valley, Jawala 18 Kms. north east of Kangra town. Dharmsala j~ the J"'lUkhi, Palampur, Baijnath, Chintpurni, Chamunda district headquarters of Kangra district an~ i~ stret.ch~d Devi and many other places of interest. over an area of 10.63 Sq. Kms. Its mUnIclpal hmits extend to villages Dhannkot, Naddi and Seri which Total Population or tbe Town are at a distance of over 20 Kms. from the main core of the town i.e., Kotwali Bazar. According tl' 1991 Census, the population (pro visio?al) of Dharm~ala town was 17,320 persons, Imllor~ant Characteristics lookmg at the preVIOUS figures, the population of the town was 6,971 persons in 1901 and there was a slight Dharmsala is known for its beautiful location amidst decrease in 1911 when the popUlation was recorded the thick forests and also because of nearness of the 6,923 persOl~s. There was steep fall in population in snow line. It is a Divisional Headquarter comprising 1921 when It was recorded as 4,904 persons. Sil}ce Chamba, Kangra and Una districts. It is most con then, an upward trend has been noticed in popUlation veniently approachable by road from ~he adjoining growth. State of Punjab fr0111 Patlmnkot, HoshIarpu~, Ropar and the Union 1.'erritory of Chandigarh. D~l lake Topography and Physical Euvironment which is situated at a beautiful point near Forsythganj is the starting point for excursions. Dharmsala town The land scape of the town serves as a gateway is conveniently divided into three main parts, lower through the gt.:ntle slopes from three directions COll Dharmsala, comprising the administrative area wit-h nected by road via Kangra, Y 01 and Palampur and Courts and other important district offices like Supe Shahpur. These slopes abruptly ascend in altitude from -rintendent of Police Office, Zonal Offices of Chief the foots of the Municipal limits and topography is Engineer, Public Works Department, Executive Engi spread over in ascending order in a stretchy character neer Electricity Board, Chairman of Board of School along 't~e zig-zag road right up to Bhagsunag. In the Education (Himachal Pradesh), District and Sessions upper ndges of the town, there are villages viz., Judge, Additional Director of Horticulture, Police Lines Dharmkot, Naddi, Seri and Gamroo which are not and District Hospital Complex etc. The central Dharm connected by motorable road which are still having sala is the main business centre of the town. It has a more rural characteristics. market place known as Kotwali Bazar with many Topographically, the town can be divided into three hotels, restaurants, municipal office, the Dha.uladhar categories-lower Dharmsala, upper Dharmsala and tourist complex, important banks and the bUSIest bus uppe~m~st Dharmsilla. The lower .J?har!TIsala comprises stand. On the upper ridges there is a military canton the dIstnct headquarters and the CIvil hnes area where, ment area, places like Mcleodganj, Forsythganj and most of the offices are located. Upper Dharmsala is the residence of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the the core cluster of the town where, there is a concen Tibetan Secretariat (Govt. working in exile) and the tration of trade and commerce activities known as Kot famous Tibetan Library. As would appear from the wali Bazar. Ir_npo_rtant public places like hotels, banks, above mimes these places be:;tr witness to its his~ory restaurants, ClrcUlt house and residences of Divisional particularly of the British period. Dharmsala has nsen Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner. The Kot to inter-national repute since 1960 when His Holiness waH Bazar of upper Dharmsala is the main centre of the Dalai Lama made it the temporary headquarters of activity for locals and the tourists and the location his government in exile. It has become a place of pilgri of this part of the town serves as a common meetincr mage for Buddhist devotees who visit this town fre p~~c~. In fact, Kotwali Bazar is the traffic paSIl fo~ quently not only from within the country but from vlsItmg Cantonment and Mcleodganj areas. The topo abfClad also. No wonder it is now called "the Little graphy of the town has undergone a visible change Lhasa in Indi~". The cold climate and favourable after the influx of Tibetan refugees who have set up surroundings of this 'picturesque hill resort has contri a Tibetan Children Village between Dal lake and buted towards the creation of a congenial environment Forsythganj and a number of multi ·storeyed resi to the Tibetans'who have sought refuge in India. Most dential and institutional buildings in and around of these refugees are inhabiting the Mcleodganj area Mcleodganj. A new Buddhis.t temple has been b~ilt in and· a Tibetan Ch~ldren Village has also been esta front of the offi_cial residence of His Holiness the blished which provides residential and educational Dalai Lama. The -area between Mcleodganj BazU! ~nd the Circuit house is humming-up with Tibetan Secre Pliysical Environment tariat (government in exile) and a well stocked Tibetan Library and Hospital. More and more Tibetan housing ,!he physical environment ot the town is healthy. colonies are comingup in this area. It 1S su~rounded by.beautiful villages viz., Shamnagar and Ramnagar having flat fields and scattered haoita Important Public Places tions. There is a very big Tea Estate as one enters the town from Shahpur sid.e. Just close to the Tea Estate Tushita Retreat Centre-It is an important centre there is a beautiful temple of Goddess known as Kunal of. International BUddhist Organisation devoted to pre Pathri. There are other beautiful temples such as serve.th~ M.ah~yana T~adition. Tushita exud~s a strange Bhagsunag and Dal lake, Chamunda Devi temple and Y sanctity. It IS sItuated Just above Mcleodgan]. For those Bazrangbali temple. On the Dharmsala- 01 road there who are spiritually inclined, it is an ideal place for is a beautiful Ashram known as Chinmaya set~up by meditation and retreat. Tushita provides occassional the Chinmaya Mission. lecture courses on Buddhism. There are many tibetan Flora and Fauna monks, lamas and yogis who have oeen meditating for long in the surroundings and their presence is a source The beauty of th!! town is mostly attributed to the of inspiration for this centre. green vegetation which exists here. There are rich majestically tall and thick groves of Deodar - (cedru~ Tibetan Institute of Ped'orming Arts deodara) the famous timber used in construction of buildings .. It gives a be~utiful cover to the hill slopes. It is situated at a distance of 1 Km. from Mcleod Another Important vanety of forests are Chir trees ganj and was established in 1959. Tibetan Institute of (Pinus longifolia). These trees are known for their Performing Arts i_§ the home of Lhamo: National cones and a particular type of fragrance effacacious Folk _Opera. It preserves a number of other musical, for healing tuberculosis. Fluid of the tree is extracted dance and theatrical traditions of Tibet. To balance which after treatment and processing takes the ·fo~ the might of tradition in its repertoire, it has a modern of Turpentine oiL 'Ban' (Querous Incana) is yet im Theatr~ Troup which puts on contemporary plays. It portant variety of flor~ wild growth in abundance. Its maintains its own costume making, mask m~king, wood is used as fuel and leaves are lopped for fodder. instrument making and carpet weaving sections. Apart fro_!l1 this, there is wide spread growth of bushes TIPA trains instructors who sent out to tea«h at and thorny plants, the leaves of which are used as schools and settlem~nts. Regular courses are held and fodder for goats and sheep and the cuttings are used degrees awarded. TIPA also runs a school where, for fencing/security enclosures. The village people special blend of modern academic and traditional mostly use these for fuel purposes. Under the promo Tibetan education is provided and children are trained tion of social forestry, plantation of 'Safeda' (Eucalyp in music, dance and acting from an early age. tus). by the Forest department is becoming popular. FrUIt trees, though not observed in the form of horti Library of Tibetan W OJ'ks and Archives cultural patter_n, have been fairly domesticated in the lower Dhannsala zone which include orange, mango Located in the same area as Central Tibetan Secre lichi, plum, apricot and pears. Lemon and Galgai tariat, the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives are the most common citrus grown in Shamnagar and was established in 1971 as a repository for ancient Ramnagar areas. Magnificent Pipal (Ficus religiosa) cultural objects, books and manu~cripts of Tibet. trees are found in important public places which pro vide shade and shelter to the passersby. Tea gardens The library has departments: research and trans are also an important feature of the town. lation, publication, ot:al history and film documentation reference (reading room), museum, Tibetan studies, The important species of Fauna are bear ill the Tibetan manuscripts and school for 'thangka' painting uppermost ranges, panthers, jackals, wHd goats, pigs, and wood carving. . monkeys, langoors and wild cats. Among the birds, the common spe_s:ies are Cjnnamon tree sparrow, The library has a team of Tibetan Scholars who are Bulbul, Pigeon, Partridge, Parrot, Cuckoo etc. Both engaged in research, translation, instruction and the wild and domesticated bees are also found. Reptiles are publicatioll of books. also seen commonly in summer and rainy season. Among the domesticated animals mention may be Since its foundation, the library has acquired a re made of cows, goats and sheep. Poultry birds are putation as an international centre for Tibetan studies. also kept by a few families. Thousands of scholars, research students of Tibetan Buddhism from over twenty different countries have Climate benefitted from this unique educational instItution. The library offers regular classes in Buddhist philoso Dharmsala is situated at a height of 1250 ~eters phy and Tibetan language; above the sea level. The town is surrounded on three sides by the snow capped mountains and is well Apart from its publications on diverse aspects of wooded by Chir, Deodar and Oak trees and its this great humanist culture, the library brings out re climate is moderately temperate. The spring and sum gular pUblications among which Tibet journal is pre mer seasons are very pleasant and attract. tourists from eIItinent. The library offers hostel facilities to its stu many parts of the country. The tourists also make dents, but reservation for accommodation- must be their visit -a" pilgrimage mission to Jawalaji, Chint made well in advance. - purni, Kangra, Chamunda and Bhagsunag temples. 2 The rainy season is duli due to heavy rainfall. The TABLE 1-3 average annual rainfall for 1979 was tec'orded Total Rain/all and Number of Rainy Days M ont/zwise lor ttl' *2944.1 (mm) which was the highest in the State and Year 1987 second in the country next ~mly to Chirapunjee. Summer: Max. 32.6°C Min. 22.2"C Winter; Max. 14.7°C Min. 6.5c C Month Total No. of Havicst rainfall rainfall rainy TABLE 1-1 (in milH- days metres) (Temperature in Co) Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 2 3' 4 Max. 26.7 22.7 25.4 27.0 N.A. 27.9 26.5 January 101.3 4 48.9 14th Jan. Min. 11.1 10.1 9.4 10.1 N.A. 10.1 9.2 February 65.7 4 39.0 25th Feb. SOURCE ; Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Himachal March 78.2 7 22.1 13th March- Pradesh. April 67.8 4 40.1 9th April After the rainy season, the weather is pleasant from mid September to mid November. Winter months are May 208.4 9 52.1 10th May chilly. The tourist influx during winter is considera~ly June 152.6 6 103.6 10th June low and the hill station gives a desertly look. DUrIng July winter the upper most parts of the town get a snow 225.2 10 79.8 25th July coating which gives a wonderful look to the town. August 673.3 21 161.7 24th August The lower parts of the town are someties covered September 158.8 10 38.6 9th Sept. with snow but it melts soon. October 101.0 6 33.9 19th Oct. Rainfall November }.9 1.9 1st Nov. By virtue of its situation in the lap of Dhauladhar December 8.4 6.4 12th Dec. ranges of snow, Dharmsala is known for its grip in the local rainfall throughout the year and weatlter plays Total 1842.6 82 hide and seek arleast -once or twice a week. Even slight rise in the te~perature. brings welcome showers SOURCE ; Regional Meteorological centre, New Delhi. during summer. It IS a localtsed phenomenon created by the high altitude ecologica! environments. When Communication with other Places the monsoon arrive, the Dhauladhar ranges act as the natural strike force against the monsoon winds Dharmsala town is linked with wellnit roads from causing heavy dowp.-pour in and around the Dharm all sides within Himachal and neighbouring states of sala town. On the meteorological map, Dharmsala Punjab, Haryana, U.P., U.T. Chandigarh and Delhi. ranks second in India to record the heaviesJ rainfall. Within the state, Dhannsala is linked with all district In winter, the rainfall is accompanied by sleet and headquarters by road. Main traffic load is borq.e by snow. The upper portion of the town records heavy Dharmsala-Pathankot road as this is the main route snowfall during winter and the Dhauladha~ ran&es for goods transport also. Being a hill s,tation and place covered with white thick coat of snow prOVide a PiC of tourist Interest, private vehicles from different parts turesque scene to the visitors and distant viewe~s. It of the northern India ply to and fro during tourist is perhaps the ble.§sing -of- heavy snow and ralOfa!! season. Tourists also engage charted buses to visit that abundant perennial water supply to the town IS Dharmsala and gro.!lps of pilgrims and devotees have ensured undisrupted which. is a unique feature rarely been observed going around Mcleodganj area, Bhagsu observed as compared to other hill stati~ns in t~e nag, Dal lake and Chinmaya religious place and country. This adds to the attraction ?f tounsts to thiS Chamunda Devi temple hl Charted Meta40rs, cars, station from all over the' country dunng summer. The taxis and even in trucks. The nearest railway station following table reveals annual rainfall for the Jast 5 is Kangra at a distance of 18 Kms. but the impact of years: traffic and goods trl!nsport by rail is negligible because TABLE 1-2 the rail link is only narrow gauge and the route is lengthy thus the time taken by rail is much more Rain/all cthd Number 0/ Rainy Days than by road. However, Pathankot at a distance of . Year Total rainfall No.ofl'ainy days about 85 Kms. is the main gateway to Himachal Pra ,(Millimetres) desh from Dharmsala to bear the brunt of traffic and goods. Government buses manned by Himachal Road 1 2 3 Transport Corporation, Punjab Roa4.ways, PEPSU 2732.6 110 Roadways, Haryana Roadways, Chandigar'h--TransfJort 1983 Undertaking, Delhi Transport Corpotation ply on 1984 1651. 3 75 101 diffeyent long routes. A fieet of buses owned by private ]985 3019.1 operators are also plying alongwith interwoven trans 2897.6 104 1986 port service rendered by HRTC to c~ver short range 1987 1842.6 82 distances. Road transport has been frurly extended to SoURCE: Directorate of Land Records, Himachal Pradesh. cover rural areas situated in the peripheral villages. *ToWD Directory H.P.-Part X-A 1981 Census (P. 18) To ~over short distances specially Dbarmsala-Kangra, Residential Pattern Dharmsala-Palampur, Dharmsala-Yol scooters and motor cycles are also used. To cope with the increas There is a distinct residential pa,ttern in the town ing traffic night bus services have also been introduc with reference- to nationality and religious groups, ed. The ~tate headquarters Shimla, Delhi, Haridwar Lower Dharmsala including civil lines is predominantly and other important stations of Punjab are also link dominated with Hindus with some pockets of the ed by these night services. Scheduled Castes' popUlation. In civil lines, there is a good number of practising lawyers and in other bharmsala town has been linked with all important areas government servants are residing alongwith petty stations in the state and other important cities in the shopkeepers along the road side, In upper Dharmsal.a country with tele~ommunication and. STD faciliti~s. which iucludes l"otwali Bazar, again there is dqmI Dharmsala is on its way to be on the alr map of IndJa. nance of Hindu population engaged in business, com On Morphology merce and trade. Gurdwara Road, which is an offset of Kotwali Bazar, there is a scattered popula tion of Sikhs who are mainly engaged in business. On The layout of the town is along with. zig-zag r~ad. The area comprising Lower DbarmSai GROWTH HISTORY OF THE TOWN About the myth and early htstory of Dharmsala havoc caused by hL carth~uake gave rise to town efforts wt:re made from the local elL1cr1y and rf'trl'l11 tbe 'd,"'! d ,d:,nrr n of th: summer capital knowledgeable persons but the only authentic docu at I hJ" ~)bcf' am.! i I';: V'.JlllC was fil1ully shifted to ment availabJe is in UnlU Script which has been ex Shhn!;1. Huwever 1, ;jr ti\hers h.,,, a pellchant for tract~d from the revenue recorll of Sadar K3TIlmgo of 11111 bC2uty ano ,hey :ii-zed to develop 'it as a hill Kangra district at Dharmsala, it makes a mention of stath.111 ~nJ plact.- "t h'!Ws1 inter;:"t Gradually, the loca early settlers and record of their rights. Furth;;:r his lities r,'- w luown :lS F'lfsyihganJ and Mcleodganj on tory of the town lS connected with the fan10us ~hagsu the upper ndgcs rf the tuwn were developed by the nag water spring WlllCh is situateu at the top oE the Brihshers. The C1 \'JJ population of the Iadian origin town. There is a inelltion III the HIstory inscribed at :11so moved 10 this station alongwj t h Britishers, which Bhagsunag temple that the foulltain springs of water incrt.-dsed t1w 1111110r"o .nce of thIS hm station and it were found by Raja Bhugsu who W"18 king of 'P~llty~S' obtalllCl thc urb~m sJ:lils 111 the year 1867 and Muni whose capital was Ajmer, 1JI the middle of D,l\vaper cipal Committee stanet ltll1ctJ(lning. During the. 1st era. Once it so happened tb,lt lh ~rc was d long spell Worl I W~'r. a Cantonment was set up here by the of drought in his kirgdom :1I1U the subjects experienced Britjshers which fmther C lhanced the importance of awful situation du,.;; to water fam,ne. They pcHlOned the town. Immedi~~c1y after the war, the soldiers of to the Raja to make arrang.:me 1s for supply of water Gorkha regiment wert.- rehabilitated there in recogni or they woula leavf' 11S Kingdum. ,)n hearing .hlS R"lja tIOn 0; the martial SCrVICf'S rendered by them during\ 1 gave them _~,ssuranc,- to arr~ng(. \V~'L' T anc muved rhe Welr which IS now a full fledged Gorkha colony on foot with lUi> mag~rce to 1h~ heIght of I 8,000 Known as Chilgari area. feet towards the snow mountal11 Lind reached a place known as- Nag la~l_, which wa:, unmeasurably deep. The district llcadqumters of Kangra district were Raja filled his 'Knmandioo (water container) and shifted to Dharm" 'Ja ar'..d district offices started func came back and had mght ha11 .,t Bhag~llnag the pre tioning at Dharmsalu III the year 1845. The first Deputy sent sight. Nag Devla findmg hi:, l:.tke dried up chased Commissioner of kmgra was Lieut. Edward Lake. He Bhags_u following his foot pri:!fs IT"1d tbere was a battle held the office from Januar), 1845 to 1847. During between Nag Devta and Bhagsu Juring WhICh the the Secund World War the tOWt1 experienced further Kamandloo full of 'water spilled. As a result of this expansion when prisoners of war of Italian nationality the Nag Jake filled-up again. Raja Bhagsu submitted were detained at Yol camp and Y 01 was also con~ before the Nag Devta and he b,\ggcd of Nag Devta verted into a Cantonment area, The town and the sur while dying that hiS n:.ll11e should remain 111 history and rounding <.lrca boosted up its economy when the slate there should_ be pl~nty of water 'n Ius kingdom. The mines at Bhagsunag and Khaniara were exploited on wish of Raja BhagsLo was fulfilled by Nag DCV18 and com.mercial scale for the supply of good qual\ty of the famous water spf:ng known as Bhagsunag IS ever roof1l1g sb!cs to other parts of the state and country. flowing since then which cafer:;, to the watf'r snpply After the partition of the country, the business com of the entire town. '""his historical event occured 9084 munity from West Pakistan were attracted to this place years ago. It IS evident that t'le place is known fa! its anu 1hey established their business in various localities religious and historical background slI1ce anCient time. of tl1e tuwn fmrly on a large sC::lle. Their business tactics -excelled the locals to establish and prosper It was inhabited by Gaddis. Among them there faster and now they comprise elite of the town. Kangra were Rajputs, Brahmins and other ::lIso. Dhannsalu :vas .the highest .dist~ict of the United Punjab, extend- was a small and as the name s'..lggests. It was an epi 1I1.g l!S boundarIes from Pathankot to Lahul & Spiti centre of Dharama by vi.rtue of localIsation of Bhagsu WIth Jts l1eadquarters ·:t Dharmsala added more imp or nag temple, ChamunJa Devl temple, Kunal Pathri tancf' of being tile district headquarters and an impor temple and other iI?-portapt religj·)us places. It is ?~ tant toun~' resort TIle towp attained further impor lieved that some BntIsh officers who happened to VlSlt tancl. and status wl;e 1, ,t WflS, merged with Himachal these areas in the early times of establishment of the pJ'adesh ,n J 966 all"d s\lbs'~qucnt!y declafi~d the Divi Briti~h rule in India were attracted by land scape, sion; 1 ,-Ieadquartcr". Now the town 1S rated the second beauty of this hill station TABLE II-l Present Price of Land ill Different Low/ities Sl. Name of Locality Priee per Kana! No. (in Rs.) 2 3 I. Dati Bazar (Road side) 50,000 2. Dari Balar (Remot,er area) :!O,OOO (. 30,000 3. Lower Sharnnagar (Road sic1.e) 50,000 0 70,000 4. Sharnnagar (Remoter area) 30,OeO 10 60,000 5. Upper Sh,l[]magaf (lIlcluding Ramnager, R xHi . id· ) !I),rIOO ') One Lakll. 6. Remote area 60.000 to 70.000 7. To\\'narea(Main roadside) ';),000 to 80,000 8. Civil Lines, Depot Bazar, Kotwali Haz, LOO,OOO SOURCE: Deputy Commissoner's officI.' 1', IIl_;ra t Oha' ,mala TABLE n· 2 T"J.,le showing Pnce of Land Year Mutation Date l\rcd ;olu F IC Re nar s No. in '"'\.t 2 3 4 19RO . '1 7-5-80 I K, nal 11 marl. " 1r t\O.1oil'in rural ap .s (0533 Sq. m( n,' 1980 81 '7_7_8' (0767 84.. ml:lreB) JOl KhaniYdraand UperlaBadal 1981 90 20-2-81 (076f sq. mein's) 2,l 1981 100 23-7- I (0417 sq. mctr(.s) 11)0 1981 88 20-4-8 (0264 sq. metres) ,or J 1979 5 30- I- 19 4 Marla lR,OOO CI' iI Station 1979 91 20-5-?3 10 \1arla !:>, ~ 0 1979 97 P-I1-83 4·J 2 Marla 4.900 1980 92 1-2-80 3 Marla ,000 !\_ .J( ning rural area~ 1981 98 20-1-8 13 Marla 5,Ul J Sa'.oh SOURCE: Deputy Commissioner's office Kangra at DharmsaIa. TABLE H-3 Table showing Price of Lal1d in Differellt Loculities eM! Statioll. COllrt Area, Hospit '/ COI'IPlc x to Octroi Post Year Area in decimeter Price 2 1983 1036.01 21,000 1984 88.06 20,000 1985 184.6:- 18,000 1986 39.05 18,000 1987 97.87 9,987 SHt\MNAGAR Year Area in Kanal and Marla Pr.ce 1 ., 3 1982 1 Kanal 6 marla 9,000 1983 3 marla 1000 1984 14 marla <000 1985 15 marla 15,000 1986 13 marla 20,000 1987 10 marla 25,000 Kotwali Bazar and Mcleodganj 1982 Per sq. meter 245.10 paise 1986 -do- 342.80 paise SOURCE: Deputy Commissioner's office Kangra at Dhar.msala. 8 At a distance of ;lhout () kms .. a religious hstitntion (--29.26). In 1931 the urban population showed an known as the Chinma'i The summer months attract a good number of tou 1931 6,359 +29.67 rists and visitors including pilgrims whiCh temporarily add to the human stock and enhance hustle :md hustle 19,11 ,'19,653 +51.80 and glamour of life in the town. 1951 9,933 +2.90 Population Characteristics of Town 1961 . 10,255 +3.24 1971 10,939 +6.67 According to 1991 Census, the provisi.onal popula . tion of Dharmsala M.e. was 17,320 p,:n~()ns 9,379 1981 14,522 +32.75 males and 7,941 females. The trend of population growth reveal that the population of ~he 1901 was 1991 17.320 + 19.27 6971 and it recorded a slight decrease in 1911 at 6:923 persons. During the decade 1911:--192 J, !he SOURCE: Census of India, 1981 General Population Tables urban population r~corded a <;teep fan wlth a. dec1l11e and Census of India, 1991 Provisional Population in population from 6,923 in J911 to 4,904 m 1921 Totals (Parer No, 2). CHAPTER III AMENITIES AND SERVICES-HISTORY OF 'GROWTH AND THE PRESENT POSITION Ad.wnistrativc Offices is manned by 851 persons (including total police forc~ During the British regime Dharmsala attained the .in the whole district). The law and order machinery distinction of the headquarters of Kangra disttict in 1S controlled by the'Supdt. of Police and he is assisted the year 1845*. It was the first step in making this by a chain of officers sucb as Add!. Supdt. of Police, hill station a seat of administration though it lies at a Dy. Supdt. of Police, Assistant Superintendent of distance of 18 Kms. from Kangra town towards the Police, S.H.O., Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors who hill side. The first among the district administrative have police check posts and police station se.rving offices was the Deputy Commissioner's Office which specified areas. In addition to this, there are offices was for sometime headed by British Officers. As a of the central Striking Reserve Force, Commandant result of its becoming a centre of district administra n BattaJian Himachal Pradesh Armed Police. There tion, people from all walks of life visited this town to are also the ofiic,es of Supdt. of Police Vigilance and get their grievances redressed through executive/legal the .office of the Supdt. of Police Enforcement. process. Superintendent Distt. J ails (Prisons) with a staff 1. Divisional Commissioner's Office strength of 39 employees is also operating from DhQrmsala. DbarmsaIa was declared as Divisional Headauarter in the year] 972 and tIle office was set up in th~ same 4. .PnlJlic Worb; D(,(llutment year. The Division is comprising of the districts of Chamba, Kangra and Una. With the establishment of . Chief Engineer (Building and Roads) North Zone this office, it has gained more importance as the Divi This office, located in Chilgari, caters to the needs sional Commissioner is the appellate revenue authority of th~ Nort~ern Ci,:cle. Chief Engineer is assist~d by and appeals relatill~\?; to his jmisdiction are attended Supermtendmg Engmeer and a team of Executive to in his court. The total strength of the staff of hi& Enginee:'s, ~s~i~tant Engin~~r~ and Junior Engineers office was 34 employees. posted III dIVISIons, sub-dlvlSIons and sections. The staff trength of the office of Chief Engineer (B&R) 2. Deputy Commissioner's Office North Zone is 156 personnel in addition to an army of field staff. Office of the Deputy Commissioner is situated in lower Dhannsala, known locally as 'Kachehari Adda' Superintending Engineer (Irrigation and Public in a singl~ storey building. The other complex of Health-This office bas the staff strength of 51 government office is also situated adjacent to this e11!pIoyees. T~e ~xeclltj."e Engineer (lPH) is assisting building and th~ whole complex is one of the most tIllS office. Whlch IS lookmg after the work of irrig[~tion important historical places of this town. In Deputy and pubhc health services in its jurisdictions. Commissioner's room, the names of all previous. Deputy Commissioners have been shown in a cronolo Executive Engineer (Mechanical)-This office with gical order. The Deputy Commissioner has two sets a st~ff strength of. 3? persons is rendering mechanical of rooms, the court room and the office room. He is serVICes to the BlI1ldmgs and Roads and Irrigation and assisted by additional Deputy Commissioner, SDM and Public Health offices. ' District Revenue Officer, Treasury Officer, Tabsildar, Naib-Tahsildar, Offtce Supdf., Sadar Kanungo and the Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board-There supporting staff. All important records relating to ~re the offices. of the Superintending Engineer (Pro revenue, land record is maintained in his office. He Ject constructIon circIe), Superintending Engineer also function as District Magistrate and head of the (Operation) and Executive Engineer, H.P.S.E.B. wit. diS{rict administration. He is a chief co-ordinator of a supporting staff of 481 personnel. H.P.S.E.B. has all the district officers and holds periodic meetings also constru~ted a beautiful Rest House near the new with the@ to ~eview the prevalent law and order bus stand complex which caters to tbe comforts of situation and progress of developmental works. The departmental and other government officers. total staff strength of the Deputy Commissioner's office as on 31 st July, 1987 was 107 employees. 5. Forest Offices There are also the offices of the Conservator of 3. Police Establishments Forests and Divisional Forest Officer. These offices Office of Dy. Inspector General (Police) North with their office staff and field staff have the net work Zone-Its jurisdiction extends to Kangra, Una and to safeguard, promote and preserve forest wealth and Chamba districts. The total staff strength of this office ~ther flo~a and falJila. of the area under their jurisdic was 18 as on 1-7-]987. tIon. ThIS staff constitutes 390 employees which in clude Forest Rangers, Deputy Rangers, Block Officers Superintendent of Police-It is most important and Forest Guards. This is the oldest establisbment office next to the Deputy Commissioner's Office and operating since Britisher's regime. ' "',Honour's board in the D.C' 's room. Forest department has a net work of forest offices 13. Co-operative Dcpa'rtmeHt established by Himachal Forest Corporation which With a staff strength of 95 employees, offices of include Divisional Manager, Himachal Pradesh State Additional Registrar Co-operative Society and Assis Forest Corporation (North Zope), Divisional Manager, tant Registrar Co-operative Society are also stationed Resin extraction circle, Divisional Manager, Forest here. Corpn., with the staff strength of 186 employees, 6. HorticuJt-ure Department ] 4. Transport Department In order to give a fillip to the horticultural activities Office of the Regional Transport Officer with th; of this region, an Additional Directorate of Hortic~lture stuff strength of 14 employees is operating from h~Ie. has been established here in the year 1984 wIth a In addition there are the offices of the Regional Mana staff strength of 2! employees. Under this Directo~ate, ger, HRTC, Divisional Manager, HRTC with the there is a District Horticulture Officer and HortIcul combin~d staff strength of 385 personnel. ture Development Officer having their sJaff strength of 50 and 31 respectively. 15. WeUare Office There is also an office of the District Welfare Offieer 7. Public Relations Department which is functioning siI1ce 1960 and it has the staff There is an office of the Deputy Director of Public strength of 44 employees. An office of the Zila ,Sainik Rlations who is ass_isted by the District Public Relation Welfare Officer with the staff strength of 14 employees Officer with combined staff strength of 32 employees. is also functi9ning at Dharmsala town. Dharmsala being the Divisional headquar~ers has a 16. Tourism Department distinct place in Himachal Pradesh because the offices 01 the Joint Directorates .and Deputy Directorates have The office of the Tourism Development Officer is been set=up here which are nQrmally no~ found at the functioning here to promote tourism and provide local other district headquarters of the state. guidance to the tourists to visit various places of in terest in and around Dharmsala. 8. Medical and Health Depal1tment The offices of Chief Medical Officer, Civil Hospital, 17. Central Tibetan Secretariat (Gallgchen Kyishopg) Project Officer USAID, Zonal Malari~ Officer, Di5~rict The Tibetan Secretariat is located halfway between Ayurvedic Officer are located here with the combmed Dhqrmsala and Mcle.odgauj. This is a seat of Tibetan staff strength of 1,016 employees. Administration in exile. Separate offices for cultur,t: and religion, home affairs, finance, education, security, 9. Education Department information, health and audit and service management There. are the offices of the Deputy Director Educa are situated here. In the same area is the office of the tiot! (North Zone). District Education Officer (Hr. Assembly of Tibetan PeopJe's Deputies, a body of Secy.) District Education Officer (Primary) and Officer eleven elected and one nominated representati\(es of Commanding (NCC) with a combined staff strength of the Tibetan in exile. This body of elected representa ] 02 employees. lives forms the Tibetan parliament in exile. 10. Office of H. P. Board of School-EduClltion In addition to above there are other offices also which are listed below: The office of the Himachal Pradesh Board o[ School EUllcation has been shifted to Dharmsala. Now the TAIlLE 111-1 Secretary, School Education Board has its offices at Dharmsala with a staff strength of 341 employees. The Offices In the Town Board has raised its own office complex at the end of civil lines near war memorial. Category Name of Office No. of employees 11. ludicial Courts 2 3 The courts of District and Session Judge, Additional District and Session Judge (I), Additional District and Public Sector: Session Judge (Il) and Senior-sub-Judge with the com 1, District Agriculture Officer 157 bined staff strength of '69 officials are functioning in this town in Depot bazar area. In these courts, the 2. District Animal Husbandry Officer 281 government cases are presented by District Attorney 3, Commandant Home Guards 9th Bn. 55 with the staff strength of 15 employees. - -- . Lady Circle Supervisor 3 5. Div. Commandant Home Guards North Zone 9 12. Civil Supply Department 6. Project Officer, D.R.D.A. 21 7. District Statistical Officer 7 The offices of the Joint Director of Food and Civil Supply, the District Food and Civil Supply Controller 8, Tribal Development Branch Office 2 9. Deputy Excise and Taxation Commission~r (En are located at Dh_armsala with the staff strength of forcement) 76 49 personnel who are looking after the essential food 10. Principal, J.B.T. supplies in the region. 23 TABLE HH The details .of income and expenditure from various OjjlCC III the town 'So.urccs and. Important functions of Municipal Com 'mlHee are gwen below: _ Category No. of cmpl(}y,,% TABLE III-2 illrnrne rmd F,xpendifllt'e of l\4ullicipal COFnmittl'f' for the Year 3 --_._----1983-lH and 19R4-85 .Incom(" 11. District I uMuage Officer 3 Year 12. Block Primary Education Otncer 213 r-.'---"- 1983-84 13. Principal. Degrce Collcge 140 1984-85 14. Regional Employmcnt Officer 7 1. Gell"ral D"partme It 15. Flection Tahsildar 15 (1) Misc. unclassified 7,723 84 16. General Manager TnJustrie:, . 35 6,214.02 0 1) Tay ll'ld UCel1l'i'l" Departmcnt 17. District Mining Officer. 1" (a) House Tax 18. District Ayurvedic Omccr 226 3,30,929 00 3,38,619 50 (n) Oc'roi 19. District Panchayat Officer 227 lOO,19S DO 3.99.252.00 (0:) Toll Tax 20. Assistant Engincrr (Dcv.) 4 1,57.903.00 1. 73, 134.26 (d) Show Tax. 21 Settlement Officer 409, 3,550.00 22. Principal, REd. College (e) D;:mgerous and OlT"nslve 29 lrac'c licence fee. 573.00 407.00 Corporat(' Sectors' (f) Ruil,ling ap"'licat'on fcc. 1. Executive Fngincer, Housing Board 50 335.00 410.00 (g) Copying fe~ 580.50 2. H. I? Scheduled Caste~ Development Corpllra- 726.50 tion . g 2. IlIcome /rom Mill/i"ipal Property: 3. Area Manager, H. P. StateCi\,il Supplies . 71 (I) Rent of Lan! 4. Divisional Manager, H.P State Ci\ il Supplies 17,286 96 12,233.94 (ii) Rent of Building Corp. Ltd. 6 1,03,842.51 1,12,307.09 (iii) Forc~t fncom' 770.00 960,00 SOURCE: Field SUf\·cy. 1986-87 (Secondary tia ta). (iv) Teh. Bazan fcc 13,600 00 16,206.25 (v) Compositioa fee 499.00 320.00 (vi) Slaughter house fee Establishment of Local Self Government-Dharm 4,869.50 2,981.00 sala Municipal Committee was established in the year (vii) L'cen<:c fee under section 197 1 he t\ct. 1867 tn look after the management of the town with or 2.161 00 1,761.00 regard to water supply, conservancy, power. street 3. Water Slipply : lighting. trans-port and communication, fire fighting 0) Water Tox and other civic ::tmenities. Municipal Committee is 15,495.00 17,726.09 (ii) Water ratc located in the hcart of the Kotwali bazar area and is 1 33,099.92 1,51,272.16 said to he one of the oldest public utility offices of the (iii) Metcr Rent 193.25 397.25 town. Its management was directly supervi.sed by the Deputy Commissioner himself during Britt:<;h time and 4. Suspense: public representatives were also involved to run the (i) C-achan(.(' ant! ,,('n,)3its [.43,595.01 39,495.07 affairs of the town. There is il well maintained minutes (ii) D-Cattlc pound~ 3,398 00 book of the old times which has a record of various 4,257.67 meetings and the important decisions taken by the G. TOTA.L 12,41,605 49 [2,78,680.71 Municipal Committee. Now the Municipal Committee is functioning under the Local Self Government Department of Government of Himachal Pradesh. The ;::'XPENDITURE municipal functioning is governed now under the Hima Expenditure Ye.ar chal Pradesh Municipal Act. 1979 wherein there is a ,- -'- ~-.. provision of electec1 representative body presided over 1983-84 1984-85· by the President The office 1<; headed by the Secretary 1. I. General Department assisted by his supporting staff. Dharmsala is classified 3.65,180.55 4,40,061 .05 Education as Class IV town. At the time of survey thc tov'1n was IJ. nil nil III. Medical divided into 13 wards. nil nil 2. IV. Pnblk: Heatlh 3,06,337 80 3,67,836.98 Shri B. S. Pnmlar a practi<;ing h1WY"f is President 3. V· Water Supply 1.92.266 37 VI. Veterinary 2,18.728.13 of thc Municira1 ('nm'11ittfl' rcpr.'senting wdri1- No. 1111 nil 13. TIll" room '1f t11" Prc"ioent M'micj,);>l ('ornm;ttee 4. vn. MUflic'pal works 96,955.41 1,08.655.19 where the mCf'tll'Q.!,! are inv::1flnb1v hdd is well furnished. 5. VJII. Rcser"il h:r'lnf)r.:seen charC'e' Although the munIcipal e],~c!JOJ1S :irc not conte!'.tec1 on 5,853 50 3,093.10 0. IX. Sl'''pell·.C political party basis but it has been observe4 that the 1 ,26,677.23 77,822.10 elected members have aOHia'ion to one political party G. Total or the other \Vhic~ has. ;ts beilri'1g on major nrllicy 10,93,270.91 12,16,196.55 <.iecisions and matters re18ting to the town. SOURCE: Secretary Municipal Committee, Dharmsala. 12 The Municipal Committee, Dharmsala is mainly Although potable water supply is arranged by en~aged to. look aft,cr the civic comforts of tpe popu Municipal Comniittee through pipe fmes to serve latIOn ilI1d 1S rcnderng tIw following national services: 100% population, yet it has been observed that popu 1. Water Supply-The main sources of water supply lation residing close to these sources of water spe cially at Bhagsunag water springs obtain untreated an: : water directly from the source and use it for drinking (i) Perennial spring source of Bhagsunag purposes which may be a health hazard in the form (ii) Churan Khad of water borne diseases for those who use it chemically untreated. ' (iii) Spring source Glanmore (iv) Bather Khad Conservancy-The Municipal Committee looks The water from these sources is chemically treated after the general public health conditions and the and l1l~t~e po[ C C1 TABLB 1II-3 _Particulars ofConservancy Staffof J)ifferent Categories Remarks Category Number Remuneration (scale of (Total Total pay) salary) Male Female P.M.) 6 3 4 5 ------2 680-1120 1400 1. Sanitary Inspector ]l00 2. Sanitru'y Supcnisor 400--600 1000 3. Head Jamadar 3 3 325-495 930 4. Sweepers 17 6 23 300--430 240 5. Part-time Sweepers 13 7 20 ------_.------SOURCE'Municipal Committee, DharmsaJa. The sewerage s.ystem in the town was taken over 22 public latrines in all important localities and also by PublIc Health Department in October, 1986. The arranged public urinals at important public places. A good number of households in the town are without sewerage system has not been laid in the entire town the facility of priyies. Therefore, a large number of hence. latrines in most of the houses are of dry type and Sweepers/sweeperesses are (!IJgaged by individual people, especially the labourers have bee~-?b~erved easing in the open drains along the road sldes In the hOllseholds to remOve the night soil from latrines. On dawn hours. Children very often are seen oefeqating account of unsystematic construction, the sanitary con themselves at all odd places adding to the insanitary in the areas -are very narrow and diti~ms C(\;1g~sted conditions in the town. However, the town is in a ad qramllge system is l~ot functioning properly. The dirty vantageous position being situated on the spur of the wat::r overtlmvs the drains and the inhabitants arc in hill and frequent and heavy down\,our helps in washin; ~hc habit of tllrowil~g the official and household garbage m 11,c open drains. Mnnicipal Committee has provided away all the dirt easily. n 92·L/Sl20DCQHP-3 Power and Road Lighting--Dharmsala is one of the bulbs c.l'L qeing replaced by Tube-Lights. In addition oldest town in tht: state which was electrified before (C I uJu ~,1(1 streets lights Pll)\liu~.J. by .h,: 1\,,- ,nieipal independence from Jogindernagar ekctric power supply ( )r.lmllk'~, tile inIlucntia 1 ow ICt'S uf hUll~":s enl mcr station in the year 1932. At pl\.,sent the dec ricity is .. ie.! alld :ndustrial establi~ IllllCIi(S arr:!ng~ li",,'l' 'lg .1' supplied frOlll the power sub-station of Sidhpur cit rUilg,;uH.,n'S d their prcmist:s, vvlud' an; 1::~.; 19 r 'uds distance of 4 Kms. from the town. The villages aqjoill ~"J streelS. rhc lighting hours otSt1', L. rt: frum 7 ing the town are also served from Sidhpur sub-stcltion. pl t, 6 ~7\1. There arc 799 light pO:ULs nr wiLled on The volume of consumption in t~le town is 2.5 MV/\. \,~ ,JUS ~tr.::cts and roads with tntet! cC.i1SU::lp.l' n ')f The power sub-station at Siahpur is fully meeting the about 11)7,\ U1·its per month. Tlll:re is a prO\lision of daily requirements of the town. The town experiences 1= Jle light arrangements on all pablic places like bus load shedding and power bre.ak rarely and by and stand. district courts, civil hospital, rest hOllSfS and in large the powel supply to the town remains un inter the mrrr'undings qf play grounds, hostels elc -\11 rupted. All residential. commercial, industrial and pub government offices and institutions have also made TABLE llI-4 No. of ConnectiOlls, Rata per III/it. Volume of Conslill/ptioll Charges due ,md Charges Realised January, 1986 to December, 1986 -- -- ~--- Type of establishment No. of Volume of Rate per unit Charges due Charges No. of pending Ad,lition; ..l connections consumption dwing 1/86 realised applications load required given to 12/86 during in the waiting for pending 1186 to 12/86 list applications 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Domestic (a) Lighting 5,364 2:5 MVA 1 to 25 -0.45 P 31,63,601.54 31,14,254.06 DIS 25 (b) Power DIS per unit. 26 and above, 0.40 paise l?er unit Illdustrial 41 0.40 Paise per unit for entire con sumption Irrigation Other Establishment 2 Cvmmercial 1,177 I to 100:0.70 CjS 20 Paise per unit. 101 and above: 0.90P. per unit Road Lighting 6 O. 30 paise per unit for the entire con- sumption TOTAL 6,590 45 Nos. SOURCE: H.P.S.B.B. Dharmsala. 14 It is estabiished from the statement given above that sala via Pathankot. Hence, apart from being traffic mor.! th~ln 75 ~( of the 'total electric connections are route, Dhanm,al~l-Pathankot Road is the 1110st for du,nestic use only as out of the 6,590 total electric important tr:1l1c route also. The routes beyond Pathan C0llllt'cti c)!1s, 5,364 are domestic. Commercial electric kot linking Uharmsala extend to Pathankot-Jammu connections, number is 1,177 and for industrial use & Srinagar, Pathan1(ot-Guruaspur-Amritsar, Pathan- fhc:te ~\rc oilly 41 electric connections. 1; )t-H0shiarpur, Palhankot-Jullundur and linking fur ther wIth other parts of the States and the country. TrlllSpOl't and Communication Dhal'lnsala-DalilOtlsle.JChamba Road-This route branches oft at Nlll'pUr frOlll Dharl1lsala-Pathankot Dhannsala is S6 miles (Aprox. 90 Kms.) fro111 road and serves Bakloh-Dalhousie and Chamba. Pathankot, 76 miles (Aprox. 122 Kms.) from Hoshiar pur the two termini of the broad gauge railway. Pathan ./ kat is connected with Delhi by air also. From Dharm Dharmsala-KlIllll~Manali Road-There is adequate sala regular bus services to Pathankot and other places bus service aV:lilablc from Dharmsala to Kullu and ,of the district are available. One can move from \lanali via Y 01, Palampur and via Kangra through Pathankot to Kangra town on the narrow gauge Kangra Palampur-Baijl1ath-Jogindernagar-Mandi route. All valley railway line also and from there can take a ::>tations falling on this route upto Mandi ane served bus to Dharmsala. An eleven Kn1s. long road branch with the net work of road transport. ing off at Gaggal for Pathankot-Baijnath-Kullu highway tales one to Dharmsala. There are direct bus services Dharmsala-Shimla Road-Direct bus service for from Dharmsala to the State Headquarters Shimla as Shimla is available via Palampur-Mandi-Sundarnagar well as to Chandigarh and Delhi. road and through Kangra-J awalaji-Hamirpur-Bilaspur route. Night bus services and Deluxe bus services are Road connections to and froUl Dharmsala continued also available on these rontes. to expand since Britishcrs time and the modes of communication improved with the passage of time Dharmsala-Challdigarh-Delhi Road~Frequent bus specially with the setting up of Y 01 and Dharmsala services are itvailable. to Chandigarh and Delhi via Cantonments when, there was acute urgency of move Kangra-Dehragopipur, Una-Anandpur Sahib and Ropar ment of troops by road. Of course, the roads were serving all important 'stations cnroute. Night bus ser narrow zig-zig and partially metalled which were vices also ply on this route and pass through the widened, metalled and made all weather traffic worthy Punjab territory. after independence under various development plans. Mode of transportation of luggage, goods other articles to the upper areas of Dharmsala beyond Bhagsunag are Dharmsala-Hoshiarpur Road-There is a heavy 5till on mules, sheep, goats and on human ba9k as vehicular traffic on Ihis road as Kangra district was a the upper habitations have not been linked motor part of Punjab and all road communications to Kangra able approach roads. Migratory Gujjars and Gaddis. and Dharmsala from Punjab were mainly via Hoshiar were seen carrying goods on the back of milch cattle pur.Gagret-Chintpurni-Dehragopipur. There are bus while moving from one bridle path to another. routs connecting Dharmsala with Hosiarpur via Palampur-SujanpuJ', Sujanpur Tihra-Hamirpur Nadaun-Amb. Construction of roads in and around Dhannsala received top priority after declaration of Dhannsalll as the Divisional headquarters. There is a hectic l',lelO In addition, there are Illany other routes from transport and vehicular traffic observed in the town Dlnrrm.ala linking various other stations of the which is connected by road with all important places district with the town and there is a net work of road in the state and the adjoining statt'5. transport facility from Dharmsala to the peripheral villages. Kangra via GaggaJ and Yol cantonment from The most important routes connecting Dharmsala Dharmsala has almost been fully with road transport facility. The Appendix tables 1-6 show the routes with other parts of the country and state are as originating from Dhaomsala, their timings and the below: agency operating on each route. Dharlllsaia-Kangra-Pathankot Road-Dharmsala is linked to Pathankot by this road which has heaviest Also there are a good number of pllblic and private vehicular traffic. All traffic from the Union Capital of goods carriers whioh ply on the rOlltes mentioned India, Punjab, Haryana, D.T. Chandigarh and Jammu above. At pre5ent there aCe 27 Trucks, 17 Jeeps, 29 & Kashmir normally flows to Dharmsala via Pathan Cars, 128 Scooters and Motorcycles, 14 Pickup Vans kot which is also the broad gauge rail terminus station. in the town. Local bus service has 110t been introduced Pathankot is also an important commercial and as yet, though long route buses entering the town from industrial pass for Himachal area and much of the different directions lift and drop passengers in civil economic activities of Dharmsala town is linked with line area, Kachehari Adela, Sangam Park, Forsyl h Pathankot. Much of the imports from the adjoining ganj and Mcleodganj. During tourist season, lot of States are through goods transport from Pathankot. taxes, cars and charted buses have hustle and bustle Goods of daily use worth lacs of rupees enter Dharmn in the town. 15 92-L/S120DCOHP-3(a) Post and Telegraph amI Tc)(~)honC9 of po';lal saving accounts, payment of pension. The At present the town has a nd work. of sub-post following table shows the magnitude of postal services offices and branch post offices locatf'd it1 various loca rendered by the post offices in the town during the lities i.e. in Civil Line area, Kotwali Bazar, Forsythganj year 1986. and Mcleodganj. The villages falling ill the periphery Telegraph Office-Telegraphic communications were are also served with the pO'it,ll ~erVlCcS ex:tended frl)l11 (lpenecl in the town long ago. Being a divisional and the town. The main servicl''; rcnJered in the m:lin post district headquarters, there is a great rush of tele offices include receipt and delivery of d.uly IJIail butll graphic ~ervices and during the year 1986, total I}um ordinary and registered, sale of postal stationery, bel' of telegrams issued was 4,745 and the number national saving certificates, TII~intenallce and operation received was 30,363. TAUI.P TH-5 Sale ofPostal Stationery amI Number of Telegrams Receilwl/ hwed dllring 1986 Item Number sold during Total sale proceeds last one year during last one year ~ .. ------. ------.-"-_---~~-. 1 2 3 ------.----'------~--~--.,. (A) Postal Stationery: (i) Post Card 17,104 2,56,.'i60 (ii) Inland Cover . 18,302 6,40,570 (iii) Envelopes 9,722 5,35,710 Stamp (iv) 2,2],780 Total 16,56,620 (B) Number of telegrams: . (i) Received during last one year 30,363 (ii) Issued during last one year 4,745 ------_._._---- SOURCE: Superintcndent Post Office nharmsala. The telephone ~xchange was previously opcrate.d which urgent important messages relating to law and with the help of central battery and at present It IS order, natural calamities like earthquake, land slides an automatic Telephone ExchaJlge and STD facilities cbud bursts, flash floods and intimation of VTP's are available with other parts of the State and Country. vi"its, States, national and international dignitaries are There are 8 public telephone booths situated in different receiVed and flashed. localities. Up to the year 1986, there were 850 tele phone connections which have increased in t~e recent past because of. the shifting ~f th.e divisional he.ad Fire Fight-ing quarters and settmg up of the T~betan Secretanate First 275 local calls are allowed free of charge and The fire brigade services were made available in the town during the year 1973 under the management and for the next 2,000 los;al calls 60 paise are charged control of Municipal Committee (now transferred to per call of 3 minutes duration and beyond 2000 calls the charges are 80 paise per call. During the year 1986, Home guards). The :fire flighting station is situated near the main bus stand in Kotwali Bazar. The fire fighting 21.90 lakh local calls were recorded. Number of trunk incidents include hOllse fires, forest fires and other calls during the same period booked from the town were unforeseen calamijies and accidents arising out of 2.20 lakhs. The to.1al reV~nue earned by the telephone road accidents, vehicle fire and electric exchange during the year 1986 amoul}ted to earthqu~(e, shorl circuit fire and suicidal burning cases etc. The Rs. 10,40,514.50 P. which includes rent of telephone fire fighting equipments comprised of 4 vehicles equip":. connections and bills of local calls. Revenue earned from trunk calls amounted to Rs. 5,39,604.00 during ed with water tanks, water pipes, flying ladders, anti the same period. fire and anti-smoke kits for the fire fighting staff and 24 hours services of telephone caU facility available Wireless-A wireless station operated by the Police ill the fire service station. At present, there is a Fire Officer assjsted by the fighting sqll.~ds which include Department .i" al30 functioning in the town thlough fire-men and drivers. " 16 Thcc=rollowlng table shows particulars of fire 1i3htUJ~ 5elvice~ rendered by the fire brigade durin~ the year 1986: 'J Alll L III 6 Fire Bdg",[( ·')er; ius dWillg 19~6 Establishment Particulars of Service Lo"ation __ .A.. date ,.. ------~ Place DJte Time l.oss Saved Kind bf Fire property Property worth Rs. worth Rs. ------_. 3 4 5 6 8 K. B. 1973 Dhunnsalu Jan, 86 1. Dhanllsala coopu.ltiw 01·01-86 1'1.30 1000 2 Lakhs House Fire l)rinting Press, G. Road 2. Rehlu ViJl:&DI~tt.Kangra, 05·01·86 03.50 1 Lakh 4 Lakhs -do- House ofSIl. mimi Singh Fcb, 86 3. Near Rest Hous,,' PWD 10·04-86 1.1.45 200 1 Lakh Forest Fire Dharmsala 4. Cautl. Road D1ElfIl1Sald 11-04-86 w.oo .Durnt one Suicide case House of Sh. Tulsi Ram mdl1 5. Kunal Pathari Dharmsalil 17-'14· 86 14.45 200 3 Lakhs Forest Fire 6. Police line Dharmsala 13.06 20,000 Saved injur- Earthquakc ed person 7. Canlt. Road Dhannsal'l 27-04-86 11.00 3000 Nil -do- House collapsed May, 86 8. Chilgari Dharmsala 22-05-86 16.20 200 10,000 Forest fire 9. ·do 24-05-86 17.01 500 1 Lakh -do- 10. -do- 26-05-86 09.55 100 2 Lakhs -do- June, 86 11. McleodgUllj 05-06-86 22.01 500 20,000 -do- 12. Cuutl. Dhannsala 0'1·06-86 U8.45 IOU ~ Lakhs -do- 13. Dharmsala Ncar Hos- 10-06-86 11.20 100 1 Lakh -do- pital. 14. Dharmsala Near HRTC 11-06-86 21.59 Nil 15 Laklls -do- workshop. 15. Dharmsalanci:lr lrriga- 12-06·86 09.35 100 4,000 -do- tion office. 16. Dharmsala. 12-06·86 ]0.45 150 3 Lakhs ·do 17. Dharmsala near HRTC 12·06·86 19.43 Nil 15 Lakhs -do- workshop. July, 86 18. Forsythganj, Dharmsala. 20-06-86 19.53 30,000 House sliding ducto rain 19. Depot. Bazar Uharmsala. 23-07-86 2U.30 1,000 10 Lakhs House 1ire Aug, 86 ZOo Dharmsala l-UnC Bus 19-08-86 11.26 50 Lakhs 5 persons Rescue at the accident C/o Regional (five lives) time of acci Manager, Dllar msala. dent of Bus No. HPK- 1785 Oct, 86 21. Dharlllsula Police Motu 21-10-86 17 .~) 1,000 1,500U Vehicle fire cycle. SOURCE: Fire Brigade, Dharmsala. 17 In response to emergency calls, the fire fighting ser .qu.arters, a dispensary, handicraft-cum-vocational train vices are extended to the localities falling outside the ing centre, a community hall anct- administrative town also. offices. The entire complex is spread over in an area of 43 acres. It provides education and parental care to more than 1200 children. TCV also runs similar Educational Institutions children villages in Leh (Ladakh) and Bylikupee in ~outh India, boarding school and day school in lower Apart from dis~rict and divisional administrative Dharmsala, Mcleodganj and Patli Khul in Hima9hal headquarters, Dharmsala town is rated as a cent.re of Pradesh. high education also in the state next to Shimla. There are 22 educational institutions providing general, pro fessional and technical education. The details of which Sillce its foundation in 1960, more than 5,000 child are discussed below: ren have passed ~he portals of the Tibetan Children Village to join other schools in India or abroad. Re (i) Government College, Dharmsala-The Govern cently TCV students have started joining the colleges ment College Dharmsala was established in 1926 and in Delhi and Chandigarh for higher education. the post graduate classes were started in the college after reorganisation g_f the composite Punjab. The college is located in the Civil Lines are in a spacious Tibetan Children Village School-This school is building having its own stadium and play grounds exclusively meant for Tibetan children and is located attached to the campus. During the year 1986 there between Forsythganj and Dal Lake on a ridge beauti were 1,317 male students and 458 female: students in the fully plan!led as a residential area. This school is college. The number of male teachers stood at 62 and under the management of Board of Directors appoint female teachers 21 supported by 58 male nOll-teaching ed by the Ministry of Education of the Tibetan staff- and 5 female non-teaching staff. There were 4 Government. At present the Principal and patron of research students. this school is younger sister of his HoEness the Dalai Lama. Tibetan students right from infancy to higher (ii) Government College for Education-This classes from various parts of the country are on the college is also located in the civil lines adjoining to the rolls. It is a residential school and the students are Government College. The number of students admitted grouped in three categories i.e. infants, juniors and for B.Ed. course during the year J 986 stood at 98 high classes. In the infant section, there are 238 male, males and 7 females. The number of teachers stood 180 female students, in junior section there are 336 at 8 males 4 females supported by 14 non-teaching male and 231 female students and in high classes male staff and 3 females non-teaching staff. there are 190 male and 210 female students. There are 5 male and J 6 female teachers looking-after the (iii) Junior Basic Training School-It is located in infant section oj the school and 15 male and 18 the Civil Lines area. The number of J .B.T. students female teachers are in junior section and 26 male stood at 105 males and 100 females in the year 1986. and 7 femal_e teachers in high classes. There are 1 The number of teachers is 3 males and 9 females. The male, 2 female non-teaching staff in infant sect~on 2 non-teaching staff consists of 9 males and 2 females. I;1lale and 4 female non-teaching staff in junior section and 3 male and 3 female non-teaching staff in high classes. Model Secondary School (Girls)-This school is located in civil line area. The student strength on the ro'll is 185 in the secondary classes. There are six TCV school consists of 30 homes meant for the female and 2 male teachers supported by 3 female teaching staff. 2- hostels, a modern school building non-teaching staff. catering from nursery to high school, playground, a dispensary and community hall and a administr.ative office. Situated on a hill top at a distance of 9 Kms. Government Sec6ndary School (Boys)-It is also from the main town and 2 Kms. from Mcleodganj, located in civil line area with 586 students on the roll the TCV school at pr(}sent ranks amongst the best in the secondary classes. There are 23 male and 32 Tibetan educational institutions in the country. Apart female teachers having assistance of 14 male aJ"ld 5 from providing education, the institution gives parental female non-teaching staff members in the school. In care and love to 418 infant students. Since its founda fact, both the secondary schools though earmarked for tion in 1960, more than 5,000 students have passed boys and girls separately, are functioning on co-edu from this school and many are receiving higher educa cation pattern. tion at graduate and post-graduate level at Shimla, Chandigarh and Delhi Universities. Tibetan Children's Village-The Tibetan Children's village is situated on a hill top at a distance of 9 Kms. from Dharmsala TABLE 111-7 Particulars of Educational Institutions -SI. Type Location Number of Number of Non-teaching No. students teachers staff ,----"-- ---, ,-- -"-- ______,..._, r-- ~'-----' M F M F M F ---- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 G. H. S. Kotwali Kotwali Bazar 296 202 5 2 2 2 G. H. S. Forsythganj Forsythganj 236 230 10 ,~ 2 1 '3 G. H. S. (Girls) Dharmsala Kacheheri Adda 435 3 36 7 7 4 G. P. S. Kotwali Kotwali Bazar 210 170 11 5 lnternatlOnal Samaj Public School Old Chari Road 7 8 2 6 D. A. V. Public School Gurdwara Road 30 27 5 7 Vidy,\ MandIr Kotwali Bazar 83 77 5 S G. P. S. (Girls) . Kacheheri Adda 37 75 6 9 S. D. Pry. School Depot Bazar 60 56 4 10 Dayunand Model School (Pry.) -do- 161 113 1 14 2 11 G. P. Chilgari Cbilgari 18 24 3 12 G. P. S. Hiru Mcleodganj 10 15 2 1 13 G. P. S. Dharmkot Dharmkot 46 31 1 14 G. P. S. Bhagsunag Bhagsunag 41 26 2 1 SOURCE: Concerned Schools of Dharmsala Town. In audition some crecnes and pre-nursery schools have been made available. District Ayurvedic hospital alsJ exist in some localities which are purely private is also Joused in the same building and catering to (l11~1 un-recognised. These are mostly the ventures of those patients who are not using the Allopathic system. educ;~ted ladies who have opted to domesticate it as There are a good number of patients who prefer to their part time profession. Th~ working ladies prefer go in for AYllrve~dic system of treatment rather than sllch arnmgemcnts rather than to send their toddlers to go in for other treatments. The details of medical to the government institutions. instHutJOns and medical facilities available are given below: Medical lnststutiolls Family Welfare Services- There -is a -district wel fare clinic functioning in the district hospital which is Occurance of diseases, spread of epidemics and oc manned by District Family Welfar:_e- Officer assisted by curancc of earthquake, cloud bursts and flash floods a Health Educator. Family Welfare Social Workers in this PrJ : of the region were considered a sign of mti Lady Health Visitors. 'The overall control is under displeasure ,f God and Goddesses and curses of various the Chid Medical Officer. Family Welfare services Jejt~e~ and evil sp~'its in the past. They would rather are rendered in the form of persuations to adop't ~mall pre!..:r to appLdsc the Gods and Goddesses, by offering family norms to the newly married couples through the ·Par:':ld' and also giving sacrifice of an animal prefer distribution of free literature and free contraceptives ably of G(,at. As a part of mass practice of faith 'Curing for increasing the span of birth occurance. Film shows the p,- 'pIe yet go a long way in search <>f a healing aid and other publicity measures are carried out in, the frrill Chelas through Jantar-Mantar and Jadu-Tona various localities gnd (It the places of gathering by the rather than to go in for proper medical treatment. mas:, nledia wing manned by District EDucation Offi However, these faiths and beliefs are now on the de cer. Family Welfare camps are held and family wel cline and people are coming forward to avail modern fare fortnights are celebrated from time to time as medical facilities available in different systems of per the medical and health policy of the goverm;nent. medicines. These family welfare" services are also available in Mev centre Dharmsala. In the year 1986, 12 vasec At present there arc one district hospital, civil dis tomy and 75 tube.ctomy operations were performed. pensdry and a district Ayurveda hospital. In addition 125' IUD insertions .were done in the town. 503 eligible coupks were supplied wi{h 'Nirodh~'. In Today Dhannsala is one 0 fthe biggest centres of addition to this large number of eligible couples avail medical facilities in this part of the state. Ke,eping ed of advice about small· family norm by way of ob in view the rising need of the people for the specialised taining operational knowledge about human re-pro treatment, the Distr_ict Hospital has been upgraded to duction having direct bearing on sex pattern and sex the regional hospital. A new spacious muJ!i-storYe'd beHaviour. building has been constructed in which var,ious depart m, 111<; of medicines and surgery fully equiped with Private Clinics-Though the district hospital and its the latest instruments and qualified doctor's seryices allied clinics and dispensaries are -the main source of 19 medical facilities yet qualified doctors GAMS and The expansion of LliC Tibetan Medical Institute is RMPs are also running their private clinics in the an indication of th.:: rc!)ut;.:tion which the traditional town alongwith medical welfare services. Some regis tibetan medicine has acquired In inkrnmional medical tered Vaids and Hakims are also running private prac circles. The tradition at Tibetan medicine dates back tices in the Uuani and Ayurvedic system. In the to mOre. than 200 years and re"pccted physicians the M~leodganj area the(e is a full-fledged Tibetan dis world over arc increasingly rec;)gJli~)mb [he efiicacy of pens«ry' and there are a few. well reknowned Tibetan traditional Tibetan medical practice. They respect jt doctors runl}ing their private clinics in Tibetan system for what it is a substantial Tibetan contribution to of medicines. Dr. (Mrs.) Dolma, who is also the the easihg of human sniIerings. P5?rsonal physician of his Holiness the Dalai Lama has acclaimed high r_eputation all over India and even abroad in Tibetan system of medicines. Tibetan Dclek Hospital Tibeta'n Medical Institute Line other Tibetan in~titutioas in Dharmsala the hospital has been rapid growth since its foundation In 1960 a small dispens~ry of traditional Tibetan in 1971. The hospital is probably one of the first medicines was opened at Dharmsala to cope with the Tibetan ventures into the field of the western medical .enormous "number of refugees racked by diseases. Now scicnce assisted by volunteers from Australia, Delck situated near the central Tibetan Sectt. the Tibetan is entirely managed by Tibetans. It has a surgical and Medical Institute has a huge complex in a spacious maternity out patient and in-patient departments. One compound. It has a college in which the fundamentals of its units works towards the eradication of T.B. of 'the traditional Tibetan medical prac'tices are taught in the Tibetan community, a mobile team for commu to more than 50 students. This institute has a dispen nity health and an eye clinic. All these departments are sary and a patiept and surgical ward. This clinic and co-ordinated by: an Administration. The doctor is the ~)11e in Mcleodganj treat patients irrespectiye of assisted by nurses. caste, creed or colour. Incidence of Diseases and Treatment-In table No. Abo!!t 200 different pills are made in the institute 11l-8 & 9 incidence of diseases and the number of and are distributed to its 15 branch clinics in India patient ·treated are given. These figures were collected and Nepal. These are also sent abroad where there is for the year 1986 separately from the Allopathic and a growing clem and for them. Ayurvedic Institutions: TABLE I1I-8 ALLOPATHIC blcidellce of Diseases Treated in Medical Institutions During 1986 ., . Category of Diseases Number of patients ,_ _ _ __.A. __---, Indoor Outdoor 2 3 I Infection and Parasitic Diseases . 45,715 1. 119,303l_ 355J 2,401J II Neoplasms 9 17 II AH~rgic Endocrine system, Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases 332 11,962 IV Diseases oftl)e Blood and Blood-Forming organs . 656 11,256 V Mental, Psychoneurotic and Personality Disorders. 22 422 VI Diseases of the Nervous system and sense organs 362 8,042 yll Disease of the circulatory system 275 2,699 VIlI :piseases of the Respiratory system 418 18,197 IX Diseases of1he Digestive system, 403 14,242 X DiSeases oft!le genetourinan: system 162 14,242 XI Deliveries and complications of Pregnancy child birth and the puerperium 723 2,452 xn Diseases ofthe skin and cellular Tissue -.-_ 103 2,242 xiu Diseases oHhe Bones and organs orMovements 628 2,243 XlV Congenital Malformation~ 4,982 XV Certain Diseases of E~rly infancy 42 9 XVI Symptoms, Seniiity and ill-defined conditions 221 2.462 XViI Accidents, Poisoning and Vj~lence 408 1,582 SOURCE : Medjc~l Officer.I.S.:ryI. D!strict Ilospit,al Dharmsala-. H. P. 20 fAilLE I11-9 AYURVEDLC Inril1t:ncp 0/ Diseases Treated in Medical Imtitutiol/s Durin/< 1"'16 Numb.:r Trl-,w J 11 Irks - - ..A.• . ,( lndoor ( 2 4 I Nil .) Ii u If I. :ility is d in this Ayur vcu. hosp;tal 11 'l\CGpl Nil 1lI Allc gi( lc ,l< n, lVic.t, )otic and Nutritional dicseases Nil IV DisCls, ,of t Cl m rin ;organs Nil V Melli 11, 1- ":1.)1 j )C sonality uiseases Nil VI Oth;rD, m. l J,)l- ses) 4,457 4,457 Vll Dised~': l. t er t:m d1d ense organs Nil VIII Di~t:asl;!h OJ tl'!)C CCH :Jr s . ~U1 Nil IX Dise,l~e 011 t: III 11")' ~J item 1,443 X Disease: ot tlt L.jp. ;t sY'te n . 917 XI Dist:ase~ or 1. .; Ge .tc -r;:"U1Y ,ystem Nil XII Delivenes dno C lIT .1- -ions of Pregnancy child birth and the puerpertio Nil XUI Diseases ofthe .. elluhr Tissue. 57 XIV Diseases.Q(!1 '! BOI . ttl organs of movements, congenital Mal- formation Nil XV Certain disc, ,c y inl:.mcy Nil XVI Symptom~, senih,y no dl-defumedconditions Nil XVII Accidents, POIsoning and Violence Nil Total 6,874 A,457 SOURer.: Medical Officer, J.S.M. District Hospital Dharmsala (H.P.) Diseases Among. Animals surr~)Un~ing area~ in a1'out 10 Kfus. radius One can have a~ idea of th~ com~10n -diseases among the animals There 1s onc veknnary ·Rqspital in the town. It from the Table glVen here which was obtained from caters to the neCQ 01 the town as well as of the the Veterinary Hospital Dharmsala : TABLE III-lO Incidence ofDiseases Among Different Animals Treated During 1986 Animals Diseases No. treated Remarks 2 3 4 1 Horse Wounds, respiratory diseases vermirous infections, digestive disorders 313 Figuresarecombined foriown and the sur rounding villages 2. Cattle Liver fluke, Lantana Eczema (Fasco Liasies) Round worms insfesta 4,835 Hous milk fever (mastitis) mineral deficiency, Allergic Dermicitis, wound, Respiratory, digestive disorders • • • . • 3 ·Shce), GOdt x. 1c.;s Mange, respira,fory diseases Vermirous infestations. ECPP, Lantana Poisoning Mastitis, Eczema wounds . . . . . 2,344 21 CHAPTER IV ECONOMiC LIFE OF THE TOWN Dharmsala town is predominently a service class Out o~ the total population of 14,522 persons town. It does not figure at all on any small, medium returned III 1981 Census, 5,193 persons are recorded or large scale industrial map of the State. The eco· as workers and the remaining 9,329 fall in the cate nomic life of the town is thus mainly wedded to the gvry of non-workers, the working force constitute .35.76 services associated with the secondary and tertiary percent of the total population. Out of total 6,381 sectors of the economy, supplemented by local 1cmalcs, only 1,100 females are reported as workers activities of commerce and trade. Although well placed which constitute 17.24 percent Of the total female families own small chunks of cultivable land in and population and this proportion is fairly bdow the state outside the limits of the town, yet the locals admit _ flgure (31.86 percent). The male workers constitute ~hat the income from these lands hardly earns the title 50.28 percent of the total male population of the of the agricu1tural economy for the town. In fact, it town. Out of total main workers numbering 4 069 is one of the most important hill stations known for ~,894 are engag~d in other s_ervices. Similarly o~t of its climate rather than a generator of self economy. 1 ,O~l fema~e mam workers 849 are engaged in other The land is mountainous and hilly covered with thick SerVices WhlC~l amply establishes that the economy of forests which now form a part of gover'1ment propedy. the to\~n mamly depends upon service oriented jobs/ Paddy, wheat and maize arc being sown in some of profeSSions . . the nvailable terraces of land. Since Bri(i~hers' time, the town remained a service The proportion of m<1.in workers engaged as culti class town and settlers arc both from civil and the v:.I:)1'S is marginal (1<; ot'lly 92 m~11es pnd J28 females armv. The .1.pcij1ary activiti ~<; of comm-!rce aad trade have. been recorde.d as. cultivators. Traditionally, -in mostly depended upon th(" Magnitude of requirement all hill areas, speCially m Himachal Pradesh females of people e'lg'lged in 0tJ,~1" services. The town wit work sho.u~d.er to sho.ulder with males in all agricul nessed rervice oricl1ted activif~s dnrin~ tre first and tural ?Chvitres. DespIte Dhprmsala being an urban second world war'>. D ~cl~ring tr.c hC8da1]arters town 1)l::\ce, females feel shy to corne forward with their of the district and ~l1bse(lI.l"'ltlv Ma~iI1'T i~ a divi.c:ional male counterparts in the field of commerce and trade headquarters, the town got a pIlip to b("cClIT"e the abode 8'lcl their first preference after performing household _of government functionarie<; hotJt hi!lh an.d low and duties is to actively assist in agriculture. Only 4 at present it will not be out of relevpncr, to grade females were . reported engaged as agricultural Dharmsala as a town of r: Age-groups Workers Non·workers Total Population , __ .~ ___~.A.. ___, I ___~~ ____.A. _____, ,~---~-~~--j... _. -~.------., P M F P M F P M F -~ - ~ --~~- ~--~--- .. ~~--~ -~---'~-.-'--~" '~-~-'- .-.-----~. 234 5 6 8 9 10 --~--~------.--~------~.--- Below--10 271 145 125 271 146 125 10--14 4 4 127 66 6L 131 66 65 15 -19 21 12 9 117 50 67 138 62 76 20- 24 49 37 12 52 16 36 101 53 48 25~29 55 32 23 42 3 39 97 35 62 30 --34 59 41 18 25 2 23 84 43 41 35 39 6.1 41 23 25 25 89 41 48 40 --49 so 5S 44 2 42 124 57 67 50-59 7n 2D 25 3 22 95 53 42 21 7 ]4 38 23 15 (i5 I .'' 15 :~5 13 22 50 28 22 Tn[:il : 43.1 U5 784 308 476 1,218 607 611 SOURCE : Household Survey elata, 19S()-:ri'. The table reveals that in the 260 households the \vorkcrs and out of 611 females, 135 have been total population returned for town study comes to reported as workers. In terms of percentages the 1,218 persons; 607 males and 611 females .. Out of workers constitutes 49.26 among males and 22.09 I .218 persons, 434 persons were recorded as workers percent among females. which constitute 35.63 percent of the population under study. 784 persons have been reported as non-workers. I n all, 13 localities were selected to canvass house Out of 607 males, 299 males have been recorded as hold schedules, the details of which are given below: 'f.\BJ.E lY·3 IJ)('(liifl'lI'ise Pop ul{l ! ion {lnd Worker,~ Name of the locality No. of ~amplc house Population Total Workers ,.... _____....• _.A...____ , holds .-____.A.. ___ ~~_~_~. P M F P M F 2 4 5 6 7 8 ~ ~---~--~- ~~--~------~.--~------Dharmkot, Naeldi 2G 135 71 64 63 34 29 II Forsythganj, Bhagsun:lg 29 129 58 71 57 29 28 nr Mc1codganj. GamTOn 19 92 39 53 34 20 14 IV Sflllgam Park . 20 74 40 34 30 21 9 V Khajanchi Mahalia and Chaneler M<1r~ 14 73 33 40 23 18 5 VI Kotwali East . 23 128 66 62 43 38 5 VII Kotwali West 23 102 48 54 26 18 8 VlTl Arya Samaj Mandir Area & Gurdwara Road 2l 88 41 47 28 21 7 IX Chilgari Area 21 103 54 49 35 23 12 X Kachchri Area 11 68 29 39 20 16 4 XI Depot Bazar . 10 45 29 16 15 12 3 XII Civil Ljne~ Area 21 84 46 38 26 24 2 XIII Shaheed Smark Area 22 97 53 44 34 25 9 .Total 260 1,218 607 611 434 299 135. SOURCE: -Household Survey data, 1986·87. 23 Locality No. I-Dharmlwt and Naddi following table gives details of workers and non-( This localitiy comprises relatively backward area workers by age and sex for this locality : of the town situated beyond Bhagsullag. A ~ample of TABLE IV-5 26 households was taken from this locality which Wurlwrs lIlId NUIl- Wurkers by Age and Sex returned population of 135 persons. Out of 135 per ------sons, 63 were recorded is workers. and 72 as non Age-group Workers Non-workers workers. In this locality, 71 males were studied out r----.A..----, r--~..A-._--, of which 34 were workers and 37 as non-workers. P M F P M F Out of 64 females, 29 were reported as workers and 2 3 4 5 6 7 35 as non-workers which reveals that the proportion of female workers to total females is fairly high in BCltlW-10 29 19 10 the locality which can possibly be attributed to con 10- -14 21 9 12 centration of agrarian economy. The following table 15-19 3 3 9 8 shows the break-up of workers and non-workers by 20 -24 7 4 3 4 4 sex and age-group in this locality : 25 29 4 2 2 2 2 30-34 9 5 4 2 2 TABLE IV-4 35-39 7 5 2 1 40-49 10 3 7 Workers and Non-Workers by Sex and Age-group 50-59 J3 7 6 60---64 1 1 Age-group Workers Non-workers 65+ 2 2 2 2 lotul : 57 29 28 72 29 43 SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87 2 3 4 5 6 7 Locality No. IIi-Mdeodganj and Gamroo Area This locality covers primarily Mcleodganj area Below-10 . 42 21 2l and part of Gamroo village. 19 households were selected from this locality which returned a popula 10-14 • 2 2 12 9 3 tion of 92 persons (39 males and 53 females), 34 workers and 59 non-workers. Here also the propor 15-19 7 4 3 945 tion of workers and non-workers amongst males was reported almost 50 : 50. Amongst 53 females only 20-24 9 6 3 14 females were reported as workers and 39 as non workers. The following table gives the details of 25-29 7 3 4 workers and non-workers by sex and age in this locality: 30-34 11 6 S 1 TABLE IV-6 35-39 6 3 3 Workers and NOll-workers by Age and Sex 40-49 12 6 6 1 Age-group Workers Non-workers SO-59 6 4 2 60-64 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 4 567 65+ 121 Below-1 0 27 12 15 10-14 7 2 5 Total 63 34 29 72 37 35 15-19 2 2 9 4 5 20-24 5 4 1 SoURCE ; Household Survey data, 1986-87. 25-29 4 4 4 4 30-34 1 Locality No. II-Forsythganj and Bhagsungg- __ 4 3 35-39 5 4 1 This locality adjoins the areas of Dharmkot and 40-49 9 5 4 4 3 Naddi and 29 households we're selected from this locality with a total population -of 129 persons, males 50--59 3 2 1 being 58 and females 71. Out of 129 persons, 57 60--64 2 2 reported as workers and 72 as non-workers. Amongst 65+ 4 4 males, SO percent were reported as workers and 50 Total 34 20 14 58 19 39 percent as non-workers. In case of females, 2~ were - recorded as workers and 43 as non-workers. The SOURd: Household Survey data, 1986-87' _.24- T_ocalit~ No. IV-Sangam Parle t\I'C~1 Locality l'io. VI-KotwaJi. East From this locality 20 households were surveyed This locality falls almost in the heart of the town which Tcturned a population of 74 persons, (40 males covering the part of the Kotwali bazar. From this and 34 females). The working force amongst males locality 23 households were surveyed which returned comprised 21 and amongst females 9. l\s compared u population 01 128 persons, 66 males and 62 females. to loc ..dities T and II, the proportion of female workers I-Ullher out ot 66 males, 38 were returned as workers in locality No. III and 1V have been obscrwd- declin ~nd out ol 62 females only 5 were returned as workers. ing. The table given below gives age and scxwise " :lr .o""rs population partly of government detail of workel' :1nd non-workers in this locality L 'lployces and partly at those engaged in trade and commerce. The table below gives an insight of work TABLE TV-7 ing force by age and sex: Workers and NOli \Vorkers by Age ((lid Sex TABLE IV-9 Age-grollr Workers Vl'f)rkers Gild Non-workers by Age and Sex r ..A.. ---, r .A. .., p M F P lVl F I Jc-grollp Workers Non-workers ---, - --, 2 3 4 5 6 7 p F p M F Below ·10 14 I'> 6 2 3 4 S Ii 7 10- ·14 7 3 4 IS- -19 I I 1 '1 4 Belo\', -to . 29 15 14 20- ·24 3 j 2 ') 1 25- -29 3 1 2 J 3 II) ·14 11 6 5 15- ·19 3 3 9 3 6 30 -34 5 3 2 ?( 35 39 4 4 , ? 2' 5 5 11 3 8 40- 49 2 3 3 ?'i- ·29 8 6 2 5 5 S 3 10 50- -59 (, 5 1 1 ~4 7 6 I 3 3 60- -6r1 J I .15- 39 4 3 I 3 3 65 2 2 40- 49 7 (} 1 6 6 SO 'i9 5 5 3 3 60- 64 2 2 Total -:ro- 21 9 44 19 "5 2 2 65 r 2 2 3 2 SOURCE : Household Survey data.1986-87. Total 43 38 5 85 28 S7 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. I,orality ~o. V-Khajanchi ]\'Iohalla and Chmldcr Marg Area ~ ,{)ca'lity No. VU-Kotwali WeSlt This locality is mostly inhabited by government Thil> locality covers Kotwali-West and its adjoinincr employees. A sample of 14 households was taken from areas. al~d socia-economic characteristics of this locality 111is locality. Out of 73 persons, 23 were recorded as arc slmllar to those of Kotwali east. From this locality workers, 50 as non-workers. The proportion of male :1 s~mple of 23 households was taken which returned workers in this locality is more than 50 percent of d population of 102 PJ!rsons, (48 males and 54 the total male population as out of 33 males 18 have fl'males). The proportion of working males and females bel'n recorded as main-workers. Out of 40 females, i. comparatively low in this locality. Out of 48 males only 5 females -were reported as workers. The table 18 were reported as workers and out of 54 female~ below gives further details by sex and age about the (1nJy 8 wrre reported as workers, working population of the locality: Al:_!c and scxwise details of workers and non4Vorkers in this locality arc given in the table below: TARLE IV-R TABU; IV-lO Wnrkers Gild Nnll-workers by (//!(! alld S'ex JVorkers alld NOli-workers by Age alld Sex <\gc-!!rOUP Worker~ Non-worker --- _.A.. __ -...., Age-group Workers Non-workers , -""\ r-' ~_ -A..- --...., -A..-----., p M F P 1\1 F ,.- ,-- P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 ---5 6 7 Below- JO • 19 5 14 Below -10 . 18 6 12 10- -14 (, 4 2 lO 14 J1 6 5 15- 19 3 :3 4 3 1 15 19 10 6 4 20- 24 3 2 1 3 J 2 20- ·24 4 'J 2 4 2 2 25-29 2 I I 4 4 2S- 29 4 4 4 I 3 iO- -34 5 3 2 4 3 30- 34 1 1 3 :3 35 1'1 4 3 1 2 2 35- 39 7 3 4 3 3 40- 49 3 3 ,10 49 5 5 5 I 4 50- -59 1 I 1 50- -59 4 3 4 1 3 60- 64 ? 2 60- -64 6 3 3 (j~ 2 2 5 4 65· 8 4 4 Total 23 18 5 50 15 35 Telal 26 18 8 76 30 46 ------SOURCE' Household Survey data. 1986-87. Sounr" Household Survey data, 1986-87._ ---- "5 Locality No. VIU.Arya Samaj Mundfr and Gurdwnra Loculi!·y No. X--Kachelui \.l'en Road This lu.:ality comprises areas around district courts The locality also falls in the heart of the town and a: 1 Lower Dharmsala and bus stand. A sample of <:djoins the 111ain Kotwali bazar. A sample of 21 l~nus(.' 11 households was taken from this locality which holds covering population of 88 persons (41 males rClufTlcd a population of 68 persons, 29 males and and 47 females) was surveyed in this locality out of 39 females. Out of 29 males, 16 males were recorded which 21 males and 7 females were reported as ~orkers. a::. workers which is more than 50 percent of total Age and sexwisc break-up is as under: male population. However, out of 39 females only 4 were rcported as workers. This area is dominated TABLl; IV- 11 by government employees. Workers alld NOll-workers by Age alld Sex The age and sexwise break-up of working force is ---- - given as under: Age-group Workers TAIlLE IV -13 , ____.A..--, ,_ _.A.._ ""\ Workers lI"d NOli-workers by 4ge and Sex P M F P M f I\gc-g JUp Workers Non-workers 2 3 4 5 6 7 ,- _--. _.-_ _..A..__~ P M F P M F elow -10 13 8 5 13 2 3 4 5 (, 7 10- 14 13 7 G 15- 19 1 10 3 7 Below 10 16 7 9 20-- -24 1 1 8 2 6 1 25- -29 1 I 1 10- 14 3 2 30- -34 2 'i 19 9 1 8 2 3 3 20- 74 1 35-39 6 .3 3 4 4 1 1 I 25- 2() 4 3 5 5 40--49 6 6 5 5 30- 14 50--59 8 5 .3 .1 1 4 4 3 2 60-- -64 35- 39 I 1 I 1 65-1 3 3 2 2 40- 49 2 2 4 4 50- -59 3 I 2 1 2 GO -64 3 3 3 J Total 28 21 7 60 20 40 65 1 1 2 1 ------SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. Tolal 20 16 4 48 13 35 SOURCE. Household Survey data, 1986-87. Locality No. IX-Chilgari Area 'LIlC .• 1UY l";c. I--Depot Bazar This locality primarily represents Gorkha settlers A sample of 10 households with a popUlation of and government employees. A sample of 21 house 45 was taken from -this locality, (29 being males and holds was taken from this locality whieh comprised Hi females). Out of 45 persons, 15 were returned as the population of 103 persons. As many as 35 were workers and 30 as non-workers which shows that 33 reported as workers and 68 as non-workers. ~mongst peTcent of the population is economically active. males 23 out of 54 were recorded _as workers and Amongst males, 12 were reported as workers out of out of 49 females, 12 were reported as workers. .29 and out of 16 females 3 were reported as workers. The further break-_up of workers and non-workers by TABLE IV-12 sex and age given as under: Workers alld NOli-workers by Agealld Sex TABLE IV-14 Age-group Workers_ Non-workers Workers aud NOll-workers by Age alld Sex ,-- _ ___A._~ ,-- -.A..- Age-group Workers Non-workers P M F P M ,_ ---A. __ --, ,_ -.A.._-, P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 Below-10 • 24 16 8 Below- 10 12 8 4 10- 14 10 5 5 15--19 9 5 4 to---14 5 5 20---24 1 1 5 2 3 15- -19 2 2 25-29 5 4 1 5 -l- 4 20-- -24 2 2 2 1 30-34 5 3 2 4 4- 25- -29 4 2 2 1 1 35-39 8 5 3 1 1 30- 34 2 2 40-49 6 3 3 5 5 35- -39 2 1 1 50--59 8 5 3 3 1 2 40-- -49 2 2 1 1 60-64 2 2 1 1 50-59 2 2 2 2 65+ 1 1 60-64 1 1 1 1 65- 3 3 Total 35 23 12 68 31 37 Total 15 12 3 30 18 12 ------SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. SOURCE : HOusehold Survey data, 1986-87. Locality No. XII-Civil Lines Area 1n totality a populatien of 1,218 persons in 260 This being the posh locality of the town comprising ~;uuscllUlds taken from various localities covering. of advocates, government officers and other dignitaries. almost all segments of the lown. Tbr: survey population The households covered under the survey also includes comprises 8.39 pcn:ent of the population of 1981 government employees. 21 households with a popula·· C~nsLls ami the households covered from 7.64 percent tion of 84 persons (46 males and 38 females) were 01 the 3,404 total households. The entire data discussed surveyed in this area. The proportion of male workers and aI1alys.;d in this report are· based 011 survey has been reported more tliall 50 percent whereas the reStlIl::; based on 260 households with a population of proportion of females is lowest in this locality as 1,21 (:) persons, (607 males and 611 females). rcported from all other localities of the town as only 2 females have been reported as workers out of 38, -~. , -, J' ''' .• - '.' •• , I:..' ~},l.I'>;j'~ ~ i.'~: 'Ll:!, {;. 1'1 Ol'.i~wg i: OilCC ~)j' r"gC tmn .::leX amongs,l which shows that the females belonging to well to do i~.. ~~.~~:;.i:~· ~,-_u\\,j~jp~~ families still prefer to be in the household activities. The following table throws further light on the work A lurthc.r cli.!ssiiication of V{OrKCrS and non-workers ing force in this locality by sex and age: (_l( sdcckd :,umplc households by broad age, sex (Ufc:~"t TU'LT: IV-15 ,:a;c ;,:;,t CLt:!lic groups rcveab that 29 castes! comnlll1lilics were covered in the survcyed households. H 7ori:cr:" 01:(} _tVe/?-I, 'oJ'lu'-,i',r.,,' hy Age (flld I.'·ex AgC-";HlJP \V~)f~..;r:; Non-workers ,-.- -,'._ -----..... r- _------.A.."'--- ______.. AppC!ldix iablc~7 gives distributiol1 of both workers P ;\,1 F P M F and 1100- WO, kef" by rJigratioll status with reference l, 3 4 5 6 7 to place of lase residcnce, broad age-group and sex _-----"_- .--- --_ ~- --_._------IVi run~\ :,ilci Illb~:n arc,as scpar~itc]y. Out of 434 total Below-~"IO [0 7 3 WO'k<:fS,.~' 1.'; 1 pei'cent have been reported in the age 10" -14 9 3 i) 15---! 9 [6 8 g gWlIp (If }5---,'~~1 years. Only 32 workers (31 males 20 -24 (, (, 4 I ] a~d 1 tem~IL,) _ha~e been reported in the age-group 25-29 2 2 3 I 2 60 yell'S. ~)!ilJllany out of 784 non-workers 398 30-"-34- "2 2 ~ have bC,1l reported in the age-group of 0-14 years 35-39 -' 1 2 4 4 40--49 7 7 6 6 and 5~ 111, age-group of 60 + .330 persons (76 males 50--59 4 4 4 3 and 254 lcmaJes) have been recorded as non-workers 60----64 [ 1 65+ I 'in the ~cof]~)jnically actiye age-group of 15-59 years. The migratIOn status WIth reference to last residence Tolal 2~) 21 2 51\ 22 3(1 rewa Is that overwhelming majority of both males and -~-.~~------_-- SQURC[ HOU:3c!wki Surwy daw. 1986-87. ~e~n:lcs amongst migrant and non-migrant population tall In the age-group of 15-59 years and majority of Locality No" XHi--Slu.hecti Smark Area non-workers both amongst males and females have This area comprises of part of civil lines, education been recorded in the age~group of 0-14 years. board coJo~v ,mct Shaheed Smark area and is the gateway to the tOVit1 while coming from Kangra by Appcl~dix table-8 given here depicts workers and road. A sample of 22 households was covered in this non-worKCfS by mother tongue, sex and educational area which :recorded a population of 97 per~ms', levels. The mother tongue data has been tabulated in (53 males and 44 females). Out of 53 males, 25 were respce~ .of 11 categories. Majority of them speak of reported as workers and out of 44 females 9 were Kangn l.C. 173 workers (128 males and 45 females) reported as workers. The further break~up by age and and J26 non-workers (129 males and 197 females). sex is given as under: Persons who have Punjabi as their mother tongue with 208 persons (63 workers and 52 males and 11 females TABLE rV-16 and 145 non-workers 43 males and 102 females) have ______n • Workers______alld Non-workers by Age and Sex b~en ranked second. The third ranking goes to Hindi Age-group Workers Non-workers , __ -.A. ___--, WIth 186 persons (68 workers 51 males and 17 females ,----'------, and 128 non-workers 50 males and 78 females). P M F P M F ---~---~------~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Employment Status of Workers Below-lO 18 14 4 10-14 12 5 7 15-19 10 5 5 Empl.oyment s~atus of workers in respect of sample 20-24 2 2 7 3 4 populatlOn localIty and sexwise is depicted in the 25-29 7 3 4 4 4 appendix table-9. 30-34 2 2 1 1 35-39 7 5 2 2 2 40-49 (j 4 2 3 3 50-59 7 6 1 3 3 Scheduled Caste "'Tork(.~rs and Non-Workers 60-64 2 2 2 2 65+ 1 1 1 Scheduled Castes arc further classified as workers and non~workcrs. Out of 1,375 persons 470 persons Tola! 34 25 9 63 28 35 ------, _._-- -.. ------.- were returned as workers, 10 as marginal workers and SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986·87. 895 as non~workers. 27 TM1LF lV-17 fonowed by Forsythganj, Bha[s~m- g 1~/t1:1 28 employees Schedul::d Casics l'opuiul!ull ctassiji;:d by Workers alld NOIl (18 l1uIes and 10 females), 2~ CIT, ploYG'~s each have Workers been recorded from Kotwali wcs ,,1(1 ~11a~Je~'d Samarak - -- ._ ------localities. The employees 2fC 2precd 0\ er in t~1e whole P Nt F town. -- _... -. ->_ - ----, 2 3 4 Single- \VorJ.::.~rs have b(,(,11 reco¥dcd ill all the 10ca lilies of the town and account tor 91 pc"sons (79 males 'lota! POf'lll"ll on 1,175 /5'/ (J I g and 12 females). Family worker', ('o~~stitl'te a small Cultiv}'_[ol~ . 22 Ig 4 number i.e. 49 persons (40 ma]c& aId 9 females). In LaDOUlCl"S 10 9 j AgricuL u,-n I the category of cultivators 48 per~ons have been • J-lousd,old I o1Jli~try 15 lS Other Workers ·+23 348 75 recorded (8 males and 40 females), having their COll Margina! Workers 10 5 5 centration in Dharm1,ot, ~addi IU( 1Ii~i'<; (5 males and N on·worhrs 395 362 533 24 females) followe9 by T.."C'rwthQ;an i. Bhagsunag locality with 11 females. 5 fc l"k ~ i11 this category SOURr F. (tT li~ 1I It.d.a· IlJ81 S.::ries 7, Parl·}1 B. also J;ave been returned from Mdcodf!atlj, Gamroo locality. It shows that agricultural activhies are mostly The abov~ data reveals that 34.91 percent of the carried out in these localities and female nembers scheduled ca~tc population is economically a~tive. The were mainly engaged in the 2grlclll111f"tl activities., No correspollding figure for the total population of the workers have been returned in th ('a1(''':ory of Agncul town stands rt 35.76 percent. The participation rate tllral hbourer. Classjfi!~:11io" pf '-', "v,i<;e wor~{ers bv of the Scheduled C.stes is abnormally high in the employment status and cast,/Hbe/commnnity is category of other workers as out of 480 workers depicted in appendix tpblc-l0 (inc!uding: margmal \vOl kers) 423 have been reported t' i, culc~rt'J'\ (,lI"a'Tcd~.... ,__' in .._ .J which constitutes 30.76 per- In a sample of 260 househoJri~ c()verin~ a popula cent of th.: 'otnl pop.ll"ttion of the Sc11Cdnlcd Castes. tion of 1.218 persol"f. there \.,c~(' ")() ca:;;k/communi The population rcportl.'d as cultivators, agricultural tics and of them R1jonl ')f'C0l111t for 11le hh~hcst number labourers ~Jl1d e.wagcd in household industry is fairly of worhrs (87 males and S-l· fCll1'1ks) followed by 10'IN. HOWi'wr, tht;. nO~l-workeis among the Scheduled Brahmins (69 males 3rd 28 ff'nalcs). Tibct811S who Castes mak' G sizeabk chunk and constitute 65.09 have settled in the tow., dllri 1fT tIle last few decades percent of the Scheduled Caste population. OCCUpy third position with 48 worLcrs (24 rach mnks and females). Khatri :lCC01'nt fer 36 ncrsons (31 Srhe.f~l'~.:q 'fl'ib('s ma1c~ ::n'd 5 females), B~hYjikj 16 p"r<'.on~ (12 males Scheduled Trib0's p(,pulation in Dharmsala town nnd tJ f!'1'1ales). In other Cq'.tC'/cnn'ttl11Piti"" tlwrc were fewer nC1'son8. I accordin.g to 19S 1 C(~n';us is only 16 with equal l111mba of 111'11 .,; clnd females, ro persons belonging to the Scheduled fribcs have been reported as literates Fl'rthc-r c];1ss;ncatiofl ·;)f w )rle r~ h.r h nc ()f occuon- out of which t vere malns and 6 females. Only one hi!' <1'v1 di~faj1cl' fn"lm pl'1('" ',"rrk hv l"-(':,litv j<; person bc]on"j 'f! to the Scheduled Tribe was reported ,< iV(T in Arpcndi~~ t;11)].> 11 as main wOlleT in 1"c c'1tcgorv of "odler workers", and 11, l'c~t f t~l 'i )plll,1 tintl . ]':l'; heen rC'lortcd HS Tn r,lr'lTl1Jwt 1Jld N rjrli 1(' "l'f'" nr-~dy )'() per nOIl'-wO":CCl's. cent workers are cultivators pfl(l the-ir place of work is within the distance ral1P'~ of 3 bns The remain ing catcgory of workers we r " mostly llnskiHed whose place of work is less th(111 1 km. a'ld between 1 to Out of a tot 1 11lvtycd population of 1,218 persons, 3 kms_ There are 10 persons engr["cd in small busi (nIl') there wert' nnJcs flom 8 localities who were ness and their phcc of WI)+ is betwel"n ]ess than n'-, _1 emplovef'; '.,,0 highf'st amon[" them has been 1 KJ1' ? pcJ 1 t) ~ 1 n'~_ ~'" 't .)1" !)") nl' nt, N'10di rcttlrllcd 1'1'(\111 P 1 ?mkct, Naddi 10cality i.e. 3. This localily is mainly inhCl.b·ted by ar'Ticu1turists, un locality ryf th 1 1 vn if ftmotely situated 2nd there ski1led manual workers and S'):'11(" arc carrying small arc C0'1tracfGi~ ,,' ') h'1vc el1ga~ed labourers in the business like tea shops and sr1a1] mlrchllndise goods. slate quarries for r+iscJin!!. stones and managing the mules fnr traT' .'1' .. ~ It;m. Tn otht"f localities there arc Forsythganj and p'haQ"~ut1'1).Y Inc ali ic') have return mostly .,h n p1[ '.·n "(' ,]"(.,r) 'lave emoloycd servants to ed 57 workers, of these 11 pl'r~OJ1s are cultivators mn tl' :ir 1) --: '\,'<;< 1\<; workers. who have th"ir p1a 'P (f w' ~J within the range of three knIs. Skilled M" 11,,,1 v' TABLE IV"t_8 - • Distribution of Households by Employment Depth (I.e. Number of workers In the HousehoTtl) ----. Number or lfou~ehold~ by size and number of ar!ult~ havin~ nllmber of workers noted in col. 1 --A. • Number of workers in the_ r- Household 11! Households 1-3 4-6 7-10 11 & abQvo 2 3 4 5 --6 Nil 15 9 6 (181-.. (18) 1 122 47 63 9 t (79) (190) (32) (10) 2 82 23 43 14 .2 (S4) (125) (64) (14) " 3 26 1 15 10 (3) (61) (55) 4 5 1 2 2 (4) (8) (17) ~ 8 1 5 / '2 (6) (30) (16) 6 2 2 (12) Total 260 80 131 ~2 7 (154) (404) (201) (57) ------SOURCE : Hou~ehold 'Survey d'\ta. 1986-87. Note: Number of aJ!llt5 :lr~ 5'1) V1 in t'1~ rnra,tl-t'.!si5. Number of Workers by type of OccuIfation and family workres and 48 cultivators. Female participa Employment Status ,. tion is significant in the -category of employees i.c. 74 out of 234 and 4:0 as cultivators 0)J~ 9f. 48. Purther break up 'of establishments by nature of employment status is depicted in Appendix table-13. Unemployment The entire working force of the surveyed popula tion 'comprising of 43"4 persons were engaged in vari Out of a total of 260 households there are 197 ous tvpes of economic activities. Majoritv of workers househ01ds who have atleast one member each un i.e., 48 :-vere engageg in clutivation. These persons emploved. Barring the age group of 0-14 there were were 1namlv found in the 'Onoer ate a of Dharm!-ala only 47 persons (23 males and 24 female_s) seeking sl1ch as Naddi. Dharamkot. BhagsunaQ:. Dasalan att._d employment and of them maiority i.e. 32 perllons Gamroo which have still maintained their rural' were in the age group of 15-24, 11 in the age group c11ara:cteristics. Slate mine la bnnrers nnmbering 12 of ~5~34 and insignificant number in the remaining were aJ~o from these localities. Majoritv of the workers age-groups. bavl': report('(l thl':ir occJmQtion pither lY(1vernment Locality wise number of households with un seiv;c~- oi"-fraot-; Ihl1<;iTle~<;. Tn nut s'hpl' tw('lve nersons employed and persons seekin!!: work by age-group and are employers, 234 employees, 91 single workers, 49 sex is given in the table IV-19 below ; 19~ 9'l·Vl'TSt20DC')(;:('.P.) 4 V-l~ Persons·Seekfng Employment by Age-group and_Sex Locality Persons. seeking employment by age-group ,.~~~ ______-4' _____ ~ ~ ______~ ______~ 25-34 35-49 -50...!.059 "60=t- TOtal ,_._A..__ -"") ,__.A.__ ...... ------A-~ ·r--A.~ •.-_~_A.. __..... P M F P M F P M F P M F P -M F _ -.. 1-. 13 14 "15 • -16 '17 18 19 '"20 ""21 22 '23 24 25 26 27 Ward No.1 1. (a) Dharmkot 1 1 1 1 (b) NadQi Ward No.2 _ _ 2. (a) Fodythganj -~ - - 3 • 1 2 (b) Bhagsunag Ward No.3 3. (a) McleodgaI\i (b) Gamroo Ward No:o,' - - 4, S~Park - 2 1 1 Ward No. ,. S. (a)- KhajancnrMohaIla . 2 1 1 - - 4 2 2 (b)-Chandet Marg .. Ward No. l) 6; I{:otwaltwest 3 3 - 9 , 1 S Ward No.7 , -' 7. Kotwali East 3 1 2 1 1 . S 3 2 .... Ward No.8 8, (a) Arya Samaj ...... ,_ 4 2 2 (b) Gurdwlra'Road ... Wtird No.9 ~ 4 9. Chilgari' 1 1 --, - 1 Ward No. 10 10. Kachehri Adda 1 1 Word No. 11 11. Depof'Bazar - 1 - _- Ward No. 12 12. Civil [fues 1 1 1 1 4 - 4 ward No. 13 - 13. Shaheed Smark . 1 1 - 1 1 8 3 , Total 11 4 7 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 47 ~3 24 "'--- SoUllCB : Household S\lfve)' data. 1986-87. '1 91·M/SllODCO(R.P.) ~4(a) Persons seeking employment by religion and dura years and 20 and above i.e. 36 persons out of 47. tion of stay in the town by sex is shown in table IV- Table IV-22 shows that 44 of these persons as many 20. Out of 47 persons seeking employment, 44 are as 44 belong to Himachal Pradesh. Analysing them Hindus, one Buddhist and 2 Sikhs. Castewise break further by migration status we find that 24 are non up and duration of stay in the town of persons seek migrant and 13 belong to Kangra district. There is a ing employment is given in Table IV-21. It will be sprinkling of the rest of them from other places as seen from this table that majority of them fan in the revealed from Table IV-23. category of those whose durMion of stay is 10-19 TABLE TV-?O Persons Seeking Employment by Religion and Duration of Stay in the Town by Sex Person seeking employment by duration of stay and sex Religion Less-than 1 year 1-3 vears 4-S years r-~----' r---_____.A. p M F P M F P M p' 1 2 3 4 5 6. 7 8 9 10 Hindu 4 3 1 4 3 1 Buddhist Sikh Total 4 3 4 3 1 SOUltCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. Persons seeking employment by duration of stay and sex Religion .A. 6-9 years 10-19 years 20 +years Total r-----"- A.. ___----, p OM F - P l'QI' F P M F P M F 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Hincfu 3 1 2 11 7 - 4 22 7 IS 44 21 23 Buddhist 1 1 1 Sikh 2 2 2 2 ..... Total 3 2 ]2 7 5 24 9 15 47 23 24 TABLE IV-21 Persons Seeking Employment by Caste/Tribe/Community and Duration of Slay In the Town - Persons seeking employment by duration of Stay Caste/Tribe/Community .-- Less than I year 4-S years --A-___--. 1-3 years r-- r------A. p M F P M F P M F' 2 ------_.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. Rajput 2 2 2 2 ""'" 2. B?abmin -1 1 1 ...... 1 3. Tibetan' ..... 4. Khatri 1 1 1 5. B'alhliki - 6. Mahajan ..... 7. Ghirith ~ 8. Jat ..... - 9. Kabirpanthi 10. Chamar - 11. ltaistha 12. Phcrera. Total 4 3 1 4 3 1 SQl)~~E i House4olcl Survey data, 19?6-87: 32 Persons seeking emyJoym:nt by duration of stay Caste/Tribe/Community --"------6-9 years 10-19 years 20 +years Total -----. ,------"---~ ,---__...._---, ,------'- P M F P M F P M F P M F 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1. Rajput 2 1 1 1 8 2 6 - 15 7 8 2. Brahmin 1 1 3 2 1 4 3 1 10 6 4 3. Tibetan- - 1 1 1 1 4. Khatri 1 1 5 1 4 8 3 5 5. Balmiki 1 1 1 1 6,- Mahajan 2 2 2 2 7r Ghirith 1 ..... 1 1 8. Jat 1 1 1 1 9, Kabirpanthi 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 10. Chamar 1 l' .... 1 1 11. Kaistha -I 1 2 2 3 3 12'0 Pherera 1 1 1 1 Total 3 1 2 12 7 5 24 9 15 47 23 24 Persons seeking Employment by State of Origin, Sex and Duration of Sfay in the Town Persons seeking employment__...._ by duration of stay State to which the ~------person beloO&S Less than 1 year 1-3 years 4-5 years _ '-_--- - _- r---~,r----~------~ ---A ---. P M F P M F P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 /9 10 1. Himachal Pradesh 4 3 1 4- , - 3 1 2. Delhi 3. Tibet --_ 4. Nepal Total 4 3 1 4 3 1 SonCB: Household Survey data, 1986-87.- Persons seeking employment__..... by duration of stay State to which the ,--- ~ person belonp 6-9 years 10-19 years 20 +years TotaL ,-__.-A..-.~ rr-- r- A.. .p M F- P M F P M F P M F 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1. Himachal Pradesh 3 1 2 10 7 3 23 9 14 44 23 21 2. Delhi - I 1 1 1 3. ',I'ibet - I 1 1 1 4. Nepal 1 1 I 1 ___ .3 12 - .7 5 24 9. 15 47 - 23. 24 ~ ..... 'Total_ .1 2 . -- 33 Persons Seeking Employment by Sex, last Residence and Duration oj Stay in the Town Persons seeking employment by duration of stay and seX Last residence of the person r -----. ,-----A.Less than 1-___ year ---. ,--"--1-3 years 4-+5 years -P- M F P M F. P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A. Noa·Migranf S'. • • • B. Migrant: Last residence out side the Town but withi.ii brill'. :. I. Kangra • (a) Rural (b) Urban n. Last residence outside the distnct but within the state; . n. qiamba ". • (a) R-ural (b) Urban m.]himla _. (a) Rural (b) Urban IV. Hamirpur -'~ (a) Rural (b) Urban Ill. Last residence outside the State but within the COUlltty I. Punjab_ (a) Rural (b) Urban ll. Jammu & Kashmir (a) Rural (b) Urban m. Delhi Urban lV. Uttar Pradesh • (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 1 Last residence outside the country I. lIong Kong 2 2 ll. Zambia 1 1 Total 2 4 1 1 4 3 1 Souaes: Household Survey data. 1986-87. Pers~l1s seeking.emI'loyme(if by duration of stay and sex r ----- ... 6-9-years- 10-19 years - Laslresidence-o£Jhe-person 20+years ,----.A.Total__ ' --.. ~ r-----A------. ~ P - M F P M F P -' M- F 11-. M- -F :a._ .~} iJ., 1 12 H 14- - 15 16- 17 -18 19 20 21·. ... -.,2,2' ~ A Non-Migrant. -. . ~ - S- 2 -3 19 8 11 24- JO~~f4 B Migrant Last resid.enpe out side.·the Town but within-Distt. I. Kangra • (a) Rural 1 1 4 4 4 -1 S. 10.J~,6-::: 4 (b) Urban 1 1 1 1 3 3 ll. Last residence outside the district but within tho state. ll. Chamba (a) Rural 1 1 1 1 (b) Urban m. Shimla (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 1 lV. Hamirpur . (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 1 1 1 Ill. U§t""l'e$raence outslde tHe Statnllt withilCtlrc - country I.~njab-- -, . (a)-Rural. - -_- .... -- (b) Jlrban "- I 1 ..... ll. Jammu&-Kashmir- (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 1 1 1 m. Del~ . Urban 1 - .1 1 1 lV:Vttar .. aoesh -(a) Rural - (b) Urban 1 Last residence cmtside the country I. Hong Kont 2 2 ll. ~ambia -J - 1 1 Total 3 1 2 12 --7- S 24 15 47· 23 24,- r .9 _#' --34 Appmdia,;tablOJ 14.'rdepiets numl1er;t·of::"hdIF.workers the employmenr excnange is given in appendix table se8ilDg .~mp1oyment'iby~ oroaa a~t:-g!'uup, st:x ,uJ.U 17. Out or 47 persons tnere were ..oql~ 9 persons .who nalure of acuvlty. Out·'oi :nS4 nun-wurM-1S ')~4 wt:re were not reglsleied Willi employment exchange j but in the category ot students anu hOusellOld aULy. 3g seekmg employment were r~lstered with 'the em-' DependentS r1l4, infants 15, disabled :l, retueuj pen ploym~nt exchange. Number of persons. ~ seeking sioners ,22. In the age-,group 15-24 i.e. stuut:nts employment by educational level, sex and marital status, there ,were- 7 non-worKelS wno were seeklng- ernph>y is revealed from appendix table-lB. Majority of these metlt;·!n th~;bext .categoi)' I.e., 1l0USenO!o umy ~1Jtre persons i.e. 36 were unmarried and J 1 were married. were ;() 'females see.lWlg emplOyment. LJ.( tnese WHO are"retiretlfpensioners there are- only 3 males seekmg Un-employment Depth employment. Remaining 33 persons seekmg employ Dfstribution of households by unemployment depth ment-'fall urthe'category of unemployed. (number of unemployed in the household) is given Total:. number of 'petsons seeking employment for in table IV-24. Out of 260 households th~r~ is no the.:,first::tllne"hby .age, 'sex .and euucauonal level is unemployed person (including those who are se~ldng giYen::m:;appendix. rtable I No',. 15. Out of "42 persons work) in 63 households. In 93 households, there is (19 l!lates;;and 123: female&) III ot, 'TABLE IV-24 DistribJltion'JJl Households by Unemployment Depth (Number 0/ unemployed in the Househotrl) Number of Households by size and number of adults having number. of non-workers'" Nutn~of' u'aiCrnP1oye 1 2 3 4' 5 6 ¥ ,,- Nil . 63 35(52) 2~(48) 6(26) _1' 1 91" 34(74) 51(134) 8(25) 2 SO 9(22) 31(107) 9('4-1)- 1(7) 3 34 2(6)_ 21(86) 11(63) 4 13 5(23) 6(27) 2(t7) 5 6 1(6} 2«(3) 3(23) 6 _. 7 8 9 1 1(10) Total 260, 80(154) 131(404) 42(201) 7(57) SowCs : tIousehold Suriey data: 1986-8,. N_: AdditHrnhown in the 'pirol1thelis." 35 J£stablishments of the State Government Post and Telegraph dep~rt ment has a full fledged office the _Superinten Particulars In respect of various establishme~lts such 6~ Sen~or as eating houses, tea stalis, sweetmeat snops, tll<.ldy. <.lent oj: Post OlliCl!> at Dl1armsala. . arrack and alcohollc liquor etc .. were coHe\':li,:d dunng the survey. The intormation is compiled and gIven 1U Apart from this, Dharms~la has grown il~ impo~ appendIX tables 19 and 20. tance after the influx of TIbetan refugees. ill IndIa since 1960. The p;cturesque surroundings or Mcleod Trade and .Commerce ganj-a small rural village rose from its rural obliyion to international importance' when it was made the Details of trade and commerce establishments sho,,{ temporary headquarters of his. Holines.s the Dalai ing level (distribution agenCIes wnolesale/ retaIl), type Lama. The Tibetans hold Dalal Lama m great reve ot establlshment in broad categones wlth relerellce ranee and streams of devotees from various .parts of to commodities dealt wall area WHere rnamly COllCen India and abrcJ.d visit this pl:1ce. It has attamed the trated, apprOXImate number and volume is given in status of a pilgrim centre for the Bud~hist.s a.s it the appendix table-21. serves the purpose of their strength and m~plratlOn. rourists from India and the Western countnes come Dharmsala being the divisional and district head ,here to study the Tibetan culture and their way of quarters' toW!! also serves as the retail and wholesale life. The high altitude, cool and f~vourable w~ather commercial centre for the local populatIOn as well as have contributed towards the creatlOn of a TIbetan the adjoining villages' population. environment. -Mcleodganj today pul~ates w~th a Tibetan atmosphere and life is basically TIbetan 1D character. It will be seen from the given table that commerce The little bazar of Mcleodganj is humming with act! and trade establishments are fairly spread over in vity throughout the day and visitors of diff~rent ethmc various localities of the town. The Karyana and other groups including foreigners are. around establishments have returned the maXImum number foun~ go~ng and looking at Tibetan shops WIth cunouslty. i.e. 53, and second place is occupied by general merchandise with 46 establishments iollowed by Pan Biri and cigarettes (33 shops), embrOIdery and tailor I&dustrlal Establishments ing (32 shops), vegetables and textiles have 26 and , There are no large scale industries in the to~n. 27 establishments respectively. i, However some small establishments where, manufac i" t~ring, p~ocessing, servicing and repair work o~ com Wholesale trade in foodgrains was carried out by I mon use articles are found in the town (Appe~dIX; 22). one establishment and its volume of trade as estimated The detailed particulars of some of the establishment_s was to the tune of about Rs. 20 lakils approxImately. are as follows. 26 establishm.wts of yegetable sellers are located in Kotwali Bazar, Mcleodganj and CivIl Lmes localities. .In addtion, some of the people are selling the vege 'Tibetan Handicmft Celitre tables oil- the pavements. Similarly, other establlsh ',' The centre is situat~d in Meleodganj. It ma~ufac- ments such as 11sh, meat and eggs, bread and bu;cUlts, 'tures fine carpets of various sizes, woollen tIbetan readymade garments, conslrUCLlon material, sanitary jackets, costumes, ladies aprons, shoes, h~nd bags, fittings, paints and hardware, metallic utencils, earthen shoulder bags, purses, weddings and !?reetmg ca~ds. pots, glass and crockery, furniture, gold and silver It is one of the important self suppor!mg enterpnses ornaments, shoemakers, medical store, books and manned by highly skilled weaver~, tnmmers, expert stationery, haircutting and drycleaning are fairly designers, spinners, rewilld~rsl tailors and.. .thangka._ distributed in Kotwali Bazar, CIvil Lines and Mcleod painters of tib~tan commulllty. ganj areas which have a thick concentration of popula tion and hum with economic activities. Tibflt Photo Service Important Public Offices It collects and preserves all available photographi.c records of important pl~ces 'and 'perso?ages of tradI Government and semi-government institutions consti tional Tibet and of offiCIal ev:ents 1D eXIle. 1t also sells tute an integral part of the town and one of the impor photographs of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and tant factp~s of the growth of the town. Its main other revered lamas. population comprises of employees and their families. The main elite of Dharmsala are government offices Pdnting PreSses and officials. The offices are spread over in Civil There are two printing presses in· Dharmsala for Lines locality, Kotwali Bazar area, Chari Road, Chil Tibetan Language Publications. "I;'he Ti~et£ln cultural gari, Cantt. Road, Chamunda Mata Road and Kala Printing Press in Dharmsala has been pnntlD~ a lar&e Bridge area. Most important among the offices are number of text-bJoks for Tibetan schools III India Divisional Commissioner's Offioe, Deputy Commis alld reprints Tibetan stories and fl'lk tales. It h~s sioner's office, Chief Engineer (B&R), Chief Engi also an office at Delhi where, large nUl!1ber. of Bud.dhlst neer (I&PH), Distt. & Session Judge, Dy. Inspector scriptures for which there is a growmg mternatlOnal General of Police, Supdt. of Police, Chief Medical market are br:ing printed. Officer, Conservator of Forests, It. Director of Horti culture and Divisional Commandant, Home Guards The other Press is in Mde,'dganj. It prints Sheia etc. Besides these, there are all the district level offices a monthly magazine in the Tibetan ·l~nguage and an assorment of books and pamphlets for {he Tibetan Land reading publi~. Agriculture or horticulture is not the mainstay of thl': town dwellers. It is an accepted nOrm that majority Tibetan Art and Metal Craft Training Centre of the population in the urban areas should not be engaged in agriculture which is predominantly a rural This centre was started in 1977 and is situated below characteristic in Our country. Dharmsala is not aq the central Tibetan Sectt. The centre is one of the f2-fe exception in this respect. Its main populat!o_!l is engag institutions where the traditional art and metal works ed in services and business activities. From the study of Tibet are taught. of a sample Qf 260 households it reveals that there wl~re 47 households who possess agricultural or horti Students under apprenticeship are in image making, cultural land inside the town or within 2-3 Kms. from thangka type of paintings and as gold and silver the outer periphery of the town. srilfths. The course for metal craft is of nine years an,51 Table g\ven below depicts the localitywise break for wood carving for 5 years. up of 47 households. TABU IV-2S Households In possession of Agricultural or Horticultural Land InJfde Town or within 2kms. from outer Periphery of Town by locality where the Household is situated r-'--.--.------____.A.. _ - ___~______._---, Number of households having agricultural or Locality Total No. Number of horticultural land ' of house Households,-- ~ ,------, holds having Agri- Adjoining Within a Within a More than Average cultur,,) the house distance distance • Kms. size (hec or horti- of 1 Km. of 2-3 Kms. ftomhouse tares of cultural Agricultural Jand inside Jand per . or adjoining household) the town 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Dharmkot Naddi 26 21 15 5 1 0.27 2. Fon;ythganj Bhagsunag 29 7 5 2 0.70 3. Mcleodganj Gamroo 19 4 2 2 0.34 . 4. Sangam Park 20 ·5. Khajanchi Mohalla Chander Marg 14 2 2 0.56 .6. Kotwali East 23 2 2 0.15 7. Kotwali West 23 2 2 O.ll 8. Arya Samaj & Gurdwara . 21 1 1 0.20 ' 9. Chilgari 21 10. Kacheheri 11 1 1 0.18 . 11. Depot Bazar 10 2 1 1 0.77 12. Civil Lines . 21 4 1 0.12 13. Shaheed Smark 22 1 0.05 Total 260 47 33 9 3 2 0.35 SoUl\ClI: Household Survey data, 1986-87. Of the total 47 househ"lds owning land, Dharamkot household was selected in the sample. It will b seen nd Naddi localities account for a majority of 21 from the above table that 33 households hav~ their .ouseholds, i~llowed by Forsy~hganj (7) Gamroo land inside or adjoining the town, 9 within a distance nd Civil lines (4 households each) and there is only range of 1 km., 3 within a distance of 2-3 kms. and prinlding of 2 or 1 households in other localities only 2 households have their lands at distances of ltcepting Sangam Park and Chilgari where no such more than 4 kms. 31 Average size of holding is small and it is less than Crops, production, consumption and' marketing by a hectare in each case. locality is given in table IV -26 given below: TABLE IV-26 Crops Production, consumption and marketing by locality Locality Total No. of Number of Crops cultivated Numb.;r of Yield per CO.1sump Marketing households households households l:ultivating tion per culti per culti .. having Agri cultivating household vating house vating cultural (in Kg.) hold house or Horti (in Kg.) hold cultural land 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Dharmkot Naddi 26 21 1. Barley 19 126 126 2. Maize 18 127 127 3. Potato 9 32 32 2. FOBythganj Bhagsun,s . 29 7 1. Barley 5 100 100 2. Maize 6 63 63 3. Vegetables 1 50 50 4. Garlic 1 10 10 5. Potato 3 33 33 3. Mcleod.anj Gamroo 19 4 1. Barley 2 393 393 2. Wheat 3 210 210 3. Paddy 1 200 200 4. Maize 3 302 302 4. Sansam Park . 20 5. Khajanehi Mohalla Chander 14 2 Paddy 100 100 Mars 6. Kotwali East 23 2 1. Maize 1 500 500 2. Barley 1 500 500 3. Wheat 1 500 500 7. Kotwali West 23 2 1.0ranae 2. Plum 3. Gal&al 8. Arya Samaj & Gurdwara . 21 9. Chilgari 21 10. Kachehari 11 1 1. Maize 1 200 200 2. Vegetables 1 50 50 11. Depot Bazar 10 2 1. Wheat 1 500 500 2. Maize 1 200 200 3. Potato 1 500 500 4. Vegetables 1 25 25 S. Fruit$ (Malta) 1 15 15 12. Civil I.fDII • 21 " 1. Potato 2 63 63 2. Vesetables 1 200 200 13. Shahecd Smark 22 1 SouRCE: Household Survey data, 1986.87. Badey, maize, wheat, paddy and potato are the main Appendix Table-23 shows manpower engaged in crops grown in Dharmsala town. Break-up of these agricultural operations by locality and size of holding : households by locality showing cultivation, consumption and marketing reveal that main agricultural production is found in Dharamkot, Naddi. Out of 21 households, Out of 47 households possessing land 35 manage 19 cultivate barley, 18 maize and 9 potato. Whatever agricultural operations by themselves or with their is produced by them is consumed by the cultivating family members, 2 households each in Dharamkot households and none of them market any quantity Naddi and Forsythganj, Bhagsunag areas also engage of their production. Similar trend is also found in the hired workers also. Four households carryon other localities. There are only a few households their work by engaging hired workers while the rest growing vegetable~ and fruit. There is hardly any of 6 households possess land but not producing any surplus and marketing is, therefore, out of question. crop. 38 Table IV-27 reveals important tools and equipmcnts to educational level of- head of the household by size· used for agricultural/horticultural purposes as related of holding: TABLE IV-27 Important Tools and Equipment for Agricultural/Horticultural as related to Educational Level of Head 0/ Houselwld and Size of Holdings Number of households using Educational level of head Size of holding Number ,- ---. of household (in Hectares) or Hoe Sickle Rope Drat Plough Axe Pickaxe Spade house- holds owing lanel 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 ---.-----9 10 11 lllitcrato . (a) Upto 5 15 13 12 8 1 3 1 2 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Literato without educational (a) Upto 5 level (ll) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Literate below Primary . (a) Upto 5 5 3 5 3 1 2 2 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Primary (a) Upto 5 4 3 3 2 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Middle (a) Upto 5 7 S 3 3 1 1 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Matriculation . (a) Upto S 6 4 4 4 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Hisher Sec./Intermediate/P.U.C. (a) Upto 5 3 1 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Non·Technical Diploma or Certificate not equal to degree (a) Upto S 1 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Technical Diploma or Certifi- cate not equal to degree (a) Upto 5 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Graduate and above (a) Upto 5 6 3 2 1 (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + Total (a) Upto 5 47 32 30 20 2 7 3 3 2 ( (b) 6-10 (c) 11-25 (d) 26 + 30 Grand Total 47 32 20 2 7 3 3 2 SOUB.CB: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 19 In all agricultural' operations plough Is an impor spade are found in fewer number of households. the tant rather an indispensable implement, but it will be p::lrt'c1Jlars in rrr-arc) to cultivation of land and tentlre 8een from the above table that it is owned only bv slatt's by hCl1S(,~10k1 ,he arc furnished in following 7 households and others use it by borrowing. 'Hoe tables. and sickle are used by 32 and 30 households. respec tively. Other tools such as rope, drat. axe, pickaxe and (District Kangra Urban & Dharmsala M.e.). TABLE IV-28 Households Cultivating and not Cultivating Land by Tellure and HO'lseho/d S:!'! Household size District Urban Cultivating/not r------.-..A.------, cultivating and 1 2 3 4 5 6 tenure Person Persons Pcr;ons Persons Persons Persons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kangra Urban Total 1,945 1,216 1,286 1,632 1,410 3,141 CultivatinB land S4 61 115 177 194 795 Owned 48 48 92 142 159 619 Rented 4 7 10 13 16 46 Owned and Rented 2 6 13 22 19 130 Not cultivating Land 1,891 1,155 1,171 1,455 1,216 2,346 SoUReB : Part VIII-A and B-Table H.H. 8 Household Tables-1981 Census (H.P.) TABLE TV-29 Households Cultivating Rented Land, Members of Households and Cultivators among them by Tenancy Tenancy Number of household Memb~rs Households Total Cultivators ------_"_'---, 2 3 4 All Tenancies Dharmsala (M.C.) 8 33 3 401-SOO Ordinary tenants paying rent as share of 6 produce SOO 6 1 SOl-50 Crop sharel without Tenancy rights 1 3 550 1 3 801-650 Conditional or temporary lessees assignees 2 11 2 of Govt. land 603 1 6 1 604 1 5 1 701-800 Unclassified 4 13 800 4 13 SoUR.CIlI : Part VIII-A and B-Table H. H. 17 Household Tables-1981 Census (H.P.) Livestock and Other Resources breeds to meet their daily requirement of milk. It is Livestock rearing is not of much significance in a c~m~on feature here to find stich animals freely the urban areas, but in Dharmsala it has been observ movmg m the streets/bazars despite restrictions impos ed that a good number of persons rear cows. The cd. by the local n111:1icipality. qut of 260 households livestock is mainly kept by those hO_t!seholds 'yho ~l1Jmals ar.e rc~\ed by 110. Table IV-30 shows prac either possess land or have sufficient accommodatlofL tIce of annnal , PrC'ctice o( A nifr.al Husbandry by Religion, C. stet Tlfbe! Community Total Number of households rearing belonging to Religion, Caste or Tribe or Community Description of Total Totsl ___..A. Livestock and number number Rajput Brahmin Kanojiya Kabirpanthi Poultry of house- reared r- --, r- I ...... ---'--_, hold No. of Number No. of Number No. of Number No. of Number rearing house- reared house- reared house reared hous~ reared hold hold hold hold rearing rearing rearing rearing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1. Cow 46 73 27 44 11 20 1 1 1 1 2. Sheep 9 27 9 27 3. Buffalo 13 18 9 10 3 7 4. Ox/Bullock 6 11 4 8 1 2 5. Calf 13 21 6 12 2 4 6. Goat 9 24 8 21 7. Mule 2 4 2 4 8. Poultry II 52 6 28 2 14 9. Horse 1 1 1 1 Total 110 231 72 155 19 47 1 1 1 1 Chamar Balmiki Ghirith Dhiman/Badhi Khatri· Aggarwal Description of .---..... ------, ,------A- r---'-.A ,. --. . "- Livestock and No. of Number No. of Number No. of Number No. of Number No. of Number No. of Number Poultry house- reared house- reared house- reared house- reared house- reared house- reared hold hold hold hold hold hold rearing rearing rearing rearing rearing rearing 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 --- I. Cow 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 .1 1 2. Sheep 3. "Buffalo 1 I" 4. Ox/Bullock 1 1 S. Calf 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6. Goat 1 3 7. Mule 8. Poultry 1 7 1 1 1 1 - 9. Horse Total 1 7 3 5 2 2 4 6 S S 2 2 SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. Among the animals, cow is most popular and is Other Resources reared by "46 households. Total number of cows reared were 73 and it is seen from the above table Industries whlch can provide employment to the thal all belong to Hindu religion and the predominant people has not developed so far in the town. There castes are Rajput (27) and Brahmin (11). Other is a tea estate which lies at the periphery of the town. animals reared are sheep, buffalo, oxen, calf, goa~, There are only a few saw mills and furnifure manufac mule and horse. Poultry birds were kept by 11 house turer units in the Civil Lines area of the town. These holds only. From the sample study, it folldwS that the units are run by private enterpreneurs and hardly number of milch cattle are not sufficient enough to d;::serve a mention. A small- private automobile 'vork- meet the requirements of the population and Dharm shop is also fur"ctioning in the town. One of the "most sala depends on milk supplies from the peripheral imp )rtant servicing establishments is the workshop of villages and a milk plant at Skoh. The add:ti mal HR re whe} e, major repairs and servicing of" the supply of milk is also met from Pathankot in Punjab. Government vehicles are.. bein~ undertaken. 41 Dharmsala town and the Qdjoining areas have depo the town. The adjoining areas of Shamnagar and Ram sits of rocks and stones which are being used as impor nagar villages though not within the M.e. limits are tant material for house construction. These stones nre undergoing a fast changes. Many new houses/buildings chiselled into dJferent sizes and are in great demand have come up there during the recent years. Many well· by aU those households who undertake hOllse con to-do families have purchased land in these villages struction projects in the town or the nearby Ramnagar which are sprawled over a flat area. This rural area and Shamnagar villages. The stone chiselling; provides look now is an extension/outgrowth of the town and gainful employment to manual workers living in the the growth of houses which is mostly unsystemati_c town and the nearby villages. m'ght spoil the natural green belt of this beautiful h;~I station. Besides this, roofing slates of Bhal!slmag and Khan yara are famous not onJy in the Kangra region but The construction activity provides employment to outside the district as well. A mining and Quarryin'! a sizeable number of workers in stone chiselling in officer at Bhagstlna~ looks after the· operations and the ne~rby areas and on the banks of the streams- is a licenses are issued to tne contractors who take up slate c')l11mon ·sight. For construction, people prefer local quarryinl! on commercial basis. The fol1owi'1g details stones and bricks are a second preference. In tm4 about slate quarrying, were collected during the around Mcleodganj area good number of houses -are survey: coming up, New houses are being built up near the Tibetan Sectt., to cope lip with the increasing demand Detail of ContractorsfWd'l'kers and Approximate Aniwa/ income from slate quarrying as on 30-9-1986 of the Tibetan population. A new housing colony has recentlv come-up in the Chilgari area. A multi storey Tptal No, of Contractors Totlll No. Approxi- ed hosoital complex and other grovemment buildings of Workers mate are under construction. The state government has a annual proposal to ~evelop a tourist complex for which an income id":al site is availa.ble near Kalapul amidst the thick (Rs.) Chir and Oak forests. 36 144 100,000 Tl'~I1"nort and Communications SOURgl: Mines Inspector, Dharmsala. Information on tran~port system has been given ir: Chapter III. Dharmsala is well connected with Slates of varying sizes fan~jnl!' frOTT1 5" x 10" to ollt,,;d{" world bv a fleet of buses. government, s~mi 15" x 12" are made. A skilled manual lab0urer gets w'vernment private and individual vehicles. The Rs. 25 per day and unskilled or semi-skiIlrd get entire economv of the town is dependent on lts frans Rs. 15 to 20·'per day. Th~ casual labourers are em- n"'rt system. It is rather the life line of the town. , ployed by the . contractors. The mines are situated on Foodl!"rains. pulses, su!!ar, milk, vegetables and aU the ·ste·ep ·slopes· or-tbe -Ems-facing Bhagsunag sprinl!s. ot1ler commmer goods are transported to Dl1armsala Transportation of tbe slates is done through mlllt's f .. "..., t"p nl~jns nf Pllniab particularly from Pathankot. upto the godowns or tne road side places. Supplies A, P hnsinesc; nctivities. trade and commerce, tourist t~ outside places are through trucks. . inflJ1x nre n11 deoendent on transport system. The bus stnnd of Dharmsala is the busiest place and . Khanyara slate mirles are sItuated at fartber distances it- is a nerve centre of all economic activities. from the town but, it has 'an impact on the town dwellers because most of the contractors' and their FairS! and Markets workers live here and they. have to be contacted· by the buyers. Neither fairs of economic significance nor weekly or monthly markets in which local produce is sold or Ban'dn~ Facilities pHrchased is held in Dhnrmsala. From' this 'angle, the town is sleepy and it has little attraction for 'the After the nationalisation of Banks. there has been vi'lal!ers living jn a radius of 5 to 10 .kms. from tremendous expansion of baTIks not only in the 1]rb~n t~e town. The local fruits like guava, HeM. mango, area.; bur in the ffitaTareas 31so. There· are 13 bnmches kl~nu or seasonal ve~etables. which the local people of various banks in the town which cater to the bank... brmg do not meet even a fraction of the' ·demand ing needs of the town dwelJers. For a small town like a.,d hIl'" slloplies have. therefore, to be made either Dharmsala with a total population of 14.52'2 perSons fr,,'I'll p.,tl,ankot ot other places. Even· the good' quality (19R 1 Census) 13 hranches of banks located in Kot sweet~ "'re imported from the plains. Business activi waJi bazar area. C;vil Lines and Mcleod~ani apo('ur til'S. h"'wever, increase during the festive occasions rather on a higher side even if we assume that thrse Stich r<; Navratras both in October and in March also cater to tne ~needs of adjoining villages. Appendix evr.. y vear when devotees visit the famous Chnmunda Table-24 shows the type of depositS' with amount. temple, Briieshwari temple of Karlgra town. While some of the devotees to these places halt for a couple Construction of days in Dharmsala and the local business commu Construction of new hbuses, ShODS, office bui1din,~s, nity make a hey-day during these days. colonies, and repajrs and renovations are common Occupational Details by Type of Family feature tht'se clays and those who can afford. consider it ~ !!ood investment to go hi for ·better ho1"l~es. These Distribution of households by tvpe 'of hOllsehold activities have been ,:ObserVed ~ost in aU parts of and tvoe of o('clJDntion of head of household is given in Table IV-31 below: TABLlI IV-31 Distribution (If H(llIseho!rls bl' TYpe of HOl/seh(lld and Type of Ouupation of Head of Household Number of houschoU where tv;)e of hou~ehold is Type of Occupation of head r------~-- ---. Nuclear Supple- Sub- Single SUpple Collateral Supple mented Nuclear person mented Joint mented Nuclear Sub-Nuclear Collateral Joint ----_------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Unskilled Manual 8 3 1 2. Skilled Manual . . . 11 1 1 3. Lowest Profes,ional and administra tive (e.g. Primary Teacher). 19 1 3 3 4. Small Business. . . 32 3 3 4 S. Highly skilled and supervisory Manual . . . . 4 1 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants . 10 2 7. Intermediate professional and re lated posts secondary teachers etc. 18 3 1 1 8. Medium business . . 8 9. Higher professional and salaried posts . . . . . 22 2 1 3 10. Owners of factories, large shops etc. 11. Cultivators . . . • 1 2 12. Pensioners and retired personnels 6 2 13. Beggers and prostitutes . . 14. Unclassified • . • • 4 1 15. Non-workers 1 10 Total 144 12 24 IS 1 1 Number of households where type of household is Type of Occupation of head r------~Lineal Supple Lineal Supple------~Self Self Self Joint mented Collateral mented (Female) (Female) (Male) Lineal Joint Lineal Unmarried married mamed Joint Joint Sister SOD, son's son and son's wife and wife and unmarried unmarried Son's Son's daughter daughter 9 10 11 12 13 14 1. Unskilled Manual 2 1 - 2. Skilled Manual . . 1 1 1 3. Lowest Professional and adminis trative (e.g. Primary Teacher) 1 4. Small Business. . . . 1 S. Highly skilled and supervisory manual . . . 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants . 7. Intermediate professional and re lated posts secondary teachers etc. 8. Medium business . . . 1 9. Higher professional and salaried posts . . 1 10. Owners of factories, large shops etc.. . 11. Cultivators . . . 1 12. Pensioners and retired personnels 6 1 1 13. Beggars and prostitutes 14. Unclassified 15. Non-Workers • 6 Total 11 5 1 10 2 43 TABLE IV-31--contd. ,------.--~--.. - . ------~,- - -.. --_ ._- ...... ------, Type of Occupation of head Nuclear Sclf Li:1" I 'L1.1 S:I[ S~lf Self Self with (Female) S:rv,wt (Femak-) spO~'ie (Female) (Female} servant son, son's married with un- Sons's wife widow wife, sun's son, SO,l'S married married mother & son, so:].s wife un- son's son, sons unmarried daug!ltcr, rr,ardd daughter wife un- son SOils1son c!,iIJren wic10w married daughter & widow broth'~r & son's S~tval1t \1.1 q'lt)r'S o:h:r daughter daughter relatives of and male the family & servant unmarried daughter 16 17 1:3 19 20 21 22 1. Dnskill!d Manual 2. Skilled Manual . . 3. Lowest Professional and adminis trative (e.g. Primary Teacher) 4. Small Bu~iness. . . 5. Highly skilled and Supervisory manual . . . 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants . 7. Int::r n:;)diate profe~sional and re lated posts secoildary teachers. etC. 1 8. Medium business . . 9. Higher professional and salaried posts . . . . 10. Owners of factories,large shops etc .. 11. Cultivators . . . . 12. 'P~nsioners and retired personnels-- 13. B.:ggar~; and pro~titutes 14. Um:lassified 15. Non-Workers 2 1 Total 4 3 2 3 1 Number of household where type of household is Type ,of Occupation of head ,..--- "------"------.--~ Self St If Self Self Self Self Self (Female) (Male) (Male) (Male) SpO:lse (Male) (Female) Moth~r Son's son Daughter Cousin S'ons Brother's unmarried in-law daushter sister. Ion Brother's daughter'sl Husband B/Daughter BID/daughter 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1. Unskilled Manual 2. Skilled Manual . . . 3. Lowest Professional and adminis trative (e.g. Primary Teacher) . 1 4. Small Business • . • 1 S. Highly skilled and supervisory manual . . . . 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants _ . 7. Ill:cr'n~diatl! professional and re la:ed posts secondary teachers etc. R_ :-.kJiu,n b>lsLl':SS . . 9. t11g l~r prJ:'cs3i:J_1al and salaried post> . . . . . 10. OWller> of factories large shops etc. 11. Cuhivators . . . 12. Pemioners an" retired personnels 1 13. Bt ggars and p ostitutes 14. lLldassiri..:d is. Nvu-Wor ... ~r 44 TAIlLlc TV-31-contd. Number of hOll';ehold where type of hOllS(!hold is ,.------""------""------"------"------, Type of OcclIpation of head Self (Male) Self (Female) Self ~nouse Self (Male) Self, spouse, Self (Fe- Self, spouse, friend unnnn;cc! ;lU!Ti.;d Married D/D/Hus- male) son, son',,! daugllter daughter sister, band, D/ sisters, wife, ,:011 anctWj f)'s! Never daughter daughter married Husband daughter married and son daughter, Mot)wr d~llr,hter~' sister son. son's ~ ~~~ ~ son's wife never married son, sister's sons daughter, sisters sons' SID 30 :Ii 12 33 34 35 36 1. Unskilled Manual 2. Skilled Manual . 3. Lowest Professional and adminis rative (c.g. Primary Teacher) 4. Small Blisinc~s S. Highly skilled and supervisory manual 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants 7. Intermediate professkmal and re lated posts, secondary teachers ek. 8. Medium bl1sines~ 9. Higher profc>sional and salaried posts O. Owner~ offadori.:s, large shops etc. I. Cultivators 2. Pensioners and retired personnels . 3. Beggar, and prostitutc~ 4. Unclassified 5. Non-Workers Total 92-M/S120DCO( H. P. I __ " 5 45 TARLF. IV-31-c(}/lc/d. Number of household where type of household is ,------"------, Type of Occupation of head Self, spouse, Self, Son"s Self, Spouse Self, spouse, Self, Spouse, Total Daughtt:r SOil, Wife married son married son unmarried Brother, and unmarried and married son's SOil Brotller's son son daughter and unmarried son 37 38 39 40 41 42 .------_------I. Unskilled Manual 16 2. Skilled Manual 20 3. Lowest Professional and adminis trative (e.g. Primary Teacher) 4. Small Business 47 5. Highly skilled and supervisory manual 6 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants 13 7. Intermediate professional and re lated' posts secondary teachers etc. 26 8. Medium business to 9. Higher professional and salaried posts 32 10. Owners of factories, large shop~ dc. 11. Cultivators. 5 J 2. Pensioners and retired personnel 20 13. Beggars and prostitutes 14. Unclassified & IS. Non-Workers 25 Total 260 SOUllCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87 From the above table we find that largest number relatives of the parents and unmarried daughter and (47) head of households fall in the category of 'sJ1lall self (male) son's son. In the next occupational cate business' occupation type out of these, 32 an: lluclear gories i.e. lowest professional and administrative and households, 3 are supplemented nuclear, 3 sub-nuclear, 'Higher professional and salaried posts' are 32 house 4 single person, L each is lineal collateral Joint 11U(:l~ar holds in each. The remaining households are distri with a servant, lineal with a savallt, self spouse WIth buted in 12 occupational categories and further split un-married son's daughter, widowed brother and other into household types. CHAPTER V KflINlC AND SELECTED SOCIO·DEiHOGRAPfIIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION A. Ethnic Composition of the Population country in 1947 with their on mass migrati~n to Pakistan. The left ov.er group mostly constltute.!! Nationality Gujjars. According to 1981 Census, 21 Muslim house holds comprising 66 persons were recorded in the Majority of the population in the town OW'l their town. Muslims, as at present, are ethnically and ppli· oril'in to Indian Nationality. Tibetans who nib I' f 1 to tiedly both meak and docile having very little impact Dh~rll1sala as refugees, have not acquired I;ldian l\11 the civic life of the town. Citizenship as yet and claim to b.: still cJ'ib 'ba Nationals, although they comprise a sizea?le (bU.ilk of the tolal population of the town and aff ndit'l'l cmg (e) Christian-Christianity flourished in and the socia-cultural and socio-demographic C~i' ._. ...,..:ris mound this area during the British period with the tics of the urban life. coming up of Christian missions and Churches. How ever, after 1947, the numerical strength of ChristiaQs I._'s considerably declined and according to 1981 Census Dharmsula town being a hill stat,ion many L j ir.-ners thr're were 32 households with 79 persons only. also visit during tourist season. A few foreign stecLmts were conducting research in Buddhist theak gy i":1. the Tibetan library. In the Tibetan Secrct.::.ri.1t~· some Table given below gives the distribution of house foreigners professing Buddhism were also on ti1e staff. I-.oIds and population according to religions as per Some Muslims from Pakistan visiting India, take an 1981 Census_ . opportunity to visit Dharmsala town also. TABLE V-l Religious Composition Distribution of Households and Population by Religion (a) Hindus-Hinduism predominates all other ------rdigions in Dharmsala town, -as out of 3,404 house Religion House- Popula- Percentage to total holds as many as 2,370 (69.62 per cent) belong to holds tion households and this religion as per returns of 1981 Census, Hindu population population stands at 10,024 persons out of. a total .------"-_--- Households Popula- popuTation of 14,5.22 persons of the town Whl~h con tion stitutes 69.03 per cent of the total populatIOn. In fact, the entire Kangr'a district is an epicertre of Hindu reUgion and cuiture ln northern India and the 2 3 4 5 historic Hindi temples of archaeological and religious importance such as Jawalaji, Masroor, Brijeshwari Hindu. 2,370 10,024 69.62 69.03 Devi and Chamunda temples are located in this district. Buddhist 902 4,065 26.50 27.99 (b) Buddhists-During the last two decades Tibe Sikh • 75 280 2.20 1.93 tans belonging to Buddhist faith have occupied the Christian 32 79 0.94 0.54 second position in the ethnic and religious composi Muslim 21 66 0.62 OAS tion of the total population of the town. Accordin~ to 1981 Census, there were 902 households of Bud Others (including 4 8 0.12 0.06 not stated) dhists mostly belonging to Tibetan origion wil-h a population of 4,065. Total 3,404 14,522 100.00 100.00 (c) Sikhs-The Sikh population in Dharmsala SOURCE: Census of India 1981 Series-7 H.P, Paper-! of 1985. occupies the third numerical strength and is primarily the migra~ed segment from the adjoining are1S of Religion.wise Population ill 'SampJe Households Punjab in search of better avenues of blisiness and trade. A few LSikh households also migrated from 260 households were selected on random sample Pakistan in 1947 and settled in the town. There are basis for the study and it may be mentionecl that 75 Sikh households in the town having numerical religion was not the criteria for the selection of the strength of 280 persons as per 1981 Census. households. In fact the sample was drawn almost from all localities and the selection of the households (d) Muslims-The muslith populati'on in the town from each locality/area was drawn on a strafified hus noticeably decreased after the partition of the random basis. 92·MlSI20I?CO(Ef.P.)-5(~) 47 The table given below gives distribution of house- holds and population by religion covered under th.e household survey : TABLE V-2 Householdli and Populatioll oj Various Religions ,-______Population.A.. ____ ----, Percentage to total households and population Religion Household r------.A..------.. P M F Households , ____Population-.A.. _____ ., P M F ------2 3 4 5 4 7 8 9 Hindu 222 1,071 534 537 85.38 87.93 87.97 87.89 Buddhist 30 111 55 56 11.54 9.11 9.06 9.17 Sikh 7 32 17 15 2.69 2.63 2.80 2.45 Muslim 4 3 0.39 0.33 0.17 0.49 Total 260 1,218 607 611 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 '. 'SOURCE : Hou~ehold Survey data, 1986-87. ln the 260 Museholds surveyed the total popula in Depot Bazar all the 10 households surveyed belong tion covered comes t9 1,218 persons. The religion ed to Hindi religion. In the Civil Lines area 21 house wise break-up of surveyed households shows that holds werc surveyed out of which 20 were of Hindus 222 housenolds with a population of 1,071 persons and one of Sikh religion. In the Shaheed Samark loca (534"males and 537 females) belortg to .Hindu. 30 lity all the 22 110useholds surveyed were of Hindu households of Tibetans belonging to Buddhist religion religion. The appendjx 25 table gives distribution of were having population of 111: persons (55 males households and populatjon by sex of various religions and 56 females). 7 households belonged to Sikhs in each locality. covering a population of 32 persons (17 males and 15 females), oIte household of muslim religion was Mother Tougue also covered under the survey. This household com prised 4 members (t male and 3 females). It is inte The following table based on HH 16 part-A (ii) of 1981 Census in respect of language spoken in the resting to make socio-demographic analysis of COI11- po!>ition of pbpulation selected amongst various reli households of Dharmsala town is given below: gions -f),0111 different localities. TABLE Y-3 H.H. 16 Fart A (ii) Households ond Household Populatioll by From Dharmkot and Naddi localities, 26 house Language Maillly Spoken in the Household Specified hoJds were surveyed, out of which 25 belong to Hindu in Schedule VIII oj the COllstitution oj India with a populatiol) of 129 persons (69 males and 60 females). One household of Tibetan Buddhist was Languages No. of Persons Males Females included from this locality which had a population households of 6 persons (2 males and 4 females). 2 3 4 5 From Forsythganj and Bhagsunag lo,calities, 29 Bengali 2 householas were selected out of which 14 households 6 3 3 each belonged to Hindus and Bhudhists and one to Gujrati 3 1 2 Sikh religion. In the Mcleodganj and Gamroo localities Hindi 2,100 8,355 4,524 3,831 11 Hindu households and 8 Buddhist households were Kashmiri 19 64 50 14 surveyed. In Sangam Pa,rk area, 20 households were Marathi 2 10 5 5 surveyed out of which 13 were of Hindus and 7 were Punjabi 207 893 466 427 of Tibetan Buddhist. In Khajanchi MohaUa and Urdu. 2 4 2 2 Chander Marg locality all the 14 households belong to Total 2,333 9,335 5,OS1 4,284 Hindus and in Kotwali East area out of 23 house holds surveyed'22' were of Hindus and one household SOUHCE : --Census of India 1981 Series-7 df H.P. Paper-l of 1981 of Sikh religion. From Kotwali West all the 23 house Note:-Institutional and houseless population not added in the holds' stltveye4 'Were of Hindu.s. In the Arya Samaj above statement. and "Gurdwara Road localities 21 households were surveyed' out of wJ:!ich 17 -Were of Hindus and 4 of The Census data reveals that Hindi is the mainly SikM. 'Ill "the <;:hilgari are? 21 households were cover spoken language of overwhelming majority of the ed. 20'belC'tfging' to Hindl~ religion and ohe of Muslim population in the town by 2,100 households followed religiQ"n. In lhe Kachehari ar~a all 11 households and by Punjabi laJlgua~e In 207 11Ouseholds. .J(ashmifi 48 language occllpics the third position with 19 house· Scheduled Caste Population in the Town holds. Bengali, Marathi and Urdu languages are According to 1981 Census there were 1,375 persons spoken by two households eacJ:~ and there is one house (757 males and 618 females) belonging to'Schiduled hold where Gujrati language is mainly spoken. Castes in the town. The Scheduled Caste population The Census data of 1981 Census was also p)resented constitutes 9.47 percent of the 'total population bf the in Table HH 16 part--B (i) in which languag1 returns town which is much lower as compared to the state mainly spoken in the household other than those urban percentage of 17.34. Among the Schedbled specified in schedule VIII of the constitution of India, Castes 51.42. percent are literates (male being S9.58 were presented. The following table based on 1981 percent amI femalc 41.42 percent). Census data presented in table HH 16 Part-B(i) in respect of Dharmsala town is given below: Out of 260 samplc households 26 households belong to various Scheduled Castes. The Scheduled tastes TABLE V-4 which were covered under the survey were Balmiki, Badhi, Kabirpanthi, Chamar, Lohin and Pharera. H. H. 16 Part-B (i) Households alld House/laId Population by The break-up of the Scheduled Castes covered under Language Mainly Spoken in the Household other than those Specified in Schedule Vlll of tile Constitution of India the survey is as under: . ----- Language No. of Persons Male Female TABLE V-5 Household The Caste-wise PopulatioTl of Scheduled Castes 2 3 4 5 Dogri. 8 26 16 10 Sl. Name of Caste Population No. _, English 32 57 36 21 P M F GorkhaIi 107 480 203 277 Ladakhi 2 7 6 [(1 2 3 4 5 Lahauli 2 8 4 4 Tibetan r-- 836 2,426 1,332 1,094 Balmiki 53 23 30 Other.Languages • 16 23 15 8 Total 1,003 3,027 1,612 1,415 2 Badhi 30 13 17 3 Kabirpanthi 14 6 8 SoURCE: Census of India 1981 Series-7 H.P. Paper-7. 4 Chamar 10 7 3 The data reveals that Tibetan l""anguage is the most 5 Lohar 10 5 5 predominant ·language spoken amongst the Tibetan 6 Pherera 8 -3 5 households (836), Gorkhali is mainly spoken in 107 households. English has been reported as spoken Total 12~ 57 J 68 language in 32 households in the town, Dogri, Ladakhi and Lahauli languages are spoken in few households SOURCE :-Household Survey data, 1986-87. only. Total population of Schedufed Castes covered under Survey Data on Motficr Tongue'" the household survey comes to 125 persons (57 males _. and 68 females). The proportion of Scheduled Caste's In the household schedules canvasS*n. The. corresponding figure for females was 28. which comprise the population of 2,160 persons Males and 'females educ~ted up to higher secondary/ (1,478 males and 682 females). The Institutional infur'ni~diate level stood at 29 and 16, respectively. households primarily include boys and girls hostels 9'~riiales ~nd 2 females were reported educated upto of various educational Institutions including T.C.v. 'degree 'revel and 3 males w~re post graduate. One ho~tcl, police l,ines, Jail, indoor wards of District male each were having engineering, veterinary and HospItal, hotels, sarais and Tibetan community mess. teaching degree/-diploma. Ohe female was also reported holding degree. There were 21 communities belonging n;!>ub!ed Popu:atioll to Scheduled Castes in the town as per the 1'981 Census count, Balmiki, Chamar, Hali, Badhi, Lohar, The Census data of 1981 has revealed that the :Julaha and Sarde were predominant in order of nume incidence of disability both physical and mental is rical strt!bgth. Appendix table V -30 giving break-up vcry low as only one person was reported as totally bCellucation lev'eIs of males and females separately blind, 3 persons as totally crippled and 4· persons as in respect of each Scheduled Castes. totally dumb. This is largely attributed to modem medIcal facilities locally available in the town, environ Higher levels ot education have been observed pre mental and climatic conditions are also most cortducive vailing among Balmikis, Adharmis, Chamars an9. 10 health and this is the factor which has elevated the Julahas. Julaha caste is educationally ahead of all the posilion of this town to that of a to\1rist resort. otller castes if! the field of engineering, veterinary and teaching at degree level. Age, Sex and Marital Status Scheduled Tribes-Only 2 Scheduled Tribes namely, Table V -6 depicts the population 'according Bhot/Bodh and Lahaula were recorded during the to age, sex and marital status. The data contained in Census which together comprised 16 persons only, the table markes a broad based population pyramid 8 males and 8 females. In fact, they comprise 2 house showing thereby, that there 'is a predomit(ance of holds, heads of which were serving a~ government population in younger age-groups. In 'age-groups officers in the town'. The details of educational break 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 all'males and ietna1es 'fl'ave up of Scheduled Tribes population is given in been recorded as never married. However, from the appendix table V-31 based on 1981 Census. age-groups 15-19 onwards both males and females Other Ca'stes/Communities Covelled Umfer the House have been recorded as married. It is interesting to ':lIold'-Sample observe that from the age-groups 20-24 onwards, the proportion of married females is higher than ~part fr'om the Scheduled Castes already mentioned ImJcs. This is primarily attributed to the outflux' of above, bther castes/communities covered under the males in search of jobs and other professions 'outside househ'olds, survey were of_Rajput, Brahmin, Kanojia, the town. Nai, Tibetan, Mahajan, Gupta, Jat, Sunar/M0hra, Khatri, Aggarwa!, Sud, Kaisth, Chaudhry, Malhotra, Not a single male or female up to the age groups, Saini, Saiyed, Sehgal, Majgotra, Jheer, Kumar, Ghi 25-29 years h", been recorded as widowed. How rjth, Kohli etc. ever, the incidence of widowhood amongst the fenrnles has also been observed on higher side in the age The ~ppendix table 32 gives distribution of houst;? groups 30-34 yeJrs and in the succes~ive age.!grodps, holds and population by locality, caste, community further, it is highly disproportionate in the's:gel-'grou'ps and sex j . 35-49, 50-59 :md "60-69 years amongst f~ales as compared to males. It is interesting to observe th~t Rajput, Brahmin and Khatri are the predominan.t not a single male or female 'from any 'age-grbup rl1as castes/communities in the town although the Tibetan been reported as scpata'ted 6r divorced. influx during the last few decades has:added to the numerical strength of the town and TIbetan as In lhe total surveyed population, out of 607 males, Buddhists now comprise about one third of the town's 342 males have been reported as never married, 251 populati6n and living behind a markable impact of as married and 14 as widowed with respective per their culture and civilisation in the btherwise calm centages as 56.3L', pcrcetlt, 41.35 percent and 2.31 per and quite surroundings of Bhagsunag, -Forsytbganj and cent. Similarly out of 611 females t~e ·nt1~1be~. ()f Mc1e.bdganj area. never married kmales was 302 whIch constItUte 50 ..49\42 percent of ,the ,total females. Married females anc1A3 widowed -females comprise"7.04 'percent df-the l1lunbering.266 form 43.54, percent of the totul females total females. TABLE V-6 Distributiol! of Population by Age, Sex and Marital Status !Age-Group Never ---A.Married____ ---. Married Widowed/Widower • r------.A.----, r------"--_------, Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males I Females . 'Persons 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 )0 0-4 58 51 109 5-9 88 74 162 JO-14 .66 65 131 T- rS-..!19 62 73 135 3 3 .,_. 20-24 ~6 29 75 7 19 26 25-29 15 8 23 20 54 74 30-34 5 5 38 38 76 3 3 35-49 97 107 204 1 8 9 50-59 2 2 4 49 28 77 2 12 14 60-69 30 14 44 2 11 13 70 + 10 3 13 9 9 --18 Total 342 302 644 251 266 ~ 517 14 ~3 F 57 Separated Divorced Total ,.~ ____A.. __----, Age'Group ,.___ __..._.A. __----, ,.--_--A. Males Eemales ~rsons Males Females Persons Males Females -Persdhs 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 : 19 0-4 58 51 109 5-9 .88 74 162 10-14 66 6S 131 15-19 ·62 • ·76 138 20-24 53 48 .101 25-29 • 35 ' 62 97 30-34 ' - 43 ,41 • 80(. 35-49 '98 115 213 SO-59 .53 142 95 60-69 32 25 57 70 + 19 12 ,.31 Total 607 '611 1.21S SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. The following table_ shows the- distribution of popu- Religion al1~ Age ~t Marriage lation by age. sex and age specific sex ratio : As already mentioned, only 4 religion namely TABLE V-7 Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh -and -Muslim were l'eporrai from the surveyed hOHseholds. There were... 222.wuse l'\i~;oroup Males tEemales PeJl\(:ms -Sex-ratio hqlds of :Hindus... 30 households of Butldhists, 7 of Sikhs and one of Muslim. -- 2 3 4 5 Among Hindus, there is a fundamental_ pellef in -0-4 58 51 109 879 iavour of uhiversal marriage to keep tbe prqgeny 5.-9 88 74 -162 MI circle alive. With the spread of education 'and econo 10-14 66 65 131 JJ85 m,ic deve~opment, there has be~n a. rational:nbktking 15-19 62 76 138 I,..2Z6 (101011gSt the population to adjust to new tboo_ghts of restricting family to accept the norm small 20-24 53 48 101 the of 906 family. Ghild marriage has almost become the:toncept 25-29 35 62 97 1,771 30-34 of past, however, for soleminising the, martia~astes 43 41 84 953 and sub-castes play vital role and barring a .few 35-49 98 115 213 1,173 Mvanced families, intercaste marriage do not -find 50:-59 53 42 95 792 favour among the Hindus. Although th~e tis tJtOt a 60-69 32 25 57 781 religious or legal restriction on inter-religion marriages 70+ 19 12 31 632 between Hindus and .Sikhs, ..stiILit_jS.41gt...... a.~mm6n .:rotal Ti07 611 1,218 1,007 practi~e in tbe town. ex,cept.in."thPSer.h9usehiHtbotvho have migrated from Pakistan. 'Similarly Sikhs prefer SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. to arrange their marriages among their own religion. 51 Tibetans belonging to Buddhist religion form a alliance solely on the basis of religion and caste factors. _ separate entity and they confine themselves to their This observation' was formed by tlie study team own cOmInunity to settle matrimonial afi'ah"s. There is through informal discussions from amongst various orthodox 'belief among the Buddhists not to cut across religious and social groups. The second important their religion parameters and even if an exigency trend is amongst all religions has gone against the arises for 'an inter-religion marriage, the spouse is child marriage. The Hindu marriage act now ha~ converted into Buddhism. Muslims invariably arrange attained a social recognition more with the advance marri~ges 'with ·their own religion. ment in education and general awakening among the masses and as the social life in the town prevails , ' However;' there have been two healthy and signifi today, monogamy is the accepted norm. cant developments that have taken place during the last few decades amongst Hindus and Sikhs. The first Age at Marriage as Related to Sex and Present Ag~ important consideration alllong both the religions is ~ow the suitability of the match respect of educa Table V -8 depicts the dimensional picture of the tion, economic status, teq1peraIfienta} competabilities surveyed population by sex with respect to presenl of the spouses rather than to settle the matrimonial age and age at marriage. TABLE V-8 Age at Marriage as Related to Sex and Present Age Persent .Age Age at Marriage r------~ Male r- --"-- Below 14 14-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45 -+ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Below 14 14-24 1 25-34 1 21 29 1 35-44 • 3 23 32 10 1 45-54 1 22 23 9 1 55 + 11 25 23 13 3 Age not stated Total 1 21 98 107 33 4 1 Female Present Age .- --A. Below 14 14-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45 + 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Below 14 14-24 16 6 25-34 49 34 11 35--44 44 19 11 1 - 45-54 .. - 5 36 17 3 1 55 + 4 33 11 4 1 l' Age not stated 'Total 11 118 87 29 3 SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 52 In the age-group of 45--65 years there is one male place below the accounts of 14 years and majority Of married below the age of 1it years. In all, there were them now fall in the present age-group of 4-5-54 21 males whose age of m3rriagc was 14 to 19 years. yeurs and 55 years and above. MajQrity of .feJil<11es Out of these, 7 arc in the prest:nt age-group of 25--34 numbering 178 were married in the age-group 14-19 years, 3 in 35+ 44 years and 11 in the age-group of years followed by 87 in the ag TABLE V-9 Age at Marriage as Related to Caste/Tribe/Community Male Caste/Community ,------_. ----'--_._------'------,---, Below 14 14-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+ Age 110t Total stated ---- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 tt ----- 1. Rajput 8 37 27 7 1 81 2. Brahmin_. 4 25 29 4 1 63 3. Tibetan 1 4 9 7 21 4. Khatri 3 7 -12" 2 24 5. Balmiki 2 4 5 1 1-2 6. Mahajan .. 2 8 3 1 14 7. Badhi/Dhiman . 3 1 2 ·7 8. Sood 3 4 1 8 9. Ghirith 2 2 4 10. Chaudhry 1 11. Sunar/Mehra 1 1 2 12. Jat 2 2 4 13. Gupta 1 1 3 14. Kabirpanthi 1 15. Chamar . 2 2 16. Aggarwal 2 2 17. Kaistha . 1 1 1 3 18. Lohar 2 2 19. Kanojiya 1 1 20. Nai 1 I 21. Malhotra 1 1 22. Saini 1 ~ 1 23. Sayed 24. Sehgal 1 I • 25. Majgotra 1 1 J, 26. Zheer 1 1 27. Kumhar 1 28. Pherera 1 "2 29. Kohli ! . ,I, 1 " Total 21 98 107 33 4 _, 265 53 TABLE V-9-concld. Female :€as{c/Connnunity ,------____ -A ______-, Belo~ 14 14--19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-'14 45+ Agi! not Total stated 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1. Rajput 8 54 21 5 ~ 89 2. Brahmin 42 28 4 75 3.• J:~tan 14 8 4 26 4. Khatri 14 10 4 29 5. Balmik,i 8 3 11 -6. Mahltjao 7 6 3 17 7. 'BadHi/Dhimall 6 2 1 10 8. Sood 4 3 8 9. Ghirith 4 2 6 10. Chaudhry 2 2 11. Sunar/Mehra 2 3 12. Jat 1 2 13. Gupta 3 14. Kabirpanthi 2 2 15. ~ Chamar 2 2 16. Aggarwal 2 2 11:~Kaistha . 2 4 18. Lohar 4 4 19. Kanojiya 1 - 1 20. ,Nai 2 2 21. Malhotra 1 1 22;1 Saini 1 2 2St.Sayed 1 1 24,' Sehgal 1 1 251".Majgotra 1 26; Zheer -' 2V; Kumhar 1 28. Pherera 3 3 29. Kohli , l' '"Total 11 17&. 87 29 3 309 .:..soURCE: Household Survey data, 1986·87. the most acceptable age-groups for marriagy It has been ob§erved from the data that lwith' the amongst males are 20-24 years and 25-29 years spread of literacy and attainment of higher 'education amt)ngst all castes and communities as out of the !otal there. has been a constant increase in the 'age .at of '265 males reported as married in various age marnage. Of the total 30 marriages .recorded from grotlps 98 were married in the age-group 20-24 amongst the illit~rate males, 15 took place' betweep years. ' There was a solitary male amongst R~jput 20-24 years, SIX were reported in the age '..grQup whose age af"marriage was below 14 years. Amongst 14-19 _years. 9 ~arriages took place in.:the ';age fem\lles out of' a total 'of 309 cOVered under the house group 2)-39 years. One male educated upto middle hola survey, 178 females were reported married sta~du;rd was married below the age of 14, years. bettleen the-i4-19 years and- 87 between the 20- MajOrIty of the males who attained educational 'level 24 'Years. Tht> predbminance of marriage in these't",:o of middle -and above were reported married hi:: the age.egroups amongst females was o~served almost III age-group of 20-24 years and 25_,_29 years.'''One all the communities. 11 female -marnages were--l:.e_Q_ort;.. degree holder got married in the age-group' of 40-44 cd below the .age of 14 years, 8 amongst Rajputs, one years. Amongst females, both illiterates and- '1i-terates each among Brahmins, Khatris and Badhis. by various educational levels, the most common'.aoe gro~p for ma~riag~ .were 14-19 and 20-:.24 ...yc:x.s. Educatioll and Age at Marriage ~unng tl]e. lUqUIrIeS made from various :surveyed household~, It was revealed that in some .ca:;tesoboth Appendix --table V-36 giv,:s -data regarding age at males an? females attained higher educational levels ma~ge as related to. educatIOnal level for males and after: therr' marriages. ~owever, among 'the dJ:gree fem~~ separately,. hOlders, the age:1lt'marnage was comparatively higher 54 both among males and femates as out of 76 males 1t -can be safety concluded"from ~the ~ata aMlysed 16 reported their agc at marriage in the age-group of above the"highcr educational :je~el e'ntails'lthe\fite"in 30-34 and out of 36 degree holder females 14 report- thc age at ,marriage. The"Ibilowillg tSible. .."iiveg :tIftri- cd their age of marriage in the agc-group 25-29 bution of ever -married 'males and.J TABLE V-I0 Average Age at Marriage as Related to Caste/Tribe/CommUnity alld Time 0/ Mdfrtage Caste/Tribe/Community Number of ever Average.age at'lllan:i.ltse of -Average age at m;trfiage·-6ftever married ever married males who 'married married females wit" married ,-_---A..__ --, ,- ----, Males Females Earlier 15-29 Within Earlier :15"":'29 - Wilkin than 30 yrs, years 15 yrs. than 30lyrs. years 1lS)"6ars 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "9 1. Rajput . 81 89 24 24 24 ·16 19 20 2. Brahmin 63 75 23_ ,26 26 17 19 ~:~ "- 3. Tibetan 21 26 27 29 26 17 19 21 4. Khatri. 24 29 23 '27 25 18 24 33 5. Balmiki. __ .' 12 11 20 23 29 15 17 . 19. 6, Mahajan 14 17 30 29 26 18 24 22 7. Badhi/Dhiman 7 10 19 24 26 15 18 19 8. Sood . 8 8 24 26 19 19 18 -'25 9. Ghirith - 4 6 26 ..24 22 '1"8 ::~2 10. Chaudhry 2. 18 IJ.8 18 11. Sunar/Mehra 2 3 28 34 ·22 12. Jat 4 2 22 25 25 ""~ 18 '28 13. Gupta .- 3 3 25 '36 19 -29 14. Kabirpanthi 2 31 18 15. Chamar 2 2 21 22 15 18 16. Aggarwal 2 2 28 ~26 '14 )"18 17. Kaistha. 3 4 26 '29 17 .25 18. Lohar • 2 4 '24 15 ·16 T%. 19. Kanojiya 1 1 - 22 '- 16 20. Nai 1 2 20 16 17 21. Malhotra 1 1 30 - '2.7 22: Saini 2 25 15 '21 23; lS'ilyed 428, 24. Sehgal. 1 25 17 25 _ Majg'<1tra / 1 20 14 26. '.theer 1 22 -....,. '_ 27. Kumhar 1 25 ' '21 "'28. 'Pherera 2 3 34 18 19 ,.JS 29. Kohli 30 22 :'ScJuR'CE: Housebold Survey data, ']986-87. ~5 <.the above ·table shows that of' 'the 6 importart 0) 35 years and ahove which is attributed mainly to ~ast.~s/eonlmunities 'l1alnely .Rajput, Brahmin, Tibet2.n, natural age factor. 9 widows in this age-nrotlp were K;i.Jatri·, Balmiki a.nd Mahajan, the average age at rcported fWln Rajpnts, 8 fram Brahmi~s 5 from ,qlil\Tiage of 'males ranges between 20 years amongst Khutris, 2 each from Badhi and Ohiraths and' one cae), Balmikis and 30 Y,eats 'amongst Mahajans for lhose (rom T~h?tans, Mahajans, SUllars/Mehra, Kabirpanthis who were married earlier than 30 years. The trend in i:nd SalOIS. Tht; surveyed households data reveals that the average age at mqrriage has not revealed any signi none of these widows remarried. In fact, the custom ficant variation amongst tbe males of these castes and of widow remar_riagc has not attained the social appro communities who were married between 15 and 29 val ~nd the Widows even at younger ages have to years ago or within 15 years. Amongst females the r~mal11 at. the pl~cc of their first marriages though at average age at marr.iage among these communities in lJl1JCS agamst theIr personallikings nnd desires. the age group of earlier than 30 years varies from 15 years in Balmikis to 18 years in Khatris and Mahajans for those who were married between 15 to TABLE v·J 1 29 years the average age at marriage was 24 years NUlI/ber of Widow by 4ge of becoming Widow alld Caste/ each fof Khatri and Mahajans, 19, years <1rI1ongst Comm1lllity Rajputs. Aniongst those females who were married within 15 years period, the average. age at marriage Number reporting to have become ranges between 19 years for Balmikis to 23 years in widow at age Caste/Community Kha:tris. Though there is not much discernible trend r------~----~ observed of the average age at marriage with relation Below 25 25-34 35 and above toO the time of marriage, however there are not~ceable indications in almost all castes and communities in tlle town that, there is slight rise in the average age 2 3 4 at. marri~ge amongst those who were married within the last decade and a half. Appendix table V-37 gives }. Rajput 2 9 data about average age at marriage and age at first 2. Brahmin 3 8 marriage respectively as related to educational level 3. Tibetan 2 1 ~nd time of marriage. 4. Khatri 5 5. Balmiki Inter ReU~ons Marriage 6. Mahajan . 1 7. Badhi 2 Thou~h the religion ridden faith and beliefs are 8. Sood loasing' grip of rigidity amongst the various castes and 9. Ghirith ;;o1Utnuaities belonging to Hindu and Sikh religians, 10. Chaudhry yet q break-through is ta be made to make inter-religion marriages an accepted feature. Those who have obtain 11. Sunar/Mehra ed position and status have the liking to cross the 12. Jat . barriers of religions in search of suitable matches. 13. Gupta There is no sacial or religious ban for inter-religion 14. Kabirpanthi mhrriages amongst Hindus and Sikhs. 15. Chamar . 16. Aggarwal Interca8te Maniages 17. Kaistha . Not a single case of inter-caste marriage was report 18. Lohar 1 ed in the 260 surveyed households. There is a consider 19. Kanojiya . ed opinion prevailing amangst the elders almast in all 20. Nai. 1 ~astes and communities to arrange the marriages of 21. Malhotra ,heir female members within the caste. Ifowever, there 22. Saini 1 is an increasing awakening amongst elites of the town 110t to be rigid about die .orthodox and fundamental SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. belil1f in the caste hierarchy and in the perspective of wider outlook and better prospectus, tbey may cut Table V -12 gives details .of .widowers. in various across the caste barriers in the field of matrimanial age-groups and their r,emarri)'lge amon_gst various affairs. - castes and communities. Widow Remaniagc One widower amongst Brahmins at the young age group of 25 years and below and 4 widowers amongst Table V-l1 gives distribution of widows in Vm1.ous Brahmins, 2 of Rajputs and oIfe of Balmiki in the age-groups amongst various communities. 2 widowil age-graup of 25-34 years and 16 widowers in the were reported below the age of 25 years, one each age-group of 35_ years and abov~, 6 among Rajputs, )elangs to Rajput and Chaudhry. 10 widows were 4 among Khatris, 2 in Brahmins and one each in Badbi, recorded falling in the age-graup of 25-34 years. Cha1.:idhry, Jat and Gupta castes were reported. Out fhe break-up is 2. il!. Rajputs, 3 in Brahmins, 2 in of the total 24 widowers reparted from various castes Fibetans'arrd orie:elrcli in Badhi, Lohar and Nai castes. and communities 10 got remarried, 3 each for Rajputs~ The incidence of widowed was higher in the age-group Brahmins and one each far Khatris, Jats and Guptas, 56 TABLE V-12 Number of Widower alld Remarriage by Age of b,ecolllillg Widower and Caste/Co1lllliunity Number reporting to have Number of remmarri;igeout ot tho become widower at age of who become widower at the ag~ of Cilste/Conunullity .- , '- -., 35 and above Below Below 25 25-34 25 25-34(, 35 anq. above 2 3 4 _,5 6 7 1. Rajput 2 6 2 ,1 2. Brahmin 4 2 3 3. Tibetan 4. Khatri 4 5. Balmiki 1 6. Mahajan .:-'"'"' 7. Badhi. 8. Sood . 9 Ghirith 10. Chaudhry 1 :- 11. SUllarjMehra ...... ]2. Jat 13. Gupta ' 1 Total 7 16 5 4 Divorce and Sepa!ation took place largely in the age-groups of 20-24 and 25-29. To wit, 205 out of the total married males As regard, divorced/separated, one male Rajput in numbering 265 returned as married in these two age the age-gJ;.oup of 25-34 years ~and 2 males belong groups only. This ~onstitute a 77.36 percent oE th to Tibetans in the ageLgrotlp 'of 35 years a1\d above total married males. Amongst females, the ideal ag were reported as divorced and separated. All the three for marriage have been observed in the age group got remarried. There was not a singlq case of female of 14-19 and 20-24 years. divorce/separated from the 260 surveyed households. Corrchrtes of Age at Marriage Table V-13 gives broad picture about the age I As already recorded, data on these topics show that Hrst marriage as correlated- to the age at effe~th; the marriages among tRe males in Dhannsala town marriage and the time of marriage. TABLE V-13 Age at First Marriage a~ Rf!fated ((I Age at Effectiv~ .'vfuri7gJ a z1 Titm of M1rriage Number- of ever Average age at effective n;.arriage Average age at effeetive marriage of eve1 married of ever males who marrIed married females who married ,-______A.~ .. --., Age-group ,------'------, .----,------~.--._------Males Females Earlier than 15· -29 years Within 15 Earlier than ] 5-29 yrs. Within 15 yrs 30 yrs. yrs. 30 yes. ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Below 10 3 15 10-14 2 18 19 14 14 -_ H-. 15-19 20 16S 19 18 19 16 17 18 20-24 98 87 22 23 23 21 22 ~~2 25-29 107 29 27 27 27 27 "26 26 30-34 33 3 31 32 31 33 32 35+ 5 36 35 38 '40 ...... -+' ~ not~tated ::tomes: Housenold Sqrvey data, 1986-87. 57 the average age at effective marriage of eVer 15 years, .also reveal similar pattern in respect of the married males who married more than 30 years ago average age at the effective marriage as related to tht! was 19 years fOr those whose age at first marriage was age at first marriage. l1etweeil 10-14 years. 1])c a<~era~ ag;_ a~. efl~tivp marriage was the 'same those males whose age at first The average age at effective marriage of eveJ;·mafriecJ. mamuge-.was- between 'for 15'-19 -years. Those males females whose age at first marriage was below 10 years, wJIQs~,ag~.at 1jrst~~(fiage: was between 20-24' years, 15 years for those who were married 30 years ago. aIfd W,OfC< married. fo~more than 30 years their average For different durations of marriages of the 'females ,the age-'at ~ffective. matriag~',stopd.:at 22 Year~., 'fPe "yer\lg9 average age at effective marriage stood at 14 years age 'at effectiVe marriage was 27 years of those males for those whose age at first marriage was between whO' were 'married-more than 30 y~ars at their age 10-14 years. The females who were in the age-group of mst marriage be~eeQ_2.2-22. yeaIS~ Those....mnles of·· 15~ 19- ye~rs at the time of first marriage their WIIQSe- age at first marriage was 30-,-3.4 years,r their average age at. effective marriage ranged between ave~ge age at- effectiv~ marriage was 31 year~ and 16-18 years for different durations of mart'iage. This thoBe' who lJlarried at the age of 35 'yeaTs and abov,e average was in between 21 and 22 years for variQUS and-whose :;pan-of married-life is marc than 30 years, durations marriage for those fem.ales whose age at their average age·at effective'marriage stood at 36 years. first marriage ranged between 20-24 yc.ar~: Tbe average age of effective marriage for vadous dura 'l'I:tb average-age at effective marriage who m~r:ried tions of marriage ranged between 26-27 years of. those 15...:...29 years :rge worked out at 18 years for those females who married in the age-group of25-29 years. who-"nlarried between 15-19 years, 23 years whose age·at first marriage was 20-24 years~ 2'7 years who Age, Sex and Education man:.ied·betweeR- 25-29 years, 32 years who married between' 30-34. years ancJ.-35 years whose age at first The following'table gives the distribution of s\lmpJ~ mar{iage was 35. yea,rs and above. In case of ·those population by age, sex and educational level 'excluamg males whose duration of "'1narriuge is within the age-group 0-4 years: TABLE V-14 D;Sfribllfipn o!.Populatioll by Age. Sex and Edttcatlonal Level 1;;daoa~a\L'evel 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24- 25-34 35-49 50+ Total ~-. r--""'__' ,..----....~ ,--.A.--,--.. r---A.-, .--.....______, r---"--. r--"-----, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F --- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 l3. 14 15 16 17 ------_. --... ---- _-- , tllitera1e 8 12' 2 /2 3 2 6 6 21 6 33 18 37 42 114 Literate 33 21 2 3 5 5 3 46 28 Below Primary 47 40 24 20 2 3 3 4 7 7 82 76 Primary I - 29 33 14 24 12 7 6 10 8 15 2 11 71 101 Middfe 10 10 22 16 13 8 11 10 10 27 12 90 60 Matrie J2 12 I()" lG- 13 24 20 27 23 4 79 77 PUC, Hr. Sec.IInter 11 16 9 6 9 4 10 6 5 2 44 34 Non-tCh. Dip. or eer- till te not equal to dtsne- 1 4 5 2 2 11 Tecb-i :pip. or cerfifie$:te not- equa I to degr~ 4 5 D~gr~, &: above . 3 6 17 31 23 36 14 15. 2 88 59 ' Total 88 74 66 65 62 76 53 48 78 103 98 115 104 79 549 560 SolJ]}C!' ;"l{o~e)JoI4 Sur~er datar 1986.87, ~~ The above table reflects that out of total sampled TABLE V-15 population of agcd 5 + 1,109 persons (549· males' Dislriblllion of Localities by Average Educational Score and 560 females) there were 42 males and 114 femal<2s per head. which were illiterate. In the tendcr school going agc group- of 5-9 years, only 8 males and 12 females A verage per head Educational score were also recorded as illiterates. The incidence of illi r (lcalily r------"------, Total Male Female teracy recorded was however higher in the age-groups score score score of 35-49 and 50 years and above. The proportion is stili higher amongst femaks. The preponderance of 2 3 4 literates with 33 males and' 21 females was recorded in the-' age-group of 5-9 years. Number of persons Ward No. I having educatioll' below primary standard numbered (a) Dharmkot 1 06 1. 39 .0.69 158, (-82 males and 76 females). Majority of them (for (b) Naddi both the saxes) were reported in the age-group of 5-9 Ward No.2 years· and 10-14 years. Amongst the persons (a) Forsythganj 1.63 1.87 1.44 (b) Bhagsunag educated upto primary level, the proportiOn of females was higher than males as out of 172 persons in this Ward No.3 (a) Mcleodganj , 1 50 category, 101 were females. The number of persons I. 76 1.38"' (b) Gamroo educated upto middle standard stood at 150. (90 males and 66 females). Both males and females wen~ almost • Ward No.4 Sangam Park 2.28 2,22 2.34 evenly educated at the level of matriculation as there Ward No.5 were 79 males and 77 females. (a) Khajanchi Mohalla 2.68 3.10 2.4"· (b) Chander Marg , Ward No.6 At the Higher Secondary and intermediate levels, KotwaH East 2.43 2.47 2.40 there was preponderance of males over females. Fe Ward No. '7 Kotwali West 2.17 2.51 1.86 males out numbered exceedingly in the category of non Ward No.8 technical diploma/certificate not equal to degree, only (a) Aryasamaj 2.58 2.61 2.50' 5 males were reported. At the level of degree holders (b) Gurdwara Road and. abcwe, there were 147 persons out of which 88 Ward No.9. Chilgan ; ~ 2.65 2.82 2.41 were males and 59 females. Ward No. to Kachehri Adda ~ 2.46. 2.7J 2 .. 28. Ward No. II Education Score Depot Bazar ". 1. 78 1.90 1.4r. Ward No. 12 Distributien, of localities by average educational Civil Lines 2.57 2.76 2.35 ; scote per head is shown in table V -15. In ward Ward No. 13 No .. 5 Khajanchi Mohalla and Chandcr Marg have Saheed Smark 4 ~ 2.54 2:7& 2.\21' .- record~d the highest educational score (2.68) follow Total • 2.14 2.35 1,95, ed by Chilgari area with 2.65 score. The-l@west educa " tional score has been recorded in ward No.1 Dharm SmJRCE : HouseholdrSurvey data. ]"986-~.. kot, Naddi area (1.06). Further split up of population by Gaste/Tribe (community is given in appendix tabJe Education by ReligiQn V-33). Total average educational score per head The 1981 Census data pertaining to education by for all the communities has been recorded 2.15 (male religipn ·is not availabM: The--- fo~g table. and 2.35 and females 1.95). Appendi-x Table V-34 appendIX tabl~s 38' and 39 ·"ttsed on rsainple .~~tlrV'ey and- V-35 give the average educational score by type give details about age,. sex .at)q. st.u.P:e.n.tsbip:i~ ,eallCa~,. pf household and occupational categories respectively. tiona1 institutjons by religion and migration sUltns.,,·. 59 TABLE V·16 Age. Sex and Study in Educational Institlltion by Religion Total Number studying Number not studying Religion Age-group .----'------; Males Females Males Females Males Females ~----- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ---.-~--- Hindu 5-9 71 63 65 52 5 11 10-14 60 58 60 53 5 15-19 S6 70 41 48 15 22 20-24 48 43 8 8 40 35 25+ 249 260 1 248 260 Total 484 494 176 161 308 333 Buddmst. 5-9 13 10 12 10 1 10-14 5 6 5 6 15-19 4 4 4 3 1 20-24 3 3 3 3 25+ )2 27 22 27 Total 47 50 21 19 26 31 Sikh 5-9 2 1 2 1 10-14 1 1 1 1 15-19 2 2 2 2 201--24 3 2 2 3 25.1.- 9 8 9 8 Total 17 14 5 6 12 8 5-9 10-14 15~19 20-24 25+ 2 2 Total 2 2 Grand Total 549 560 203 186 346 374 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. The broad picture that emerges from -the above It is seen from these tables that out of 1,109 persons table reflects that' among Hindus, out of 484 ma19s (age 5 +) belonging to all castes/communities 156 and 494 females, 176 males and 161 females are 'on were reported as illiterates and 740 as literates. 158 the rolls in various educational institutions. -1'he over persons were educated_ below primary standard and whelliling number of both males and females who 172 up to primary standard. 150 persons were were studying in various institutions are in the age educated upto middle standard and 156 were reported groups of 5-9 years, 10-14 years and 1?-19 years. as 'matriculates. Persons who were educated upto There is a small chunk of boys and gIrlS amongst PUC, Higher Secondary and Intermediate levels Hindus who happen to be non-students though falling numbered 78 and non-technical diploma holders were in the scho01 going uge-groups. Among Buddhists out l3 while technical diploma holders were 5. There of 47 males and 50 females, 21 males and 19 females \yere 147 persons who were educated upto degree are studying In' various institutions. Out of 17 males level and aQove. Prevalance of higher education has and 14 females amongst Sikhs,S males and 6 females been recorded from amongst Rajpnt, Brahmin, are studying. Not a single male- or female from the Tibetan, Mahajan, Khatri, Sood, Jat, Aggarwal, age group 5-19 years has been recorded as non· Kaistha and Gupta castes. students fro~ amongst the Sikhs. Aiiiongst Muslims one male and 2 females were covered under the survey Non-Enrolment in Schools out of whom the male is reported as student falling Appendix table 42 shows the households defaulting in the age-group of 5-9 years and both the females in enrolling the school going children by caste or who faU in the age-group of 25 years and above werc:!" - tribe or community of head of the household. reported as.~.non-students. The data given -in the appendix table shows tlfat Based on sampfe households data the appendix out of a sample of 260 households belonging to various tables 4Q &, 41 -give fUTther distribution of pop~llation castes and communities. 101 households are not having by broad age-grc;mps, sex,- caste/community and educa any child of school going apc. This proporti6n of the -tionaI leVel and occupati(')nal category of the' head of households to 10ta1 surveyed households stands, at househOld. 38.85 percent. Number of households having males only at school females for schooling though there were both males going age (5-14 years) were reported as 59 ilnd and lemu1cs of school going age in these households. thosl.! ol females oniy at 43. 57 households were Tl}(:re were two households of Rajputs and one of recorded having both males and fcmaks of school Kanojiya who had school going children of both sexes going age. but some of them failed to send their female children to ilchool. 2 households of Rajputs who had both male Only two households were recorded as defaulting and female children of school going age but some of 110t sending their males of school going age and of them failed to send both male and female for these two belong to Rajput and Balmiki caste. One schooling. household was recorded defaulting for not sending a school going male for education who happen to be a Ui}der compulsory and free primary education Tibetan. There were 5 households who failed to send scheme launched by the government the proportion of lheir females of school going age for studies. Three non-enroilment of children of school going ~e is very of them werc Rajputs, one each Brahmin and Sood. I marginal. Now, hardly there is any biased attitude for There were 3 households who had female children of and against female education and the ]jon-enrollment school going age and were failing to send some of ot a negligible nnmber of school going children is them to school. These households belonging to one attributed to physical and mental disability of child. each to Rajput, Brahmin and Badhi. There were 2 households one each of Brahmin and Badhi who had Discontinuation of Study both males and females children of school going age but failed to send males only to schools. Similarly, Table V-17 gives details of neVer attendance aud there were three households one each of Brahmin, discontinuation after ever attendance by age, sex and Badhi and Ghirith castes who failed to send their reason. TABLE V-17 Never Attendallce and Discontinuation Ajter Altendance by Age, 0ex and Reasol1 Tolal Number Never attendance Never attendance Discontinuation Discontinuation __.....____ after attendance after attendance r- ,----.....___--, r- ...... ---"----., .---"- Male Female Male Female Age Male Female ,-.A..--, .-- r---"------, r---'------. '\ To be Under To be Due to Due to Under School is D01l1OStic sent to age admitted mental domes- age far away problems school in the illness tic in school of her prob- coming mother lems session 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ,S 16 20 1 5 1 1 6 6 21 14 1 1 1 7 21 13 8 18 18 9 12 9 1 10 14 14 11 9 11 12 15 13 13 8 13 14 20 14 3 Total 154 139 2 5 2 3 6 3 SOURCE: Household survey data, 1986-87. According to the data available from.. sample survey other of 12 years never att.ende~ the school due to there were 154 males and 139 females in the school domestic problem~ Six females who attained the age going age group of 5-14 years. There were -2 such of five years at the time of survey awaited enrollment male chilclrcn one each age 5 _and 6 )rears wJlO had. jn the scljool on accoun,t of under age. One female never attended the school aruol- were- awaiting the. from the remote localij:y of Naddi area who had just enrollment in the coming ses~ion. There were 5 males - completed five years was not attending schoQI on who had just completed five years at the time of account of distance factor. survey and could not get enrollment due.to under age. There was not a single e?se of di!)continuWQn of There were 2 fematc--children age s- and 6~ years studies or- drop out j::ases amongst males after the each who never attended the school and were awaiting enrollment. However, there were three female students, enrollment in the next session. One female of 9 years all of the age of 14 years who discontinued their old was enrolled due to the mental illness of her studies after enrollment. All the three roukl not eon mother and 3 females of the age of 5 years and the tinue due to domestic problems. 92 L/S120DCOHP-- 6 61 CHAPTER VI MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT OF FAMILIES Growth and expansion of the town has been a settled in the town. Gorkhas are mainly ~ettled in continuous process both by way of natural increase the Chilgari area. There is no specific colony of in population and immigration of the households and migrant families or a refugee colony in the town, bilt individuals .from outside the town, with a view to the migrant families are mostly settled in Kotwali settling down permanently in the .town. The business Bazar, Gurdwara Road, Kachehari Adda and Civil communities such as Mahajan, Sood, Mehra, Gupta, Lines. Tibetan refugees are mostly settled in mcleod Khatri, Goldsmiths and Julaha migrated to the town ganj area, Dal Lake area and in Ward IV in which mO!'tly from areas of Punjab and Himachal Pra,~esh tlle Tibetan Secretariat, Library, Hostel and other as the lown received the recognition by the Britishers Tibetan institutions are located. Migration status. was and its subsequent expansion with the setting up of studied in relation to place of birth and place ot last Cantonment and related development during I and residence. Table VI-l below gives the distribution of II World Wars. After the partition of the country, households by number of members, migration status some of the displaced families from Pakistan also and place of birth of head of households. TARLE VI-! Distribution 0/ Households by Number of Members, Migration Status and Place 0/ Birth 0/ Head oj Household - Migration status and place of'" Number of households having members birth of head of household ~ ,------Single 2 3 4 5 6-7------8-9 10-12 13 & Total above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A. Non-Migrant (Born in the Town) 6 5 11 12 13 4 3 54 B. I. Migrant (Born outside the Town in the District) (a) Rural 6 11 11 8 19 14 7 2 1 79 (b) Urban 1 2 2 2 4 2 1 14 ll. Born within the state in District. 1. Chamba (a) Rural J (b) Urban 1 1 1 4 2. Una. (a) Rural 2 1 5 (b) Urban 3. Kullu (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 I 2 4. Hamirpur (a) Rur-al 2 1 4 (b) Urban 1 2 - 1 5 5. Bilaspur (a) Rural 1 1 (b) Urban 1 6. Shimla (a) Rural 1 (b) Urban 1 7.-.Mandi (a) Rural 1 1 1 3 (b) Urban 1 1 III. Born in other States: 1. Punjab (a) Rural 2 1 2 1 9 (b) Urban 1 1 2 5 9 2. West Bengal (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 1 3. Haryana (a) Rural 1 2 4 (b) Urban 1 1 4. Uttar Pradesh (a) Rural 1 1 2 (b) Urban 2 2 - 5. Jammu & Kashmir (a) Rural 1 1 3 (b) Urban 1 2 6. Sikkim (a) Rural (b) Urban - -L I IV. Born in other Countries 1. Tibet 4 4 7 6 5 26 2. Pakistan 1 1 3 3 7 4 22 3. Nepal 1 1 4. Burma 1 V. Un-specified Total 15 31 34 46 61 48 16 6 3 260 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 62 The data reveals that 54 heads of hOllseholds, out areas and one from urban area of Haryana state. of a total of 260 hOllseholds, are native born. The 2 each from rural and urban areas of Himachal remaining 206 heads of the households were report Pradesh, 3 from r4ral areas and 2 from urban areas ed as migrants. Out of these 2()6 migrant households, of Jammu & Koshmir and onc from the urban areas heads of 79 households were born outside the town of Sikkim. 26 heads of housebolds who migra~d' to but in rural areas' of the district. Fourteen heads of this town were born in Tibet, 22 in West Pakistan households migrated to the town from urban areas and one each in Nepal and Burma. and were born outside the town within the district. The heads of 93 households, which constitute 35.77 percent of the total surveyed hollseholds, migrated to In a nut sheil, out of 260 households covered the town both from the rural and urban areas within ·under the survey, 20.77 percent were non-migrants, the district. Out of those heads of households who 35.77 were migrants from within the district, '11.15 were born outside the district of Kangra but within percent from within the other districts of Himachal the state of Himachal Pradesh, numbered 29 and Pradesh, 13.08 perc~nt from outside the state but migrated from the districts of Chamba, Una, KulIu, born within the country and 19.23 percent who .Were Hnmirpul', Bilaspur and Mandi. Maximum number born outside the country. Out of the 50 heads of of households i.c. 5 each \'tere reported migrated from hou§eholds who migrated to the towIl from outside ruraf areas of Una and urban areas of Hamirpur. the country, the overwhelming majority i.e. 96 per The number of heads of the households who were cent compl'ise'ti refugee migrants (from Tibet 52 per born outside Himachal Pradesh and JTIigrated to cent and West Pakistan 44 . percent). Table \'1.2 Dharmsala town st60d at 34, out of which 18 were shows the distribotion of hooseholds by nomber of from Punjab, 9 each from rural and urban areas, members, migration status and last residence of head one from urban areas of West Bengal, 4 from rural of household. TABLE VI-2 Distributioll of Households by Number of Members Migration Status and last Residence of Head of Household Migration Status and Last Residence of Number of households having members head of household -"--- Single 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-12 13 & Total above -----,-- 2 3 4 5 -6 7 8 9 10 11 .. --- A. Non-Migrant (Born in the Town) 5 3 9 9 11 4 2 44 B. Migrant I. Last residence outside the town in the district: (a) Rural 4 5 5 2 15 9 5 2 1 48 (b) Urban 2 4 3 7 4 22 11. Last Residence outside the district but within the State : 1. Hamirpur (a) Rural 1 2 (b) Urban 1 1 1 '4 2. Una (a) Rural 1 1 3 (b) Urban 1 2 3. Chamba (a) Rural 1 # 1 (b) Urban 1 3 2 2 8 4. Kullu (a) Rural (b) Urban 3 1 2 2 9 5. Shimla (a) Rural 1 2 (b) Urban 5 4- 5 1 16 6. Mandi (a) Rural 1 1 (b) Urban 2 7. Bilaspur (a) Rural 1 "1 (b) Urban 1 2 8. Sirmaur . (a) Rural (b) Urban ~ 1 1 9. Solan (a) Rural (b) Urban 2 *10. Kinnaur Rural '- *11. Lahul & Spiti Rural .- "These are exclushely rural districts. 92-M/S120DCO(HP)-(6) 63 TABLE VI-2-concld. Distributioll of Households by Number of Members Migratioll Status and last Residence of Hetld of Houseliald Mi&ration Status and Last Residence of Number of households having Members : head of household ~------~ Single 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-12 13 & Total above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J I Ill. Last Residence in other States. 1. Chandjgarh (U. T.) (b) Urban 1 1 1 3 2. Dl?lhi (U. T.) (b) Urban 1 1 5 3. JaJ)llll.u & Kashmir (a) R~ral 1 (b) Urban 2 4 4. (}ujarat • (a) Rural if (b) Urban S. West Bengal (a) Rural (b) Urban 2 1 3 6. Punj~b (a) Rural 1 1 3 8 (b) Urban 3 3 4 7 17 7. Bihar (a) Rural (b) Urban 1. 2 8. Karnataka (a). Rural (b) Urban 1 2 9. Uttar Pradesh . (a) Rural (b) Urban 4 2 9 10. Andhra Pradesh (b) Urban 1 11. Hlryana {a) Urban 1 2 (b) Rural 2 3 12. Mahll:fashtra (a) Urban 2 13. Madhya Pradesh (b) Urban 1 14. Rajasthan (b) Urban 1 1 1 3 15. Kerala (b) Urban IV. Last Residence in other Countries. 1. Pakistan 2 1 1 8 2. Tibet 3 2 6 3. Nepal -' / 2 2 4. Zambia Total 31 34 46 61 48 16 6 3 260 SoURcE':_Household Surv",y. data, 1986-87 The survey data reveals that heads of 44 house Nepal and one ftom Zambia. The broad observa holds continuously resided in Dharmsala town after tions that .emerged from the migration data are that they were' born in the town and comprised 1,6.92 16.92 percent heads of households djd not migrate percent of the total households. Another 70 heads from the town after their birth within the town, 26.92 of households were those whose last residence -was perc~nt had their last residence outside the town but outside Dhannsala but within the district of Ka~gra. within the district, 23.08 pdcent had their last There were 60 heads of households whose last resi residence within the state, 26.54 percent migrants had dence was outside the district Kangra 'but within their last residence outside the state and 6.54 per the state of Himachal Pradesh. There were 69 house cent migrants had their last residence outside the holds the heads of which migrated to- Db,_armsala country. from outside Himachal Pradesh from UniO!l "'"Terri tories of Chandigmh and _Delhi and from the st~tes Households Classified by Place of Last Residence and of Jammu & Kashmir, Gu]arat, West Bengal, Punjab, Duration of Stay Bihar, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra P~adesh, Haryana, Maharashtra, 'Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan Table VI.3 gives, dIstribution of househoIOs by and Kerala. There were 17 households whose heads number of members, migration status of hea,d of migrated from their last residence from outside the household and duration of stay of any member of the country; 8_ from Pakistan, 6 from Tibet, 2 from household who stayed longest in the town. 64 TABLl:: vr-J DistribllllOn ,,( l/oIIM'fJold~ by Number o/lIJeJilbers, Migratiol/ Status ofHead ofHOl/sehold and DuratiollufStay of(IllY Memhl'l' of the Household who has Stayed the longest in the Referellt Town Nwnht'r of household~ w:lere the migration ~tatus and place of Last residence of head of household and duration of stay ofnny members___ of the household..A-- who has stayed longest is "To. of '11cll1bcr , - ~ ------. Non- MIGRANTS l\1 i- .------.A. gra>1ls [ as! residence in rural area and duration of stay in Last residence in Urban area and duration of stay (BOIl1 the Present Re&idenee (years) in the Present Residence (years) & ------. Last Less 1-5 6-10 11-20 21 Total Less 1-5 6-10 11-20 21-+ Total resi- than years year~ year~ years than years years years years denee 1 year 1 year in town) 2 :1 4 5 () 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14- Single 2 5 2 2 2 2 9 2 5 1 (, 8 7 3 4 4 18 3 3 2 3 3 3 11 2 6 9 4 21 4- 9 2 4 7 8 7 6 8 29 5 9 2 4 (1 11 21 7 4 9 8 29 fi-7 11 5 9 16 2 2 9 8 2J 8-9 4 5 6 2 4 6 10-12 2 :! : 1 2 2 J3 & above 3 3 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1911fi-87. The migration status with respect to last residence Distribution of Households by Migration Status, Place and duration of stay for any member who has stayed of Birth of Head of Households and Composition for the longest period in the town has been shown by Sex and A1le for rural alJu urban area.:; ~eparately. For rural migrati(ll1, the l<.1st residence and duration of stay in The data given in appendix table-43 reveals that completed years lor any member shows that a single the migration status and the place of birth of head of member of one household each had the longest stay household is 1inked with the composition by age and in the tOWll ranging from one to five years, 6 to 10 sex of memhers of the housebold. years and II to 29 years. Similarly. single me1l1ber of two households had the longest duration of stay The datu in the table reveals that out of 260 sur i.e. 20 V\.,(ln-, and more. Tht:re were 9 households with veyed households, 54 were of non-migrant status an) ~i·rigle member whm,e last residence was in (horn in Dharmsala). Out of these 54 non-migrant urban area ,tnd du)"atio11 of stay in the town was re homeholds, there were 42 11ouseholds which form corded for ICf;s than une year fos one homchold, 1-5 77.78 percent whose composition was adult males and years of 2 households, 6 to J 0 years for 3 households. females and minor ma1es and females. There wett lIto 20 years for 2 households and 21 + years for 10 such bouseholds the composition of whose mem 2 househo!ds. There were 8 households withiQ the bers was adult males and females. There was one place of la~l residence in rural areas whose any two non-migrant household having ~dult and minor ~aJe members had the longe~t stay for more than 2() years or female and one housel10ld With adult female mmor in respect of 6 households. The corresponding figure male and/or femaJe. for 18 househ01ds migrated from urban areas was 7 households having stay of ] to 5 years, 3 house The migration status and composition of house holds 6-10 years· and 4 households each having stay holds by ~ex and age of me~b~rs for t~e . migrants of 1 L to 20 years. Neither the data in the table above households for those born wlthm the dlstnct, ~orn establish any co-relation between the number of within the state, born in other states of the cO_!lntry members in the household, the migration stutul> ;lnd is given in fm·ther details for rural and urban areas. longest duration of residence both for rural and There are 79 households reported from rural areas urban areas nor does the data reveal the historical and J 4 from urban areas who were born outside background of settlement of hOllseholds in lhe town the town within the district. Out of 79 rural house- as the migration to the town is linked more with the 1101ds 48 were such whose composition was adult male 'pull and pu~h' factors as~ociated more with economic :md female and minor mate and female. In 14 house pressures rather than social interaction of only the holds there were adult males and females only and migration force~. in another 11, adult males only. In 2 house!lolds there were adult females only and in the remaining residence have been presented for males and females 4 households there was a combination of adult male/ separately. The data reveals that out of a sample female and minor male/female. Out of 14 house population of 1,218 persons (607 males and 611 holds migrated to the town from the urban ::ireas females) there were 523 persons (269 males and 254 within the district, 9 households had a composition femaJes) who have been residing at the same place of adult male and female and minor male and female, of birth and 33 males and 13 females have been 3 households adult males and females only one residing at the places different from their place of household adult maIc only and one househosd adult birth. However, the dMn does not speak whether all female and minor male or female. those who were categorised under 'same as place of birth' are non-migrants because the place of last residence has been taken into account only for those In case of other migrant households from within members who were residing before moving to Dharm the state, the composition of the households· pri sala town. It may be possible that quite a few persons marily comprised adult males and females with were born in place other than Dharmsala town and uribor males and females and of adult males and continued to reside at their place of birth before females only. The composition of migrants from migrating to Dharmsala town. outside the state speaks in favour of adult males and females and adult males only. Amongst these house holds where the head of household was born out side the country, 22 were fr0111' PakistalJ. out of these, Place of Birth/La~ Residence as Related to District! 13 hOllsehQlds had composition of adult male and State/Country fCImlle and minor 'male and female, 6 housel}olds adult males and females only, one household adult As many as 67 males and 76 females were born female only and 2 households adult females and within the Kangra district in the rural areas and minor males and females. Similarly out of 26 house their place of last residence was the same as place holds who were born _in Tibet, 20 households were of birth and in the case of 52 males and 44 females composed of adult male and female and minor male who were born in the rural areas within the district and female. recorded their place of last residence different from the place of birth. The figures returned from the llrbnn areas were comparatively low as these stood The distribution of households composed by sex at 13 for males and 18 for females among nOI1- and agt? of members of migrant households do not migrant members and 13 for males and 11 for establish any set pattern as these are linked with the females among migrant members. Those who were financial position of the migrant households, avail born in other districts of Himachal Pradesh and mig ability of suitable accommodation in the town, . type rated to Dharmsala, the r~lationship of place of of family from which- the migrant household sepa birth and last residence does not reveal any pattern rated from the place of origin and the type of inter ::IS both males and females who had the same place dependence required at the place of lasi residence. of birth and residing at place other than the place An these factors play a significant rolc in deciding of birth are evenly distributed in the rural and urban the~ composition ,of .migrant families by age and sex. areas of Chamba, Shimla, Una, Hamirpur, Kullu, Mandi, Bilasplfr and Solan. The members who However, all S'Urveyed households taken together migrated from outside the state mainly belonged to including both migrants and non-migrants, there Punjab' state. There were 10 males and 9 females who were 172 households, forming 66.15 percent, whose migrated to Dhannsala from the rural areas of cOl)1position was of adult male and female and minor Punjab from the same place of birth. The cO.rres male and female. There were 49 households. formincr poneling figures from urban areas was 11 for males 18.85. percent, which were composed of adult male~ and 23 for females. Similarly, from Punjab, there and females only and there were 19 households, were 3 males and 6 females who shofted to the town ma~ing 7.31 percent, in which the sex and age com from the place which was different from the place position was of adult males only and of 7 house of birth. The re<;pective figures for males and females holds (2.69 percent) the composition was of adult from urban areas of Punjab were 8 and 12, respecti females only. 2 households, were comprised of adult vely. The migrati.911 from other states such as Uttar m~]e. and minor male/female. In the remajning Pradesh, Delhi, Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal, households, the age and sex composition comprised Bihar, Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra adult female and minor male/female. and Haryana. were marginal and hardly needs any discllssion. From amongst the countries outside India, the place of birth were reported mainly from Last Residence as rela1ed to Place of Birth Tibet ana Pakistan. Thqse whose place of birth was reported in Tibet and migrated to the town from The appendix table~44 shows the relationship the same place of birth were 5 males and 4 females. between the place of bIrth and place of last residence The corresponding figures for those who moved into The place of birth h~s been further classified by the town .from pl~ce of l?irth which was different from ru~al and urb'an status < for all places within the place of last reSIdence, were 17 males and 19 fe country and the place of last .residence has been males. Those who were reported born in West Paki clubbed .into two categories i.e. the same as place stan, 4 each males and females came from the same of birth and the one different from place of birth. place of birth. 12 males and 11 females h~d their Pa,.!~ in .respect of place of birth and plac~ of last l~s~ residence di1Terent from the rIace of birt11j ',' Employment Status of Migrant/Non-Migrant Workers Lers, 13 were males and 3 females. Similarly out of 29 cultivators 5 were males and 24 were females. The data relates to economically active population Only 4 males among non-migrant had the employ and gainfully employed persons in various economic ment status of an employer. pursuits covering both migrants and non-migrants. According to Household Survey 35.63 percent per sons were reported as workers. The break-up of Appendix table-4-5 gives details of total workers by sex about employment status by migration and total workers is; 299 males and 135 females which place of last residence. means that out of total workers 68.89 percent were male workers and 31 .11 percent female workers. The employment status of workers by migration The workers have been further clubbed according to also shows a similar trend as revealed by the non the employment status by sex i.e., employer, employee, migrant workers as overwhelming workers both single worker, family worker and cultivator. amongst males and females were categorised as the employees and single workers. Quite a few workers Out of 434 total workers (299 males and 135 who migrated from Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi females) 121 persons (79 males and 42 females) were fall in the category of family workers. None of the recorded as non-migrant as they were having their workers, migrated to the town from outside the place of last residence as Dharmsala town. Of the district is engaged in cultivation. total non-migrant workers, L~e employment status of majority of male and female workers was that of an Table VI-4 shows the distribution of workers by employee, and single worker. Out of 16 family wor- employment status and migration: TABLE v._I-4 Distribution of Workers by Employment Status and Migration --- Total Workers Percentage Employment Status .~,------. distribution Non-migrant Migrant by employment r------~------, r-'--- '----- ...... status Persons Males Females Persons Males Females ------_- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------_--_ .. - Employer 4 4 8 8 2.76 Employee 44 32 12 190 128 62 53.92 Single workers . 28 25 3 63 54 9 20.97 Family worker 16 13 3 33 27 6 11.29 Cultivator 29 5 24 19 3 16 11.06 Total 121 79 42 313 220 93 100.00 SoURCE: Household Survey data. 1986-87. Migration Stages of HouSlCholds Hamng from Outside within the state, from other states within.1he country the Town and from outside India. The migration stages have been further given for rUral and urban areas separa Appendix table-46 gives details of time gap and tely of all places within the country. Out of 260 various stages of migration of households hailing surveyed households, 192 households hailed from from outside. places other than Dharmsala t~wn. It emerges from the data that number of households who hailed from The places from where households hailed were within the district were 17 from urban areas and .l;oyered . within the distrIct range, from other districts 59 from rur o1 ",.""~ 17 hrlll<;:,.,.h ... l,i1;1 mhf\ h,,;J,.A f .." .... urban areas of the district, 8 were from Kangra, 3 13 migrated directly, 8 in two stages, 6 in three stages from Nagrota, 2 each from Nurpur and C.n. Yol and 2 in four stages. 79 households migrated to the and one each from Pahunpur and Dehra. Out of town in 1976 onwards which Dorm 41.15 percent 59 households who hailed from rural areas of Kangra of the total migrated households. Out of these 79 district, 23 households migi'ated to Dharmsala town household's, 25 migrated directly, 21 migrated in two in 1966 or earlier and the remaining 36 households stages, 11 in th~'ee stages and 22 households in four after 1966. The number of households who migrated stages. The hOllsej101ds which had migrated in 1976 between 1966 to 1970 directly from place of origin onwards were mostly government employees who were only 4. One household during this period mig shifted to Dhannsala town as place of posting at the rated in 2 stages. Similarly one household migrated Divisional headquarters and shifting of Himachal directly from \he place of origin and 3 households Pradesh Board of School Education offices and some in 3 stages from within the rural areas of the district other offices. bttween 1971 and 1975. The number of households which migrated in 1976 and onwards directly from Broad Category of the Place of Origin, Time and place of origin were 9. Households which migrated Reason for Migration in 2 stages were 6, in 3 stages one and those in 4 or more stages cQunted 11 households. Appendix table-47 gives information about the broad category of place from where the household In all 37 households hailed from rural and urban hails, time and reason for migration to Dharmsala areas of districts of Shimla, Mandi, Chamba, Bilaspur, town. Kullu, Una, Sirmaur, Solan and Harnirpur, 5 of which migrated to the town in 1966 or earlier and It is noted from the given appendix table that out the remaining during 1966-70, J 9771-75 and in of 192 hOllseholds migrated to Dharmsala town, 1976 ar.d later in various stages. Number of house 118 migrated on account of employment. Out of holds who hailed f,rpm Punjab state is 14 from urban these, 117 households (21.37 percent) migrated prior areas and. 8 from rural areas out of which 3 house to 1966, 9.40 percent during 1966-70, 16.24 percent holds from urban and six from fural areas migrated during 1971-7~ and the remaining 52.99 percent in in 1966 or earlier. Again those households who 1976 and later. 30 households migrated to the town migrated from urban areas areas of Punjab state, 3 from different places from within the district, state households migrated directly and otic household in and the country in connection with business, out of two stages during the period 1966-70, during which 17 migrated before 1966, 3 during 1966-70, 4 during 1971-75 and 6 in 1976 and later. One .1971-75, 3 households migrated directly and during household seeking employment migrated to the town the period 1976 onwards two households migrated in 1976 and onwards. One household migrated directly and one household each in three and four during 1966-70 after resigning from service. 11 stages. 8 households hailed from Uttar Pradesh and 4- households of Tibetan refugees covered under the each from Jammu & Kashmir and HaryalJa who migrat household survey migrated to Dharmsala town quring ed to the town in various stages since 1966. Similarly difTl!rent time spans on account of Chinese aggression the number of hOllseholds which hailed from places on Tibet. Two evacuee households from the Pong outside the country, majority of -them were from Dam area migrated to the town, one prior to 1966 Tibet and West Pakistan- 18 and 11 households, and one during 1966-70. There were five households respectively. 7 households each from t!.lese two which migrated to the town during various time spans countries migrated in 1966 or earlier and the remain ing after 1966 in variolls stages. on account of marriage and two households migrated after acquiring property in the town. 11 households migrated to the town after retirement from service Of the total 192 households who hailed from various and 4 households shifted to the town for imp~rting ~laces from within the district, from within the state, higher studies to their children. 8 households mig {rom other states of the country and from countries out rated to the town on account of the partition of the side India, 62 households forming 32.29 percent mig country. n~ted to Dh~lrmsala town during the period from 1966 aryd ear~jer, 23 households migrated to the town during Characteristics of Places of Origin of Migrants t~.e pe~lOd 1966-70 out of whieh 16 migrated dIrectly from the place of origin, 5 households in Table VI-5 gives further classification of migrant two stages and one hOllsehold each in three and four households with reference to the origin of place of st~!J;es. Simi1a~'ly, the households which migrated to origin of the migrants by period of migration and thy town durmg 1971-75' cOllnted at 29; of these brond categories of the places. 68 TABLE ·VI-S Characteristics (at the time of migration) of Place of Origin of lv/igratiofl alld Broad Category a/the Plde" Broad Category of place from Total Households migrating earlier Households migrating from place of origin during 1966-1970 .. where the household hails No. of than 1966 frOff) ,--_____..A.- Name of District/Stale/ house- ,------'------, ..---, Country holds Village Small Medium City Village Small Medium City town town town town ------2 3(a) 3(b) 3(c) 3(d) 4(a) 4(b) 4(c) 4(d) ------_ ------ Kangra 76 23 4 5 4 Shimla 7 Chamba 6 3 Mandi 7 Bilaspur . Kullu 3 Una 3 Sirmaur -,,-- SOlan Hamirpur -'_ 8 2 Punjab 22 6 :\ 3 Jammu ~ Kashmir 4 Rajasthan Sikkim 2 Huryana 4 1 West Bengal Mahara~htra Arunachal Pradesh Uttar Pradc~h 8 Delhi (U.T.) • Chandigarh (U.T.) 2 Tibet 18 7 Pakistan 11 7- - Nepal Hongkong Ethopia _,. Total 192 34 10 9 9 7 12 3 ...... ,'" ~9 TABLE VI-S-concld. Characteristics (at tire tim! of migration) of Place of Origin of Migration and Broad Category of the Place Broad Category of place from Households migrating from place of Households migrating from place of origin where the household hails origin durin~ 1971 ...... 1975 ,---______during 1976..A.. ___ & later• ______---., Name of Distt.jStatejCount ry .A. ---., Villnge Small Medium City village Snull Medium City town town town town .------5(a) 5(b) 5(c) 5(d) 6(a) 6(b) 6 (c) 6(d) Kangra 4 2 27 7 Shim1a 5 Chamba 1 2 Mandi 2 2 2 Blla~pur Kullu 2 Uua Sirmaur Solan Hamirpur 2 3 Punjab 2 3 Jammu & Kashmir Rajasthan Sikkinl Haryana West Bengal Manarashtra Arunachal Pradesh Uttar Pradesh 1 Delhi (U.T.) 1 Cbandigarh (U.T.) Tibet ..1 3 7 Pakistan 2 2 Nepal Hongkong Ethopia 1 Total 7 12 9 33 22 8 15 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 7 migrated from the rural areas, 12 from the small Out of 192 migrant households hailing from towns, one from medium town and 9 from cities. various places within and out!'ide the country, 62 78 households migrated to Dharmsala town in 1976 households migrated to the town earlier than 1966. onwards. Out of these 78 households 33 migrated Out of these 62 households, 34 households, forming from rural areas, 22 from &n1>loU towns, 8 from mCQium 54.84 percent. migrated from rural areas-to-Dharm sala town. 10 households migrated from small towns towns and 15 from cities. and 9 each from medium towns and cities. 23 house Tbe data reveals that migration to the town has holds migrated to the town during the period from taken place on two Ch;:l'lP~ls rural to urban· and 1966-70. Out of these 23 households, 7 migrated urban to urban. Out of 192 hOllseholds, 81 house from the rural areas, 12 from small towns, 3 from holds which constitute 42.19 percent have contriputed medium towns and one from city. Number of house. to rural-urban migration and the remaining 57.81 holds migrate_9 during 1971-75 coun! 29 out of WhlCh percent migration of households in Dharmsala ~owl1 79 has taken place from variolls urban centres. Dh_arm Characteristics of the Places of Successive Migtation sala itself is ~ sman sized town and the number of households migrated from small towns are 56 which Table VI-16 gives details of characteristics of place constitute 50.45 percent of urban to urban flow of of successive migration in two stages by time of mig migration. ration. TABLE VT-6 Characteristics of Places of Successive Migmtion in Two Sfages .hy Time of Migration fo Referent TOWII Total No. of" Num ber of households migrating to referent town Characteristic of the places households ...... , 1966 or 1966-1970 1971-75 1976 & later earlier 2 3 4 5 6 Village-Village-Referent Town (RT) 3 2 Village-Small Town -RT 3 1 2 Village-Medium Town-RT 2 ] 1 Village-City-RT . 3 1 Z Small Town-Village-RT. . 4 1 2 1 Small Town-Small Town-RT . 6 2 I 3 Medium Town-Small Town-RT 2 1 1 City-Medium Town-RT I I City-City-RT . ] Country-Village-RT . 1 1 Country-Small Town-RT 1 1 Country-Medium Town-RT 3 1 2 Country-City-RT . . 3 2 1 .Country-Cotunry-RT . 2 2 Total 35 7 8 20 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. In all, there were 35 households which migrated from outside the country to rural and then to referent to the town in---two_ sta,&e.§_._ Out of these, 7 migrated town and from outside the country to urban areas during 1966-70, 8 during 1971--75 and 20 in 1976 and then to the referent town. onwards. The two stage migration cycles around rural to rural and then urban to rural and then refer ChamcteristicSi of Successive Migltation by Reasons rent town, urban to urban and then referent town, The relevant data is given in the table VI.7 below: TABLE VI-7 Characteristics 0/ Places of Successive Migration ill Two Stages by Reason of Migratioll 1st stage 2nd Stage Characteristics ,------""'------...... , r---"--,-_----, Reason for Number Reason for No. of migration of House migration _ house holds holds 2 3 4 5 Village-Village-Referent Town (RT) Employment 1 Employment I Business 1 Business 2 Marriage 1 Village-Small Town-RT . Employment 2 Employment 2 Business 1 Business 1 Village-Medium Town-RT Employment 2 Employment 2 Village-City-RT Employment 1 EmploY11fent 1 Business 2 Business 2 Small Town-Village-RT . Employment 3 Employment 3 Retirement 1 Settled 1 Small Town-Small Town-RT Employment 5 Employment 5 Marriage I Business- 1 Medium Town-Small Town-RT Employment 2 Employment 2 City-Medium Town-RT Employment 1 Employment .I City-City-RT . Resigned from service 1 Settled ] Country-vil!age-RT . EmJ:'loyment 1 Settled 1 Country Small Town-RT Poi tical Asylum 1 Business. 1 Country-Medium Town-RT Retirement 2 Settled -_ 2 China Aggression 1 Business 1 Country-City-RT . Employment 2 Employment 2 Retirement 1 Settled 1 Country-Country-RT Employment 2 Employment 2 Total 35 35 §O'lJRCt: : HOusehold Smver data, 1986-87. n The broad categories of the reasons for the migra It is reflected from the data that at the first stage tion to the town of migrant households in first and of migration the duration of stay of 7 households in second stages are almost the same with reference to the town was 1 to 4 years, of 9 households from 5 tne- characteristics of migration. The main reasons to 9 years and of ] 9 househokls 10 years and more. for migration to the town from rural to the referent Similarly at the second stage of migration, 9 house town and from urhan centres to the referent town holds were staying in the town from the last 1 to 4 are. employment,_ business, marriages, permam:nt years, 5 households between 5 to 9 years and 21 settlement, migration after retirem~nt, Chinese aggres households for the la!:>'1. 10 years or more. sion on Tibet and political asylum. The influx of refugees after Chinese aggression on Tibet and retire ment are the important teasods for migration in tl1e first stage. The other reasons are common both_ for Characteristics of Successive Mig~tion in Three Stages the first and second stages of migration. More details of the characteristics of successive migration by dura Table VT-8 gives further details of successive mig tion of stay are given in the appendix-48 tab1e. ration in three stages. TABLE VI-8 Characte,.istics 0/ Places 0/ Successive Migration in Three Stages by tillle 0/ migration to Re/erent Town Characteristics of places involved in Total Number of households migrated to referent Town migration in succession- No. of I------~------, House 196601' 1966-1970 1971-75 1976& later holds earlier 2 3 4 5 6 ------V-V-V-Rt. V-V--St.- -Rt. 2 2 V-St.-St.-Rt. V-St.- -Mt.-Rt. ....: V-City-.'jt.-Rt. SI.-St.-·Y -Rt. St.-St.- St.- -Rt. 3 3 St.-St.--Mt.-Rt. St.--Mt.-SI.- Rt. Mt.-St.-St.-Rt. Ct.--Mt.-St. -Rt. Ct.-Ct.--M\. Rt. Country- -St.- V --Rt. Country-Mt.- -Mt.-Sf .. -'Rt. Total 17 5 12 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. V.-Village 5t.-Sroan Town Mt.-Medium To\vn Ct.-City. Rt.-Refl;rent Town! tn ail, there are 17 households who migrated in Characteristics of Places of Suc<;essiv~ Migration a~ three stages to Dh,annsala town. C?~t of these _17 Thn!e.,StageS':::by ntcasoos. L,. -'. ~, " . .., houSeholds, 5 households migi'ated 111 three stages during the period 1971-75. In case of thre~ ~ou,se Table VI-9 gives further d~raiis about the charac holds, the place of origin was rural ar~a~ ~lthm Ihe teristics of places of successive migration at tbree st TABLE VI-9 Characteristics of Places of Successive Migration at Three Stages by Reason of Migration I st Stage 2nd Stage Characteristics rw---..A..---"'_"'l .----__ .A.._-::-:-_, 3rd~Stage r---~. _'-_------, Reason of No. of Reason of No. of migration house- migration house- Reason of No. of holds migralion house- holds h()lgs 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---_ V-V-V-Rt. Employment Employment Employment V-V-St.-Rt. Employment 2 EmI1loyment 2 Employment 2- Employment " -St-St.-Rt. Employment Employmen~ V-St.-Mt.-Rt. Employment EmplOYment Employment V-City-St.-Rt. Employment Employment Employment St.-St.-V-Rt. Employment Employment Employment St.-St.-St.-Rt. Employment 2 Employment 2 Employment 2 Business Business Business St.-St.-Mt.-Rt. Employment Employment 1 Emplol'me1lt. 1 St.-Mt.-St.-Rt. Employment Emp~oyment ElhploYlfient Mt.-St.-V-Rt. Employment Employment Employment Ct.-Mt.-St.__"R~. Employment 'EmplOyment Employment 1 Ct.-Ct.-Mt.-Rt.. Employment EmplOYment Employment 1 Country-St.-V-Rt. China Aggression Business Business 1 Country-Mt.-St.-Rt. Employment Employment Employment Total 17 17 17 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986·87. \ V-Village St.-Small Town • '~t.-Medium Town Rt.-Referent Town 73 Characteristics of Successive Mjgratio!l in Four Stages by Time of Migration to ~hc Referent T~vvn Table VI-io gives details bf 'characteristics of places involved in migration in succession in four stages with reference to time. TABLE Vl·I0 Characteristics ofPlaces ofSuccessive Miifratioll infour Stages by Titm of Migration to Referent Towll Characteristics of places invo Ivci in migration Total Number of hQuseholds migr.!te,1 to refcrc:1t in succession No. of town by House ,.------"------, holds 1966 or 1966- 1971- 197(' & earlier 1970 1975 later ------2 3 4 5 6 ----~-~------V.~V.-V.-V.-Rt. V.-V.-V.-St.--Rt. V.-V.-St.-V.-Rt. V.-V.-St.-St.-Rt. 2 2 V.-V-St.-Ct.-Rt. '\ 1 V.-St.-V.-V.-Rt. .' 1 1 V.-S t.-St.-Mt.-Rt .. 2 2 V.-Ct.-St.-V.-Rt. V.-Ct.-St.-St.-Rt. St.-V.-St.-St.-Rt. St.-V.-Ct.-V.-Rt. 1 1 St.-St.-V.-Mt.-Rt.. 1 St-St.-St.-V.-Rt. . 1 St.-St.-St.-St.-Rt. . St.-Mt.-St.-Mt.-Rt. r St.-Ct.-Mt.-St·-Rt. 1 : > Mt.-Ct.-St.-St.-Rt. 1 Mt.-St.-St.-Ct.-Rt. 1 1 Ct.-Mt.-Ct.-Mt.-Rt. 1 1 Ct.-Mt.-V.-Mt.-Rt. 1 Counfry-V-St.-St.-Rt. 1 Country-St.-St.-Mt.-Rt. 1 1 Country-St.-Mt.-Ct.-Rt. _. 1 1 Country-St.-Ct.-Ct.-Rt. . . 1 1 Total 26 1 3 22 SOuJlCl : Household Survey data, 1986·87. V;--Village St.-Small Town Mt.-Medium Town Ct.- City ,Rt.-Referent TOWIl In all, 26 households migrated to Dharmsala town Three househo1ds migrated during 1971-75, one from in four stages. One household mi~rated during the the small town, QJle fro111 the city place from withiR period 1966-70 whose place of origm was small town. the country and one household migrated from outside 74 the country. There were 22 households who migrated Of the total migrant households to Dharmsala .towrtf to the town dllri'lg J 976 oilwards, out of which 11 there were 6 households who migrated to the town households migratt..u .l[ gi iaU) tf<.'iU the rural areas, from a distance of less than 10 kms. Out of them 5 households migratd o_Jg.n.'lIy from small towns, 3 were staying in the town for the last 0-4 years two households frPin n:d it. 11 towns and one f(run and their property at the piace of origin is supervisod city. Three householLs i11.grakd to the town in four each by a family member, by self and by a servant. :,tages as their places of ongin were in other countries. Three households were staying for the last 5 to 9 years. In the case of two households the supervision of property was entrusted to the family members and l)roperty at the Place of Migration one household was managing supervision by self. 11 households migrated from distances betwf\en 11 to Appendix t..lb!t::-49 gi.t. ~ de fa l!> of migrant house 20 kms., 3 I)f them wete staying for the last 0-4 holds about th~ place:> irc.11 where migrated, distance years, one between 5-9 years and 3 between 10-19 in kilometres, duratIon 01 stay and the property years and 4. for more than 20 years. Their property status of the migrant hOll;:;e~lOlds. is mainly supervi~ed by family members, relatives in combination with self supervision. 16 households migrated to the town from a distance of 21-50 kms. Out of 192 migrant households, 95 households and their duration of stay is 0--4 years for five house who migrated to the to\"11 were non-property holders holds, 10-19 years for 4 households and 20 years at the place from where they originally migrated, which and above for 7 households. Out of these 16 house constitute 49.48 percent and the remaining 97 house holds property is supervised by family n1~lllbers in holds were having property of one kind or the other respect of 14 hou~eholds. at the place of their origin. It would be observed from the table that the proportion of households owing property at the place of their origin is sUghtly more as compared to those who are non-property holders. There wer~ 33 households who migrated to the The highest number of property owning households town from distance ranging from 51-100 kms. out lies in 20 years duration of stay of migrants in the of which 21 households were such whose property + was supervised by family members and in case of town. A safe conclusion can also be drawn from the data that those households who migrated to Dharm 9 households the arrangement was of self supervision, sala town from within the district, from districts in case of 2 households the supervision of property within the state al!d from the adjoining states of Pun was made by relatives and one household had aban~ jab, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh own pro doned the supervision of property at the place of origin, 14 households migrated from the distance of perty ~ the place of their origin as compare~ to those who migrated from distant places. 191-200 kms. out of which the property was super VIsed by the family members in case of 11 house holds .. ~he remaining three households arranged self Five migrant households owning property in the supervISIon. 11 households property, out of 13, who town with a stay of less than one year migrated from migrated from a distance of 201-500 kms. was super places which arc within the range of 10-15 kms., vised by family members. There were 3 households 16 households with stay of 1-4 years migrated from who migrated from a distance of 501 kms. and more' the distance within the 10-15 kms. within the district, one migrated during 5-9 years, the other betwee~ between 200-500 kms. from the districts within the 10-19 years and the third one was in the town for state and between 201-500 killS. from states outside more than 20 years ago. All the three entrusted Himachal Pradesh. There are 13 property owning supervision of their property to their family members. households with stay of 5-.....;.9 years in the town, out of which 10 households migrated from within the district in the distance range of 10-100 kms. One Benefit Derived n:Om Property by Migrant Households household migrated from Shimla in the distance .t:ange of 201-500 kms., 2 ftom Hamirpur from a distance Table VI-ll gives the number of migrant house range of 51-200 kms. 31 households were having stay holds getti~g b.enefit fr?n1 the property left at the between 10 to 19 years and 32 of 20 years and more. place of nllgratlOn by dlstance of place and duration Majority of these property owning households have of stay at present residence. migrated from within the district of Kangra both from rural and urban areas. Majority of the non property holders .in the town are those who migrated It emerges from t_he data that out of 96 migrant from other countries. 18 of them are from Tibet households who owned property at the place of origin and 10 from West Pakistan. Overwhelming majority 42 households enj~y tl~e material benefit of property of Households not owning any property at the place at the place of mlgratIon. There are 21 households of their origin were staying in the town for the last having their duration of present stay in the town up 20 years. to four years, out of whom 13 are enjoying the ~ellefit of property. Out of 16 household_s staying ll1 the town for the last 5 to 9 years, 7 are enjoying Arr.;lllgements for Supervision of Property the benefit. qut of 26 households having stay of 10-19 years 111 the town, only 9 are availing the bene Appendix table-50 gives further information regard fit and those whos_e stay is more than 20 years in the ing supervision of property by distance of place of town 13 households out of 33 are enjoying the benefit migration and duration of stay in the town. - of property. 75 TABLE Vt-11 NUlllber a/Households G'fttillg Bene/it from the Property Left at the Place of Migration by Distance of Place oj Migration alld Duratioll of Slav ill Present Residence Upto 4.y_~rs 5-9 years 10-19 years 20+ years .A.. ___-, Distance of place of ,-----"------, r- .A.. -, r r -., migration (in Kms.) Total No. No. enjoying Total Number Total Number Total Number of house- benefit of house- enjoYing house- enjoying house- enjoying holds property holds benefit of holds benefit of holds benefit of with pro- at places property property property pertyat of migra- at places at places at places of place;; of tion of of migration migration migration migration ------_ - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 or less 3 2 3 2 11-20 3 1 3 4 1 21-50 5 4 4 1 7 2 51-100 4 1 8 3 lO 4 11 6 101-200 1 4 3 8 .2 201-500 5 4 2 4 2 1 501+ 1 1 1 Total 21 13 16 7 26 9 33 13 ·SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. Close Relations a~ the Place from where Migrated at the place from where the household mj.grated by / Table VI.12 shows degree of relationsh~p linkage duration of stay in Dharmsala town. TABLE VI-12 Close Relation at Place from where Migrated by Broad Category of Plcice and Dumtion of Stay in "Present Residence Number of Households having at place from where migrated Broad category Duration of r- of place stay in Present Mother Son Un- Cousin Un- Hus- Uncle Sister Mother, Wife Father residence with married brother married band's with & her Father, with & Family brother sister brother family son wife & son brother with child- family ren 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Urban 1 year & less 1 2-4 years 5-9~ears JO+ years 2 3 2 1 Total 3 3 2 4 1 ,Rural 1 year & less 1 2-4 years 1 5-9 .2 1 2 10+ years 3 3 2 2 1 2 Total 5 1 ~ - 3 1 4 4 2 2 Grand Total 5 1 3 3 1 7 6 6 2 1 76 TABLE IV-12-conta. Close Relatioll at Place from where Migrated by Broad Category of place and ]Juration of Stay in Present Residence Number of Households having at place from where migrated -A.-_ Broad category Duration of I --, of place stay in present Father, Brolher Mother. Father- Brother's Mother Brothers residence Mother, with family Wife & in-law son and with family Sister, Son's Brother members Uncle. daughter Aunt & brother with family 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ------Urban 1 year & less 2-4 years 1 3 5-9 4 10 I- years 2 2 4 Total 4 6 9 Rural 1 year & less 2-4 years 2 2 2 5-9 years 2 9 10+ years 2 2 1 3 2 Total 6 2 2 6 13 Grand Total 10 2 3 2 12 22 Number of Households having at place from where migrated Broad category Duration of r-'------~ of place stay in Present Mother & Son-in-law Sister & lInd wife Husband Remaining no residence other Sister-in relatives relatives law ------_.. _------_.------._------1 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 Urban 1 year & less 2-4 years 2 5-9 years 10+ years Total 3 Rural 1 year & less 2-4 years 5-9 years 10+ years 1 Total 1 1 Grand Total 1 3 SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. There are 5 migrant households, 2 having duration ~ in the rural area having unmarried sister behind. of stay between 5-9 years and 3 having 10 years There are 3 households in the urban areas and 4 and more in the town whose mothers are stayil)g at in the rural areas whose husband's brothers are the places from where they migrated. One house staying behind. Two households in the rmal areas hold in the town is such whose son with family is stay and 4 in the urban areas hRve got uncles with family ing back. There are 3 households in the urban areas staying behind. One household have left behind who are having unmarried brothers staying at the sister and -her son. There are 4 households in the place of their origin, 3 households in the rural areas urban arcas and 2 in ~rural areas whose parents with are having cousin brothers behind and one househol3 wife and children are staying beHind. Two households 92·L/S120DCO-7 77 f~o.m rural areas are baving their wives and sons number of units who migrated all at a time from I1V1ng at the place of origin and one urban hOllse otller states and from within the state. hold pas left his father and brother behind. There are 4 households from urban areas and six from rural Help Received from Various Sources During Migration areas who have left behind their father, mother sister or the total number of households migrated to the uncle with his wife and brother with family. 2' house~ ~0wn, there were 13 Hindu, one Sikh and 2 Buddhist holds from rural areas are having brothers with their households who received help from various sources families at the place of their origin. There is one during settlement in the town. Out of 13 Hindu hous~hold hailing from the rural area having close households, 4 are Rajputs, 2 Brahmins one each relatIOn of mother, wife, son's daughter a social Khatri, Badhi, Snnar, Aggarwal, Ghirith l<:umhar and linkage at the plat;e of origin. One household from BalmiJd. The sing~e family in the Sikh ;eligion belong the urban area and 2 from tho:! rural area are havin a to J at communIty and two households amongst father-in-laws at the place of origin. One household Buddhists are of Tibetan refugees. from uriJan area alld one from the rural areas whose Those who migrated from within the district are brother's son are staying behind, six households from the urban area and six irom the rural area are hav one of Rajput who received help from the co-villagers ing their mothers - and brothers staying behind at and 2 Brahmins, one Rajput and one Balmiki house the place of their origin. There are 9 households ~olds who received help from relations for settling from the urban areas and 13 from rural areas whose 111 .tl~~ town: One household of Rajput and one of Gluntn receIved help from others. One household of brothers with family are staying at the places of Badhi ~h? migrated from. outside the Kangra district their origin. Th§re is one household from the rural from withm the state receIved help from co-villagers, area whose grand-mother is staying at the place of one household of Aggarwal and one of Kumhar who origin. There is one household from rural area whose migr~ted from Harya!la state received help from son-in-law is staying behind, one household from relatIOns ap.d employmg agency, respectively. One rural area whose sister and sister-in-law are staying household of Rajput received help from others and behind, one househo.!d in the rural area is having one household of Sunar and one of J at received help second wife staying at the place of origin, one house ~rom other sotlfces w!th theIr place of origin in Pun hold from the rural area whose husband is staying Jab state. One KhatrI household who migrated from behind and 3 households are those who have no Pakistan ·received help from others. 2 households of close relations left behind. Tibetan received beIp from religious institutions and Unit of Migration other sourc.es. Out of these 16 households, 15 hailed fr~m the rural areas and only one Rajput hous~hold Appendix table-51 shows the unit of migration as halled from urban area of Punjab state. The nature related to place of_last residence, religion and castel of help received was in the form of cash kind tribe/community. clothes, living accommodation and adhoc aid and The migration period of the units has been taken interest free loans to settle in the town and to start into account from 1965 onwards. It broadly emerges some business to begin with (Appendix-52). from the data that in case of those units which mig rated from outside the country, they moved all at a Problems Faced During or After Migra'tion time with family. By and large the migrations are from within the district and from other districts of Table yI-13 reflect~ t~e nature of problems faces durmg or after mIgratIon by place from where the state. Male working members migrated to the town foHowed by their families. There is a good the household hailed from: TABLE VI-13 Problems Faced During or after Migration by Place from Where the Household Hails Place from where the Total Problem household hails No. of r-.------.A.. households Description ------,No. of No. of house- house- holds who holds for faced which still continuing -~ ~------::-~------__: --.----- 2 3 4 5 Kangra-Bandi Khas 1 Problem of living house/residential accommodation 1 Kangra-Haripur . 1 Problem to have a shop for shoe making. . 1 1 Kangra-Sukar 1 Problem of living house/residential accommodation 1 I Kangra-Sarotare 1 Problem of residential accommodation 1 Kangra-Tikkar 1 Problem of residential accommodation 1 Kangra-Neiati . 1 Problem of Employment and settlement 1 Kangra-Salayana . I Problem of residential accommodation 1 Kangra--Molag Bajot 1 Problem of residential accomodatiol1 . . . 1 Gangtok (Sikkim) . J Problem of employment and settlement. . . 1 Rawalpindi (Pakistan) 5 As a Tibetan refugee problem to have private property 5 1 and problem of employment Totul 15 15 5 SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 78 Ll 311 15 ho_useholds faced various problems. 01' Bajot of Kangra disirict raced problems of residential these, olle household who h:liled from Bandikhas, accommodation. One household migratep from Gangtok r ·92-L S120DCQHP-7(a) 79 CHAPTER VII NEIGUllOURHOOD PATTERN Dharmsala town is spread over in an area of 10.63 and the emergence out or such association of sulil sq. kms. and is divided into 13 municipal wards each ~ient hor~lOgeneity and uli,ity to permit a primary or having a continuous area. Except Kotwali Bazar and face to face SOCia] groupll1g ",ndO\\lI.~d with a strong Civil Lines localities, the habitation is sparsely dis sense of s~1f CdilS,CI~)uSnCS5 and cap:lble o[ inl1l1en.::ing tributed and there is no problem of housing conges the behaVIOur of Its s~veral constituecb·' .@@ tion. The residential pattern does not conform to uniform standards and the locaiities can be mostly With these ,observations in view, the ncighbour associated by entl1]lic composition. By and large, it lOod pattern III Dharmsala was studied. Each loca represents a mixed social habitate. However, the lity has its own characteristics and being a small remorter palt of the town is inhabited by families place people have devduped a sense of neighbour- who are the penu'!:nent settlers and engdged in agri 1ll1l':sS to each ot11cr. In common parlance it is termed culture. These parts constitute Dharmkot Naddi, 'Mohal!auari', They are helpful to each other in Forsythganj, Bhagsunag, Mcleodganj and Gamroo all s~c!?! interactions such as functions. events like localities. All the localities of the town were covered celebratwn of birth-events, marriages and ocCa])SiOllS for the survey purpose. In some cases, families have IJke deaths. This social interaction bind,> the111 and been living together for generations and social interac reciprocity is a naturrtl outcome. Not in the strict tions and hence interrelations are a natural social sense of proximity factor, people evcu ~)therwjse phenomena. In these localities the relationships do have wider links, may he due to factors such as rela not confine to mere interaction by way of outward :imJ:,hip, j','lclldship, colleagues jn the offices (though show of sympathy, but these hou(icholds/groups are l:!I1g far apart), busllless contacts etc. People of related to each other by blood relcltionship, _common ,Jdren:nt e!tH1IC groups have contacts throughout the land, pastures :md ethnic ties. 'I ht'se are indigenously lO,wn for lIlstancc ~ood. community have inter iinks wlthm the cOnlm,un.ity, Brahmins and Rajputs have homogeneous an~ may be termeLi as well knit social units having a very low rate of mobility. Their com also ~e~e1oped Similar tendencies. Sikhs, Swet:pers munity life represents similarity of He style and and, Similar other groups have inkrrelationship, the sharing common joys and sorrows. Thl.:ir participation s~rvlce clas~ persons have yet another type of offi in social events is a comu:on fe Thes~ a(·tiviti(~s are not confined to the neighbour In lower Dhannsala, Dcpot Bazar is an important hood alone, but they fan out to other places not mal'l"cL AlmCSt dll buses tl) and fro stop here. This only within the town but to other towns and villages is s:cid to be thE' nJdest place where a ration depot was open~d durjn~; the British regime. Articles of (11 the n.::ighbouri:1 g states, wherever, they tind suit ab1e mmketing (\ \'enues. They possess qualities of good daily use sneh as frlodgrajns were supplied from the s:ilr:srnansiJip and entice clIstomers quickly. They Qt"pot during the good old (hys and the place thus m()inly prefer to keep readymade garments, shoes and camc to be known as Depot Bazar. There is sufficient ccsmetics. concentration of population in this locality, business men, employees arid other communities live here. Kotwali Bazar Gyil Lin'.!s Area It is in the heart of the town and t1le busiest m::uketing centre. This locality is thick1y populated This area is nicely laid out and is mostly inhabited by elite of the to\VJ1. sLlch as Govt. officers, advocates, am! the pred!)minance of population ~s of business bl~sjnessme:1 and others. As compared to other comm1..lllity. They elre e~onomjc,'_Hy well a~ld socially and po);ticaHy aware. Irrespective of dhnic or caste lOC':11ities like upper Dharmsala this area is com p;1ratively wasmer beig sunny and some of the f:~ctors ~heir Jn2i'1 concern is business i!1t~rest and hmJses appe:w to be constwcted recently. It is a ;\;:-c bC'lmd by this si:'gle factor a:; a bL'sine~s commu nity feelings Jre an individual concern. It was obser common feature to find women sitting in common d common oCC'lpational fmkrnity, caslt! and commu courtyards and exchanging common experiences and nity feelicgs arc an ind.ividllal concern. It was obser problems. Thus thtre is an exchange e,f rne's joys ved that whenever there is a death, shnps nre closed and sorrov,'s and the life is not individualistic rather it is based on mutual faitb and good neighbourly :1S a mark of respect. They have a union of their own to watch their common intere;>ts. There was a rt' lations. big J~wtest by ;d1 shopkeepers when the. bus stm;d Sodo-cuUural and Economic Activities as well as W;-lS sh ifte(l fr,)m Kotwali bazar to a new ~ate bc<;ause AvaHabmty of cerlain facilities within and out side it :l_ffects their dajly busin..!ss. Similarly in other thc n£ig:lb{mrhoo(] m~lttel'S also lh\~y form a sepan\te entity. They fClnn i Four of the five localities namely, Kotwali Bazar, ~: powerful soc ,il and political group. In a place Jike Chilgari, Depot Bazar and Civil Lines have common: Dharmsab the soci~l interactionship is more proe fLat ures cllld have ftlore or less similar patterns in nOUl~~ed '!f. co~npared to bigger towns and cities regard to the participation into different types of where j.,dividualism plays more important part. This activities. As compared to these, the remaining loca is an :H'e of m~imls nnd people of all shacks of human lity viz., l'vkieodganj has distinct facilities. Keeving develop closer relationship through mutual 3c(i'.'i~;e., this in view the people'S participation in the Socio interaction. cultural and other activities as well as the availability Chilgari of facilities within and outside the neighbourhood have been described in a combined manner for the This locality is situated in lower part of the town, first 4 localities followed by a similar account for sep;Jr~ted by a rmllaha across the District Hospital the remaining one i.e. Mcleodganj. complex. It is mainly inhabited by Gorkhas-who ~all themselVEs as 'Ra~puts'. They are mostly ex-serVIce (i) Cultural, Social IOInd Religious Activities wi\thin the man who were given lands during the British regime Neighbourhood in recognition of their meritorious services. They have Of the 5 important neighbourhoods which have now nermanently settled in Chilgari area. The been considered for this study, 4 neighbourhoods i.e. Gorkh~ Rajputs are of Nepali origin and have. a Kotwali Bazar. CltiIgari, Depot Bazar and Civil Lines common culture, customs, languages and have a SOCIal have common cultural activiti~s connected with economic relationship within their ethnic commu Dussehra, Diwnli, Durgapuja celebrations, Navratras, nity. They feel socially secured and reciprocate in H.oli, Shivratri and othes important days as per the the hours of need. Some of the families have marital Blkrami Sambat Panchang. The r.najority of people relationship and their social interaction has deeper in this town are religious minded and they pay fre roots t's compared to other sections of the town quent visits to Bhabsunag temple, Chamunda Devi dwellers who just extend and receive mutual c? temple, Kunal Pathri, Shiva temple, Durweshw~ operation by way of courtesy. They have bUllt Mahadev and Hanuman temple. It is an interesting reasonably oood houses, developed kitchen gardens, feature to see scores of people visitino one or the raised fruit btrees in the vicinity of their residences other temple. Their activities are not confined to and those who are economically better off among their respective localities but have a wider outlook. them have also raised proper fences around their The 1~)Cation of tl1~ temples i~ any particular locality estates. While goi_ng around this mohalla it was i~ or neIghbourhood IS not restncted to the inhabitants teresting to find a sign boards displayed on roam of that patticul~r locality. Dussehra is celebrated entrance showing the names of those who got gallantry with great enthusiasm in the Kotwali Bazar and Ram awards, medals and decorations with brief account lila is staged 'during Navratras in Kotwali Bazu 81 area. Similarly Diwali is also a common festival of \1odel Secondary school, JBT school, B.Eel. college all Hindus irrespective of caste barriers. and I.T.1. are all situated in a beautiful complex. ~tu~en:s from. all localities attend their respective (ii) Cultural Sodal and Religious Activities outside lIlshtutlOns. Pnmary schools, middle and nursery the Neighbourhood schools are howc\ er, functioning within the localities Chamunda Mata temple, Brijcshwari temple at also. There is no problem about the educational faci Kangra, Chi ntpurn i, J awalamukhi and other impor lities. Apart from Govt. schooL ther.; is a public tant temples in the district are of great importance school ncar Sidhbari known ,)5 S,lcreo Heart school to the town dwellers. Another place of interest is w~lere children are sent for better cel:1cation by the 'Chinmaya Mission' at Sidhbari. It has been deve e~lte. of the town. School has d~ployeu a bus for loped on a heautiful site and an impressive temple piCkIng and leaving the students from their hOllses. has been cnqstructed therc. On Sundays and other import:mt days, many groups of people from DharlTI Medical facilities ~re available in the District Hos sala tnke p,lrt in prayers, discourses and other pital,. Dharamsala where, outdoor and indoor patients activities of this Ashram. Facing Dhauladhar ranges are ~Iven treatm.ent by qualified doctors and specialists. the Ashram is dedicated to arouse faith in God through ~esldes, there IS a good number of private practi study, prayer and meditation. tlOners both of allopathic and ayurveda. Dal MeJa F(~r. recreational facilities people from all the Dal T\lda is celebrated in September every year to localIties come to see the movies in Cinema H211. mark the end of monsoon and welcome the pleas::mt There is only one Cinr :md the temple of Durweshwar Ma out~ide h~lidays, week ends. It IS a commoll feature to lind several hadr:v i!': 811 importnnt ce-ntre of attraction, Dussehra, groups visiting Chamllllda telUple, Kunal Pathri Diw(lli ~nct Boli are of great religious importance but Dal M"Ja is particular to Dharmsala. Dal lake temple, Bhagusnag temple :mel Durwcshwar Mahadev is close to Mcleodganj and people from the neighbour temple ncaf Dal lake duril!g L.::sti,d l'l" on week ends. Dh,>_;l11sala is rich in i1oi-al wealth and people in ing villages are attracted to this fair to witness the fair and do the annual shopping aIs(I. Sweaters, cludlJ1!_i foreigners fino s;.;]:{udc ,llld c;;]m atmosphere bangles, ho;:-,ery articles, fruit and many other articles ~.iround ]\~c1~ouga!)j ~rea. Smail groups of people are found enJoytng PIC-l1lC under the thick shade of Oak are 0:1 ::;41~ and shopkeepers make a hay day. and Chir groves. In the educational co;nplex of the People fl"ODI all localities of the town including the shrewd Tibetan businessmen are mostly attracted to to;VIl, team~ of boys play various games. In lower Dnarmsala there are good playgrounds where re this fair. creational activities are organised. TOl!rnaments and (iii) Purchase of Commodities Inside and Outside functions attr<\ct brge number of people from all the Neighbourhood / ' over the town and their activities are not confined to Kotwali BaZ8r is the main market of the town and a particular neighbourhood alone. all important hulk transactions are maele from this market. The other important market is Kachheri There is a club in the town known as 'Raja Raghubir Singh Club'. Its membership is restricted Adda which serves the lower areas such as Depot Bazar and Civil Lines. Chilgari area is sitnated in ~mly to persons of higher economic or social status I.e. officers of level of cbss II and above member the central and people prefer to make pur p~ace ship fee is Rs. 25 P.M. It was esiablish~d on 29th chases from Kotwali B::1Zar. There are I'~w shops April, 1931 and its membership ill July, 1987 stood within the neighbourhoods also but they keep t man at SO. Its main activities are social, cultural and items. Hawkers and other enterprising people visit househ0Jcls during the day. The household articles, recre.ati(;)J1_~l. .TI~e members mostly play indoor gflmes and Its JunsdlCUon is restricted to the town limits only. vegetables, sweets, cloth and other consumer goods are availab'c comparatively on competitive rates from the main marketing centre. No locality has Mcleodganj : (i) CuJt,u'ai, Social and Religious Acti. complete marketing centre and have, therefore, to yities within the Ncighbourhood depend on the K otwaJi Bazar or the Kachehari Adda market. Furniture and bedding material are also Mcleodganj area is mainly inhabited by Tibetans available ~ither iii Kotwali Bazar or Kachehari Adda. and they are distinct in their social behaviour with Smal1 p~rch8ses of tea leaves, sugar. salt, biscuits, t~e loc:al. popuJ.iltion. A growing number of residen cigarettes or bidis are, however, available within the tial bmldmgs, dhabas, restaurants, antique and curia localities. Sm811 dhabas and tea stalls are, however, shops have r~cently come up. The Mc1eodganj hazar found in every localitv hecause Government in5titu has been transformed into a commerical centre tions and offices are spread over almost in all parts Tibetans have a colourful cultural life. They cele~ of the town. brate their new year by hoisting colourful flags and prayers. The cultural life of the Tibetans is centred (iv) Educational, Medical and Recreational Facilities around religion and they derive their inspiration from Insjde and Outsri!e thc Neighbourhood Buddhism. It is a common sight to see lamas and other The educational institutions are situated in lower re~igious. persons chanting hymns and 'malas' of beads Dharmsala (Civil Lines), Govt. Degree College with WIth theIr wheel cJ1akra even while walking or attend post Graduate classes, separate for boys and girls, ing to routine duties. 82 The Buddha temple is situated opposite the present the settlement of Tibetans here. Cloth and woolJens residence of His Holiness, the Dalai Lama and it is a are also - purchased locally. Tibetan shopkeepers place of great importance to all Tibetans. In the bring bulk supplies from outside markets and they centre of the bazar in Mcleodganj there are drums are known to supply foreign made goods which are which are revolved around by the Tibetans. The in demand by the locals under the impression of good Bud,dhist monastery and nunnery are frequenterl by quality. monks and others as places of great religious impor tance, l~ducational, Medic-a] and Recflea~iollal Facilities Ins,ide and Outside the Neighbourhood. The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts is qbout a kilometer from Mcleodganj. There a number of There is a residential school at a distance of 2 Kms. musical, dance and theatrical instruments. It holds from Mcleodganj known as the Tibetan Children's an annual ten days folk opera commencing on Village on a picturesque hill top, The village has a second saturday of April. large educational complex consisting of 30 homes, two hostels, modern school buildings ranging from A Tibetan handicraft centre is situated in Mcleod nt!fSery to high classes, playgrounds, staff quarters, gallj where a good number of young boys ~nd girls a dispensary, handicraft-cnm-vocational trajning are employed. The articles produced by this centre centre, a community hall 83 CHAPTER VIII FAMILY LWE IN THE TOWN Dharmsab town is situated in the lap of Dhaula the influence of liquor and the factors contributing dnar nmges and is essentially a tourist resort free personal likings and dislikings in the neighbourhood. from uir pl)ilutioll and primarily an administrative There are rejoicings and celegrations in the family town. T!ll' elite comprises government officers and on the occa&siol1 of the birth of a melle child, mar staff loc TABLE VITI-l Distribution 0/ Head 0/ Households hy Number 0/ Members and Age 0/ Head 0/ Household Age of Head of Number of Households having members Household ...., Single ------~ ------2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-12 13 and Total above -_ -_ ..------'--- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ---.-~----~--.--.- - _------_. ------Below 20 20-29 5 5 2 2 3 ]7 30-39 4 5 10 16 22 40-49 7 1 2 67 2 6 4 13 17 16 2 60 50---59 4 8 7 10 10 60 and above 16 4 59 7 10 6 9 4 3 Total 9 9 57 15 31 33 47 61 48 16 6 3 260 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. The data shows that out of 260 surveyed house for male and female heads of households by age holds, 15 are single member households who con groups. It is observed from these tables that sons and stitute 5.77 percent of the total surveyed households. daughters is the predominant relationship both in the Of the single mem~er household~, the age of head case of male and female heads of households. in respect of 5 households is between 20-29 years, in respect of 4 households each between 30-39 years and 50-)9 years and it ranged between 40-49 years Househohls by Nature of Rela~ionship of Members in case of 2 households. However, it is diffictilt to with Head of Household establish any cOIJrelation between singh: member households and the family life in the tmvn as these Table VIII_..2 shows that 260 households have fur heads mostly comprise unmarried males and females, ther been classified by nature of relation to head of widows or widowers and the households having two the household and migration status of head of house establishments one in Dharmsala and another at hold. The nature of relation of head of household the place of origin. There are 31 households of two has been further clubbed under 41 categories of re members each, which constitute 11.92 percent of lationship. The relationship has been discussed fur total surveyed households. Heads of :) hOLlseholds ther amongst non-migrant and migrant households, each belong to the age-group 20-29 years and 30 to separately. As already mentioned there are 54 non 39 years. 6 heads are in the age-group of 40-49 migrant and 260 migrant households out pf the total years, 9 in the age-group ~)f 50-59 years and 7 are 260 surveyed households. The family composition is of the age of 60 years. These households mainly chiefly of self, spouse, unmarried sons and daughters. comprise couples, or a widow /widower with cne This speaks of tbe trend in favour of nuclear family dependent. There are 33 households of 3 members style of life. In case of 5 non-migrant and 7 migrant each which make 12.69 percent of total surveyed households the family composition comprises of hus households. Out of these, heads of two households band and wife only and in the case of 15 migrant are in the age-group of 20-29 yeats, 10 each in households are constituted by single member only. the age-group of 30-39 years and 60 + years, 7 In 11 households (7 migrant and 4 non-migrant) the in the age-group of 50-59 years and 4 in the age-group relationship was of the nature of self, spouse, married of 40--49 years. A sizeable chunk of the surveyed son and son's wife with or without unmarried sons households numbering 108 (47 of 4 members and and daught~rs. In 18 households which include 17 61 of 5 m~mbers) comprises 4 to 5 members and migrants and one non-migrant, the household com mainly include husband. wife and dependent children. position was of the self (female) unmarried son/ 48 households are of 6 to 7 members each whose daughter. The relationship was of the nature of self, family composition invariably include hus12and-wife, spouse with or witho:It unmarried son/daughter and parents, unmarried brothers and sisters and children. without mother in the case of 5 migrant and 4 non There are 16 households each having 8-9 members migrant households. In 10 migrant households, family and 13 households of 10 members and more who comprised self (female), married son, son's wife and mainly comprise joint families. unmarried son/daughter. NatIlI~ of Relation of Members ~o the Head of House Distribution of households by nature of relation hold '., 'M ,'- of member~ to head of household and migration Nature of relation to the head of the household. status of head of household is given in table VIII-2 is depicted in appendix tables 53 and 54 and below: TABL1!:vm-2 Distribution of Households by Nature of Relation of Member to Head of Households and Migration Nature -of Relation of members to head of household Number of households where Remarks migration status of head of house- holds is Non-Migrant Migrant Total 2 3 4 5 1. Self 15 15 Migration is taken 2. Self, spouse 5 7 12 from the place of 3. Self, Spouse, Unmarried sons and daughter. 31 101 132 birth 4. Self, Spouse, married son and son's wife with or without Unmarried son's and daughters . " 4 7 11 5. Self, spouse, married brother, brother's wife with/without unmarried son's and daughters . . 1 1 " 6 .. Self, spouse, manied:brother, brothet's wife. llUUTied son, sonS wife with! without unmarried son's and daughters '-'. " .. -'. '. . - . . 5 5 7. Self, (male) unmarried son/daughter 1 5 6 8S TABLE VTn-2--concld. 2 4 s -~ ------_ --_--_------S. Self, (Female) unmarrkd son/daughter 17 18 9. Self, Spouse. "'l;th or without unmarried son/daughter and widowed Father 3 3 I O. Self, Spol.i';~, with or without unmarried son/daughter and widowed Mother 4 S 9 11. Self, (Male) unmarried brother/sister 12. Self, Spouse, married brother, brother's wife, unmarried son/daughter unmarried brother and widow mother 13. Self, spouse with unmarri;:d. son/daughter widow brother and other relative 2 3 14. Self, (Female) unmarried brother and sister 1 15. Self, (Femalt-) mllrried son, son's wife, unmarried son/daughter 10 10 16. Self, (Male) married son, son'~ wife and unmarried son's daughter 2 17. Self, (Female) SOD'S wife married son, Son's wife, unmarried son, daughter 18. Self, (Female) son and widow mother 19. Self, (Female) Mother 20. Self, (Female) married son, son's wife and unmarried children and widow daughter and daughter's daughter 2 21. Self, (Male) unmarried son's son 22. Self, (Male) Daughter-in-law 23. Self, spouse, unmnrried sons and daughters and servant . 1 3 4 24. Self, (Female) Son, Son's wife, SIson, S/daughter Son's son daughter. servant 25. Self, (Male) Cousin 1 26. Self, spouse, married son, son's wife. unmarried children and male servant 3 27. Self, wife, Son's daughter 1 28, Self, F/Brother's, sister B/D/Husband, B/Daughter and Brother'S D/Daughter 1 29. Self, (Female) unmarried son 1 30. Self, (Male) F-riend 3 L S~lf, unmarried son and daughter and H/Mother 1 1 32. Self, wife, n1:lrried daughter, Daughter's son Daughter s daughter 1 1 33. Self, (Male) sister, sister's wn's wife, eister, son and daughter 34. Self, spouse, married daughter, D/Husband, Daughter's/daughter, son, married daughter 1 1 35. Self, (Female) Sister, D/son 1 1 36. Self, Spouse, Son's son's wife married Son's son, unmarried son, daughter 1 1 37. Self, (Male) Son's wife 1 38. Self, spouse, married son and unmarried children 1 1 39. Self. spouse, married son, married daughter and unmarried son 1 I 40. Self, spouse, unmarried daLlglner, son, brother, BISon 1 1 41. Seif, spouse, unmarried son's son ~ t Total 206 260 SoURCJ: : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 86 Type of Households Sood'), 6 are of nuclear and one of lineal \vith servant. Similarly out of 11 households of Balmikis 10 are Appendb: -5 5 gives further distribution of l"':;ust, nuclear and one of supplemented nuclear. holds by caste/tribe/community and by type of house holds. To sum up, out of 260 households 55.38 percent The appendix t<,ble-55 reveals that out of :nO 'lr~ nucl~ar, 9.23 percent are sub-nuclear, 5.77 per l".:: ,t ~r~ single member, 4.62 percent are supple surveyed households, 144 households ur~ nllclc~'r. mented nuclear, 4.23 percent are lineal joint and Out of th~se 1.44 households, 41 are of Rajputs, 31 I 92 percent are lineal collateral joint ~!nd the remain of Brahmins, 20 of Tibetans. 10 of Khatris ilnd Bal mdds eaeh apj 7 Mahajans. The remaining house ing 18.85 percent are of other types. To facilitate the holds are spread over other castes/ commllnitie5. r..:ader to understand the different classifications of There were 12 supplemented nuclear households out tbe households by type, the illustrations arc given in appendix-I. of which 5 are of Brahmins, 2 each of Rajputs and Badhi .. a.-:d ore each of Khatri, Balmiki and Ghirith, 24 households are of sub-nuclear type, 50 percent Members Sta}ing Outside with N~lture of Link with of which belong to Rajputs, 3 to Khatris, 2 each to Household. Brahmins and Chaudhrys and the remaining one each to Badhi, Tibetan, Kabirpanthi, Mahaj(.tn and Lahar. There arc 15 households composed of single Table VIH-3 gives details of households whose member only out of which 6 belong to Tibetan, 3 to dose fvmily memb"rs were staying outside by rela RajplIt, 2 to Brahmin and one each to Badhi, Jat, tion/ caste or community. Suna)' and Jhter. There are 11 households of sup plemt'nted lineal joint type and 5 of lineal-collateral Ollt oJ 260 households covered under the survey, joint type and the rest are of other types. there are LOS households whose clos~ family mem bers are staying outside Dharmsala town. Out of these 105 households, 87 are of Hindus, 2 are of Types of Families Amongst Important CasteSi/Commu~ nities Sikhs, 15 belong to Buddhists and one a Muslim. As regards the caste/CI,JTnmunity break-up, it is evident Out of 79 Rajput households, 41 are of nuclear lhat there are 31 Rajput hOllseholds, out of which type, 12 of sub-nuclear type, 2 of supplemented 29 households are such whose close family members nuclear. type, 3 single person, one of collateral joint ~(r.: staying in Himachal Pradesh to which heads of type, 6 of lineal joint type, 2 of lineal collateral joint household belong and OIle each belongs to Punjab type and the remaining are of various other types of ~,l1d Jammu & Ka~hmir. One household each of Raj households. Shnilarly out of 56 Brahmin households, pLlt, Badhi and Majgotra whose close family mem 31 are of nuclear, 5 supplemented nudea!;., 2 each of [-Ins are st'lying outside but the heads of households sub-nuclear single member and lineal joint, one house h~ils from Punjab state. Similarly, there is one house hold is lineal collateral joint and remaining belong hold of K umhar, whose head belongs to Haryana to othel," variolls types. The type of households of and one household each of Brahmin and Mahajan Tibetiln reveals that out of 30 households, 20 are whose heads belong to Uttar Pradesh. The hem1 of nuclen:', 6 single person .and one sub-nuclear and the one household each of Rajput and Brahmin be!ong remaining 3 hou!leholds are of various other types. to Jammu & Kashmir. There are 15 Buddhist house holds whose close family members are staying be hind, originally b~long to Tibet. Out of 105 house The break-up of 21 Khatri households is 10 nu holds a great majority of 82 households whose family clear, 3 sub-nuclear, one each supplemented nuclear members are ~taying outside, the heads belong to awl lineal collateral joint and the remaining 6 are of Himachal Pradesh showing close links of the migrat other types. There are 11 households of Mahajans ed families with close family members s~aying behind. out of which 7 are nuclear, one each of sub-nuclear, Appendix table-56 shows households whose family lineal joint and lineal collateral joint. One household members are staying outside by religion/caste/tribe is of other type. Similarly out of 7 households of and community and distance of last residence. x7 TABLE VlIT-:l Household, whose Close [:;"Ii/ify )v1t:mz,ers are Sl,lying Outside hy Religion alld Caste or Tribe or Community and Place, State 0/ belonging of Head 0/ Household Religion ::lfld elSIe or Tribe or Total No. Nl!1l1b~r of households whose fam:l}' members are staying outside and Community of he3.d (1\' homeh;·!d ~)f h\)u~~> where head of household belongs to j 1 o!Js r -.--.---.------'---... ------.... ------., Him;:ckll PUf1jab Haryuna Gttar Jammu &: Tibet Pra.;.:')]1 Pradesh Kashmir ._--__ . __ ------_ 3 4 5 6 i 8 .---.. --_------_. ------..------..... - Hindu Rajput 31 29 Brahmin 24 22 Nai Muhajan 4 3 BaLl1iki 3 3 Khatri • 10 10 Agg.wwal Sood 3 3 Kuisthu Badhi 1 1 Gh.irHh 1 Lohar 1 1 Sehug;]1 Chaudhri Zheer Kohli Kumhar Total 87 80 2 2 2 Tibetan Buddhist 15 IS Sikb Jat Mljgotl'a 1 Total 2 1 Muslim Sayed Total Grand Total lOS 82 3 2 2 15 SOURCE Household Survey data, 1986-87. 88 Pal'ticulars of Family Members Staying Outside by 11e1'S staymg outside by broad age-groups who are re Age and Relation to Head of Household lah.:J cO :l...:~:d:-, of hOll~( holds. Ltbk V If I 4- furnishes particular~ of family mCl11- T "'ilL!: \' 111-1 Purlieu/ar.< 0/ Family Member, Stayillg O(/I~itle by 4ge I/ild Relatioll!> I,' Head of H(JlI~cholcJ TABLE YIll-a -colldd. Particl/lars 0/ Fa llily Members Staying Outside by ARe alld Relatiolls to Head 0/ !1ouse""lrl ------_.------_._-----"'---- Number of staying outside who <>re related to head of hou5ehold as AgeGroup , Husband D/Daughter SISon D/Husband S/daugh c. BISon 10 11 J2 13 1-1- 16 0-9 10-14 15-24 25-34 1 1 35-59 14 6()- Total All Ages 15 3 SOUUCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. I n all 207 members of various households covered Persons Slonying Ontsiri'! hy OC~Rpatim; of Heau of lIP.ler 'he survey are reported to be st~ying outside iHm;st'ln,I,) and '~?'_urc ot Reh{;om.h!p with Head I )hul msala town, of which 26 arc relah:d to the Of Household head\> of the hous~hold as fathers, 51 as mothers, 43 as sons, 21 as daughters, 28 as brothers, 15 as l,'..lsbands, 8 [IS wives, 5 as sisters, 3 as son's son, 2 ~pp~mlix TabL ·57 gives ,.:cup: .LH:)!l~tl distribution 2~ srm's wife Hnd one each as daughter's daughter, of head 01 hOl!se ,Ie:. 'Ina tt..: nUlubcr of households daughter's husband, son's daughter, brother's son and whue Ule:L_J0t~r:, a Sta) 'll~ OUbiu!.! as rdated to husband's father. the IH:ad of household. 89 Out of 105 households whose close relations were of family life in the town are added during tourist staying outside the town heads of 84 households were season when tourists, and close relatives of the people engaged in different occupations and headsl of 21 r\;~jdil1g in Dharmsala move in the town and there households have been reported as economically de IS a visihle charm to see a pleasant change in the pendent. The det<\* regarding relationship with ht:ad family life of the town's residents. of households have already been discussed. Particulars of ~Family Menibers Staying Ouis;dc There is regul~IJ' socio-economic linkage of the Par_!-iculars of family members who are stayi'ng households whose relations are staying outside lhe outside are given in Appendix table-58. Further, a iown. There are social inlcractirms and fnmily rc break-up of family members showing particulars of lnlcns on all important vital cvent~ oLcuring in lhe n011-worker family members who are staying oUbide household <1110 also on festive occassiolls. FII.:qU<::llt by natllr~ of activity and relatlonship to head of vb:ts arc exchanged :1l1d cordial relati, os .are main 1l011~~hold are given in Appelldix table-59. Out of ~a :ncd. Those households whose relations are stayi ng 121 non-workers 57 were depe::ndent, J 9 were cngag..:d \Villlin tht district out~;\.!e the {own or in the other in h('!ls('ho~d dUly, 44 were studer:ts, '-l were sce1.;ing Lii.'>tricts WitiUli th_t: state, keep a personal touch with job and 3 were retired, r renliers. th~;r close relations and lool-,,~fter their movrtble and iU1!'lOvat 1e prop(·rty ;lIsa, Th :lse households who arc • 11 :'.ppcnuix table-60 paTliculars of family mcm economically aClive in the 10wn ::,end remittances t,l b..:rs arc given according 10 occupation and relation their ell):,;, rel::lti:li1s 90- CHAPTER IX HOUSING AND MATERIAL CULTURE Housing is one of the necessities of life which go The above table reveals that on an a\ ..:rage, 4 on changing with the advancement made both econo pCI sou::. occupy Olle census hOllse. '111erc ell C 4 wards mically and socially. It is not only a necessity to have I.e. Ward No.1, IV, Vl and All1 where, the average a house but a comfortable house adds to efficiency and number of persons per cenSLlS house is above the serves as an indicator of the social status of thc average of the lown. Ward No. I is comparatively members of the household. backward and rural oriented. Ward No. IV and VI fall in lhe heart of town and Ward 1'\0. XIII is also According to 1981 Census, total number of oc comparatively thickly populated and ill the remain cupied census houses in the toWll were 3,331 and ing nine wards number of persons per cenSllS house number of households were 3,404 with a population are equal to the average or the town. of 14,522 persons. , In Dharmsala towIl, the climate and altitude are The following table based on r981 Census data the important factor~ which have the bearing on the gives details of census houses, number of census type and style of housing pattern and the choice for households, population and number of persons per residence. Houses are generally constructed on solid census house for each ward of" the town: foundation and there is ample space for rai~ing struc tures in the town. Houses are generally square in shape with rectangular entrance and gable roofs TABLE [X.! s.uiting the traditional housing pattern of the hill Wardwise Number of Census Houses, Households, Population alld areas. However, the traditional pattern of house Persons per Census House in 1981 construction is changing rapidly and all new construc tions both government and private including Tibetans arc of modern design i.e. pillar construction which Ward Number 'No. of No. of Popula· No. of occupied House- tion persons are easier to construct and are earthquake proof. census holds perCen· Houses sus House ReJation of ScJedcd Houses with Adjoining Houses in Space by Locality 2 3 4 5 The following table provides data on nature of ~elationshjp of ~elected households with the adjoin- 664 665 3,546 5 111g households 111 space in each locality with refe II 534 .54Q 2,169 4 rence to separate compound and without compound. It is observed that out of 260 households there were III 343 361 1,363 4 209 households' having compounds attached to their residences. None of these households is facing any IV 81 81 371 5 prob~em of sharing water and latrine with the neigh V 223 224 883 4 bOUrIng households. 51 households have residences without compounds, but these households also with VI 171 177 804 .5 the exception in the Shaheed Smark, are not facing VIT 229 234 877 4 any problem of sharing water or latrine with the neighbouring households. This shows, that by and VIII 239 242 919 4 large, the housing pattern and design in Dharmsala are such that there is no scope of unpleasant rela IX 167 176 603 3 tionship with the co-neighbours and adjoining house X '( 135 135 589 4 holds on account of sharing space, water and latrine etc. Although almost all houses are getting regular XI 141 141 516 4 water supply, still the facility of independent latrines XlI 1« 153 544 4 is not available- in every house. The problem of shar ing the latrine is not experienced on account of natu xm 260 269 1,338 .5 ral topography of the town, as those households "" which are not having this facility, generally go in the Total 3,331 .. 3,404 14,522 4 field to answer the call of nature. This practice is very common in the localities touching outskirts of SoURCE : Census of India ) 9$1. the town.,,,, - 91 TABLE 1X-2 Relation 0/ Selected HOl/ses of Selected HOl/seholds with Adjoining lfollseholds in Space by Locality Locality 10tal I louse holds with Households without No. of compound compound House- ,_----"____ --, , __ .A.. ___ -. holds No. of Problell1 No. of Prob'em Housc- faced Housc- faced holds W::.tCI/ holds water/ latrine latrine etc. etc. ------_- 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. (a) Dharmkot 26 26 (b) Naddi 2. (a) Forsythganj 29 19 10 (b) Bhagsunag 3. (a) McJeodganj 19 15 4 (b) Gamroo 4. Sangam Park 20 n 9 5. (a) Khajanchi Mohallu 14 9 5 (b) Chandl.!r Marg 6. Kotwali East 23 20 3 7. Kotwali West '23 . 23 - 8. Arya Samaj/Gurdwaru . 2i 20 . 1 9. Chilgari 21 , 18 J 10. Kaehehri Addu 11 '8 3 1 I. Depot Bazar. 10 8 2 12. Civil Lines . 21 17 4 13. Shaheed Smark 22 15 7 Total . .'260 209 51 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. in Dharmsala town, there are 110 multi-storied Material of Floor houses and there is no problem with reference to Predominant construction material of floor has rioor of thl,; house. And no problem has been ex been classified as stone, mud, cement and wood. perienced by the households occupying the ground The data based on sample households reveal that out and first tIoor of the same house. The details regard of 260 households, 22 households are such in which ;ng lime and cost of the construction of the houses predominant material of floor is stonc. These are were collected at the time of survey gives the broad mostly old houses constructed with the local material. approximate figures as the households changed from Similarly, therc are 54 houses mostly falling in time to time and those households who happened to Dharmkot, Naddi and BhagsWlag localities in which be the owners of the house exaggerated the average the floor material is of mud and in 13 houses there market value. are wooden floors. The traditional material' of stone, Predominant Material of Houses IDud and wood used in floor .are gettinz fa~t replace ment by cement floors. Thus, out of 260 houses 171 As already mentioned, the house type and the houses are such, in which predominant material of predominant construction material are linked with floor has been reported as cement. This itself speaks climate and altitude of Dharmsala. Majority of the of the changing trend in the construction material of houses in Dharmsala town are fairly old and built floor. in traditional hill style using mostly the material Wall Material locally available_ i.e. stone and timber. The layout of the houses 'is designed in such a way that the struc-· The predominant material l,lsed)n ti;te cqnstruction tures arc exposed to tile directions of rising or sett of walls include stone, mud, bricks? cement and wood. ipg sun. The typical hill housing culture is un~er Stone is commonly used botl:l in ~the construction of going a fast change with the mqdern constructIOn traditional and modern houses as cOut of 260 houses, m"terial of cement, iron, bricks, and mortars. 78 houses have stone walls. Cement and b'ricks have Modern bungalows/houses arc coming up in each been used in the constr(lctiort of 71 and 63 houses. _locality and latest housing designs arc ~dopted .in rec;pcctively. 34 40uses ~ave oIDUe!, walls and 14 of new constructions. All Government housmg coiomes wood. These houses are mostly located in Dharmkot. ih the town Government offices, hotels and Tibetan Naddi, Bhagsnr:iag -and -Gilmroo localities. MUd and colonies are' now constructed of RCC material' sup wooden walls are getting·-re-placement by stone and plemented by 'bricks and mortar. bricks in the new constnlctiClns~· ' Material 'Of Roof and slates and G.I. sheets are considered most suit Slates, Galvanised Iron Sheets and Reinforced able. RCC roofs are getting popular in the modern Cement and Concrete have been used as the predomi hOlJsing ;deslgn. nant mateEial Qf the roof. Slates arc locally available from the Bhagsunag and Khanyara slate mines. Material of Cemng, (loors and windows Slates are essentially used on slantic and slopy roofs. Wood and plywood are the predominant material The same is the case of G.!. sheets. However, in the used in ceiling. Wood was reported in the case of 59 new constructions RCC material is used for fiat roofs. houses, plywood in 75 houses and tin sheets in 42 Out of 260 houses, roofs of 117 houses were predo houses. Doors and windows are primarily of wooden minantly of G.I. sheets and tin sheets and of 59 were material. of slates. There were 84 houses roofing material of which is of. RCC as heavy rains and snow falls are The following table gives distribution of houses regular .features in the town. Roofing _design and by predominant construction material of floor, wall, material are of great significance, hence slopy design roof and ceiling by locality. TABLE IX-3 Distribution of Houses by Predominant Materials of Floor, Wall, Roof and Ceiling by Locality Locality Predominant Material of Floor Predominant Material of Wall r------__A,--~--___, r------A.. Stone Mud Cement Wood Stone Mud Bricks Cement Wood ----L 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ,fO ------I. (a) Dharmkot 3 20 10 4 10 5 3 4 3 (b) Naddi 2. (a) Forsytllganj 2 10 15 3 7 3 6 5 2 (b) Bhagsunag 3. (a) Mcleodganj 5 5 14 6 3 3 6 1'" (b) Gamroo 4. Sangam Park . . 1 14 2 6 5 3 4 -- 5. (a) Khajanchi Mohalla . 14 4 3 4 4 (b) Chander Marg 6. Kotwali East . 4 15 1 8 5 7 7 1 7. Kotwali West 5 2 16 1 9 2 5 5 1 8. (a) Arya Samaj 1 3 15 3 1 6 6 1 (b) Gurdwara 9. Chilgari . 2 1 16 5 2 5 5 10. Kachehri Adda 2 2 9 3 2 6 6 11. Depot Bazar 1 9 - 4 1 4 5 1 Il. Civil Lines 3 13 5 1 3 9 2 13. Shaheed S~lark 2 11 8 1 6 5 Total 22 54 111 13 78 34 63 71 14 Locality Predomina,nt Material Predominant Material Predominant Material of Roof of Ceiling r---__..A..-._----, of Door & Window r------A.------, .-~.A.. Slate Concrete Iron Wood Plywood Tin Wood Iron (RCC) Sheet/Tin ------II 12 13 14 15 16 ---- 17 18 I. (a) Dharmkot 10 10 3 14 11 26 (b) Naddi . 2. (a) Forsythganj 9 10 13 7 3 10 29 (b) Bhagsunag 3. (a) Mcleodganj 4 5 9 6 3 1& (b) Gamroo . 4. Sangam Park . . 2 4 8 4 6 20 -.. . 5. (a) Khajanci\i Mohalla . ~ 5 5 3 8 1l 14 .-;0:- (b) Chand€lt· Marg 4- 6. Kotwali East . 4 8 2 4 23 ~- 7. Kotwali West 2 8 7 2 5 23 8. (a) Arya Samaj 3 -4- 10 4 5 10 21 (b) Gurdwara 5 1l 3 9. Chilgari . 4 10 '- 21 10. Kachehri Adda 5 3 8 5 6 11 11. Depot Bazar 4~ 10 4 4 8 10 12. Ci,vi\ Lines . 6 7 t4 3 9 21 13. Shaheed Smark 2 10 17 2 8 22 Total. 59 8.4 117 59- 75 42 259 ?2~L/S120DCOHP-a - 93 Hous~holds Classified by Number of Memhers, data, gives details of households classified by number ~tf«' or R~1ns Occupied of members, number of rooms occupied·in each locality The 'following table, ba·sed on household survey of .the town TABLE IX-4 Households Classified by Number of MemDers, Number of Room.~ Occl/pied and Locality ,. . Locality Househ"olUs with Households with Total Total ,Total- one room two rooms No. of No. of' No. of r----~---___, r---~----. members House- rooms No. of No. of No. of No. of r-~----. holds House- Members House- Members M F studied holds r--A.,.----., holds r---""~ M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 --- ._- -_--- 1. (a) Dharmkot 71 64 26 80 5 9 7 9 23 24 -(b)'Naddi . 2. (a) Forsytb&anj 58 71 29 59 16 29 36 8 19 21 (h). Bhagsunag 3. ~). Mc1eodganj 39 53 19 54 7 10 17 7 14 17 ) Gamroo 4.. sang am Park . 40 34 20 41 9 14 II 6 16 10 5. (a) Khajanchi M.ohalla 33 40 14 46 2 7 3 5 9 13 (b) Chandet Marg 6. Kotwali East . 66 62 23 79 5 14 9 4 10 10 7. Kotwalt. West . 48 54 23 92 2 I 1 5 10 14 8. (a) Arya Samaj 41 47 21 67 2 5 4 10 13 20 (b) Gurdwara 9. Chilgari. 54 49 21 70 2 4 3 8 26 15 10. Kachehri> Adda 29 39 11 43 1 1 4 1 2 1 11. :pepot Bazar 29 16 10 31 I 2 5 13 8 12. Civil Lines 46 38 21 63 5 8 9 5 9 6 13. Shaheed Smark 53 44 22 55 6 12 14 8 22 11 \ Tofal 607 611 260 780 63 116 118 81 186 170 Locality- ·Households with three Households with four Houeholds with five rooms rooms rooms ,-----"------, r-----A.------, r----.A. ----, No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of NO'. of House- Members House- Members House- Members holds ,--'--,----, holds ,_..A...----, holds ,--'-----, M F M F M F 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ---- I. (a) Dharmkot . 2 5 7 7 25 22 (b) Naddi . 2. (a) F01'8ythganj . 2 5 7 2 3 (b) Bhagsunag . 3. (a) Mcleodganj 3 2 (b) Gamroo . 4. Sangam Park . 3 5 6 2 4 5. (a) Khajanchi Mohalla 2 3 6 2 5 3 3 4 (bjehander 'Marg . 6. Kotwali IDtst 5 16 16 1 3 2 2 5 5 7. Kotwali West 4 9 10 5 11 6 1 1 2 8. (a) ATya Sarna:; "- 2 6 6 2 5 2 2 4 6 (b) Ourdwara " 9. Chilgari . 3 3 5 5 8 14 lQ. Kachehri Adda 4 13 12 1 2 2 2 4 s: 11. Depot BazaF 1 3 2 1 4 3 12. Civil Lines 4 7 7 4 II 10 13. Slmheed Smark 2 3 5 4 7 7 1 .4 3 Total 35 81 91 33 '83 74 ]0 23 32 94 TABLE IX-4 concld... Households Classified by NumJ:Jr of Members, Number of Rooms Occupied and Locality Households with six Households with HOl;lseholds with Ho~seh9Id~ ~ith __~~~~ seven rooms eight rooms flIl!e .r09Il.ls - r- --, r-----A. r-----.A.._--, r-___.A..----. No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of House- Members House- Members House- Members House- Members holds r----"--, holds r--..A..---, holds ,--"-----, holds ,---"---, M F M F M F M F --_- -_------'--- 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 1. (a) Dharml(ot 3 3 3 2 (b) Naddi . 2. (a) Forsythganj . 2 2 2 (b) Bhagsunag 3. (a) McJeodganj . 4 9 3 8 8 ~ (b) Gamroo 4. Sangam Park 3 3 5. (a) Kh ljanchi Mohalla 4 5 2 6 (b) Chander Marg 6. Kotwali East 5 14 16 4 4 7. Kotwali West 3 5 13 2 3 5 8 3 8. (a) Arya Samaj 5 t.; 2 3 2 (b) Gurdwara 9. Chllgari 3 2 6 3 4 7 10. Kachehri Adda 1 3 8 4 4 11 . Depot Bazar . 2 5 2 12. Civil Lines -;--. 2 8 4 3 2 13. Shaheed Smlrk 5 4 Total ]9 59 70 3 J 1 9 11 29 27 5 19 20 SOURCE : Hou~ehold Survey data, 1986-87. ~ The above table reveals that the-re are 780 rooms TABLE IX-5 in possession of 260 households which means the Distribution of Households by Number 0/ Rooms and Average average number of rooms occupied by each house Number ofPersons Occupying each Room hold is 3. The data further reveal that, there are 63 Number of rooms Number and Average No. households having a single living room in which 116 percentage of of persons males and 118 females live and this average works households per room out 3.7 persons per ro.om. There are 81 ,households with ------2 l a population of 356 persons who have got 2 rooms ------each with an average of 2.2 persons per room. 35 Single room 63 (24.23) 3.7' households have 3 rooms each with a population of 2 rooms 81 (31.16) 2.2 172 persons and the man-room ratio works out at 3 rooms 35 (13.46) 1.6 1.6 persons. 33 households with a population of 157_ 4 rooms 33 (12.69) persons have 4 residential rooms giving a ratio of 1.1 5 rooms -10- (3.85) 1 1.1 persons per room. There are 10 household~ each occupying 5 rooms with a total population of 55 per 6 roqms 19 (7.31) 1.1 sons i.e. on an average one person is occupying one 7 rooms 3 (I. 15) room. Similarly there are 19 households with a popu 8 rooms 11 (4.23) 1.6 lation of 129 persons having residential accommoda 9 rooms 5 ( I. 92) 1.1 260 (100.00) tion of 6 rooms each, and on an average, have 1.1 persons in ea~h room. 3 households have a residential accommodation of 7 rooms each with a total popula SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. tion of 20 persons revealing an occupancy ratio of Households Classified by Number of Married coup.. one person per room. There are 11 households with and Rooms Occupied by them --- a population of 56 persons having accommodation of ~ rooms per household and the average occupancy Appen~ix tab~e-63 gives further details of occupie ratio is 1.6 person per room. 5 households have a rooms III relatIOn to number of married couples. accommodation of 9. rooms each having a population Out of 260 households, 51 households are sud of 39 persons and the average works out to a little in which no married couple has been reported. Ot more than one person per room. The following state of the remaining 209 households, there are hous( ment gives percentage distribution of households by 24 holds with one married couple without other men size of accommodation and average number of per~ bers aged 5 and above and 158 households with OJ sons occupying each room~ . 95 (H-LlSI20Ip.? HP-.'l(a ) married couple living with other members aged 5 rooms each, 11 households '()ccupying 8 rooms each years and above. There are 21 households having 2 and 4 households occupying 9 rooms each. In all married couples each and living with o~her members 1,094 persons have been recorded from 209 house aged 5 years and above. There is one household ~th holds from which varying number of married couples 3 married couples living without other members aged have been reported. The average size of the household 5 years and above and there are 5 such households works out at 5.2 persons. reported living with other members aged 5 years and HousehQlds Classified bv Locality and Per Capita above. Floor Space . There are 40 households having varying number Per capita floor space available for residential of married couples who are occupying only one room purposes is an indicator of the extent of housing pro each. 64 households occupying 2 rooms, 27 house blem or the degree of housing comforts available for holds occupying 3 rooms, 31' hou~eholds occupying an individual. Data based on sample households re 4 rooms, 10 households occupying 5 rooms, 19 house lating to this aspect have been given below in holds occupying 6 rooms, 3 households occupying 7 tnble IX. 6. TABLE JX-6 Tlollsehold~ Clavsijied by Lomlity alld pel" Capita Floor • SpOlce -~------~-- --- Locality Households Per C'lpita Floor Space ,---"----,,--_::,------"------, Total Number I or less 2-3 4-5 6-9 10-15 16 & above No. of of sq. metcr sq. metres ~q. m~trc~ sq. metre'> sq. metres sq. Metres house- mem- ,-~.A.~----,,--..A.___,,--..A.-__.,---"--___,,--..A.-__, ,------A.- _ __, holds b;;rs No. of No. of No. ofNa. of No. ofNa. of No. of NO.l)f No. of No. of No. of No. of house- mem- home- mem- house- me:n- home- mem- hOll~e- m::m- house- memo holds bel'S hold" bel'S holds b~rs hold~ hers hold, bers holds ber., 2_ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 ---- I. (a) Dharmkot 26 135 4 18 7 39 9 45 2 15 4 18 (b) Naddi "- 2. (a) Forsythganj' 29 129 ~ 16 8 48 8 39 4 11 2 2 4 13 (b) Bhagsunag ~ 3. (a) Mcleodganj 19 92 4 32 5 25 5 21 2 3 10 2 (b) Gamroo 4. Sangam Park 20 74 2 S 5 2"5 4 11 3 7 5 22 5. (a) Khajanchi Mohalla 14 73 3 18 5 22 4 25 2 B (b) Chander Marg 6. Kotwali East 23 12R 10 3 28 7 39 2 R 6 28 4 15 7. Kot.waH West 23 102 2 12 6 37 9 36 6 17 II. (a) Arya Samaj -- 21 88 2 11 3 16 8 31 6 26 2 4 (b) Gurdwara 9. Chilgari . 21 103 3 17 8 ""38 3 15 2 20 5 13 10. Kachehri Add:t II 68 2 18 () 3 22 5 22 II. 'Depot Bazar 10 45 2 12 3 12 3 11 2 10 12. Civil Lines 21 84 6 5 22 7 30 5 J6 3 10 13. Shahecd Smark 22 97 8 42 3 18 7 25 2 7 2 5 -Total 260 1,218 10 66 46 268 61 295 .60 269 49 212 34 108 ;iOVlteE :'Household Survey data, 1986-87. 96 it ~s observed from the above table that 66 per G~lrdwara Road. Chilgiri, Civil Lines area and speak sons III 10 households and 268 persons in 46 house faIrly of good standard of accommodation available holds arc having per capita (loor spacc of only 1 sq. per head and. C?11 an average, each per~on has got an ~eter or ~ess and betwcen 2 10 3 sq. meters respec ll1dcpemlcnt llvlllg room. . tively. ThIs shows that the standard of accommoda tion for members of these households is far below the minimum requirements as for normal living in AyuiJability or AmclIi6cs by Locality t~e house a man needs a cot to slet::p, some space t9 SIt and move about, and measured by these require The civic amenities available in the the household.s ments, the p~r capita floor space reflects miserably in generally include Kitchen, bath room, lavatory, elec human conditions. The households in which the per tricity, availability of potable drinking water from capita floor space is below one sq. meter are falling different sOlIrces and water 'supply for washing pur in ICfcali'ties of Bhagsunag. Gamrao, Sangam Park poses -etc. Some' of the households are' having these and on~ in Kotwali East. Households with per capita amenities independently whereas in the remaining cases floor space of more than to sq. meters numbered 49 these amenities a~ shared by more than one house... and of ] 6 sq. meters and more numbered 34. These hold as per appendix table-65 mld tables IX-7 "and households are sQread in all localities more particu TX-8 based on 1981 Census relating to Dharmsala larly in Kotwali East, Kotwali West, Arya Samaj and town are given below: TABLE lX-7 PART-A: Households alld Pv!,u/atirm by Availability 0/ Electricity and Toilet Facilities and Tenure status 0/ Houses ocr:upied in Dharmsala Tenure Status of House occupied Total No. Electricity ~ ___Toilet---A Facility______, of House ,------~------, holds Available Not available Available Not available , __ _...A.-----. r-...... --___A..----.... ,--_...... _--, .------"----, House- Popula- Housc- Popu!a- House- Popu!a- House- Popuia- holds tion holds tion holds tion holds tion 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total 3,309 2,894 10,720 415 1,577 1,612 6,256 1,697 6,041 Owned 1.108 908 4,421 200 976 436 2;361 672 3,036 Rented 2,201 1-,986 6,299 215 601 1,176 3,895 1,025 3,005 SOURCE: Census of India 1981. TABLE IX-8 Households by source 0/ Drinking Water in Dharmsalu Total No. Well Tap TubewellfHand- River/Canal Tank Others State/ of House pump Distt·f holds ,-----"-----., r---A.------. ,--~ ,_--A._----., r;----..A..---, t--..-A.----, Tah.! Within Outside Within Outside Within Outside Within Outside Within Outside Within Outside Rural! U.A! Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Premises Urban City! Town 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3,309 38 l7 1,214 1,909 5 11 2 18 85 Urban Dharm sail. - (M.e.) SOURCE: Census of India 1981. Data based on household survey reveal that out of are 83 households, -mostly concentrated in Dharm 260 households,# 226 houselrolds forming 86.92 per kot, Naddl, Bhagsunag and Gamroo localities, who cent are having independent kitchen and 13.08 per were without bath-room facilities. 36 households cent are not having independent kitchell. Similarly forming 13.85 percent arc having independent lava 163 households fanning 62.69 percent are having tory whereas 34 households forming 13.08 percent jndependent bath-rooms and whereas 214 households share this amenity with other households. 90 hOU8C~ are sharing bath-rooms with other households. Tnere holds forming 34.62 percent are not having facility 97 of any lavatory. These households fall in agricultu The town is electrified and 249 household are ral loca1i~ie? and are mostly labour class households. having this amenity independently forming 95.77 per cent whereas 4 share this amenity with other house~ As per amenit~s of drinking water and water holds. There are 7 households without electricity supply for washing purposes are concerned, the data connections which are situated in the locality of reveal that 149 households forming 57.31 percent arC' "',,~dlii, DharI1,1kot, Bl}.agsUI}ag, Gamroo and Sangam having the basic amenity of potable drinking water ParJ.c: These households comprise of agriculturists and supply independently and 98 households forming Iflbour class. Judged in terms of civic amenities avail 37.69 percent are sharing with other households. able in the tov,:n, the localities of Dhannkot, Naddi, There are '''cmly 1'3 liol1scholds mostly located in Foi1>ythganj, Bhagsunag, Gamroo and Sangam Park Dhannkot, Naddi, Bhagsunag and Gamroo localities nrc: comparat!ve!y backward and lacking these basle .wh TABLE IX-9 Households Classified by Locality, Duration of Stay ill the Present Residence alld Tellural Status Locality Duration of Present Total Number of households living residence No. of in houses which are households ---, owned Rented Allotted ------2 3 4 5 6 1. Dharmkot Less-l year Naddi 1-4 years 2 I 5-9 years I 1 10+ years 23 22 1 26 24 2 2. Forsythganj Less-l year 1 I Bhagsunag 1-4 years 3 2 1 5-9 years 3 2 1 10+ years 22 10 9 3 29 10 14 5 3. Mc1eodganj Less-l year Garnroo 1 -1- years 2 J 5-9 years 1 1 10+ years 16 10 5 1 19 10 6 3 Less-l year 4. ~angam . , Park 1-4 years 2 2 5-9 years 5 '1 2 2 10+ years 13 4 5 4 20 5 7 8 5. Khajan,chi Mohalla Less-l year Chander Marg 1-4 years 1 1 5-9 years 2 2 10+ years 11 6 4 14 6 7 6, \ Ko(wali East Less-I year 1 1 -"""'- 1-4 years 3 1 1 5-9 years 1 1 10+ years 18 13 5 23 14 7 2 Less-l year 7, K_qt!,,~li We~t 1-4 years 1 1 5-9 years 3 1 ":! 1 10+ years 19 13 3 3 23 14 5 4 98 TADLE IX-9 cOI1c!d. liulIsclwlds Classified by Locality, Dllr,:lioll of Slay ill the Present resit/ence and Tenllrai Status L~cality Our-alion of T.otal Nuulber of .bo~1lo1ds~ying Prescrt No ..of in hplJ:ses whiFlJ. ff~ resi.d'~nc(! hOll~cholds r- . .-. Owned' R~ntdd ~ Allotted 2 3 4 , 6 8. Arya Samaj Less-l year Gurdwara 1-4 Years 3 2 . 5-9 years 2 1 1 10+ years 16 8 6 2 21 11 7 3 9. Chilgari Less-I year I 1-4 years 6 5 5-9 years 1 1 10+ years \3 5 6 2 21 6 12 3 10. Kachehri Adda Less-l year 1-4 y~ars - 5-9 years 2 1 10+ years 9 7 1 J1 8 2 ] 1. Depot Baza!._ Less-l year 1-4 years 1 1 5-9 years 4 2 2 10+ years 5 3 2 10 S 4 1 1; Civil Lines Less-1 year - 1-4 years. 2. 2 5-9 years 5 1 4. 10+ years 14 7 7 21 8 13 13. Shaheed Smark ,- Less-I year 1-4 yeilrs 3 3 - 5-9 years 5 1 10+ years 14 3 10" 1 22 3 17 2 Total 260 124 103 .33 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. The data reveals that out of· 260 households, 124 Existence of F'umit~re by LQ~ality an.d D~ti9, of households forming 47.69 percent are owJied by the 'Stay occupants whereas 103 households. or' 39.62 percent Type of furniture and various· items' .cf. !{UEniture are living in tented accommodat10n. 33 households alongwith the quality and .de~gp. . .ser;ve ~ ,an 'in 1. Tawa (Griddle) for baking or preparing chapatls 1. Steel/Brass . 9 2. Parat • for_kneeding the flour ·2. Steel/Bronze/€Iay .- .. 16 _~, Karahi (Cauldron) for cooking and frying 3. Stee/Bronze 35 -4. Karacbhi (Oaddle) for stirring the process of co oking 4 Glass/ Aluminium 3 5. Steel/Brass/Aluminium 6 5. Patila' (cookiogpot) for boiling and cooking 6. SteeIjBrass . 3 6. Batlohi ~ for boiling and cooking rice and 7. Steel 114 pulses on large scale 8. Steel(Bronze . 1 - -7. Bharoli (earthen-pot) for cooking 'Sag', pulses and curry 9. Tin plate/Glass 1 ------~-- 10. Aluminium/Bronze 1 1I . Steel/Aluminium 18 Out of 260 ho_u~eholds, 5 households of Buddhist 12. Steel/Bronze/Aluminium 2 have got no cooking utensils as they take food in the 13. Plastic/Glass 3 Mess. Of the remaining 255 households, 102 house 14 Crockery/Steel 15 holds u.se cooking 'utensils of steel/brass/aluminium, 1 59 households use steel/brass, 24 households use 15. Crockery aluminium and steel, 22 households use utensils of 16. Steel/China Oay 6 steel and 77 households of aluminium and brass. There 17. Steel/Brass/Crockery 2 are 19 households who are using cooking utensils of 18. Bronze/SteeljCrockery • 3 aluminium only and 5 households are using cooking 19. Steel/China Gl~s 3 utensils- of aluminium, steel and brass. The rem..ain 20. Steel!Aluminium/Crockery 3 iug -7 households are using utensils made of one metal 21. Having no utonsiJs 5 or the other. The most COmmon utensils used for serv- Total 260 ~ ing. are as U].lder: SOURCE: HousehoJd Survey data, 1986-87 • •1. ThalilThal (a metal plate). used as serving plate Brass/Steel!Aluminium has been returned as one 2. Katori/Kauli (Bowl) to serve vegetable/pulses of tIl.e most cOmmonly used metal for cooking where 3. Tumbler to serve water, milk, tea an as steel has been repofted as the most COUlmon metal butter milk Eor ·serving. As' a result of modernisation and new 4. Spoon. for servi'tg !}nd eating food cooking technology, the traditional u~ensi1s 'for cook _' ing and servh1g rtr~ ~eing replaced at a faster speed. 100 trocker~ made of clay and glass and stainless steel in appendix table 64 the households have beeti plates ,md bowls are HOW increasingly used in most classified by locality showing migrant and'-non-migrant {)f the ~ousehold~ for s\.!rving the food. Utensils mado 8tatu3 and the type of fuel and light used: of plastic are also filiding their entry in the kitchen for storing and serving purposes. The latest cooking Luxury and Costly Items Available i,n the lIonseholclll technology added to the kitchen include LPG gas, cooking range, pressure cookers, pressure boilers, cook ing steamers, solar cookers, heaters and electric Luxury and costly items have bearing on the ma kettles. These items of cooking have introduced terial culture of the households and the pr~sencc of modern cooking technology having its impact on mode these items in the house reflect the bverall improve and style of serving food also. Further details of ment in the living standards and economic viability of utensils classified by religion and caste/tribe/commu the people. Presence of articles of personal comforts, nity and migration status are given in appendix table lUxury goods and costly items in the sample house 68. holds is given in table IX-I! below: TABLE IX-ll Presence ofLuxury and Costly Goods by Locqlity Locality Total No. of Number of households possessing No. of House- r------"- , House- holds Wrist Table Wall Radio T·Y· Gramo- Tape- holds possess- watch clock clock phone. recorder ing no luxury & costly goods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. Dharmkot Naddi 26 2 21 7 17 3 2 1 2. Forsythganj Bhagsunag . 29 2 27 9 3 14 11 6 3. McleodgaIij Gamroo 19 17 4 15 9 4 4. Sangam Park . 20 2 16 12 12 1l 5 5. Khajanchi MOhalla Chander Marg 14 14 11 2 10 11 8 6. Kotwali East 23 2 20 13 2 19 15 - , 9 7. Kotwali West 23 23 17 2 20 16 9 8. Arya Samaj Gurdwara . 21 20 12 3 20 15 10 9. Chilgari _ 21 21 17 1 19 16 2 12 10. Kachehari Adda 11 11 10 1 10 8 - 4 11. Depot. Bazar 10 9 4 1 7 5 3 12. Civil Lines . 21 21 15 1 18 14 5 13. Shaheed Smark 22 22 13 2 17 13 6 Total 260 8 242 144 19 198 147 5 82 Number of households possessing .A. Locality Camera Two-in- Refrigera- Sewing Washing Gun Telephone Fan Gold SlIver one tor Machine Machine Orna- Ornament ment 1 11 12 13 14 ~S 16 17 18 19 :10 _. 1. Dhartnkot Naddi . 2 3 1- 5 2. Forsythganj Bhagsunag • 2 1 1 1 a --. 1 1 3. Mc1eodgaIij Gamroo 2 1 1 7 6 4. Sangam Park . 2 2 1 1 . 1 S. Khajanchi Mohalla Chander Marg 4 4 -_ ..... 6. Kotwali East 3 1 4 1 7. Kotwali West 5 1 ....:... 8. Arya Samaj Gurdwara • 1 3 - 1 9. Chilgari . 2 4 1 2 10. Kachehri Adda 4 1 1 - 11. Depot-Bazar 1 -'- 12. Civil Lines . 2 - 1 2 4 2 1 13. Shaheed Smark 2 1 3 7 1 1 .2 _. j Total 2S 10 29 16 4 2 - 7 16 12 SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 101 ~U! of ? TABLE IX-12 Pres_ence 0/ Luxury and Costly Goods h;: Educational Level ofHead 0/ Household Educational Level of head of Total No. of J"{umb~l' or hO'H:::~:JIJ, P03'i'.}ssin3 household No. of Households r------'--- house possessing Wrist Table Wall Radio T.V. Gramo· Tapo holds no luxury & watch clock clock phone recorder costly goods 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------, ------1. Illiterate . . . . 31 6 28 9 22 9 2 2. Literate without Educational level 11 10 4 7 2 1 3. Below Primary . 14 1 12 8 12 4 4 4. Primary 20 1 19 10 14 9 3 5. Middle 44 43 21 4 31 22 11 6. Matric . . . . 49 48 31 5 41 34 19 7. Hr. Sec.llutermediate IP. U.C.. 21 21 12 2 16 18 8 8. Non·technical diploma not equal to d~gree . '. . . 3 2 2 3 9. Technical diplo!lla not equal to degree . . 2 2 1 2 1 1 J lO. Degree and above 57 ·57 ~6 6 50 47 2 32 Total 252 8 242 144 19 198 147 5 82 I EducationaUev.el.of head of Number of househol$.is possessing I;:o~ho\,," .. ' ----A.' ~amera Two-in- Refri- Sewing Washing Gun Tele. Fan Gold Silver one gerator Machine Machine phone ornament ornament H 12 13 14 1-5 16 17 18 19 20 1. llliterate . . . . ·3 4 5 2- 2. Literate without EducationalJcvcJ 3. Below Primary'. . . 3 3 4. Primary 2 3 2 1. 1 2 5. Middle . • . 5 -, 5 1 1 3 4 6. Matti5; . -' . {j 3 - ._J 6 1 2 1 7. Hr. Ss:.~./Intermediate/P.tJ.C. . 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 8. Non·~hnical diploma not equal , to d~¥ree. . . . 1 9. Techttlcal diploI!!a not equal-to degree . W. Deg~ a.nd aboye 9 15 4 3 1 3 1 1 Total 25 10 29 16 4 3 2 7 16 17 SO\JRCE ; Household Surveydata1 1?86-87. 102 Aithough there is no definite trend indicating the modern and westtrn style dresses. Traditional loose presence of lUxury and costly goods by educational and long collarless shirts have been replaced with level of the head of hou~ehold, yet it can be safe1y shirts tailored in the latest style. YO\lngesters have concluded that most of the luxury and costly goods started wearing multi coloured ~nd check desj,gned. are in the possession of those households who arc ready made shIrts and jeans. Pants and baggies have educated upto degree level ond above. Wrist watches rq)laccd the traditional trousers both among male'S and table clocks, radios, '1 V sets and taperecorderS, aha females. The young and old, belonging to both cameras and refngerators arc mostly in the possession sexes, have almosl descarded the headwear of turban of those households whose heads are ed\lcatc::d uptq anq cpp and tl\c dress of head gear has almost been middle standard and above. Out of 57 househohfs replaced by fashionable hair dressing style amongst heads of WhICh ~ry degree holders, all households are educated males and females. possessing wrist watches, 50 are having radios, 47 TVs 46 table clocks, 32 taperecorders and 15 :lhe educated young girls have al~o started wearing refrigerators. Appendix table 70 gives details regard Ul1l-sex dresses. Educated ladies, government employees ing presence of luxury and costly goods by locality and females belonging to bu·siness' community wear and occupation of head of household. Sari and blouse. The school boys and girls students wear the Qress of notified uniforms of their institu The data in appendix table 70 reveals that presence tions and Jlave a prefer:cn~e to wear re~dy made ·frocks of luxury and costly goods are more predominant in and shirts as a part of aaity dress. the localities which form core of tile town and most c<$t1y items and luxury goods are in the posses~ion Alollgwith the change ill attitudt? towards tr~<;iit.jp~ of Qouseholds belonging to service class and busil}~ss nal dress and incrca~ed liking for western style cO}_IlmunitY. Wrist watches and radios, are ho~evcr, clothes, the use of artificial jewellery, co sma tics and common items possessed by most of the households otrer pedUlpes have als.o incr~ased among ed,u.cat~d in each. locality professing various occupations. serving ladi~s, women-folk of affluent .b.QPseholds ,and these items almost makes a part of the makc':'up titess Dress of newly wedded. The expansion of business and trade in these, items through Tibetan markets has For tQ.~ purpose of dress, the urban population can fUl:th,er popul.ari~ed their use _in the daily life. A be divided inlO three. cultural groups. The first group is of tl!e native residents who are traditonally wedded considerable change has also been observed in the to their old customery way of dress, and mainly con footwear pattern. The plastic [ootwears have become mpre popular in the daily use. Imported shoes avail si&!s of Gaddi population who live in the upper re able through Tibetan market are quite in use in tJle ~oter part of the town i.c. Dharmk.ot, N~ddi, Bhag s).ma,.g, ·Gamroo localities. Their male dress mainly town. D!lrin~ rainy an~ ·snowy season. long rubber shoes are worn by those who can aflora. Leatber corlsists of Pagri, Chola-dora (loose type of an over sh9.e;; and ballies alongwith woollen and .nylon socks coaJ "made of local wool and spun and woven incli are prescriped as Rart of uniforI»s to the sFu~e~ts:: geJlo~ly), Kurta, Churidar Pyjama. and focal shoes. Female dress cpnsists of Ghagra (Nawachari), Dora, Churidar suthan and round woollen cap. Usually the On account of continuous cbange in dress pattern, children put on round woollen cap, ehala-dara and footwear and ornaments etc. new enterprises have churidar pyjama. also sprung up in the town to meet the latest designs of cloth and dress. The local cloth sellers have equip. In the second culfural group falls the Tibetans who ped their shops with the latest variety of cloth in have now become very important and sizeable seg cotton, synthetic and woollen varieties and a good ment of the urban population. Their dress consists of number of tailor shops have also come up to cope Choga, Sweater, Shirt, Coat and Pants. with the demand or latest tailoring designs of male and female dresses. Shops of ready-made garments In the third group, there arc all others who chiefly and dresses are also catering to the needs of the town are elite of the town. Their dress consists of shirts, dwellers. Fashionable dresses, pull-overs and other pants, coat, sweaters and shoes for males and salwar, auxiliaries to the modern dress are available in plenty kurta, dupta, sari, sweater, koti, chappals and sandals in the Tibetan market. The economically, well-otf for femal,es and there is no peculiarity in the dress as households use night suits and gowns while the poor it is common throughout northern India. The male have still to eonten~ themselves with poor clothing dress ha~ the v!§ible impact of westernised culture. equipmcnts especially the rags which have of late been popuhirise4 J.llostly by Tibetan hawkers. However, a very rapid change in dress culture is beil1g noticed almost in all the communities. The tra Gorkhas wear Nepali cap which js a peculiarity of ditional dresses are gradually being replaced by their dress item. 103 CHAPTER X SLUMS, SlIGHtED AND OTHER AREAS WITH -SVRgSTANDAIID LIVING CONDiTiONS Slums, as the term goes, do not prevail in Dharm Ull:t some households art: living ill small and old sala town. The layout pattern of the habitation of the houses. Stt ong walls and elldurable roofs arc not only town is "OIl' the ridge and the houses are scatten:d all par-t of the honsing llurtcrial but an essential aspect pvc.r <;liong the slopes with no s~ope _of drain water (1f the hill hou!Sing cultl~re for bearing the bruht o[ stagnating in any locality of the town, The dirty water the heaviest rainfall .and snow. Public utility scrvice~ like public taps, street lights, lanes and streets arc from all localities has a natural draihage into the ad serving almost every house of the town in each loca joining 'Khuds'. All localities of the town are con lity. The housing standard ~md general stand~rd of nected' with natural drainage system for guttering the living -in some of the households in D_harmkot, Naddi, dii"~ and dust with the help and assistance of the con Bhagsumfg and Gamroo areas are comparatively poor servancy &.taff of local Municipal Committee.. The but these cannot be classified as blighted areas. (opobrraphic._hygiene and the environmental cleanli lj}CSS or the town are maiillained by nature wI}en the The overall environmental and sanitary conditions t-own is flashed by heavy rain and all streets and of the town .are almost identical in all' .the locaHtieli drains are automatically flushed. However, in some starting from 'Civil Lines to Mcleodganj area. By and Eoc]j;:ets, specially in the uppermost Dharmsala com large, Dharmsala (own, which gives majestic look p'rising .Dharmkot, Naddi, Bhagsunag and Gamroo from Yol and Kangra, has got neat and clean lanes area~, SOme households are living in sub-standard ,and streets with drains passing through each locality housing conditions becau~e, they are tne labourers through natural drainage· into the adjoining' "khuds', mkinly engaged in agriculture and mining. However, The ;stigmatic characteristics of slum areas, blighted by lftefal meanings, they cannot be" called' as shim and sub~standard living conditions are conspicuous by dwellers, In some of the cases it haS" been observed their l1on-existance in Dharmsala town. Cl iAPTER X'I ORGANISATION OF rOWER ANI) PRESTIGE Power and prestige are the two dominant factors scmbly constituency of Himachal Pradesh. III the through which the social,. economic and polil.ical Parliamentary elections held in 1984, Dharmsala town affairs are controlled, momtorcd and regulated nght was one of the constituent units of Kangra Parliamen from the household stage to the national leveL In t~ry Constituency. From _this unreserved cons(itueney, every/community, village and town, there .ure ~lways Mrs. Chandresh Kumari of Congress (1) party was Sl'me influential persons who find a recogmtJOn In lhc elected as Member Parliament. From Dharmsalu'town, society on account of their level of education and men she secured 2,512 votes out of 4,124 valiavotes polled tal make-up, sound economic position, attitude to at different polling stations in the towii which cons~i~ wards solvin!''' the problems being faced by the people, tute 60.69 percent voters. Bhartiya Janta Party has respectful advance· age and ~ich and va~jed experience also quite a strong political hold· in the town. The in every sphere. Dharmsa!a IS c?mparatlvely ~ compo BJP candidate Shri Sarwan Kumar secured 1,470 site and small town and Its reSIdents are havmg elosy votes out of total valid votes polled. In other words contacts and social ties. The organisation of socio BJP candidate was placed at a second position so economic power and prestige in Dhannsala town i_s far as Dharmsala town segment was concerned. The vested in selected personalities who scem to have res following table shows the number of valid votes polled pectful position, for- themselves, in their respective in favour of various candidates belonging to various \vards/localities and in .-.the town as a whole. political parties ipc1uding the independent candidates Dharmsala town does not form any separate parlia for the Parliamentary scat from Dharmsala segment mentary constituency nOr even an exc1usive urban as- at various polling stations. TABLE XT-I(A) Lok Sa,)!ta seat 1984, Votifl,f? Behaviour i'l Dharmsala TOlVll No. and Name of Polling station Number of valid votes polled in favour of r------.-A. _____ ------, Ajit Ashok Chandresh Charan Daya- K. K. Shanta Sarv,a.n Suraj Total Kumar Kumar Kumari Dass shil Sharma Nand Kumar valid (Cpn Jamwal (TNC) Sarotry (Ind.) (fnd.) (Ind.) (BJP) (fncl.) votes (Jnel.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 10 II ------2- -Dharmsala-I 13 33R 82 436 3 -Dharmsala-2 9 257 4 4 4 15 311 601 12-Dharmsala -3 21 416 2 8 243 691 I :l-Dharmsala-4 3 139 67 209 14·-Dharmsala-5 15 306 2 4 149 478 l.i-Dharmsala-6 9 368 2 3 229 612 16 -Dharmsala-7 8 412 6 246 675 1 7-Dharmsala-8 3 276 143 422 Total 81 2,512 11 R 6 37 1,470 2 4,124 SOURCE: Election Office, Dharmsala. In 1985, Shri Mool Raj Padha was elected as of BJP. In the Vidhan Sabha elections also, Dhnrm MLA belonging to Congress (I) for the State Assem sala town forme4 a segment of the overall assembly pl~. He ~ef~ateQ his neares! rival Shri ~ishan Chand cOn$tittlency. The details of votes polled in favour of 105 e.ach cilndidate from different polling ~tations Qf Dharmsala town are given in the table below. TABLE XI-1(B) Vidhan SaMa Seat 1985 : Voting Behaviour I'n Dharmsala Town No. a~ Name of PoUini station , ______Number of votesA polled ______in favour of -, Total Kishan Col. Dil Mool Rakesh Swami valid Chand Vikram Raj Narayan Shanta votes (DIP) Singh Padha (CPI) Nand (Ind.) (INC) (Ind.) ...,.....-. --- 2 3 4 5 6 7 ----- 2-D~~ala-l 106 124 218 5 2 455 3-Dliahnsala~2 503 7 207 12 729 12-Dbarmsala-3 .300 10 374 26 2 712 13-Dh'armSala-4 92 23 85 3 203 228 5 261 23 1 14-Dharms'ala-5.', .' SIS ) 5-Dharmsala-6 2~ 124 241 16 1 666 l6-Bharmsala-'-7 370 23 339 5 4 741 17-Dharmsa1a:'-8 203 6 278 9 497 Total 2,086 322 2,003 99 11 4,521 SoURCE : Blection Office, Dharmsala. However, it requires a special mention that Mrs. tions in which residents of Dharmsala town alone have Chanaresn Kumari happens to be - the resident of got the right of franchise. The Jast municipal clectiol1 Dharmsala town and the local residents irrespective of in Dharf!lsala town were held in 1986, The town was their political affiliations and considerations, hav~ established intimate rapport with the Member of divided into 13 wards and cach ward was represented Parliament and she is reported to have done a lot of by a Municipal Commissioner Out of these 13 wards, spade work to gain her popularity and also established wurd No. 5 comprising Khajanchi Mohalla and Chan a soupd political acceptability in the town. Shri Mool Raj Padha is working on her footsteps though trailed der Marg was declared as reserved while all other behind by a narrow margin in the town from his Eoliti wards were treated as general. The w:1rdwise voting cal opponent Shri Kfslian Chand of DJP, as revea1id behaviour and the number of votes polled by each by the voting behaviour'_of franchisers. candidate alongwilh the name of elected member as A penetrating picture regarding organisation of power supplied by the District Election Office are given in and prestige can be observed from the municipal elec- the following table. TABLE Xf,2 Votine Behaviour in Dharmsala lowlI-! Municipality Election Name ofTown Names of the eandidates Ethnic category No. of valU Tot:>l N). 0; N.l'U .l-o;th~ successful and (SC/ST other votes votes pollej by can:!idates Ward No. Hindu/Muslim/ candidates Sikh/Christian/ (valid) Buddhist/olhers) --- 2 3 4 5 6 -- --- Dharmsa\a Ward No.1 1. Sh. Nirmal Singh Other 277 107 S11. Pratap Chand 2. Sh. Pratap Chand -:10- ~::Io- 136 3. Sh. Ved Prakash -do- -do- 34 Ward No.2 1. Sh. Ratan Singh -do- 262 144 Sh. Rattan Singh 2. Sh. Man Mohan -do· -do- 118 Ward No.3" 1. Sh. Jai Kisfian -do, 354 26 Sh. Dina Nath 2. Sh. Dina Nalh -do- -do- 177 3. Sh. Parshotam Chand -do- -do- 28 4. ·SIt. R1ith :Singh' -do- -do- 40 5 5h. Salit Ram ·do. -ao- 83 t ...~ \...... ~ 'h <' .1 ...... ~- it--; - JO~ TABLE TX-2-col/cld. Voting Behaviollr In J>lzarmsala town Municipality Election Name of Town N"nies of the Candidates Ethnic category No. of Total Nj. of Name oftM & (SC)/ST other valid votes golled by successful Ward No. Hindu/Muslim/ votes candi ates candidates Sikh/Christian/ (valid) Buddhist/others) 2 3 4 5 6 Ward No.4 1. Sh. Panna La! Other 396 28 Sh. Manorath Prashad Nautyal 2. Sh. Manorath Prashad Nautya! -do- -do- 149 3. Sh. Lalit -do- -do- 125 4. Sh. Vijay Kumar -do- -do- 94 Ward No.5 1. Sh. Amar Chand (S.C. Reserve) 415 173 Sh. Amar Chand 2. Sh. Gurbaksh Singh -do- -do- 96 3. Sh. Raj Kumar -do- -do- '96 Raj La! 4. Sh. Vijay ~mar -do- -do- 50 Ward No.6 1. Sh. Kama! Kant other 541 271 Sh. Kamal Kant 2. Sb. Gian Chand -do- -do- 79 3. sh. Madan Gopa! -do- -do- 241 Ward No. 7 1. Sh. Mool Chand -do- 305 145 Sh. Raj GopaJ 2. Sh. Raj Gopa! -do- '-do- f60 WardN6.8 1. Sh. Kasturi La! -do- 319 156 Sh. Kaqturi Lal 2. Smt. Kiran -do- -do- 52 3. Sh. Sunil Kumar -do- -do- III Wafd No.9 1. Sh. Om Singh Other 329 5'8 Sh. Jagdish Singb 2. 8h. Jag'dish Sirlgh -do- -do- 200 "3. -8h.Brahma Nand -do- -dO- 32 4. Sh. Virender .singh Kandoria -do- -do- 39 Ward N'o. 10 • 1. Sh. Prakash Chand -do- 516 41 Sh. Miinender Kumar 2. SIl. Prali. Nath -do- -do- 41 3. -8h. Basar'lt Kumat' Sood -do- -do- 45 4. Sh. Mahender Kumar -do- -do- 221 Ward No.1! . 1. Smt. Champa Rani -do- 523 93 Sh, Din Dayal 20. Sh. Din Dayal. -do- -ao- 347' 3. Sh. Suaershan Kunhal -do- -do-. 83 Ward No. 12 . 1. Sh. Banwari -do- '387 188 ~h. Sukh ric,,: Raj 2. Sh. Sukh Dev Raj. -do- -da- 199 \ Ward-No. 13 / Sh. Chander Mohan Kashmiri -do- 243 60 St; Balbir Sil1lrh 2. Sh.'Balb1r Singh Parmar -do- -do- 81 Parmar. 3. Sh. Rifmesh Cliaho -do- -do- 34 4. Sh. Ram Charan -do-' -ao- '6E SourtCl! : Efe:tio:1 0 li ;e; D ll.rm ,ala, The- al:fove statement gives an i'd-err- about the per ed NiunJcipal, Co~niissioners and even the inl1uentia sons who have attained socio-political power and pres dcfea1e,d ~a~d_id.ates. '.11av.e g~t a recommendatory voi", tige among the resident~ of th~ir respcctiv~ wards jn and p.L1011c status III daJ-to-day affairs of the town the 'form of ftlnct'iO'lutl LocaT Self Govetliment. At SOIile of th~ inffuenfial persons.,. by virtue of theil present, Shri' KS: Parimn'; B.A., LL.B., Advocate poljtr~al ?ackg:,?und an~. so~jal.p develo'prn~nr of the! politicm'laBels, yef the politictll pat;ties had. ail under ward he represents' in· partkular lInd· for the cj~C!tiil, curJ:m!it. 'say in' sponsormg and suppqr'ti~ the varlo~s d~ve~opment of the town in general: They h~ "gO( l candhlatcs-. It was o~etved that th~re W"as a tough dIrect .access- to all aclminist!'ative 'officers ana gt)Vem. contcst between the Congress (I) and the DJP as ~(;nt offices and get. the probtemsrredfes'Seti"by ~p~.j: both t~ paliiltal" pafiies ran nec}c to neck race to tmg the cases wit~ -an. authoritaMe' say. Solno'br-dl( capture power 111 tM local self governmeI1L The elect- elected members lnvanab-Iy act"as the ach\tinf~rr1ttiv~ t07 and political agents of the M.L.As, MPs and even the Third and fourth positions are jointly shared by ministers. Professor Chandervarkar Rana a resident Wangdu Dorzc and Ling Rinpochhc with a score of of Civil Lines area of the town was a sitting MLA 5 each and both are sp:ritual lead.::rs of Tibetans. of Congress who IQst his seat in the last elections. Out of 5 who recognise :VIr. Dorzc as most respectable,' Durirlg his times, he was one of the most influential one is a weaver, a saicsman, a shopkeeper, a waiter persons of the district as well as of the State. Some of and a cashier. Similarly out of 5 recognising Mr. Ling the elected persons of the municipal committee are the Rinpochhe, one each a weaver, proprietor of a res leading businessmen of the town and have got a domi taurant, a salesman, shopket.$p(r and a Deputy Secre nating influence on the town. Couple of them are the tary in the Ti12etan Sectt. practising lawyers and the others arc holding responsi ble positions in various socio-political, socio-religious 5th ranking position with a S ::ore of 4 goes in and voluntary organisations. Mr. M. Prasad Nautyal favour of 'Devamatoche Rinpochhe' also a spiritual Municipal CoIl1missioner representing Ward No. IV head of Tibetans. Out of these 4- interviewees one is is a private medical practitioner-cum-astrologer and a shopkeeper, the second is a weaver, third person i~ originally hails fro mGarhwal area of Uttar Pradesh. a proprietor of a restaurant and the 4th man is a salesman. All the above five most rl!spected persons The localities' selected for canvassing the neighbour were also returned as most influential persons. hood schedule include Mcleodganj, Ko~ali Bazar, Chilgari, Depot Bazar and Civil Lines area. These localities were selected in consultation with the local (2) Kotwali Bazar Neighbourhood persons of posJtion and status, to elicit most reliable The details of five most respectable persons of information about the degree of respectability and level Kotwali Bazar neighbourhood are given as under: of influentiality of five persons from neighbourhood and the town as a whole. The details of five most Dr. Mool Chand Mahajan, MBBS a private medical respected persnns in each_ neighbourhood are given practitioner ranks firs.t among the five most respect below. able persons of this locality. Dr. Mahajan has been (1) Mcleodgimj Neighbourhood recognised as one of the most respected persons by 8 out of 10 interviewees. The castcwise brenk-up of Mcleodganj is one of the ilve localities selected for 8 persons is ; three Khatris, 2 Brahmins and one each the pur,pose. of canvassing the neighbourhood schedule Sood, Rajput and Kaisht. The interviewees \vere drawn amongst 10 interviewees who were asked to report the from different walks of life such as owner of a grocery names of five most respected and influential persons. shop, Asstt. Superintendent, tailor master, Bank A rank score was given to al1 .such persons reported Manager, technical supervisor, a confectionerl a cloth as most re_spected and influential. The particulars of merchant and the 8th interviewee was a non-worker. five such persons with the ran~ing score are given By educational levels. three interviewees arc educated below: upto middle standard, one each is a matriculate and (a) Five Most Respected Persons higher secondary and 3 are degree holders. In Mc1eodgan) area, His Highness the Dalai Lama Shri Kamal Kant Minocha, a graduate of Khatri who is spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet in exile caste, running a shop of hardware and paint~, occli at Dharmsala has obtained the highest score of 10 pies the 2nd position with a score of seven. Shri which 'means all 10 interviewees (6 males and 4, fe Minocha is at present a Municipal Commissioner from males) reported that His Highness the Dalai Lama is this locality also. Out of seven interviewees who con the most respected person. His Holiness the Dalai sider him the most respectable p'erson in the neigh Lama is highly educated, holding the degree of Ph. D. bourhood are, 3 Khatris, 2 Brahmins and (me each a Dalai Lama himself is a personality of international Rajput and a Sood. Of them one each is a shopkeeper, recognition apart from spiritual head of Buddhists Asstt. Supdt. a tailor, a bank manager, a technical and temporal ruler of Tibet. He is held in great re supervisor, a confectioner and a cloth merchant. By verance by all Tibetans and also worshiped as a super education three are middle pass, one each is a matri natural soul. Out of ten interviewees of Tibetans, one culate and higher secondary pass and two are degree is a weaver, one programme officer in the Tibetan holders. Sectt., -two each are proprietors of Tibetan restaurants, salesmen ~nd one each a Karyana shopkeeper, waiter Shri Roop Lal Jaura, a Khatri by caste and a mig in a hotel ·and a cashier in Tibetan Sectt. One inter rant from West Pakistan commands good respect in viewee is hplding the position of Deputy Secretary in neighbourhood and ranks third with a score of 6. At the Tibetan ·Sectt. present he is running a jeweller'S shop in the Kotwali Bazar. Out of six interviewees who consider him most Shri-'Thechhang Rinpochhe from Mcleodganj locali respectable, 2 each are of Brahmin and Khatri caste, ty is ranked secopp amongst the most respected per one is a Rajpnt and another a Kaisth. Of these 6, three sons obtaining score .of six out of 10 interviewees:-- He -. are degree holders and one each educated up-to is aJ,so recognised the spiritual head of Tibetans. Out middle, matric and higher secondary level. of a score of six in favour of TIlechhang Rinpochhe, 3 are-males,antl 3 females. 2 interviewees who consi Dr. S.C. Mahajan, MBBS who is a medical practi der him most respectable are proprietors of restau tioner occupies 4th positio1T with a score of' 4, out of rants, one ~~ch is a weaver, salesman, cashier in the whom 2 were Khatrjec; nnd 2 Brahmins. Out of these Tibetan Sectt. and a shopkeeper. They are aU Tibetans. 4. one each is a bank mana~er, forest range officer: lOS a confectioner and a tloth merchant amI ,2 qf tlfem were recorded as non-~o~kers. ~y educational .!~!~ are graduates, Qne is a matriculate and another is a Qne ·ip_tervie'Yee was belo~. pri)1lary, one .primacy :pas~.. nigher stcOnaary pass. 2 middle pass, '3 matriculates and 2 degree holders. Shti Ktrllash Mahajan a businessman and educated .Se~ond 'position is occupied by Dr. S'Udaishait' 'Q.p-to matrie level ranks 5th with a score of 3, one of Chinkara wno is holding M.B.B.S. degree and a aoCtor. tllem each is a shopkeeper, a confectioner, andla cloth by profession. He has a score of 7 and except one merchant. 2 of them ate educated up-to middle and Sood interviewee other six are of the same ethnfc and One is a higher secondary pass. occupational characteristks as were recorded in case of l>t. Din Dayal. By the same rank sco~ tite)? weJ;~ considered a's most influential persons in the localitY. S/Shri: Des Raj and Om Prakash botn Itarya~a t3) snopK'eepers and edm::ated upto Matriculation level· ChiJgari Neighbourhood have made a score' of 3 each and Sh. Nathll Ram was The interviewees were a1s6 interviewed 'in tnis consldered as most respected person by one inter n-eighbourhood. viewee only who is a Sood by caste, coal merchant ~ Shri J agdish Pradhan a Gorkha Rajput by caste and occupation and is educated upto middle standard~ educated upto-matriculation occupies first position (5) Civil Lines Neighbourhood among the most respected persons in this locality with a score of 10. Mr. Pradhan is also a Municipal Com Mehta Kishore Chand, B.A.L.L.B. advocate of missioner from Chilgari locality. Out of these 10 inter Mahajan caste and Prof. Chandcrvarkar, M.A., ex viewees 9 are Rajputs and one is a Brahmin and by' J)-fLA and editor of Himachal Today and a dYlfafuic, occupation, one each is a Lady Health Visitor, a RMput. were considered as most respected person'S ,in casual worker, an office assistant, peon and six are tIUs neighb'ourhood witb a score of 6 each. ..- non-worKers. Education levelwise one each is a illite rate and literate, 2 are middle pass-, 3 are matriculates, ~ ~hri Ved Prakash Khatri, B.A.L.L.B. and a. retired one is a higlier secondary pass and 2 are degree holders. S,DM occupied the next position with a score of ~. Shri A.N. Dogra, M.A. M.PhiI and, of Brahmin ~aste me second and third p6sitJpn$ are. jointly shared ahd Shri SUkl}dev Raj, sitting municipal con,tmtssiQnQ 6y _S/Sliri G'urdass and Acllhitr Singh .. o6th ma1iicq:' and a Halwai by 9ccupatioQ. ranked 4th and 5th, witIl tate~, wh,o are Ex-mhnagl:r of Kangta Cb-opei.aftve a score.of 2 and one, respectively. As mentioned al ~entrar Bank and retired, Suoedar Major, respeClivery ready the very res-pectep persons were also considered wlth a Score of 4 eacn. SimiIafly ~th and 5th ,po'siti9PS' as mosi influential persons in the same ranK order iii are obtaIned by S/Shri Jeet.Sipgh arid Hoshiar Singh all fhe localities. wno are retiietl' Nai15:.tafisildat and retired SUBecYar l Five Most Respected Persons of the Town respectively, who a l;core of ~ e'ach. _ Ih the same ranking brdet they w~re treated tire The appendix table 71 gives particulars of t'he five mOst influential persoM of the locality. most resp'ected persons of the town as reported by SO interviewees belonging to five different localities. (4) Depot l"1cighboorhood ~ ]lam!' It is quite interesting to observe that none of the All the fiive persons reported as most respected most respected persons in the town reported from th~ happen to be -all Brahmin,S in this neighbourhood: five localities of the town has made an equal score~ :Pt. Din Dayal, a. matriculate has made a SCQre of·9 Although some of the names of respected pcrs<;>ns as as most respected person. He is a cloth men:hant and figured commonly in more than one locality yet the~ also the sitting Municipal Commissioner. The jnter~ ranking position and score flllstuat~d considerably in viewees who consider him as most respected person the overall grading. There are persons who h~v!( are three Brahmins, 2 Badhis and 'One each Khatri, secured the highest score in one neighbourhood but Mahajan, Chaudnry and Pharere. By occupation one have secured very low score or no score, at al1 in each is a tailor, office assistant, a stove repairer, an other localities. The following table shows the broad advocate, a private petition writer and an inspector in particulars, score position and the order of the five Food and Civil Supplies Department. 3 interviewees most respectable persons of the town as a whole: TABLE XI-3 Lino/Five Most ResPect/ul PersonsofDhdrmsala Town Name ,of the, person Sex. Caste Edu~ation Occupation Score Rank order 1 2 3 '4 5 6 7 " ~ • ..Mool Chand . M Maha,UiD MoB.B.S. Medical Practitioner (pvt.) 29 I of. Chandervarkar M Rajput M.A. Editor, Himachal Today & 20 n E:I{-ML,A . SH. B.S. pardflu' M R4jput B.S"c. L.L.B. President MCDhirmsala 16 In 8i. Advo"cate ii~ Holiness the Dalai M Tibetan Literate Ph. D. Spiritual&Temporal ruler 10 IV LaMa of Tibet MaJor' Brij Lal. M Kajput JI.~. Retired Major & Ex.-MLA 9 V. SouRcE: Neighbourhood Schedule' SUrvey data. 198~-87. 92-L/S120DCOHP-9 10~ :·Dr. Mool Chand with a scote of 29 out of 50 tops Political Parnes in OhamlsaJa Town in the rank order of the five most respected persons of the town. He hails from Kotwali Bazar locality . As ~eady mentione.d Dharmsala is not only a and· is a private medical practitioner, Dr. Mool Chand lull statIOn for the tOUrIsts but also a centre of Divi comij.lands respect from all quarters in the town. He sional headquartcrs and a S"eat of district administra is a M.B.B.S. Doctor. Professor Chandervarkar ranks tion. Hence it is one of the important epicentres ot political activities of various political parties. The s~cond in the town as most respected person with a score of 20. Professor Chandcrvarkar is' a dynamic local polifics of Dharmsala is influenced by two domi~ Rajput and before entering into politics and contest nating political parties comprising Congress (I) and Bhartiya ,Janta Party, although Communist Party of ing the election, he was a professor of Encrlisho at DAV eollege, Hoshiarpur and also served as District India and independent candidates supported by other Public Relations Officer in Himachal Pradesh Govern political parties also take active interest and contest ment. He is an ex-MLA and editor of the magazine parliamentry and Vidhan Sabha elections. The Dis 'lIimachal Today". He is a nominated member of the trict Congress (I) ·Committee office is located in various committees and Adv,isory" Council constituted Civil Lines area and is functioning prior to 1947. The at .J:he 'district and the State levels by the State Govt. Congress party has a membership of 52,000 persons He is a writer of original thinking and an author of as .primary members in the district and 2,800 in the many books. Shri B.S. Parmar a Rajput who is also town. Congress (I) is a national pofitical party and th_e President of Municipal Committee Dharmsala be~ides its national programmes and policies, the local (anks 3rd with a score of 16. His Highness The'Dalai umt also ~tt~nds to the local problems. The party membershIp IS open to everyone who has faith in the l;~ma who is also a spiritual and temporal ruler of TIbetan government in exile has made a score of 1'0 policies and programmes proclaimed by Congress (1). Congress. (I) has been regularly fielding its candidates~ -and o~cupies the 4th rank order. Major Brij Lal ranks for the assembly constituency and also for the parlia ~th. WIth a score of 9. He is a retired military officer and an ex-MLA. It is interesting to note that the mentary seat and also indirectly supports the candi score P9sit.ion and the rank order are partially biased dates in the Municipal elections of Dharmsala town. iri"favo)lr of ethnic -compositism of the most respected In the Jast Vidhan Sabha elections held in 1985 Con gress (I) fielded Sh. Mool Raj Padha who defeated pe~sons of the town cxccpt Dr. Mool Chand as re- vealed from the table given below: . his nearest rival Shri Kishan Chand of'Bhartiya Janta Party, although from Dhaqnsala proper the BJP TABLE XI-4 candidate secured 83 votes more over the Con Score ..position and Rank Order of Five Most· Respectful persons gress (I) candidate which, shows the upper hold of BJP in the town. Shri Parkash Narain contested as Name of the Person Castel Score Score Commu obtained obtained CPI candidate and Col. Vikram Sin~h and Swami nity from the Shanta Nand contested tIle Vidhan Sabha elections as' same castel independent candidates. Similarly, in the parliamentary community electiohs held in 1984 the Congress (I) partv had interviewees fielded Smt. Chandresh Kumari for Kangra LoI( "Sabha 1 2 3 4. seat of which Dharmsala town forms a segment. In all, 9 candidates contested parliamentary elections. h Dr. Mooi Chand. Mahajan 29 I Mrs. Chan~t:esh Kumari. defeated her ncarest rival 2. 1>roi'. Chand.ervarkar Raj put 20 7 Shri Sarwan Kumar of BJP and also Shri Ajeet Kumar 3 .. 'Sh. B. S. Parmar . Rajput 16 9 of CPI alongwith Shri AsllOk Kumar Jamwal, Charan 4.Bis I;loliness The Tibetan 10 10 Dass Satotri. S11. Daya Shil,. Sh. K.K. Sharma, Dalai Lama Sh. Shanta Nand and Shri Sura,i as independent candi 5. 'Major Brjj La! Raj put 9 4 d.ates: In the parliamen1ary elections Congress (I)' candlda.te secured 2,512 votes as against 1 470 by ;SOURCE: Neighbourhood sC!lEdule Survey data, 1986-87. Shri SaI}Van Kumar· of BJP from Dharrnsal~ . town se_gment. I~ the municipal elt;~tions. oilt of 13 mem , The broad particulars of most respectable persons bers, ~s many as 9 members were reported huving ih the town are given in the appendix table 72. political affiliation with Congress (I). The most influential persons in the town are also the same as most respected persons. The district office of BJP is located in Depot Bazar. It was established in 1982 under the banner of BJP The most important feature reflected by the !,restige although the unit of Jansangh was fnnctionin cy in th~ structure discussed above is that all the persons named town much earlier. BJP has upper hold in the town as most respected and influential in various lieighbour and as already mentioned. its candidate SIl. Kishan Doods and for the town as a whole have got one link Chand. who confe"Sted Vidhan Sabha seat in 1985 or the other in politics of the town, district or state though defeated by the Congress (I) candidate, had level except Dr. Mool Chand. Among others two are secured more votes than Cont!:ress' (I) candidate ex-MLA. As one is President of M.C. Dharmsala and from Dharmsala seQ"ment. In parliamentary ejections His Holiness The Dalai Lama is a spiritual and tempo held !n 1984 its candidate was defeated bV C()ngrc~c;s (,I) ral head of "Tibetans. Another interesting point that candIdate. The aims and objectives of BJP are to needs special mention lfer~ is that no female in the preserve national integration, democratic svstcm in the tOWij. has made any score to be ranked as most res <:ountry and have fuith in secularism, GantlhiatJ Socia pected .and influential person. lIsm and value based politics. The party. stands for 110 .. the. ciecentr~lization of economic and political powers. These associations fight for the cause of regularfsation Any Indian national of the age of 18 years and above of staff employed on daily wages, fixed wages and' i!, enrolled as a primary member if he or she makes on adhoc basis and also present the problems of tho written declaration in the membership form to accept exployees on collective basis in respect of victimiza Basic policies and programmes of the party. In the tion, transfers, housing accommodation, house ren_t municipal committee, four municipal commissioners allowance, medical reimbursement and pension etc. were reported to have political affilication with BlP. These associations represent problems faced by the employees in pay scales and service matters to the Communist Party of India is another political party central government pay commission from time to time. having its political influence in Dharmsala and its fld Some of the matters which are of the common inte joining areas. The district office of this party is located rest at all India level are referred to the departmental at Kangra and it has a good hold over labour class. JCM and national JCM at New Delhi. These associa.. CPI had contested both the Vidhan Sabha and Lok tions also plead for the remoyal of anomalies in the Sabha seats but lost both the seats. pay scales of the identical staff. At the local level, they have a federation of central government empl~ In addition to the above mentioned politiCal partie~, yees in which representatives of all offices are drawn·. a number of independent candidates having direct or These associations and federations are recognised by indirect political support from various political parties their respective heads of departments and elect their also contested the last Vidhan Sabha, Lok Sabha and office bearers every year. Each association has fixed a Municipal elections, but most of them except in the monthly nominal contribution from each member. l<;>cal elections, lost the contest. However, these candi The amount is used for the general welfare of the dates command respect and prestige in the town and employees including union activities and for financing also exercise political influence in the. area. They also the members to attend the meetings at different places find their recognition in the official circles. outside Dharmsala. A part of the contribution is funded to run the federation activities. The associations $taff ASSIOcia6ions, Trade Unions a'nd Caste/Commu. of central government employees stationed at Dharm nity Sabha sala have been pleading for better pay scales and improvement in service conditions before the 4th Pay There-are a number of staff associations of Central Commission. They are still pleading for raising the Government ana Stare- Gevernment employees sta limit of pay for grant of bonus to the employees. tioned at Dharmsala. Organisational set-up and func tions of some of them are listed below: (iii) Himachal Non-Gazetted Officials (NGO's)' F~deration-Almost all offices of the state govern,: (i) Central Govt. Gazetted Officers Association ment are having ,their local units. Although in each The gazetted officers 6f all central government offices office there are .. 2 factions, one is affiliated with NGOs have formed their association to safeguard their_ co!l1- federation (Rana Group) and the other to the NGOs mon interests in service matters. The association elects federation (Adan Singh Group). Both these groups its office bearers which include President, Vice-Pre have a stro:ng following among the state government sident, General Secretary and Cashier every year. employees and frequently go on strike in support of Elections are held informally in a meeting and normal their demands. Rana group was on strike in 1987 lY. there is no .contest. ~he membership ~ee is not followed by a strike by Adan Singh group. The impac;t collected on regular basis but some amount as and of strike by both groups was cognizeable by the when required is collected .from all the gazetted ofl!cers State Government and ultimately the State Governmen~ when an issqe of common interest .arises. The associa ent~red into negotiations and compromise witp both tion looks after the common causes like pay scales as the groups of NGOs. Both the factions of NOOs are recommended by the 4th Pay Commission, housing seeking pay scales on thy pattern of ~unjab Pay Com accommodation and the quantum of house rent al-' mission and other serVice benefits including special lowance, central schools for the children, medical faci allowances and house rent allowance at all places of lities and problems connected with medical reimburse: posting etc. ment etc. The association did not fi~ht any case against the government on collective baSIS. This asso (iv) Municipal Employees Union Dharmsala-ThfS ciation is maintaining a good rapport with all the union is comprised of class III and IV employees of district officers. Dharmsala M.C. and is affiliated to local bodies fede ration, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla. Almost all class (ii) Central Govt. Employees Association-Non III and IV employees are its members. The union is gazetted employees of all central government offices 'supporting the deman~s of the e~ployees in respect have their independent associations/unions. Member of pay scale on Punjab pattern, pensionary benefits etc. ship is open to all categories of employees who are regular in their service matters. It was observed during (v) H.P. Board of School Education Employees the survey, that about 95 percent of employees are Association-The headquarters of Himachal Pradesh regular members of their respective unions/associa Board of School Education was shifted from Shimla tions and only adhoc employees and a few disgruntle~ to Dharmsala in the recent past on account of which office bearers happen to be non-members. These asso the staff is facing one problem or the other. The asso ciations/unions basically stand for security of service ciation covers the employees of class III and class IV and for seeking other benefits from the government. of the education board and are supporting the cause 111 ~or pay scales at par with Himachal Pradesh ~ove1"D= revision of :tl}~ir pay s~ales and for ~ u.niform scal~ .iJ(enl employees and for the allotment of housmg as; of pay both in government and private institutions • pommodation at Dharmsala. At present more than 95 per.cent ·of the employees are its members. (xi) Dharmsala Scheduled Castes Welfare Associa tjon-This Association is affiliated to All India Sewa1c ~ (vi) Goods Transport Workers Union Dharmsala Sangh and its membership is restricted to various Xhis union is affiliated to All India Trade Union Con Scheduled Cflstes only. All its office bearers belong ~ess anq almost all truck operators which ineluc!e to the Scheduled Castes. The main aims and objects drivers, conductors, booking clerks, agency workers, of this association are the upliftment of down-trodden, ,peons and chowkidars etc. are its members. betterment of social and economic life of scheduled castes and. complete eradiCation of the feelings of hatred and untouchability towarQs Harijans. The as • (vin Transport Workers Union-Th;e transport sedation celebrates Guru Ravi Dass J ayanti, Balmiki workers of Himachal Pradesh Road Transport Cor ]ayanti and Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar's birthday. The poration and privat~ transport cpmpanies have the!r association is in receipt of various grants from the "Separate unions to safeguard the interests of thetr ~9vernment for all development schemes -meant for eipployees in ~atters of victimisation, road acciedents, scheduled caste&. 'compensations, uniforms, overtime allowances and bonus etc. Both the unions have a solid state unity (xii) Dharmsala Beopar Mandai-The Beopar :ana in lhe event of any stray case relating tb any of MandaI was informally constituted by the business ·its Member the entire road transport is paralysed rcsult men of Dharmsala before, partition but was further 'lug into ro~d blockade. The transport workers unions strepgthened and streatnlined after partition when a Mare very str.ong and recognised as such both by the good number of business community households :ptibli~ al}.d the government in respect of causing il)con migrated from Pakistan and settled at Dh arms ala. ~ve~iel).ce to me pa~~engers t~1fough strikes. The aims and objects of tbe MandaI are forging a united ft:ont for safeguarding their business interests, . (viii) Taxi Union-There is a gooanumber of taxis to geek remiSsions on sales tax and promotion of sale for tourists and visitors. Taxis are booked through the proceeds etc. The members of Beopar thandal con 'union .for various destinations and for local use at stitute and affi.ue}.lt socjety of the town having their :prescribed rates and a proper record is maintained strong grip over day.::to-day functioning of the town and about the booking and movement of th'e taxis. a: deeper hand in shaping the loctll politics. (ix) Bank Employees Association· Dharmsala In addition, tHere are a number of caste/con1mu ~'[here are local branches of State Banks of Indi!\, nity associations such as Rajput Sabha, Mahajan Punjab National Bank, United Commercial Bank, Sabna, Aggarwal Sabha, Brahmin Sabha, Sanatan :l2entral Bank. Bank of Baroda, Allahabad Bank, Bank pharam Sabha, Arya Samaj Sabha and Singh Sabha .o,f-India, H.P. State Cooperative Bank and Draruin etc. which are catering. to the soCio-religious interests ,Bank etc. All these banks have their staff associations ~nd also serve as vGluj:itar.y organisations on the events :whkh are functioning for improving banking service of important lifB cysles and at the time of emergencies ·£ondithms, uniform pay scales and other allowances S101Ch as flash floods ahd earthquakes. Rajputs of, .and benefits as admissible to the State Bank of India. Gorkha or:igin have their independent Sabha to look.. after their social, economic and religious affairs in «x) Dharmsala College Teachers an,d Sehool the town. There are nvmerous other unions/associa Teachers Union-Both these unions are affiliated to tions such as Hotel WOlikers and WaitoFs Union,. ,the Himachal Pradesh Teachers Union and are tak-ing Dhaba and Ilalwai Union, Bakers Union, Karyana ~care gf the common interests of teachers at coneg~ Merchants Union and Rehri Union which hardly need "3lld school' levels. 'Phese unions are fighting fer the any further discussion. 112 €HAPTER xli LEISURE AND RECREATION, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, SOCIAL AWARENESS, RELIGION AND t:RllVlE Leisure and recreatioh is importan'l as diversfon of Clubs activity adds to efficiency. To break the monotony of work, people seek satisfaction in various recreational Out of the 3 important clubs, i.e. Raja Raghubir activities such as radio listening, T.V. Programmes,.. Singh, Rotary and the Lion's the former is the oldest Cinema shows, Playing Cards, reading news paper,s which was established in 1931. Its membership is and books, games, gossiping and other religious or restricted to higl} officers/officials of the statti"s of class II at least. It has a nice building with spacious sOQ;ial a~tiy..ities which provide diversion from daily lawn and is located at the top of the ridge connecting mandane d~p}ndi~g upon ~he individuals' li!d~g. Dharmsala IS maml-y a serVIce town where maJonty Kotwali Bazar area. From this point one can havo of people are engaged in 'other services'. a bird's view' of the town and the countryside below,' The bureaucratic elite of the town are mostly ita In Dharms?la, there is only one Cinema Hallloc~ted mc.tp.bers. I,t is an important meeting place wh.e.rc-# in the Kotwali Bazar area. This is known as 'Himalaya indoor games and other recreational activities arc" Talkies' with ~ capacity for 315 persons. Daily two ~rried out sometime till late hours in the night: shows aie screened, matinee show from 2.00 P.M. Music, refreshment and drinks are most common acti to 5.90 P.M. and evening show from 6.30 P.M. to .vities of the club. Details of these clubs are given in 9.30 P.M. Particulai~ of the -Cinema are given ili appendix table 75. appendix 73. T"'()wl1' Hall Parks and_Playg!~unds There are well maintaineu-parks in Kotwali Bazar, Important meetings are held in the office of the Chilgari area, Civil Lines and Shahecd Smarak in M.C. Dharmsala in a small hall. Elected members of the Lower Dharmsala: These parks are used by the town hold their periodic meetings and discussions children and grown-up boys and girls for games. ill this IHin. Important aiscussions rdating to various Shaheed Smarak was developed about a decade ago ~velopmental works are held in this room. over a nice land seape amongst -the pine -groves. It has been beautifully and artistically decorated not only Libraries as a 'Smarak' but a nice picnic spot having well iaid' flower beds, climbers and benches for rest. This is at 'J'here are two important libraries, (1) the District place of great attract).on for the general public and Libr~ry managed by government and (ii) the Tibetan the tourists. A cafe has also been opened here to·pro~· Liprary. ·The- District Library is situated in Kotwa~ vide refreshment such-as- snacks, tea and coffee. There Ba.zar area. It was established in July( 1954 and has i~ a lot of. hu~tle an~ ~ustle in tpe area d~ring day a large collection of books covering almost all impor tIme and evemngs are also -pleasant. On holIdays the tant subjects/topics. It has a collection of old books place is .visited by Im:ge- number of people. Light and also. It is centrally located and has a reading room in music add "to its natural charm and pleasure seekers, which news papers, periodicals and other jounrals are newly ~ed§ and tourists spend a few hours ill the available for general readers. It is open to public evening. from 8.30 A.M. to 7.00 "P.M. with a lunch break from 12.00 P.M. to 4.30 P.M. People from all walks of In the Police lines area and the college complex, life are seert here. Number of readers vary from se~~ there are very good and spacious playgrounds, where sqn to season but on an- average about 100 persons in addition to routine games and training programmes" visit this library daily. Inter-district and InteF-state tournaments are orga nised. Various tournaments. sports activities and The Tibetan library- is situated in the central functions are periodically held which are a good source Tibetan Sectt. Complex in a beautiful building. It is of entertainment to the town. dwellers. Particulars lp.ai,nly catering to Tibetan community and was estab~ about the Rarks aRd Playgrbun'ds are· given in appen lished in November, 1971 as respository for ancient dix tabl~ 74. cultural objects, books and manuscripts of Tibet. Ram Lila and religious functions are also held in It has eight·..departments (i) ResearCh nna 'Fransla.. Sahgam' Park, a small place in ~otwali Bazar. ThIs tion, (li)' Publication, (iii) Oral History and fIltn being the busiest market place, people can easily be documentation, (iv) Reference (reading room).., attracted to witness the ·fun(:tions here. State level (v) Museum, (vi) Tibetan Studies, (vii) Tibetan functions, theatrical performallt:es aITa musical con manuspripts and (viii r a scruiol· for Thangka, painting certs where, fa~ous artists are invited' frOm other and wood ~rving.. A team of -scholars are engaged in parts of the State Qr country are, however, -held' in resear'ch, translation, instniction and publication. It lower Bharmsala either in the college campus' or in offers r.egular clllsses in Buddhist philosophy anil the Police lines area. Tibetan language. 113 The Library is internationally reputed as a unique A nominal membership fee is charged from its re Centre for Tibetan studies and research students from gular members. many countries visit the library which provides hostel facilities to its students. Tibet journal is one of the NewspapellS, Journals and Periodicals important publications of this Institution. Library Leading newspapers both in English and Hindi are timings are : brought to the town from the adjoining states of Punjab, :tiaryana, U.T. Chandigarh and Delhi. Summer : 9.00 AM to" 5.00 PM. The important newspapers and journals in circula Winter: 9.00 AM to 4.00 PM. tion are recorded in table XII. 1 below: TABLE XU-I Newspapers, Journals and Periodicals by Type in Circulation ;1'ype Name Langua2e Place of Publi- cation. Local! outside 1 2 3 4 boU{u The Times of India English Outside The Statesman English Outside The Hindustan Times English Outside The Tribune English Outside Indian Express English Outside National Herald English Outside Nav Bharat Times Hindi Outside Milap Hindi Outside Hindi Samachar Hindi Outside Dainik Tribune Hindi Outside Vir Pratap Hindi Outside ~ab Kesari Hindi Outside Urdu Milap Urdu Outside Weekly Dharmyug Hindi Outside mustrated Weekly English Outside Lalkar Hindi Local FDftnightly . Himachal Kesri Hindi Local Sheja-Tibetan Journal Tibetall Local MO,!!thly Himshramik Hindi Local Himachal Today English Local Filmfare English Outside Cotnpetition Master -do- -do- Femina -do- -do- Science Today -do- -do- Times weekly -do- '-do Blitz -do- -do Organizer -do- -do- Saptahik Hindustan -do- -do- Sarita Hindi -do- Caravan English -do- Current Events -do- -do- Chandamama Hindi -do- Parag -do- -do- Practical Psychology English -do- Filmi Dunia Hindi -do- Manohar Kahaniya Hindi -do- SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. Nature of leisure time activities belonging to diffe 15-19 years out of 7 persons, 2 spend their time in rent categorIes gf workers. gossiping and 5 have no leisure time activity. In the age-gt1Oup 20-24 years, out of 9 persons one male Leisure time activities of persons have been given spends his leisure time in gossiping and 7 have no locality-wise by· agi and sex in appendixJ~le 76. leisure time activity and one male attends to kitchen gardening acUvity. In the age-group 25-34 years Dharmkot· and Naddi out of 18 persons 4 spend their time in gossiping In Dharmkot -and ;Naddi locality, there- are two 12 .have no Ieis~re time activity, one male attehds t~ females in the age group 0-14 and one of them SOCIal work and one engages himself in kitchen spends her leisure time in gossiping while the other gardening. In the age-group 35--44 years, there are one bas no letsure time activity. In- the age-group 9 persons, one female spends her time in gossiping, 114 7 have no activity and one female recreates herself -The majority of cultivators reported either no by listening radio. In the age-group 45-59 years leisure time activity or pass their spare time in gossip- there are 15 persons, 2 spend their time in gossip ~g. . ing, 12 have no spare time activity and 1 male spenqs his time in radio listening. In the advance age Religious Activities group 60 years and above, there are 3 per sons who have reported no leisure time activity. The people of the town are r~ligious minded and .Similar trends have been observed in respect they have unflinching faith in the alm!ghty God who of other localities of the town. There are more per manifests himself in the diverse forms: There. are a sons in the category of 'no ,leisure time activity and number of temples in the town and particulars are gossiping'. i ...... ! :::<:r:fll given ~ respect of each of these temples ~ appen dix table 78. As would appe~r from this table, the leisure time activities are as varied as individuals' personal likes There is one Gurdwara where Sikh devotees offer and dislikes. The most common part time activity prayers and daily kirtan and "Shabad Path" is held is radio, TV., cinema, card playing, walking (Morn by the 'Granthi'. It is situated near Kotwali Bazar ing and evening), some indulge in drinking, musicJ and is beautifully sitllated having a spacious hall dance, romance and aimless loitring. Among Tibetans to accommodate a few hundred persons. chanting hymns is most common. In the Forsythganj area st. Jone's Church st~ds Further details of leisure time activities as related as monument which has a historical background. It to occupation by age and sex is given in appendix is situated in a secluded place rrnd is looked after table 77. by a paid Bishop. Details about the Gurdwara and Church are given in appendix table XII. 79. Adjacent Among the unskilled and manual wdrkers a to the Church there is a grave of Lord Elgin who majority has reported no -leisure time activity. In was the Governor General of India in 1863. He died age-groups 15-19 years and above, 4 persons i~ at Dharmsala on 20th November, 1863. This is a _dulge -in gossiping, 2 'in sweater knitting, one female protected monument under the Archeological Survey in watching T.V. programme and only 2 persons have of India, reported newspaper's reading. Similar trend is also noticed among the skilled manual workers, 31 per Mention may also be made pere of a Mosque sons have reported no leisure time activity, 3 per which lies in a dilapidated condition in the Kotwali sons recreate themselves by listcning to radio, there Bazar. It is not properly looked after and there was is only one person who reads newspapers, one en none to supply details about its origin and other his gages himself in agriculture, one in chanting hymns torical background. and playing with son, one in carpet weav~ng, one goes on outing and another walks and reads new~ Besides the temples within the town people visit papers. other places such as Chamunda temple, Chinmaya In the third occupational category, lowest profes Ashram at Sidhbari" Brijeshwari temple at Kangra, sional and administrative (e.g. primary teachers) Jawalaji temple at Jawalamukhi, Ch~tpurni and 32 persons have no leisure time activity. There is Baijnath. only 1 person reported in each leisure time activity - i.e. agriculture, drinlcing' "Wine, reading newspapers, Fairs and festivals are occasions for merry making. Holi, the f~stival of colour is celebrated with gaiety. radio and T.V. viewing/listening, reading ,Buddhist It is a joyous occa!?ion for fun and frolick. Dushehra scripture, playing cards, playing hockey, gossiping and Diwali are celebrated with traditional gaiety. and transistor listening, gossiping, journalism and During Navratras preceding Dushchra, Ram Lila is T.V. programme and gardening, 10 persons recreate organised in Kotwali Bazar and Lower Dharmsala. themselves by listening to T.V. programmes. Dal mela is celebrated_ at thc site of the lake in Among the workers engaged in medium business, September every year. This mela is particular t9 majority of 11 persons have reported no leisure time Dharmsala only. People from the neighbouring villages activity and there is only a sprinkling of one or two, are attracted to see this fair. These fairs are Tooted persons in other types of actiyities. in antiquity and are a part of cultural life of the people inhabiting this area. No leisure time activity is reported by a majority of persons engaged in small business, highly skilled Tibetans have added their own fairs and an inter and supervisory manual workers, clerks and shop mixing of cultures haye startea taking place dur.iug assistants and intermediate professional and related the recent years, tOUrIsts and stutlents-irom abroad posts such as secondary SChoDl teachers etc. have introduced jeans, disco-dance and english tQning making a fasciating mixture of diverse cultures. The persons engaged in highly professional and salaried posts, T.V. watching is popular with 11 One of the most important festivals which the persons with an equal number recreating by reading Tibetans celebrate is their New Year according to newspapers and books. In this occupational group Tibetan calendar. Theit:. cultural life is centred around there are fewer persons (5 only) who have reported religion. They perform opera, songs, dance, plays no leisure time activity. and skits which carry social themes. These serve.as 115 entertainment and are a good source of recreation 2nd Tik. Month ind" ieisnre _time activity. The places of religious importance to Tibetan community are: Greund .Ritual', Creation of MandaI ap.d Coh(jsive Rite;; apd Wor.~hip of Ph!.1rba for ten days. (i) Gyuto and Gyume Tantric College in Mcleodganj. 3rd Tib. Month l(1.i) Garden Shastse and Jangtise in Mcleod Propitiation Cere!ll0ny of the 8th for three days. ganj. Ground Ritual, Ground Ritual Dance, for four days. ~iii) Tsechogling Monastery near Mcle~dg~I!j. Creation of Coloured Sand Mandala, followed by (iv~ Ling Labrang. seven days of Cohesive Rites aJld Worship of Sri Kala Chakra. The residence of Kyabje ling Dorje Chang, the Late Senior Tutor to His Holiness 4th, Tib. Month 'th~ Dalai Lama near Mc1eodganj. (jrquI1d ~t4ill qf Sri quhya~;;tmajt). fqr four qay~, (v.)Trichat}g Labrang: Kyabje Trin~hang. fQ1lowed Q'y fiv;e days qf <;oh_esW.e Rit~s ~ll,d Wqrs,hiI?' The residence of Kyabje Trinchang Dorje 5_th Tip. Ml?_nt)1. Chang, the late Junior tutor to hIs Holiness. One Hundred Thousand 'I-shog Offeting of M&na (~i), Rate Labrang: The residence of R~~~ Guru (Padmasambhava) for five days. Incense Rinpoc!le. 1Juming Ceremony. Invocation of Dharma prdtec tors on the Birthtiay of His Holines~ the, Dalai Lama. (vji) Garthang Monastery: The Garthang oracle is one of the State 6th Tib,. Month Oracles and he interprets some of the Predictious of the Nechung Oracle. Ground Ritual of Sri Chakrasambara for foqr days, followed by nve days of Creation of ColOllt:.ep .(v~) Ny,ungne Lhatkang: Sand Mandala and Cohesive Rites, and Worsqip~ allcJ The centre which organizes fasts especial Burnt Offerings. ly at the time of Budha Purnima. 1t 7th Tib. Month is situated in Mcleodganj. Training of Ritq_al, Dance, Draw,ing Proportions of (~) :J;..hagyalri (Lhapsel ground): Mandala, Chantings and the art of Making Rit4al The Tibetans perform their prepitiation rites Cakes during the Summer, Retreat. to t~e protecting deities and guardian 8th Ti~. Month Gods lies below the residence of His Holiness. Ritual Cake Offerings and Cohesive Rites Ragri d91 of Palden Lhamo for seven days. (~) Retre~t Caves: 9Jh Tib. Month IIi the hills above the Bhagsunag water Ground Ritual of Bairava for three days, follow ... foutltains, there are some caves where, e~ by nve days of Creation of Mandala, Cohesiw Lamas and Monks meditate these cave Rites and Worsliip and Consecration CeremQUY are most tranqUil and ideal ·foJ such GR10k Charb.eb 'concluded by a Burnt Offring. purposes. It takes about two hours. tp treck-up to these caves. 10th 'Lib. ¥o"!th Necbung Monastery Ritual ~!{ke Offerings and CQb~§jv.e l,Utq$ of r ~ Mahakala for seven -day.s;. Located below the Library and the office of the nth Tib. Month AssemBly of A the Tibetan People Deputies in the new .~4Ri~. of Nechung Monastery. It is a seat _of Nechung Training of Ritual 1?>aoc~ Qf tlle 29th Gt;Qund Oi~.s'.e. ~bo]lt 30 ID:onks stu~y here an~ carryon th7 Ritual Da"'nce and, Goddess D~t1c~ alld_ oth~Ji. ~ret and sacred ntuals whlCh have smce the time 12th 'fib. Month of GUru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) in the 8* century acted as the spiritual guide of the Tibetan 'DIe Great Annual Propitiation Ceremony at the ~,?:v~rnm~_nt. The Nechung oracle is especially asso c9.n~lusi,?q. 6f the y~ar fbr 'seven days and counting of Invoc~tidn ~rayers tbe prptectqrs and oracles of ~~te4 with the Dalai Lama and plays an important of r~lt? 'in th~ search for the incarnations of the Dalai Tib.et. ~~~s .. Fa'miiy Planning Measure~ Calendar of the Annual Religious Ceremonies of Family PJanning, is the ne~d of the moderp._ .times Na~gyl!.l J.ylonast~~ because, population explosion is threatening the ec,9- Jst· Tib. Month nomy down to the householO level. During t1;.le ,_ survey, specific questions were asked from the res New Year Celebration and Great Prayer Fes6vaI. pondents about the a~areness of family planning Ritua('Cake Offerings and Cohesive Rites of the measures. The results of this. enquiry are given in Dhurina protector, Chamsing, for seven days. the table XII. 2 here as under : TABL"!! 'xn-2 Knowledge About Family· Planning Measures as Related to· Education, Religion and Caste/Tribe olln/ormant Religion and Castel Educational Status .: NumQeT aware of family planning measures Tribe of informant Illiterate, Literate upto Total """I Matrie, Matric and, pu~,~r. P~ssibili.ty Sterliza- Condom- Loop Oral Tube- Abor- above pf pxevet.- tion Nirodh pills ctomy tion tion o( births - ----_ 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 ---- HINDU Rajput Illiterate 25 22 19 1 2 3 • 3" Literate upto Matrie 24 20 13 7 5 4 Matric and above 30 28 7 12 12 11 Brahmin Illiterate 4 4 3 - Literate upto Matrie 17 16 13 5 4 4 2 '\: Matrie and above 35 33 14 8 5 5 2 6 Kanojiya Illitt;rate . Lite~ate upto Matne Matrie and above 1 Badhi Illiterate 3 2 1 Liter~te upto Matrie 2 2 2 Matrie and abQ.v.e 3 3 1 2 Nai .DIiterate Literate upto Matrie 1 1 1 1 l' Matrie and abo.ve Kabirpanthi Illiterate 1 1 1- Literate upto Matrie 1 1 1 1 Matrie and above Mahajan Il1it~rate -, Literate upto Matrie 2 1 Ma.Jrje and abov.e 6 6 1 Balmiki Illiterate 3 3 2 Literate upto Matrie 7 6 5 1 Matrje and abov.e 1 1 Chamar IIIite@te Literate upto Matrie 2 'Z Ma.Jrie and abQve Sunar Illiterate Literate upto Matrie 2 1 1 Matrie and above 1 t 1 Ghirith Illiterate 1 1 Literate upto Matrie . . _, Matrie and above 3 3 1 1 1 Khatri TIliterate 3 3 3 1 Literate upto Matrie 6 3 1 1 Matde and abQve 12 12 2 1 - Kumhar Illiterate Literate upto Matrie Matrie and above 1 1 Chaudhry Illiterate 1 Literate upto Matrie 2 1 1 1 Matrie and above Aggarwal [lliterate Literate upto Matrie 1 1 1 1 '1 Matric and above 1 Kaistha T'literate Literate upto Matrie 1 Matrie and above 1 ;117 TABLE XII-2-cOIftd. Knowledge About Family PlaM/,., ;Measures tI.J·Related 10 Education, RelI,ioll.mtti !;osle/Tribe oj.l/iformanl Religion and Castel Educational Statu. Tot~ Number: aware of family pl!UUl!ng m~ures ( Tribe of informant Illiterate, Literate upto num r Matric, Mattie and Possibility Stetliza- Condom! Loop Oral Tube- Abor- above o.rp~ent- tion Nirodh pilla elomy tion tlon 0 births 1 2 3 " S 6 1 8 9 10 Kphli • Illiterate Literate upto Mattie Matrie and above 1 1 ..... Malhotra Illiterate' Literate upto Mattie . Matrie and above 1 1 1 1 - Gupta Dliterate , Literate upto Mattie Mattie and above 3 3 1 !:.Ohar Dliterate 1 1 1 Literate upto Mattie Matrie and above 1 1 Sehgal Dliterate Literate upto Mattie Mattie and above 1 1 1 1 1 Pberera Illiterate > Literate upto Matrie 1 1 1 1 Mattie and above 1 Dliterate Literate upto Mattie 1 1 Mattie and above ' ,.t Dliterate Literate upto Matrle 1 1 1 1 Mattie and above Sood Illiterate' ...:.. . Literate upto Mattie 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 Matrie and above S .. 2 2 1 2 SIKH 1at Dliterate ..._ Literate upto Matrie Matrie and above 2 1 1 1 1 SaiDi . Illiterate Literate upto Maitric Matne and above 1 1 M&bajan Illiterate Literate upto Matrie 2 2 2 1 1 Mattie and above 1 1 1 1 1 1 Majsotra llliterate 1 1 1 Literate upto Matrie ,- Matrie and above MUSLIM , Sayed Illiterate Literate upto Matrie Matrie and aJ;x>ve 1 1 BUDDHISTI TIBETAN. Illiterate 6 3 1 1 1 1 Literate upto Matric 9 2 1 1 .... -:'"'.-1 Mattie and above IS "6 1 2 3 -112- ~;-:'TABt.B :)ttt.2-to'ntd. Knowleap ~bo7it~FQihily-.PlsttrJinr Measur.s 'culRelated to Educatlo_n. Religion and-Ca8teJTr~be. 01. i,!:IO:.r~nl Religion and Castel Educational Status ", '_ Number aware of family planning measures Tribe of informant Illiterate, Literate upto Matrie, Matrie and All OoperloT Leopto- Only'hear Self con- Vasec- JeUy' S'afe Period above ~cthoda- Scopic, say kno- ciousness t~my Methods !-,. wledge 1 12 : 13 14 IS 16 17 18 HINDU -Rajput Illiterate 3 Literate upto Matrie 1 Matrie and above - Brahmin .: Illiterate 1 Literate upto Matrie 1 - Matrie and above 11 1 1 2 Kanojiya, -; Illiterate . Literate upto Matrie Matrie and above 1 tladhi Illiterate 1 1 Literate upto Matrie Matrie and above Illiterate Literate upto Matrie 1 - 1 -MatrkLand above Kabirpanthi TIliterat Lit'el'ate upto Matric Matrie and above Mahajan -:- Illiterate _. Literate upto Matrie 1 Matrie and above 3 BaImiki l1Iit~rate Litetate upto Matrle 2 - Matrie and above 1 Chamar Illiterate __ Literate upto Matrle 1 Matrie and above _, Sunar I1firerate Literate upto Matrie Matrie and above -Ghirith Illiterate 1 Literate upto Matrle Matrie and abOve 1 1 1 1 Khatri Dliterate Literate upto Matrle 2 1 1 Mafrie and above 9 Kumhar Illiterate Literate upto Matrie Matrie and above Chaudhry llliterate 1 Literate upto Matlie 1 Matrie and above -_ Aggarwal. Illiterate Literate upto Matne -. Matrie and above -.....: Kaistha D1iterate Literate upto Matrle 1 Matrie and above TAIU.-~. If'flOWkdge AboUi Family n";""",, Ahtmnwt16 R.,.. to BtItIetII_ ·lWIttItRi'_'Ctlnel'Trl'- tt/11f/o"",ml Religion and Castel Educational Status Number aware of family plaJmhti measures 'Tribe ,of jnformant Illiterate, Literate:lto Matric, Mattie a ' All Caper-T Lcp~Oo Only hear Self coo- Va5CI;- Jelly Safe Period above Methods ICOplC :)mOo• ciouanesa tomy Methods 1 2 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 Kohli Illiterate Literate upto Mauie Matrie and above 1 Malhotra Illiterate Literate upto Matrie Mauie and alxwe Gupta Illiterate Literate upto Mauie Ma.uic and above 1 Lohar Illiterate Literate upto Matric: Matric and above 1 Sehgal Illiterate - Literate upto Matrie Matrie and abo.vI -.. Pherera Dliterate Literate upto Matrie Matric and abQ,ve Zheer Illiterate Literate upto Mauie 1 MaUie and abg,ve Jat • Illiterate · Literate upto Natrie Mallie and a\l(lve ~ - Sood Dliterate · Literate upto Matric Mauie and above 1 1 1 SIKH Jat Illiterate Literate upto Matric M:auic and above 1 --. Saini • Illiterate · Literate upto Matrie Mauie and a~ve 1 _,. ,MahlUm. Illiterate • Literate upto .Mattie Matrie and aJx>vo Majlotn\ • Illiterate · Literate upto Matrie Matrie and above MUSLIM . Sayed Illiterate · Literate upto Matrie --...,.. Matrie and above BUDDHISTI TlJ)ETAN I1ijterate 1 1 · Literate upto Matrie 5 Matrie and above 3 2 2 Souaa : Houiehold Survey data, 1986-87. .~ TAIU X1I.3 Practlc~ 01 Family Pltuutl", "'~(J8I11'.' by R.ngion. <:tJlt~1 TrIfJ.. Age tmd $~% Religion and Age Group ~ 0( M-'es adopted Number of Females adopted Caste/Tribe r- r- Condom Vcsoctomy Tubectomy Leproscopy Loop 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 Rajput Below 20 - 20-29 2 1 30-39 I 1 3 40-49 3 SO+ 5 Brahmin . Below 20 20-29 30-39 J 2 1 40-49 SO+ 1 Kanojiya Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ Badhi Below 20 20-29 1 30-39 t -r- 40-49 -t 50+ - Mahajan Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ Balmiki Below 20 20-29 30-39 1 1 40-49 1 1 SO+ Khatri Below 20 20-29 30-39 I 40-49 1 1 1 50+ 1 Agarwal . . Below 20 20-29 30-39 1 40-49 50+ - Soot! • . Below 20 20-29 30-39 4Q.-4g 1 '0+ 1-21' TADLJl_Xn-.3-eo"cl4. Practice of Family Planning measures by Religion, Caste/Tribe! Age and Sex Religion and Age Group Number of Males adopted Number of Females Adopted Caste/Tribe ,- r- ...A. Condom -Vesectomy Tubectomy Leproscopic Loop 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 Ghirith Below 20 20--29 30--39 2 40-49 50+ Kabirpanthi Below 20 20--29 30-39 40-49 50+ 1 Gupta Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 2 50+ Chamar Below 20 20-29 .. 30-39 40-49 50+ Ch~udhry Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 1 50+ Sikh/Saini Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ Tibetan/Buddhist Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ All Ages Below 20 20-29 1 2 3 30-39 3 ..6 11 40-49 .. 5 .4 4 2 50+ 9 JJ Sl.lm.CJl ; Hou~ehold Survey data, 1986~87. 1~. TABU! xn·4 Attitude of Spouse 10wardJ tire Practice of Family Planning MeaJureJ, Religion. CaJte/Trlbe and Education of Spouse Religion! Male Caste/Tribe r------~.------~ Number of practising males who are Number of practising males who are literates upto illiterate and whose wives arc also matric standard and whose wives are r------~ r------A.------~ Illiterate and are havins Literate and Illiterate and are having Literate upto Other and are havinl matric and are having are having ,----A..--. ,- Good No response Necessary to Good Favourable Good prevent new response Birth --_._------_.__ .-_. 1 2 4 S 6 7 8 Rajput 1 Brahmin Kanojiya Badhi 1 Mahajan Balmiki 1 Khatri 1 Aggarwal Sood Ghirith . Kabirpanthi 1 Gupta Chamar Chaudhry • Sikh/Saini. . Buddhist/Tibetan Total 2 1 1 2 ReI igion I Male Female CastejTribe r- ~ Number of practising males who arc matric and above and No. of practising females who are illiterate whose wives arc and whose husbands are also r- nliterate and arc Literate Matric and above Dliterate and are Literate and are havina upto Matrie and are having having having are having and r----A. r- r- r- Feeling Better to Good Favourable Useful Better Good Support- Good Better to good prevent and good and help- to control ed family prevent New ful birth & Planning more Binhs Birth good for health 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Rajput 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 Brahmin 2 1 1 '1 Kanojiya - 1 Badhi 1 Mahajan 1 Balmiki 1 1 Khatri 1 Aggarwal 1 Sood 1 Ghirith Kabirpanthi Gupta 2 Chamar 1 Chaudhry . Sikh/Saini. . Buddhist/Tibetan Total 1 1 7 9 1 2 1 5 4 123 TABLE Xrr-~o1JCld. Attitllde 0/ Spouse towards the Practice 0/ Family Planning Measures. Religion, caste/Tribe and Education 0/ Spouse Religion! Female , Caste/Tribe r- No. of Practising females who are literate upto matric No. of practisin3 f.::rnales who are matric standard and whose husbands are and above and whose husbands are ----. • Illiterate & Literate upto Matric Matric& Illiterate Literate Matrie & above & are having and are having above & and are upto are having having having matric & are having .__.t....----, ,-----A. Good Feeling • Good Feeling Adverse Feeling Feeling better healthy effect on healthy Good body 1 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Rajput 2 1 Brahmin 1 Kanojiya Badhi Mahajan Balrniki Khatri 1 1 Aggarwal Sood Ghirith 2 Kabirpanthi Gupta Chamar Chaudhry . Sikh/Saini. . Bud_dhist/Tibetan Total 2 2 1 3 1 SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986·87. Practice of family planning measnres by religion, table 82 and attitude of spouse to the practice of caste/tribe and age and sex is given in table XII. 3. family planning- measures is given in table XII. 4. Among males, use of condom and vasectomy opera tions -are more popular, 19 males have gone for Crime Statistics and Institutions Dealing with Crimi vasectomy and 9 use condom. Fema1.es prefer tubec nal and Deviant Behaviour tomy operations as out of 23 cases ] 7. had TABLB XII·~ Particulars 0/ Criminal Cases filed in Courtl at "1f 31-12-1986 Type of Criminal Cases Number Number carried over for Number Number instituted ,- ~nding ~nding More than 1.2 yrs. Less than 10 con- In acqui. 2 yrs. 1 yr. viction tal 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 1. Cases Under I.P.C. 7 S 3 1 2. Cases under Forest Act 3. Complaint Cases 13 2 3 7 4. Excise Act . 2 2 S. Essential Commodities Act 1 1 6. Sessions trials 1 1 7. Corruption cases 1 1 Total 25 8 9 9 ~ .. -,.- ... . -- --- ._ - -~ -_... _.. -- .. .-_."-._- .. -_- -- - "-- .. -__ ._ SoUltCJI : District and Session 1udge Court, Dharmsala. 124 District Jail In appendix table 84 and table XII. 6, the infor The district jail complex is situated at the farthest mants have been distributed according to kno\\'le4e$ end of the town in Lower Dharmsala having a larger about Indian Social Legislations as related to religion, area of agricultural land. I t accommodates a large number of criminals imprisoned for different crime';. caste/colllmunity and educational level and occupa The details about the jail is given in appendix table 83. tional categt ),·its respectively. TABLE XII-6 Kllml'led!(c (}I lndiull Sodal Legicllatioll liS related 10 Occupatlil all.! t"dllclItiulI III tile illjiJl"llUlII1 Occupation of informant No. of Number of illiterates Numb0r of literates upto Number of Educated informant having knowleuge/No Matric Standard having above Matrie having knowledge about Indian knowledge/No knowledge knowledge/No knowledge Social Legislation nhout Indian Socia! about Social Legislation Legislation " , ______. ____ ...A-. ______.-\ r------____A._------~ .--~--~---.....-, Aware Not aware Aware NOl aware Aware Not aware 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Junior Engineer (Electrical) 1 Technician Communication 1 Doctors (M.B.B.S.) 2 2 Ayufvedic (Vaid) 2 2 Pharmacist 2 Compounder Nurse Trained Dai Mid wife Health Visitor Social Worker Advocate 2 2 Teacher (Primary) 3 2 Teacher High/Higher Secondary School 7 7 Lecturer (College) 4 4 Accountant 3 Audit Officer Junior Accounts Officer 1 1 Photographer 2 2 Lab. Attendant Secretary M.e. Programme OJiiccr of Tibetan Secre tariate Deputy Secretary in Tibetan Secre tariate . t Planning Officer Programme Officer Health 1 Secretary in Tibetan Secretariate . 1 Bank Manager . 2 2 Printing Press Owner Slate Mine Owner Manager in Petrol Pump Contractor Cement Supply 2 Contractor Mines Transporter 3 2 Home Postor 1 1 Manager Guest House Assistant Unit Officer Dhanmala Superintendent/Section Officer 4 3 Assistant 6 5 125 92.MjS120DCOHP-l0 TULE XTI-6-concld. Knowledge of Indian Socitl/ Leli.s/tttion as related 10 Occupation and Education of the Informant OccupatiQn of informant No. of Number of illiterates Number of literates upto Num1~r of t: UUlated informant having knowledge/No Matrie Standard having at .\, JI Ltrk havinG knowledge about Indian knowledge/No knowledge knon'le' -;e!No :,no\\<- Social Legislation about Indian Social Iedr~ ['b(lU[ ~ocial Legislation Lc;:;iG; t~o.'l r ,,,._ r--.A.. ___ , Aware Not aware Aware Not aware Av.ar. l\u! .:tv,art; 2 3 ----456------7 Incharge Export Marketing 1 Range Officer/Dy. Ranger 2 1 Technical Supervisor 1 1 Head Cashier 1 Personal Assistant 1 Clerk. ' 3 2 Peon 6 2 3 Chowkidar I 1 Treasure 2 2 Munshi 1 Store-keeper 1 1 Tea Shopkeeper 7 2 2 2 1 Shopkeeper Grocery 9 1 5 2 1 Cloth Shopkeeper 4 2 1 1 Shopkeeper Tiles 1 1 Book Seller 2 1 1 Shopkeeper Maniyari 2 1 1 Garment Seller 1 1 Gram SeUer 1 Chemist Shop 1 1 Ayurvedic Medicine Seller 1 Confectionery Seller 1 Crockery Seller . 1 1 Stationery Sellcr 1 1 Coal Seller 1 Vegetable Seller 1 1 Salesman Handicraft 1 1 House Mother . 2 J 1 RestaurantjDhaba Owner 4 1 1 Waiter 2 2 Cook 2 1 1 Head Constable 2 2 Stove Repairer . 1 1 Sweeper 4 1 2 1 Cultivator 16 14 1 Gardner 1 1 Livestock. 1 I Halwai 3 2 Tailor 3 3 Pipe Fitter 1 1 Jeweller • 2 1 Goldsmith 1 Painter 1 Mule Transporter 1 1 Driver 3 1 1 Labourer (mini) 3 3 Labourer. 4 1 2 Shoe Maker 1 Weaver 2 I Household duties 50 4 6 24 12 3 1 Retired 19 2 9 3 4 1 Dependent • . 5 1 3 1 Seeking Employment . 2 2 Student 1 1 Total 260 9 39 85 52 65 92 SoURCIl : Household Survey data, 1986·87. 126 CHAPTER XIn LINKAGES AND CONTINUA According to the Surveyor General, the area of With the influx of Tibetan reftlgees and establishment the district is 5,739 Sq. Kms., but according to Direc of a Tibetan G.overnment in Exile, the town has been tor of Land Records, Himachal Pradesh it is elevated to an Inter-national importance and has be 4,849.25 Sq. Kms. Kangra district constitutes 10.3 come a place of pilgJ;image to Tibetans living in percent of the state area and ranks 4th among the different part of the country. His Holiness, The districts, and according to 1981 Census it ranks first Dalai Lama is both a spiritual and temporal head of with a population of 990,758 persons constituting tll..-: Tibetan Community who has his resi T,uLll Xlll-l Tr8~II"n1/ex illl'efSJJlls, Males, Females 01 the TuwII by Locality TownlLocality Population ,-____TraWl.A. Index ,------~------~ Persons Males Females Persons Males Females ------~------.------2 3 4 5 6 7 Ward No.1 (a) Dbarmkot (b) Naddi 11. 62 54 310 374 237 Ward No. 2 (a) Forsythganj (b) Bhaasuna: 11!1 S3 66 717 630 787 Ward No. 3 (a) Mc1eodganj (b) Gamroo • 1(:) 34 46 479 545 430 Ward No. 4 Sangam Park . 69 37 32 763 617 931 Ward No. 5 (a) Khajanchi Mohalla (b) ehaoder Mar, 65 30 35 640 664 619 Ward No. 6 Kotwali East • 115 58 57 525 533 516 Ward No.7 Kotwali West. 93 47 SI 777 756 797 Ward No. 8 a) Arya Smaj Mandir (b) Gurdwara R(lad 35 19 ·46 829 798 856 Ward No. 9 Chilgari • '7 so 47 768 676 866 Ward No. 10 Kacheheri area 56 32 5S3 692 450 Ward No. 11 Depot Bazar Area • ,_ '1.7 14 449 410 523 Ward No. 12 Civil Litles Area 79 42 37 792 793 791 Ward No. 13 Shahecd Smark Area 89 046 43 788 1,026 534 Total l,t"1» 549 S60 647 651 643 SoURCE : Household Survey data, l!U6-17. The above table shows travel index of persons, by females. The highest average nr returned from males and females localitywise. The overall index Arya S~aj and Gurdwarrt locality i.e: 829 kilometers shows that Q47 kilometers ha.ve been_ covered by ~11 (798 kIlometers by males and 856 kilometers by persons,_ 651 kilometers by males ~Ad ~3 kilometers females). The lowest average is returned from Dharm- 128 kat i.e. 310 kilomd~rs bj total persons (374 kilo ing Ulany ~lac.cs ()utside the town. Dharm"Kot and meters by males and 237 kilometers by females). From Naddi localities. are mainly inhabited by villagers and til(' tn:vel index it J'l obt-erved that D10bility of their travel index is the lowest which il'. evidently a perM>ilS 1'> rea<;on:1bly high among the afliuent section proof of their immohility. l1f ~hc populati('n. in the Gurdwara and Arya Samaj FUL!.her break-up of persons showing their travel loculrtle~ are GIOStly business c1a~s communities mdex by ~aste/cammunity and occupa.tional cate fI:siJtng and lhey haw availed opportunities. of visit- gory is given in tables Xl n.2 and XIII.3 below: TABU! XUT·2 Travt'l 'l1dt'x of P~rJOlls. Malef. Felll'a/"(s by Cwt/Tl'ii-t/Corrcrffllllily (. .1" h:"" ) r h? ( t"l.lnl\.U',lv Population Travel fndex (Average distance covered by) r ") Persons Males FeImltes Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 () 7 ------l. R l '{ t 336 177 159 5R7 588 586 2. .3ra,l{r;n 146 119 127 614 652 577 Tibel.l,1 97 47 SG 1,091 ],080 I, lOt 4 Khat"J 97 48 441 491 469 SJ3 '5 Ralmik: 53 23 30 888 1,105 7'1J 6. rvla 1-t'lj:ll~ 51 26 :!5 1,0'69 875 1,271 I. ;) liJmrl BJJhi 30 13 17 449 526 l< "ol)d 35 15 2& 661 732 9. (lh,c ,,) 22 , 13 329 341 10. Cha ..lllhl'). 10 5 5 245 418 73 11. SL 'l~L ~1e,lr.1 11 5 6 481 498 467 12. Jat 14 Hl 4 424 303 726 13 G.lp:a 13 7 (; 521 593 437 14. Karl:panthi 14- i I 210 146 257 1'5. Chamar 10 7 3 ]53 183 83 16. AggW'Wlt 8 4 4- 1,335 1.339 1,332 17. K,.j~th:l II 3 I 377 .f17 362 1~. j,oJ'ar 10 5 5 242 305 180 19. K"nnjiya 6 3 3 242 66 37 20. ;-;!>ti 4 2 2 281 500 61 :1. \'I\lhotra 2 1 1,282 2,090 473 22. Suipi 3 .2 2.057 1.::05 2.484 21. St'!oed 3 1 2 2,690 655 3,708 "t "ie11g,,l 4 2 1 268 325 109 15. M:.,gnl r,l 4- 2 2 229 225 203 211. Ze.:1 . 500 500 27. k.umhar 2 1 2.090 2,090 2,090 .2~. Pn'''~ n 8 3 5 76 77 76 :'9. Kllh I 4 3 618 688 406 futal : 1,109 549 i60 647 651 643 C:;lJm Travel Index Population .A--___..... (Average distance covered by) Occupation of Head of the Households r- -.A.. Persous Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fitter in I.P.H. 9 3 6 73 54 83 Peon 28 16 12 388 387 390 Agriculturist 20 10 10 469 583 355 state Quarrying 52 23 29 126 218 53 Slate- Mine Contractor 25 13 12 258 354 153 Tea Shopkeeper 29 18 11 196 284 54 Manager in Guest House 4 3 1 389 351 500 Karyana Shopkeeper 23 14 9 642 696 557 Mule 'Transporter 3 2 75 226' Chowkidar 8 5 3 267 224 339 Carpenter 5 2 3 760 800 733 _/ Trained Dai in Civil Hospital 15 5 10 822 1,348 559 Graduate Teacher 4 1 3 1,283 2,069 1,020 Prirrlary Teacher 10 6 4 569 665 425 Grocery Shopkeeper 15 6 9 870 1,022 768 Gardner 6 3 3 161 148 175 Technician (Telephone Exchange) 99 99 Shoe-maker 11 5 6 107 158 66 Livestock 9 5 4 200 58 378 Sweeper 19 8 11 152 315 34 Carper Weaver' 3 3 690 690 Cook 16 10 6 799 610 1,113 Programme Officer 5 3 2 684 1,140 Incharge' Export-Market 3 2 1 1,034 776 1,551 Statiohery Seller 14 6 8 1,015 751 1,213 Restautant owner 13 9 4 464 449 497 Audit officer 2,762 2,762 Dy. Secretary 5 3 2 1,483 1,236 1,854 Watch Shopkeeper and Repa.irer 1 500 500 Line>'Man (Telephone) 2 304 500 107 Bill 'E:ollector in Bank 2 1,050 1,600 500 Clerk 28 16 12 282 282. 281 Chemist 11 7 4 241 236 250 JewelJe't'y Shopkeeper 14 7 7 816 793 838 Tailors 36 20 16 231 204 265 Superintendent 15 6 9 612 784 497 Painter'in Handicraft 2 1 1 1,575 3,150 Secretiuy Sponsetship 10 5 5 8~8 828 828 130 TABLE XIIl·3--collcld. Travel Index of Persons, Males and Females by Occupational Category of the Head of Household Travel Index ,..--____Population--A.. (Average distance covered by) Oc-cup' !C 01 He: j of the Households r------"- Persons Males Females Persons Males Females _------2 3 4 5 6 7 --'------_ Home FOlte 5 3 2 558 724 310 Section Ofnc,)f 15 7 8 773 '1,039 541 Assis ant 42 20 22 -534 591 483 Hea( Cltshier 9 3 6 2,:>48 2,385 1,879 Cren'!Lal M'!rchant 45 20 25 963 789 1,103 Range Office 8 3 5 761 708 793 0: chad ;t-curn-J and 1 Jrd 4 3 1 166 221 Gov C:mlr~, ,r B. & R. 2 1 1,282 2,090 473 E- M nU"r 9 4' 5 645 1,050 320 T 'i>c;t Jf Foed Supply. 5 3 2 500 500 500 La\\ er 5 2 3 1,740 2,626 1,149 T'" .lie I Sup, 'Vi'Ol .. 4 2 2 1,409 2,484 334 Sw, Shop1- 1'1 cr 19 11 8 199 302 59 Croc,{erya Tents Shopkeeper, €_ 3 3 750 600 '900 W'litt':f 3 3 386 386 Phot(1r,J TABLE XTII.4 Visit to Rural Areas by Me!1l?ers classified by Locality o/the Household Distm~e of' Places visited and Purpose Locality Total No. of No. of house- , ______Distance.A. of Places Visited house- holds -----, holds whose Upto 11-20 21-50 51-100 101-200 201+ members 10Kms. Kms. Kms. Kms. Kms. ahove visited Km~. rural areas ---- 2 3 4 5 6 ...... 7. 8 9 I. (it) Dharmkot (b) Naddi . 26 16 5 7 3 I 2. (a) Forsthyganj (b) Bhagsunag 29 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 3. (a) Mc1eodganj (b) Gamroo 19 7 I 3 1 2 4. Sangam Park . 20 6 I 2 I 5. (ar Khajanchi Mohalla 14 6 2 1 I 1 (b) Chander Marg 6. Kotwali East 23 8 2 - 2 1 3 7. Kotwali West . . . . . 23 13 I 6 3 3 8. (0) Arya Smaj area (b) Gurdwara Road area 21 10 2 1 4 2 9. ~i1gari . . . .'. 21 16 4 8 3 10. Kacheheri area . . . . . II '9 1 2 3 2 11. Depot Bazar 10 6 1 '3 1 1 12. Civil Lines 21 11 1 2 2 3 2 13. Shaheed Smark 22 14 1 1 4 3 4 Total: 260 134 19 19 33 32 25 6 ; Localty Number of Households whose members Visited for r--'----.------J------~.r_------.A.------____, Socia1 Pleasure To meet To look- To attend DomestiC Death visit family after the the marri- work Cere- members property age mony and and land visit relatives 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 1.(a)'Dharmkot (b) Naddi. . 4 Hi I Z. (a) Forsythganj (b) Bhagsunag 4 4 3 ,. (n) Mcleodganj (b) Gamroo 4 2. 4. Sangam Park . 2 3 5. (a) Khajal1chi Mohalla 2 3 5. Kotwali East . 2 6 - 7. Kotwali West . . . . . 5 1 2 4 ~. (a) Arya Smaj area (b) Gurdwal'a Road area 4 1 5 ~. Chilgari 7 3 6 10. Kacheheri area 4 I 1 3 11. Depot Bazar. 2 2 2 12. Civil Lines 4 7 13. Shaheed Smark 6 6 2 Total: 34 19 50 24 5 ScruRCI : Household Survey data. 1986-87. , . . 13~ Of the ] 34 households whose members visited ed that people have settled ilY the town from the rural areas, 34 paid social visits, 19 had just pleasure ~'uraJ areas of the district though during tJte post visits, 50 ~ouseholds are such whose members paid mdependence era, many families from West Pakistan visit& to rural areas to meet their family members preferred to settle here and the latest setllers OIre amI relatIves. 24 hduseholds visited to look after the Tibetans prop~rty and land. 5 households visited only to attended the marriages. There was only one household Particulars of Places froID/to WbCl' TABLE XTTJ-5 Edllcational and HealtlT Institutions in the Neighbourillg Villages Name of Villages (fnorderof Distance Distance Educational Medical from Urhan" ----A.--.,,--___--:- ___. ...___ ~ __..... from Urban Cf'ntre) Centre Number of Number of Numberof Number of Number Numberof Number Primary Middle Secondary Hospitals of dis- Primary of RClIffi- Schools Schools Schools pe~aries Health tcred Sub- Pra<:ti- Centres tioners (HPS) 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 Mahant Khas o Dhar 2 Kajlot 3 Sudher Kha~ 4 Dharoh Kha~ 5 Sidhbn.ri 6 1 Ghanyara Kha~ . 7 2 Chetru 10 Chari Khas 11 1 1 Gaga1 Khas 12 Dagwar Kha<; 14 Mataur 16 SOURCr: • Village Directory-District Census Handbook-Kangra 1981 Census. ] 3~ TABLE XIII-6 Centres o/lvfarketing, Transport and Commllnications in the Neighbouring Villa{fPs Name of Village (in order Distance Market Market Mode of tJ"ans- Postal Tdegra lh Telephone of distance from urban from urban with per- with weekly port available facilities fadli Ie' facilities centre) cenlle (in Kms) manent huts tevisit urban aVdild.blc a' .be available shops centre ---- 2 3 4 5 6 '7 8 Mahant khas 0 Dharmsala No On foot No No No Dhar 2 Dharmsala No By Bus No l\Tc No KajIot 3 Dharmsala No By Bus No No Ye~ Sudher Khas 3 _)harmsala No By Bus No 1\Jo No Dharoh Khas 5 Dharmsala No By Bus Yes No Yes Sidhbari 6 Dharmsala No By Bus. Yes No Yes .. Ohanyara Khas 7 Dharmsala No By Bus Yes N Yes Chetru 10 Dharmsala No By Bus No N.) No Chari Khas 11 Dharmsala No By Bus Yes No Yes Gaga\ Khus-:- 12 Gagal No By Bus Yes Yes Yes Dagwar Khas 14 Dharmasla No By Bus Yes ~o No Mataur \& Matam No By Bm Yes N.J No SOURCE: Village Directory-District Ce:lsus H:mdbook-Kangra 198 I Census. TABLE XIII-7 Land lise Pattern ----- Name of village (in order of distance Percentage of Land under from urban centre) r-- -, Distance Forest Irrigated by l. n-irngated Culturable Area not source waste available ( nc]udin •. forculti- gmch: r .nd vation groves) ------2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Mahant khas 0 44 90 "l{).73 18.37 2. Dhar 2 PC (5.26) 11.34 5 26 78.14 3. Kajlot 3 60.75 21 49 17.76 4. Sud her khas 3 PC (25.58) 55.81 18.61 5. Dharoh khas 5 PC (3.57) 41 07 19.64 35.72 6. Sidhbari . 6 PC (64.58) 34 38 1.04 7. Ghanyara khas 7 24.39 PC (30.49) 4.88 12.19 28.05 8. Chetru 10 41 59 34 65 23.76 9. Chari khas 11 PC (37.72) 1 32 52 19 8.77 10. Gagal khas 12 PC (61 54) 3 84 24 04 10.58 11. Dagwar khas 14 83 13 10.00 6.67 12. Mataur . 16 61.82 9.09 29.09 PC : Private canal (Kuhl). SOURCE: Village Directory-District Census Handbook-Kangra 1981 Census. 134 TABLE XJTI·8 Population Chal'(lcteristics with Reference to Distance frolll Urban Centre ofthe Neighbouring Vi/lage.~ Nam~ ofvilh C (In :>rdcr ofdistanc(' Distance from Population No. of Percentage Workers "rom urb1n centre) urban centre households of literacy (in kms.) Main MIlT&iaa\ workers workers 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------I. Mahant khns 0 2,791 749 73.41 853 -48 ") Dhal 2 724 119 38.26 193 65 1. ~ajlot 3 662 111 50.60 166 2 4. Sud her Khas 3 108 18 44.44 28 43 J. Dhuroh khas 5 761 141 55.72 204 6!) 6. Sidhhar; 6 609 124 '57.96 1&&' 20 7. Gh:ll1yar,l Khas 7 1,617 263 48.98 437 19 8. Chetru 10 475 87 42.32 141 9. Chan khas 11 1,654 328 53.02 599 39 10. G~H.al khas 12 722 138 67.04 251 44 11. 9r ,'Wd kh;s. 14 202 34 48.51 11~ 2. Malaur 16 747 117 S2.8S' ISS U6 SOURCE: District Census Handbook-Kangra 1981 Census. P? CHAPTER XIV CONCI .. USION It is most aptly said, "God made the country, man Inter-re.lationship amc..r J th' people is generally made the town", Dharmsala which once a forest of mutual faith, coopel d' '0 1, cordiality and good area having pa~turc lands was most:y roamed about neighbourliness. Then" '<, hC1rwony among different by the shepherds about 140 years ago. This pktu caste groups and peopl~ }·ave an accommod!_!ting resque place at~ra:ted attention of the I~ritish rulers spirit and they han 'l1rh a1 rvspect for each other'$ who loved h;lIs. It was at their instance, that the religion and faith, b all tLe localities people of diffe hcadqlinrters of the Kangra district were shifted to rent castel ethnic group:; 118 'e d~velopcd good nci DharmsaJa from Kangr8 in 1855. At that time there ghbourly relation ... , T' •.;y at: helpful to each other were only <1 few villages. Hs development !:itarted in aU social intcfC.cf O1'S 5; ,Cij as f'JJ1ctions, events after (he :,ft.fting of the office of the Deputy Commis like celebration of birlll .1'1(' I~ arriage and sad events ~ioncr and e"1 ... 0Ji~hmcnt of the local Municipal Com Jike deaths. These eV"J1.·s 1"0 'id~ them an opportu. mittee. Dharmsala has one of the oldest local bodies nity to extend help and fli; : oeial interaction blnds in the state ": ud a minutes book relating to the re them. The reciprocity i" ;, 1a mal outcome. mote times i,; 5t;1I ,lvailable in the omce of th~ Muni cipal Com"li.tee, Dharmsala. Against a background Dharmsala being a sr1:....11 p'ace relationship is not of snowc I t' I, tL,t,tir; and the fJr~sts of giant coni~ strictly confhed 1,0 th ig"lbOl d oods, they have wider ferous, th\~ tnw_' ;~ engulfed O~l three sides and the links due to relationship, friendship, colleagues at valley slr~kJ. ~ in the front and th~ perennial streams the places of work, bmitH3S5 contacts, ethnic and which jkwv in a serpentine manner add to the charm caste factors. Ul'lDni~m whbh .113S perclllated to of the v,',lley. The v~ater is utilised by the villagers almost all spheres of eCDro'uic <'ctivWes have added for irrigatil'n purposes by constructing. channe Is yet another very import:nt {' ilJ1eli'lio!1 to bring people (Kul1ls). ~Jl1ct_' 19') t Census, the pQPulatlon or the closer to each other. It is a common feature these toWn h,l<; 'l!r: N 1 : t '1 c'lP'p:>rativdy shwer pace till days that people worl:irg in a particular economic 1971 Cens'r" b~'J :t Ihl~ shown a marked increase of activity attracts the symp:1tlq of the similar group. 32.75 percent p'owth ill 1981 Census. This in.d1c?tes la case of the death of a she p]\.ef per all the shopkee that tl1ere ~'1,<; nnt bc( n riwid growth of urbal1lsatlOn. pers of the area mourn the d~ath by lowering thelr Dharmsala is a s(,fvicc class to'hn 3t'd there is no shutters. If a transport worker is in trouble aU his industrial b ApPENDIX TABLE-l The ROl/te~ Originatin~ from Dltarmsa/a, Their timings alld tile Agency operatillg all each ROllte, relating to Kangra District Sr. Name ot the routc No. of No. of Milcage Name of the ~9mpany No. Permits Trips in KITI~. 2 3 4 5 6 ------Thilbatl-Hosh;arpur 1 IRT 208 D;)[1ra Friends Tpt. Co -op. Society 2 Nirhana-Ho~marplr 1 1RT 164 Dehra Friends Trt. Co-op Society 3 Pongdam-Hoshiarpur .2 2RT 328 -Do. 4 Dharmsald·D( )\sldh VI[\ Hamirpur 2 2ST 270 Do. Do. 2 2ST 270 Ncw Sno,," View Tpt. Co. 5 Dhart111 ala- -nun IRT 126 Dehra Friends Tpt. Co-op. Society 6 Silh-Reyoa an lRT 200 Do. 7 Behi-PalampT ,{ ttralu-P'1lampur, Chobin-Palam pur 3RT 180 Ncw Dev Yatra Transpor,t Co. 8 Neght '-l'ohmp 1\ c<'h, r- Mal dnda, xl\~ndcd to Gaw r 3RT 168 Do. 9 Chamb }attan-D'sda \~antl. V:1 Garli 1 JRT 200 Free India Tourist I Iighways to Dharm 1<.. -pur 1ST 96 New Snow VIC I Tpt. Co. Do. 1ST 96 Jubilee Highways Tpt. Co. 11 DhanJ1: l-~~iil vin-ba~li-Kangra lIST 65 Do. 12 BaijnFlth-HC'h .irpu V;;) h... np a lIST 190 Do. 13 Dharn ~ala-DI' _di F t:uri[ n 1ST 66 New Snow VICW Tpt. Co. Do. 1ST 66 Jubilee Highways Tpt. Co. 14 Dbarm~ -Tfl_Tot I"U v a Ja' 'alaji-Dehra-Garli- Shantla lRT New Snow View Tpt. C-o. 15 Dehra·Pathankot vi. N 'b"'ota Surian-Jawali 1ST 86 New Valley View Tpt. Co. 00. liST 86 Jubilee Highways Tpt. Co. 16 Indora-Kd laIlDhrn V n Pathalll;:ot-Kangra 1 IRT 270 Do. 17 Palamp r-Sl flu!la v a K ngra-Jawalaji·Lagbaliana IRT 190 Do. 18 Chc,bin·Dhangu via "',111gra IRT 292 Jogindera Transport. Co. 19 Ch( 'in Si,- ,11 -1((1 va D]1al n1'ala-Cllarri I IRT 110 Jogindera Transport Co. 20 Dharm~; In r ,I' ·Bir 1 lRT 154 Do. 21 Dhanns~.la·l\'.- 'r 'ia yol 3RT 234 New Snow View Tpt. Co. 174 Do. 22 Dharms,lh -Suja nnr v :'I Khera 1 lRT 190 Do. 23 Jaisl11~ our-S\ altjJu 1 tRT 198 Do. 24 Dhartn~_!IL-Harsha~ta 1 lRT 25 Dhannsa l-Sujanpu 2 2RT 384 Do. 104 Do. 26 Dhanns.lla-Nagrota B, ~\~ n 1 2RT 27 Dharmsala KanglH lil1 (;~_ .~al, 53 Miles Sheela 1 3RT 1.34 Do. 28 Dharmsala ~aura vIa JawaLji-K'nundlan lRT 148 Do. 29 Dhannsala-Si. hpur vi~ Sh<.cla Local Local ISO New Snow View Tpt. 0). 30 Dharmsala-Kangra via Bagli, D/Sala-Dharmsala 56 Do. Calltt. nr 1 3RT 1'68 Kangra Hills ~f,lt. Co. 31 Dharmsala-Dhaneta 1 1RT 32 Pirsaluhi-P,t1ampur via Majherna lRT 226 Do. 33 J.M. Road-Dcotsidh v:a J)h tncta-Mehre-Dandru 1 lRT 280 Do. 34 Basantpur-Deotsldh via Pafhankol-Kangra-Hamir- 496 New Bir Transport Company. pur 2 2ST 35 lndora-Sarimolg via Kangra-Palampur 2 2ST 374 Do. 336- Do. 36 San'>i;l: ·Dh \gu Vl<- PathaJl .)t 2 2ST 272 New Palillnpur Dhar Tpt: Co-op. Society. 37 Naura-Pathankot vi~ P 139 ApPENDIX TADlE-l-contd. 'the Routes Or/gil/filing /rom lJllOrn-lslila. Their fimings ([lid the Agency operating oil each RI)'/fe, r!'J1bu{ t) K't'I,(IO{1 l);~/ricl Sr. Name of the route No. of No. of Mileage Nam0 of the co 11:,::tny No. permits Trips in Kms. ------2 3 4 5 ------41 Palampur-SuUah-Nanaon 1 IRT I)') N ~w P.lhmryUf Dh.lf Tpt. Co-op. S')ci,)ty 42 Bir-Barsar via Kangra-JawaJaji-Nadaun-Dhaneta 2 2ST 296 New Prcm Bm S~rYic~ 43 Kangra-Deotsidh via Hamirpur 1 IRT 244 New· Prem Bu~ S~rvice 44 Tiara-Baijnath 1 lRT 156 Do. Do. lRT 156 Un-employcJ Gr.ldJ'lt~ B-1, S~rl'ic:.! 45 Kang.ra-Palampur lRT 80 New Prem Bus Service 4fj Palampur-Hamirpur 1 lRT 128 Do. 47 Chobin-Dhangu 1 lRT 288 Do. 48 Kangra-Dramman 1 lRT 50 Do. 49 Na~ota-Deotsidh via Hamirpur 1 lRT 278 Un-employed Graduate Bus S~rYice SO Bagaura-Rakkar via Jawalaji-Dehra lRT 240 Do. 51 Kangra-Hamirpur via PaJampur 1 lRT 200 Do. Do. 1 lRT ZOO Kangra Roadways Do. 1 lRT 200 Pahari Janta Bus Service 52 Salol-Agojar 1 lRT 152 Un-employed Graduate B.lS Service 53 Dltami-Baijnath-P.~ur-Nagri-D/Sala-Kangra lRT 308 Kangra Roadways S4 Jawalaji-Salyali 2RT 164 K.S. Chauhan Bus Service 55 Ladori-GugJara via Jawali 1 2RT 100 Do. 56 Gugiara-Nurpur-Guglara-Jawali 1 2RT 120 Anup Bus Service 57 Guglara-Nurpur-Khani-Indora 1 lRT 152 Do. 58 Rcy-Indora via Gangath 1 lRT 110 Krishna Transport Company 59 Rcy-GugJara via Pathankot 1 lRT 180 Do. 60 Rey-Salyali-Jawali 1 lRT 190 Do. 61 Nurpur-Dhameta 1 2RT 180 Do. 62 Indpur-Dhameta via Pathankot 1 lRT 190 Do. 63 Dhameta-Kathiar via Pathankot 2 2ST 200 Do. 64 Indora-Manali 1 lRT 144 Do. 65 Dhameta-Dehra via Jawali 1 lRT 184 Do. 66 Jasur-Jawali 1 lRT 94 Do. 67 Gui!ara-Gangath via Jasur 1 3RT 150 Krishna Transport Company 68 Dhameta-Garli via Terracc-Dhaliara 1 tRT 150 Do. 69 Jasur-Deotsidh via Shahtalai 1 1ST 180 Do. Do. l' 1ST 180 Krishna Tpt. Co-op. Society 70 Kath&arh-Salyali 1 2RT 210 Krishna Transport Company 71 Massal-Dhangu via D/Sala 1 lRT 230 National Bus Service 72 Jalo~Dharmsala-Palampur-Kangra-Palam'pur Dharmsala-D/Sala-Jaldt . . . liST 170 Do. 73 Nagri-Palampur·Dharmsala-Kangra- Naarota-P. Pur, D/Sala.Kangra, Kangra-P. Put, Palampur-Nagrota . . . . . lIST 142 Do. 74 Rajhoon-Dlumgu via Kangra-Damtal 1 lRT 252 Do. 7S Naarota-Bhota via Palampur 1 lRT 206 Do. 76 Nanaon·Dharmsala-Pa.lampur-D./Sala, Palampur- D/Sala-Nanaon . . . . . 1ST 229 Kaistha Bus Service 77 Kandwari-Dharmsala via Napni, D/Sala-Guga via Bandi. • . . • • . . 1 lRT 182 Do. 7& Kandi·Nagrota-Kangra-53 Miles D/Sala-Nogri and Palampur-Kandi...... 1 lRT 214 Do. 7~ Dharmsala-Sujanpur via Palampur lRT 170 Do. 80 Dharmsala-Kandi via Yol & D/Sala-Kangra via GapI...... 1 lRT 185 Do. 31 Uttra Gr~n-Sansal via Charri-KaD.Jfa 1 1RT .,204 - Do. 140 ApPENDIX TABLE-I-colltd. The Routes OrigInating ji-Olll Dharmsala. Their timings alld the Agency operating all each rOllte. rel(/tillg to Kallgra District Sr. Name of the route No. of No. of Mileage Name of tile company No. Permits Trips in Kms. ------.--_ ---- 2 3 4 5 6 ------82 Jalot-Kangra via 53 Miles-D/Sala-Kunal Pathri 1 lRT 140 Kai'Stha Bus Servics 83 Rey-Dhameta yia Pathankot-Indora 1 lRT 206 Rajan Bus Service. 84 Dhameta-Chintapurani-Nadaun 1 lRT 172 00. 85 Nurpur-Chanour Mandir 1 lRT_ 240 Do. 86 Jawali-Gangath 2RT 180 H.S. Pllthania Bus Service 87 Harsipattan-Dharmsala via Kotlu lRT 180 Dhaula Dhar Bus Service 88 Naura-Sujanpur 1RT J20 Do. 89 Palampur-Thural 1 1RT 54 Do. 90 Dharmsalu-Purba 1 lRT l16 Do. 91 Palampur-Bachhwai-Jawalaji 1 lRT 176 Do. 92 Ladori-Dhameta 1 2RT • 220 New Janta Transport Company 93 Salyali-Guglara extcndell to Nagrota Surian lRT 120 Do. 94 Rey-Salyali lRT 156 Do. 95 Kathiar-Jawali via Pathankot lRT 210 Do. 96 Dharmsala-Ukhli lRT 250 Dhian Bus Service Do. lRT 250 New-Chiniot Transport Company 97 Ladori Gangath 2RT, Jasur, Jawali IRT 1 3RT I 160 Durga Darshan Bus Service 98 Dhameta-Dharmsala-Kangra 1 lRT 280 Kamal Bus Service 99 Rey-Dharms~!a-Kangra lRT 254 Do. 100 Malahri-Indora-Kandrori-Damtal-Behi-Mehtan 2RT 120 Bishambher Singh Bus Service 1RT & Beli Mehantan-Kathgarh 101 Chamba Pattan-Harsur via Jawalaji lRT 190 Friends Bus Service. 102 Kotla Deotsidh via Jawalaji 1 lRT 244 Do. 103 Kakkar-Terrace 1 1RT 260 Do. 104 Nagrota-Dharmsala-Kangra-Pclampur-D/Sal The Routes Originating from Dharmsala, Their timings and the Agency operating 011 each Route, relating to Kallgra District Sr. Name of the route No. of No. of Mileage Name of tho;) company No. Permits Trips in Kms. 2 3 4 5 6 127 Bhoura-Baijnath-Palampur-Karori-Palampur 4RT 178 A.S. Travels. 128 Gangath-Jawali 2RT, Jasur-Dinilarth lRT 3RT 172 Manoj Transport Company. 129 Indora-Dhangu 5RT 200 R.K. Mini Bus Service. 130 Jasur-Chintpurni via Terrace 1RT 168 Prem Natll Bus Service. 131 Jasur-Chatter, Chatter-Gangath, Chater-Salyali 3RT 180 Ramesll Chand Mansa Ram Bus Service. lRT each 132 Nagrota-Chamunda-Nagrota·Zamanabad-Gaggal- IRT 170 Bhandhari Bus Service (Stop gap to Pdlam D/Sala-Malan-Palampur-Chandpur-Panchrukhi- Valley Tpt. Co.). Andretta-Majherr,a. Paprola-Baijnath-Palampur- Majhema-Chandpur 133 Kangra-Deotsidh via Kangoo-Galore 1 lRT 272 New Chiniot Transport Company. 134 Kangra to Kangra 1 2RT 308 Public Roadways. 135 Kangra-Deotsidh via Hamirpur lRT 260 Public Roadways. 136 Mangwal-Damtal, 2RT Mangwal-Nagrota Surian 3RT 214 Basib Bus Service. via Manoi 137 Chahri-Palampur-Praur-Palampur-Bhoura-Palam- lRT 200 Dewan Parivahan. pur-Malan-Dharmsala-Chahri 138 Kandi-Rehlu 1 IRT 148 Do. 139 Harsipattan-Sujanpur via Bari-Nadaun-Khundian 2 2ST 340 Him Giri Bus Service. 140 Kokey-Palampur lRT 160 Do. 141 Paiampur·Bhatoli Phakurian & Palampur-Panch· tRT 190 New Palam Valley Transport Co. rukhi 142 Dharmsala-Jaisinghpur via NagrL 1 lRT 150 Do. 143 Thakurdwara-Terrace. 1 lRT 190 Himalayan Transport Company. 144 Malkwal-Terrace via Kaodwal-Indora. 1 2RT 280 Ramesh Bus Service. 145 Salyali-Terrace via Jasur-Dhameta. 1 lRT 130 Do. 146 Guglura-Kathgarh via Gangath. 1 lRT 120 Do. 147 Zamanabad-D/Sala-Kangra-53 Mile-DjSala-Zamana- 1 1ST 188 Sullah-Ex-Service Tpt. (Stop gap to V.K. bad-Shabpur Mahajan) Bus Service. 148 D harms ala-Terrace. 2 2ST 312 Beas View-Ex-Servicemen Tpt. Co. Society. 149 Dharmsala-Dehra via Jawalaji 1 1RT 124 Do. 150 Jasur--Jawalaji via Terrace 1 1RT 262 Do. 151 J.M. Road-Terrace 1 1RT 210 Do. 152 Bhattal-Kalan-Mastgarh 1 lRT 200 Do. 153 Kangra-Shantla via Jawalaji-Dehra 1 1RT 172 Nagrota Ex-Servicemen Transport Co. 154 Shahpur-Chand pur 1 2RT 210 Rana Ex-Servicemen Bus Service. 155 Palampur & Kangra;Palampur via Nagri 2RT 160 Nagrota Ex-Servicemen Transport Co. 156 Ladori-Kathiar & Ladori-Badhukhar lRT each 2RT 294 K.C. Jaswal Ex-Servicemen Bus Service. 157 Kangra-Deotsidh via Dhane-Dandru 1RT 21'8 Kangra Ex-Servicemen Transport Co. 158 Majheen-J.M. Road via Nadaun 1 1RT 168 Gajjan Singh Parmar Ex-Servicemen Bus Service; 159 Dramman-Kangra-Baroh • 1 1RT 152 B.S. Ex-Servicemen Bus Service. 160 Haripur-Baijnath via Suohi 1 lRT 220 RR Walia Ex-Servicemen Bus Service. 161 J.M. Road-Nagrota Surian, Nagrota Surian-Kangra via Lunj 2RT 144 Gian Chand Walia, Ex-Serviceman Bus Service. 162 Baggi-Palampur via Dehra lRT 170 M.R. Sharma, Ex-Serviceman Bus Service. 163 Tippri-Pala01pur-Baijnath -Sullah-Sidhpur-Thanb- Baijnath-Palampur . . . • "- 1ST 160 Lila Dhar Awasthi, Ex-Serviceman, Bus Service. 164 Dramman-Sbahpur-Rait.DjSala.Kangra-S3 Miles 2RT 170 C.R. Ex-Servicemen (Previously held by 'i:!' S. S. Guleria), Bus Service. 165 Bandhahu-Arth, Bandhahu·Palampur 2RT 170 Sainik Bus Service. 166 Saosai-Naura·Palampur-Naura-Palampur-Cha- munda 1 3RT 182 Do. 142 'Fhe Routes Originating /rol11 Dhamisl/!a, Their timings and the Agency operating all each Route, relating to Kangra District Sr. Name of [he route No. of No. of Mileage Name of the company No. Permits Trips in Kms. ------~------2 3 4 5 6 167 1.M. Road Barru JRT 152 S.S. Mandial (stop gap issued to Him Gir Bus Service). 168 Jia-Shahpur via D/Sala-Charri IRT 194 S.c. Katoch, Ex-Serviceman Bus Service. 169 Sachuhi-Chintpurni JRT J92 Tulsi Ram, Ex-Serviceman Bus Service. 170 Indora-Khal1yara IRT 170 C. R. Ex-Serviceman (stop gap to Kamal Bus Service). 171 Gheen-Dcotsidh via Kangoo-Galore lRT 165 Dcv Raj Dharam Chand, Ex-Servicemr.n Bus Service'. 172 Sarimolag-Palampur-Palampur-Alampur 2RT 184 Kalpna Bus Syndicate (stop gap to Jyoti Bus Service). J 73 Palampur-Deotsidh via Kangra-Jawalaji-Hamirpur 2 2RT 144 Pahari Janta Bus Service. 174 Zamanabad-D/Sala Contt. via Kunal Pathri-sukker 3RT 190 V.K. Mahajan Bus Service. 175 Salyali-Jawali via Jasur, 2RT, Jasur-Gangath, IRT 3RT 200 Durga Darshan Bus Service. SOURCE: Regional Manager, H.R.T.C. Dharmsala. ApPENDIX TABLE-2 MANDI DISTRICT Sr. Name of the route No. of No. of Mileage Name of the C6mpany No. Permits Trips in Kms. 2 3 4 5 6 --_._------_------1 Multan-Dharmsala Cantt. lRT 292 Jogindra Transport Co. SOURCE: Regional Manager, H.R.T.C. Dharmsala ApPENDIX- T ABLE-3 UNA DISTRICTj Sr. Name of the route No. of No. of Mileage Name of the Company No. Permits Trips in Kms. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kotla-Dharmsala 1 lRT 252 Chintpurni Transport Co-op, Tpt. Society SOURCE: Regional Manager, H.R. T.C. Dharmsala. 143 92-M/S192DCOHP-l1(a) ApPBNDIX TABLl!-4 TIMINGS FROM KANGRA TOWARDS JAWALAJI Sr. Time Route Operator No. 1 2 3 4 1 0535 Dharmsala-Sajau-Piplu HRTC, Dharmsala. 2 0605 Dharmsala-Delhi HRTC, Dharmsala 3 0630 Dharmsala-Chandigarh PRTC 4 0640 Dharmsala-Shimla HRTC, Bilaspur. 5 0700 Dharmsala-Hoshi~rpur Pb. Roadways. 6 0710 Do. HRTC, Dehra. 7 0720 Dharmsala-Deotsidh HRTC, Dharmsala. 8 0740 Dharmsala-Patiala PRTC. 9 0750 Dharmsala-Shimla HRTC, Dharmsala 10 0805 Dharmsala-Jalandhar HRTC, Dehra 11 0830 Dharmsala-Chandigarh HRTC, Dehra 12 0845 Dharmsala-Ambala Haryana Roadways. 13 0915 Dharmsala-Jalandhar Pb. Roadways. 14 0925 Dharmsala-Jajari (Deotsidh) HRTC, Hamirpur. 15 0930 Dharmsala-Hoshiarpur HRTC, Dharmsala. 16 0945 Dharmsala-Chandigarh Pb. Roadways. 17 0955 Dharmsala-Deotsidh MIs. Snow View Tpt. 18 1020 D harmsala-Hoshiarpur HRTC, Una. 19 1115 Dharmsala-Talwara MIs. Bias View Tpt. 20 1125 Dharmsala-Chandigarh Pb. Roadways. 21 1130 Dharmsala-Deotsidh MIs. Debra Friends Tpt. 22 1240 Dharmsala-Tarrace HRTC, Dharmsala. 23 1250 Dharmsala-Hamirpur MIs. Jublee/Snow View Bus Service. 24 1300 Dharmsala-Dhaneta Kangra Hill Tpt. 25 1325 Dharmsala Sardogri HRTC, Debra 26 1350 Dliarmsala-Kotla Dhian Bus Service. -27 1400 Dharmsala-Barota Do. 28 1415 Dharmsala-Hoshiarpur Pb. Roadways. 29 1420 Dharmsala-Khundian-Bari New Snow View Bus Service. 30 1440 Dharmsala-Shantla Do. 31 1450 Dharmsala-Hoshiarpur HRTC, Dharmsala 32 1500 Dharmsala-Kandi (D. Pur) HRTC, Dharmsala. 33 ·1500 Dharmsala-Hamirpur HRTC, Hamirpur. 34 1510 Dharmsala-Chandigarh HRTC, Dharmsala 35 1530 Dharmsala-Chambapattan Free India Bus Service. 36 1530 Dharmsala-Talwara HRTC, Dehra. 37 1540 Dharmsala-Khuundian-Bari HRTC, Dehra. 38 1550 Dharmsala-Shantla Walia Bus Service. 39 1630 Dharmsala-Ludhiana/Hoshiarpur HRTC, Dharmsala 40 1640 Dharmsala-Ukhali MIs. Jublee Bus Service. 41 1715 Dharmsala-Bhatoli MIs. JubleejSnow View Bus Service. 42 1725 Dharmsala-Dehra MIs. Vias View Society. 43 1730 Dharmsala-Hamirpur HRTC, Hamirpur. 44 1740 Dharmsala-Debra MIs. View View Society. 45 1750 Dharmsala-Baroh HRTC, Dharmsala. 46 1800 Dharmsala-Delhi HRTC, Una. 47 1810 Dharmsala-Jawalaji MIs. Dehra Friends Bus Service. 48 1900 Dharmsala-Shimla HRTC, Bilaspur. 49 2000 Dharmsala-Shimla HRTC-Bilaspur. 30 2015 "nharmsiIa-Delhi D.T.C. 51 2200 Dba.nnsala-Dehradoon HRTC,. !'laban. 52 Dharmsala-Delhi D.T.C. SOURCE: Regional Manager, H.R.T.C., Dharmsala. 144 ApPENDIX lABLE-5 TIMINGS FROM KANGRA TOWARDS PATHANKOT Sr. Time Route Operator No. 3 4 1 0640 Nagrota-Dharmsala via Bandi International SOURCB: Regional Manager, H.R.T.C. Dharmsala. ApPENDIX T ABLB-6 TIMINGS FROM KANGRA TOWARDS BAIJNATH Sr Time Route Operator No. ------_-- 1 2 3 4 0615 :blHir~anaJi HRTC, DharmsaJa/KulJu. 2 0710 Dharmsala-Baijnath via Bagli HRTC, Mis. Jublee Tpt. 3 0800 Kangra-Dharmsala via Balah Mis. Picnic TraveHer. 4 0835 Dharmsalll-Kandi via Nagrota MJs. Shivalik :nus Service. 5 1005 Dharmsala-Palampur Mis. National Bus Service. 6 1015 Kangra-Dharmsala via 53 Miles Mis. Kaistha Bus Service. 7 1050 Mangrella-Dharmsala via 53 Miles International Bus Service. 8 1100 Dharmsala-Sullah MIs. New Light Bus Service. 9 1230 Dharmsala-Mandi HRTC. Dharmsala. 10 1350 Dharmsala-Alampur Mis. Snow View Bus Service. 11 1415 Kangra DharmsaJa Mis. Picnic Bus Service. 12 1455 Dharmsala-Palampur via Nagri Mis. National Bus Service. 13 1545 Dharmsala-Nagri HRTC Dharmsala. SOURCE: Regional Manager'4H.R.T.C., Dharmsala. 145 APPIlNDlX Distribution of Workers alld NOli-workers hy Migratioll status with 0-14 15-59 Migration status with --'------, r- ..).._------~ reference to place of last Workers Non-workers Workers Non-workers residence . r--- --A.~--. r------"------. r----"--- -. ,------A------, P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 A. Non-Migrant who do not have place of last residence 3 3 291 149 142 113 75 38 101 36 65 B. Migrant : I. Last residence outside the fown but wilhill the district (3) Rural 32 22 10 88 51 37 70 11 59 (b) Urban - 14 10 4 25 17 8 20 5 15 n. Las/reside1lce outside the district bllt within the'state : 1. Chamba (a) Rural 4 3 1 3 3 (b) Urban 4 2 2 4 2 2 6 3 3 2. Una (a) RUl'al 3 I 2 2 2 5 5 (b) Urban 2 1 4 3 1 2 2 3. Kullu (a) Rural (b) Urban 4 2 2 13 10 3 2 2 4. Hamirpur (a) Rural 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 (b) Urban 5 2 3 5 2 3 . 5. Bilaspur (a) Rural 3 2- 2 2 (b) Urban 1 1 2 2 6. Shimla (a) Rural 2 2 (b) Urban 5 3 2 17 12 5 15 2 13 7. Mandi (a) Rural 1 1 1 (b) Urban 5 3 2 4 3 8. Sirmaur (a) Rural (b) Urban 2 1 1 9. Solan (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 2 .2 2 1 1 10. Kinnaur (a) Rural 11. Lahul & Spiti (a) Rural 3 1 2 III. Last residence in other States: '\ 1. Punjab (a) Rural 8- 7 1 12 12 (b) Urban 12 6 6 22 16 6 27 2 25 2. West Bengal (a) Rural (b) Urban 4 2 2 1 3. Haryana (a) Rural 2 2 1 (b) urban 1 1 1 4'. Uttar Pradesh (a) Rural 1 1 4 3 1 (b) Urban 3 2 13 9 4 4 1 3 5. Jammu & Kashmir (a) Rural 2 2 (b) Urban 1 1 7 6 7 3 4 6. Sikkim {a) Rural ~(b) Urban 1 1 7. Karnataka (a) Rural 2 2 1 1 (b) Urban 3 2 1 1 1 8. Oujarat (a) Rural ~ (b) Urban 1 146 1ABLE-7 reference to place of last Residence. Age-grolljJ alld Sex 60+ All Ages ..A- I I Workers Non-WorkerS Workers Non-Workers I -.. r- --.. I I P M ;p P M F P M F P M F 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ,. 6" 5 8 4 4 122 80 42 400 189 211 8 8 10 1 9 97 59 38 112 34 78 2 2 4 2 2 27 19 8 38 17 21 4 3 1- 3 3 3- 2 4 2 2 13 6 7 3 3 9 2 7 4 3 4 1 3 3 2 14 11 3 9 4 5 5 2 3 4 2 2 9 4 5 2 1 6 3 3 7 3 4 2 2 4 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 18 13 5 23 7 _)6 2 2 - 1 3 3 1 I) 4 2 5 2 3 - -(3 - 2 , - - 2 2 4 3 - 1 3 2 2 2 2 10 9 1 14 1 13 2 2 5 4 24 18 6 44 9 35 4 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 2 5 3 2 1 13 9 4 8 • 2 6 3 1 2 - 8 7 1 8 3 5 1 I 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 ]47 ApPENDIX Distrib;ltioll of Workers and Non-workers by Migration status with 0-14 15-59 Migrati9n status with .A. f- A.. rerrence to place of last Workers Non-Workers Workers Non-Workers residence r-~"""---' r---A._., r---""'------., r-~-__. P M F P M F P M F P M F ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ----- 9. Arunachal Pradesh (a) Rura.l 2 2 1 (b) Urban )0. Bihar (a) Rural (b) Urban 2 2 1 II. Andhra Pradesh (a) Rural (b) Urban 12. Maharashtra (a) Rural (b) Urban 2 3 3 6 5 13. Madhya Pradesh (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 14. Rajasthan (a) Rural (b) Urban 3 3 15. Kerala ~-(a) Rural (b) Urban Delhi (U.T.) . 5 2 3 9 7 2 7 7 .Chandigarh (U.T.) - 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 IV. ,Last residence ill other Country: 1. Tibet 8 4 4 2. Nepal 2 1 1 3. ~akistan 5 4 1 3 3 4. -Hongkong 4 3 1 5. Africa (Zambia) 2 TO.TAL 4 4 398 212 186 398 268 130 330 76 254 l?OURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87, 1ABLE-7 referellce to place of lasl Residence. Age-group and Sex ,-______-----..A- 6(}+ ----, All Ages ------~------Worker;; Non-Workers Workers , ,____ Non-Workers.A. ____ -, ,-_._-__;._-----, ,----'------, r--~------. P M F P M F P M F P 1\1 F ------14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 3 2 2 2 3 3 8 2 6 4 4 1 --_ 1 2 1 10 8 2 12 2 10 3 2 4 4 9 5 4 2 1 2 2 6 5 5 5 4 3 1 3 2 32 31 _56 20 36 434 299 135 184 308 476 149 ApPENDIX Workers and Non-workers by Mother Tongue, , ______T1literate --A. ______-, , ______Literate without --A. Eeucatiomilleve1______~_. 51. Mother Tongu 2 3 4 5- 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Kangri 24 12 12 77 28 49 2 16 12 4 2 Gaddi 28 7 21 20 6 14 4 2 2 3 Hindi 1 1 26 8 J8 9 6 3 4 Punjabi 8 4 4 37 15 22 4 2 2 5- Tibetan 11 4 7 17 9 8 11 8 3 18 10 8 6 Nepali 4 4 5 2 3 7 Dogri 6 4 2 8 Mandiali 2 1 1 4 2 2 9 Kashmiri 10 Chambiati 11 Bengali Total 74 28 46 191 72 119 14 10 4 60 36 24 , ______Middle.A- Matriculates ------, , ---, SI. Mother Tongue , ___Workers----A- __ --, Non-Workers Workers Non-Workers No. .------"- , -----, I -<------, P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 27 28_ 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1 Kangri 36 33 3 34 12 22 35 29 6 37 11 26 2 Gaddi 3 3 1 1 2 2 3- Hindi 7 6 1 13 6 7 7 6 1 20 7 13 4 - Punjabi . 9 9 21 8 13 11 10 1 19 1 18 5 Tibetan. 2 1 1 2 1 1 5 1 4 1 1 6 Nepali . 4 3 1 13 6 7 5 3 2 6 4 2 7 Dogri . 1 1 1 I 8 Mandiali .)' 2 2 3 3 1 9 Kashmiri 1 1 1 1 10 Chambiali 1 1 2 1 11 Bengl;\li . 62 56 6 88 34 54 68 54 14 88 25 63 Technical Diploma not equal to degree Graduate ,------"- --, ,------'------.., SI. Mother Tongue Workers Non-Workers Workers Non-Workers No. ,---"'- ,-----"------. r-----A.---. r---A. P M F P M F P M F P M F 1 2 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 1 Kangri 24 19 5 15 4 11 2 Gaddi 3 Hindi 2 2 - 2- 2 26 19 7 7 2 5 4 Punjabi. 18 14 4 6 6 5- Tibetan. 1 5 2 6 Nepali . 3 3 1 Dogri . -- 2 2 1 8 Mandiali 1 9 Kash::niri 1 10 Chambiali 2 1 3 2 11 Bengali . 3 3 - 2 2 ,83- - 64 19 32 7 25 SOURCE: Houselist Survey data, 1986-87. ISO TAI.ILE-8 Sex and Educational Levels ______Below Primary.A. Primary , ... ------, Workers Non-Workc-rs Workers , ____Non-Workers-.A. ____ ----, ,-----"- ..______...A... _____ ---, ,---_--.A. ____ ----, P M F P M F P M F P M F 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ------8 5 3 59 30 29 22 15 7 61 22 39 5 4 1 14 10 4 13 7 6 6 3 3 17 10 7 4 4 19 4 15 25 9 16 5 5 20 4 16 14 7 7 4 4 11 4 7 13 5 8 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 10 4 14.+ 72 72 49 31 18 123 40 83 ______Hr. Sec./Tntennediate/PUC -.A.______., Non-Tech. Diploma equal to degree r------A..-----_____ ~ .--____--.A.Workers Non-Workers Workers Non-Workers ,------"- -, c--~--.A.------.. I---___""_'---~ P M F P M F P M F P M F 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 10 7 3 - 21 JO 11 3 2 4 A_ II 9 2 11 4 - 7 3 3 8 8 W 3 7 1 1 5 2 3 1 1 - 35 26 9 4~ 18 25 8 1 7 5 4 Post Graduate All Level ,-- ---"-- , ---A. Workres Non-Workers Wrokers Non-WorKers , ---"- ,_____.A.-----., c- -.A. -. P M F l! M F P M F P M F 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 9 6 3 2 2 173 128 45 326 129 197 51 23 28 45 23 6 3 3 3 3 68 51 17 128 ---!~ 78 3 2 1 3 1 2 63 52 11 J45 43 102 3 3 48 24 24 63 31 32 15 10 5 45 20 25 2 1 7 4 3 11 5 6 4 4 10 4 6 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 8 4 4 1 1 24 16 8 8 7 434 299 135 784 _308 476 151 Ap(>ENDJX Employment Statlls of Locality Total.Workers Employment ---'- p M F _ElJ1ployer Employee .------~-----~ p M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 )0 - -- Ward I (Dharmkot, Naddi) 63 34 29 3 3 15 Ward II (Porsythganj, Bhagsu nag) 57 29 28 2 2 28 18 10 Ward TIl (Mc1eodganj, Gamroo) 34 20 14 15 9 6 Ward IV (Sangam Park) . 30 21 9 21 12 9 Ward V (Khajanchi Mohalla. Chan- der Marg) 23 18 5 2 2 17 12 5 Ward -VI (Kotwali East) 43 38 5 1 21 16 5 Ward VIl (Kotwali West) . 26 18 8 22 14 8 Ward VIII CArya Samaj, Gurdwara) 28 21 7 11 7 4 Ward IX (Cililgari) 35 23 12 30 18 12 Ward X (Kacnehri) 20 16 4 10 6 4 Ward XI (Depot Bazar) 15 12 3 10 8 2 Ward XU (Civil Lines) 26 _ 24 2 12 10 2 Ward XIII (Shaheed Smark) 34 25 9 1 22 16 6 Total 434 299 135 12 12 234 160 74 SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. ..152 TABLE-9 Workers by Locality and Sex , " -. " status by sex ------_ Single Workers Family Workers 'Cultivators Agricull ural.A.- Labourers__ .-----'--- , .---,---"- ---, r p M F :p M F P M f' P M F ---- II 12 13 14 15 16 17 111 19 20 21 22 10 8 2 6 4 2 29 5 24 12 7 5 4 2 2 11 11 6 5 7 5 2 5 '5 8 8 4 4 10 10 9 9 2 2 3 3 10 7 3 6 6 3 3 2 2 8 8 2 2 5 4 7 7 7 7 - / 5 5 6 3 3 91 79 12 49 40 9 48 8 40 153 ApPENDIX Emp!oymull status of Workers by ,-___Total Workers..A.. ____ .., Employment Status Caste/Tribe/Community .--.- P M F Employer .--___Employee..A.. ___ ...... r----'--"- , -, P 1\1 F P M F 1 -2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I. Rajput 141 87 54 5 5 67 49 18 2. Brahmin 97 69 28 59 41 18 3. Tibetan 48 24 24 1 31 16 15 4. Khatri ·36 31 .5 4 4 9 7 2 5. Balmiki 16 12 4 1-l 10 4 6. Mahajan 18 14 4 7 3 4 7. Dhiman/Badhi 11 9 2 5 5 8. Sood 12 9 3 6 3 3 9. Ghirith 6 4 2 5 4 10. Sunar/Mehra 5 5 1 1 11. Chaudhary 5 4 3 2 12. Jat 4 4 4 4 13. Gupta - 3 3 3 3 14. Kabirpant~i 2 15. Chamar 4 3 2 1 16. Aggarwal 4 3 2 1 17. Kaistha 4 2 2 4 2 2 18. Lohar 3 3 1 1 19. Kanojiya 1 1 1 1 20. Nai 2 2 1 21. Malhotra 1 22. Saini 1 1 23. Sayed 2 2 2 2 24. Sehgal 1 1 1 25. Majgolra 2 2 2 2 26. Zheer 1 1 27. Kumhar 1 1 28. Pherera 2 2 ,/ 29. Kohli 1 1 1 Total 434 299 135 12 12 234 160 74 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986·87._ 154 tABLE-to Castc/ll'ibe/Colllnlunity and Sex ------"------"by sex ------Single Worker Family Workers Cultivators Agricul'ural Labourer , ____.A. _____--, .A. __-, r- """--...... ------, r- .------"------. P M F P M F P .M F P M F 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 --- 21 17 4 13 12 35 4 31 23 20 3 4 4 11 4 -; 7 3 4 9 4 5 10 10 13 10 3 2 2 6 6 4 4 - 5 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 - 1 . r- 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 - - 1 2 ?-~/ 91 79 12 49 40 9 48 8 40 155 ApPENm;C 1)'Pe of Occupation and Distance fr01ll place Average distance from piace Type of Occupation Average dj"tance Locality-I LolcaJity-II Locality-III Locality-IV (in Kms) (a) Dharmkot (a) Fors)'thganj (a) Mcleodganj (Sangam Park) (b) Naddi (b) Bhagsu- (b) Gumrao nag 2 3 4 5 6 1. Unskilled manual L-l 1 3 2 1·3 8 7 1 3-6 6·10 10+ 2. Skilled manual L-l 5 7 7 1-3 3·6 6·10 10+ 3. Lowest Professional & administrative L·}- 2 3 2 2 (e.g. Primary teachers) 1-3 3 5 1 3-6 1 3 6-10 1 10+ 4. Small Business . L-l 6 10 8 5 1-3 4 1 3-6 6-10 10+ 5. Highly Skilled & Supervisory manual . L-l 1·3 3-6 6-10 10+ 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants L-l 3 3 1-3 3-6 6-10 10+ 7. Intermediate Professional and related Posts, L:1 3 6 Secondary teachers etc. 1-3 3:6 6-10 ---- 10+ 8. Medium Business L-1 4 1-3 3-6 6-10 10+ 9. Highly Professional & Salaried posts • L-1 4 1-3 1 3-6 6-10 10+ 10. Cultivators L-l 25 11 5 ]-3 5 3-6 6-10 10+ 11. Unclassified \ L-l 1-31 3-61 6-10 Total . 63 S7 34 30 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 156 tABl...E-ii of Work by locality 0-q, • ~.'I.' _. '" ~ ~,. of work (in Kms) ~ Locality-V Locality"VI Locality-VII Locality-VIII Locality"IX Locality-X Locality-XL Locality-XII Locality"XlIJ (a) Khajanchi (Kotwali Kotwali (a) Arya Chilgart Kachehri Depot Civif lint's Shahced Smark Moballa East) West Samaj .Addu _ Bazar (b) Chander (b) Gurdwara Marg "------_.__ 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 ~ 3 2 4 2 1 - 3 1 J ...... - ~ 9 4 4 1 1 1 - -ok 2 2 1 7 2 2 1 6 3 3 1 3 1 1 2 - ~ 1 1 4 5 1 2 13 3 1 1 ----=------ 2 -, 3 t ) 2 1 1 2 Z 1 - 4 5 5 7 2 % 3 2 3 3 2 2 J 2 L .- 4 4 2 2 - 4 2 3 1 2 2 4 1 2 5 1 1 1 2 1 ~<'Rt.... -"),~, ....>; ~, 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 23 43 26 28 3S 20 15 26 34 92-M/s120 DCOHP-12 157 APPEND! Ty pe of Occupation. Mode of rrm , Transport to place of work and tirr By Bus On foot By Car Type of Occupation ______....._ r------"- r--_.---A.. 30 31 1 More 30 31 1 More 30 31 1 More Minutes Minutes Hour than Minutes Minutes Hour than Minutes Minutes Hour than or less 1 hour It hours Hhrs. or less 1 hour It hours I! hrs. or less I hour Hhours a hr: 1 2 3 4 5 6 '7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. Unskilled manual . 39 3 1 2. Skilled manual 4 41 3. LoweSt Professional & administrative (e.g. Primary tea: chers)_ ., • 10 4 44 3 4. Small Business 66 5. Highly... skilled and Supervisory -manual ., 1 4 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants · 1 22 7. Intermediate Pro- fessional and related posts (Secondary teachers) etc. . 7 4 47 2 '1 8. Medium Business 20 9. Highly Professional and Salaried posts 2 33 2 10. Cultivators • 49 11. Unclassified • • 11 Total 22 12 376 8 2 2 SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986·87. .... 158 TABLE-1.2 port to place 0/ work alld Tillie taken to Reach taken to reach ------.------~------~------.-.., By Jeep By Motor Cycle/Scooter By Truck r------...A..- -, r------______.A..------, r------..A.------, 30 31' J More 30 31 I More 30 31 1 More Minutes Minutes Hour than Minutes Minutes Hour than Minutes Minu[es Hour than or le,s 1 hour J ~ hours I t hours or less J hour \ t hours I~· hrs. or less I hom I! hours I ~ hours ------_ 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 - -.------~------ 1 2 2 - --_ 1 2 2 9 !l2·M/S120DCOHP-12(a) 159 ApPBNDIX Type 0/ Occupation and Employment status 0/ Number: Employment Nature of Establishment of Occupation workers Employer r·----- _----A..______-. Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 Slate mine owner -; 3 1. Un-Skilled manual 3 3 state mining & quarrying , 12 L!l.bourers Slate Supplier . 1 Mule Transporter in Bhagsu area Daily wage Labourer 3 LiveStock 3 Lanauase"I)epartment 1 Tibetan Society 1 Postal Service • Servant ill T~ Shop • 1 Labour work • 1 Tibetan Hotel • 1 Parkash Carpet workers 1 State Govt. service in HPPWD. 2 Gardener 1 To attend"the domestic duties 4 Binding s.!)rvice in ~~Press _. 1 State Govt. service • 1 2. Skilled manual (Fitter in l.P.H.) Carpet weaving centre :. -6 Defence ~ice Household Industry • 2 Panche Weaving 'tibetan Society 6 Carpenter within town 2 Working in foot-path '"2 (Shoe making) Educational Service in T.C.V. School • 2 Embroidery within House Pvt. Business/Tailoring shop 9 1 Mechanic of sewing machine H.P. Tourism services 1 Waiter in Raghubir Singh club 1 Sbarma Studio 1 Medical services (Distt. Hospital) 1 Barbersbop 1 Raman Pharmaceuticals factory • 1 Semi defence service • 1 (T~hnician in SSB) Pvt. knitting of sweater 1 State service HPPWD office 2 Pbotographerat Bus Stand -I Stamp making and Sate 1 Repairing of stove • 1 Drlvet in Govt. Office 1 Tibc!tan Society 1 3. Lowest Professional & Dental Chemist 1 administrative (primary Defence Service 2 teacher) CivllDispensary in M. ORl\i S "'160 TABLE-I3 Workers by S~x alld Nature a/Establishment Status -----'~ Employee Single Worker Family Worker Cultivators .---.A.__ ---, .---__.A.,,---,._, r------..A.- ----""""I p M F P M F P M F P M F 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 12 ApPENDIX Type of Occupation and Employment status of Employment Nature of-Establishment Number Occupation r----- of Employer workers r--- _--"------. Person., Males Females 1· 2 3 4 5 6 Gardener cantonment area 3. Lowest professional and administra tive (Primary teacher) HP Home Guard Service Peon in S.P. Office 1 Educational Service T.C.Y. School 2 Central Govt. Station HQ. area,. 2 Govt. Primary School teacher 17 Carpet weaving Co-op. Society 1 Telephone Exchange 2 I.T.T. for women 1 Gardener T.C.Y. J Chowkidar in Raghubir Singh club 1 Work Inspector in HPPWD 2 Kapil Medical company 1 D.C. Office, Dharmsala 3 Govt. Nursery Middle School Orderly in Session Court . Pvt. Practice Petition writer in TjOffice Peon in HRTC Kangra Constable H.P. Police Stn. 4 Swee'per in Jail & Gov!. office 3 Library Assistant in Govt. College 2 Hotel Tourism Development Corp., Dharm- sala -- 1 Tea Shopkeeper 9 4. Small Business , t Tibetan Society r poultry farm . Karyana Shop . 'U Business of rags in the town 2 Hawker. 3 General Shop . 2 Milk Selling -. Old Book stall 2 Restaurant owner 6 2 2 Owner of slate mines 1 Reaoymade garment shop . 2 Watch repair shop '. 3 Modern Medical store and T.V. Show Room 1 Jewellery shop. 1 Wool and readymade 2 1 Garments shop Shoes seller . - ] Coal- metchants Selling of Stamp paper Crockery tent House Cloth Trader . Haroware and Paints shop • 2 Pvt. Practice of (Doctor) . 1 Livestock 2 <;o-ope.rative 5.ociety D. Sala 1 lti2 TABLE-I 3 -contd. Workers by Sex and nature uf Establishment Status EmploYj::e Single Worker Family Workers Cultivators r-.!!-_---"------"') ,------"------, ,------,------, r-----"------. P M F P M F P M F P M F 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ApPENDIX Type ojbccltpation and Employment status oj Employment Nature .Df Esta blishment Number Occupation ,------_._------of , __• ____Employer.A.. _____ -----, workers Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 Private Transporter 3 Halwai Shop . 4 Stationery shop 2 Shanker Dhaba 3 Vegetable Shop 2 Confectionery shop owm'r 2 Medicine Agent/Representative 1 Instructor cum Incharge 1 5. Highly skilled and Super- Technical supervisor in Snow View Transport 1 visory manual Govt. Training Centre 1 Telephone Office Kamal-Ohee Store . 2 6. ClelOk's and Shop Assistant. Sale Depot -i Canara Bank Dharmsala r Clerks in PWD Clerk'sin I.P.H. 1 Tibetan 'Society 1 H.P. State E.B., Office 2 D.C. Office D. Sala . 2 Police Service . ~2 HPPWD Chief Engineer Office "2 H.P. crovt. BDO Office 1 Tehsil f.reasury OffiCe T Manager in Pvt. Petrol Pump 1 Teiephene Exchange 1 Clerk-in PNB . Munshi of Advocate Clerk-in Central Force 1 KangFa Co-operative Bank . 1 Govt... Multipurpose School, Bhagsu • 1 7. Intermediate PrOfessional T.C.v.-schooJ . 6 and-related posts (secon- Post Office 3 dary-teacher etc.) Tibetan Secretariat- • 2 Department of State (NSSO) Tibetan Children ~illage School 1 D.C.·Office Dharmsala 3 Punjab National Bank 4 Govt. Girls Hr. Sec. School 4 Govt. High School 4 HPPWD Chief office 4 Food & Supply Deptt. 2 Public 'School • 1 Govt. R.C.C. College 1 Hockey Coach in GHS., D. S~la _' 1 Teacher Music in Central School ~2 District Hospital Dharmsala 2 Cficket Coach in Reg. Coachma..Centre 1 Govt. Service (Asstt: in "Colreg;) - 1 H.R.T.C., D.M. OffiCe 1 Inspector H.P. Police Stn. 3 1(1:t,( ApPENDIX Type of Occ!/potioll and Employment statlls of Iw,rkers by Employment Nature of Establishment Number Occupation of .- ___Employer.A.. workers Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 Govt. Middle School 7. Intermediate professional and related posls (secondary Govt. Senie>T Sec. School Dharmsala. 2 teachers etC.) - Panama Cigarette Agency 1 Municipal Committee 1 Civil Hospital Dharmsala 9 Kangra Cent;al Bank Asstt. in Settlement Deptt. H.P. Govt. Service J.E. 2 H.P. Horticulture Deptt. 1 Forest Office 3 Chairman in Pvt. Transport I 8. Medium Business Sale of Ornaments & imitations . 3 Ayurvedic Medicine Shop 1 Cloth Shop 6 General Merchant -. 2 Cement Supplier Kasturi Lal & Sons Jewellary Shop Tibetan Society 9. Hig?ly Professi~llal and Health Department 3 sall!.ried posts Tibetan Secretariate . 1 0/0 the Auditor General 2 Tibetan Secretariate 0/0 the Home Affairs Tibetan Centre. 1 Tibetan C.Y. School. 1 Board of-School Education 3 Bank of Baroda Dharmsala 1 Forest service in HP Govt. 4 Kan~a Co-operative Bank 1 Sec. Officer in Edu. Board . .r' L.I.C. Office 1 Ayurvedic Yaid 1 Telephone Office Chartered Accountant HPPWD MBBS Pvt. Doctors . 8 Professor in Govt. S;ollege . 2 Mgr. in Central Co-op. Bank 1 Editor of Himachal Today Govt. College Dh!rmsala Agriculture 48 10. Cultivator Advocate in Disst.Court 7 11. Unglassified Land Lord & Orchardist . _1 1 Road, Bridge &, Building Const. 2 Prlntiiig works - - _2 Running Public CatTier i~ _1 Social worker and Member of M.C. ~) Nehru Yuvak Kendra 1 No. of establishment 1 _ Total 434 12 12 SoUIilCE : Household Survey dat~,.l986-87. 1.66 TABLE-13-concld. Sex alld Natu,.e of Establishment Status Employee- Single Worker Family Workers Cultivators r------~------~ r------~----___. r------~----~ r------~------. p M F P M F P M F P M F 1~ 3 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 4 4 1 ApPENDIX Number o/Noll-workers seeking Employment by Broad N limber of non-workers seeking employment by tho 0-14 15-24 r------"""----, ,----A----, M F P M F 6 7 8 9 10 7 5 2 2 2 23 11 12 32 16 16 ApPENDIX Number ofPerSO/lS S.eekillg Employment for the First - Number of persons seeking Employment for the Age Group Total Number Hliterate Education without any Below Primary level ,--___..A., .A.___ -, r:::----..A.,__, _... P M F P M --r p M F P M F 1_ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ------_- 0-14 1S-;i9 10 6 4 2()""""24 22- 10 12 25-19 ~ 3 6 30-34 t 1 -_ 35 and above - ~- Total "42 19 23 SOPlca-: Hou~hold SutVey-dala. 1986-S7. TABLE-14 Age-Group. Sex and Na/llre (If Actil'it) ag l-;rou,) and ~ex 25-34 , ____35-49.A., ____ , 50-59 60 + above ,---~------.. ,------'-----. ,-----,-"----'-. P M F P M F P M F P M F ------,------11 12 13 \5 16 17 18 19 20 21 3 3 1 7 3 4 1 11 4 7 2 TABLE-IS Time by Age. Sex and Educational Level first time who arc Hr. Sec./ Non-Technical Technical Degree Pre-Uni- diploma not Diploma and versity equal to no,taequal above Primary Middle degree , __.A. __---. , __.A. __-. Matric and Inter , __.A. ___-. to egree ,__...____, r--..A..--. r----.A..--. r--_.A.---, p M F P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F ---- 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2.5 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 3 2 _l 4 3 1 1 2 7 - 4 ·3 -4 -3 1 1 1 8 1 'f 4 3 1 -1 4 1 3 'i. 3 2 • 1 7 : 8 6 2 2 14 2 169 ApPENDIX TABLf..16 Number of Pel'SOllS seeking Employment for the First Time by Sex, Edllr.ational Level .md Type of Employment SOl/gi,t Number of persons seeking employment.A. for______the first time whose educatiol1allevc!_ arc Type of Employment Sought Illiterate ,---Educatiop___ withol.t A.. _____ level ., ,-..__ Below,___ .A.. Primary _____ -, I_~ ___.A.. __---. P M F P M F p M F 2 3 4 5 7 9 ------..,.------1. Driving Job 2. Clerical Job , 3. Montes~ary lob 4. Teaching Job 5. Teaching, Clerical and Banking Job 6. Mechanical Job 7. Technical Operator and Clerical Job 8. ElcctrOllic Government Jo b 9. Junior Engineer 10. Army Type of Government Job . Total ApPENDIX TADLE-}'? N:t:nber of Persons sec1dllg Employment by 4.ge, Sex, EdilcaliOilalleve! {I/ld Regi.lll"Utioll willi Emp;oymelll cxdl,mf[c Educational Level Seeking employment and reghtered \\ ith Seeking employment and not registered with employme!lt Exchange employment Exchange .- . ______.A. -,. r------~------_____. Age-group Age-group - .A. ______-:'\ , .. 15--24 25-34 35 Upto 14 15-·24 25-34 35 Upto 14 r--.A._-., r---A.--.. ,--"---, '---"--'I r---A.--. r----A. ---, , -"- - -.. r-....A.---.. M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 10 11 12 1'3 14 15 16 17 --- 1. Illiterate 2. Educatioll without level 3. Bt:low Pril11lry 4. Primary 2 S. Middle 1 6. M:llric & Equivalent 5 4 3 7. Hr. SecondarylPre-~tJniver- sity and Intermediate 6 2 8. Non-Technical diploma not equ'al to degree 9. Technical diplolTI:t not equal to degree 1 10. Degree and above 8 2 4 Total 12 15 3 7 4 2 SoURCE : Household SurveY data, 1986-87. 171 ApPI!NDlX TABLE-i8 Number ofPersons seeking Employment by Educational level, Sex and Marital statu.~ NUilloor of persons seeking employment whose maritahstatus is Educatiol1allevel r-----. ------~ Unmarried Married Widowed Separated Divorced Unspecified ,--__.A.--,. r-----'---., r---..A·-----, r---..A.-----, r----.A.-----, r----"-----, P M F PM FP M F P 1\1 F PM F P M F 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 IG 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 _-_._------(a) Seeking em- ployment for the first time 1. Illiterate 2. Literate with- out educational level 3. Below Primary 4. Primary 3 2 5. Middle 1 J - 6. Matric 12 7 5 2 2 7. Hr. Sec., Pre- Ubiversity and Intermc- diate 8 6 2 8. Non-Technical diploma with- out degree . 9. Technical dip- loma without degree 2 2 10. Degree and above 10 2 8 4 4 - (b) Seckingein ployment ~ut have preVIous employment background 1. Illiterate 2 Literate with- . out educational level 3. Below Primary - 4. Primary 5. Middle 2 1 6. Matric 7. Hr. ~., Pre University and Intermediate 8 Non-Technical . diploma with out 'degree 9 Technical Dip' 'Ioma without degree 10. Degree and 2 2 above 7 Total 36 19 17 11 S Some! : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 172 APPBNDIX TADLIl-19 Eating HOlIs('s (with lodging facilities), Tea stalls and Sweet meat shops Type Location and Average No. Specialities of the Remarks Number of customers Establishment if any per day 2 3 4 5 1. Kashmiri Dhaba Kotwali Bazar, Near 50-60 No speciality M. C. Office 2. Vaishnav Dhaba K. B. Dharmsala 80-90 Veg. food Popular for Veg. food whichi\ available throughout except late hours in the midnight. Customers 3. Dhaba . Kachehri Adda 60-65 Best pr~paration can take vegetarian and non veg. food every time. Meat available except on Tuesday. 4. Dhaba . Kachehri Adda 30-35 No 5. Restaurant C. B. Road 40-50 Non. Yeg. food Popular for non vegetarian food 6. Restaurant M. Ganj 40-50 Non-vegetarian food Chinese dish. Famous for Mo Mo etc. 7. Tea Stall K. B. Dharmsala 100-150 Speciality in Tea preparation Popular for tea and snacks Tikki-Samosa also 8. Tea Stall K. B. Dharmsala 70-80 No. No. 9. Sweet Shop K. B. Dharm<;ah 50-90 Speciality in Jal~bi Popular for Jalebi. 10. Restaurant M. Ganj 30-40 Speciality in Mo-Mo, Tibetan de- Famous by name as Green Hotel. Hcious and Indian food 11. Tea Stall Porsythganj 50-60 Sp~ciality in tea only 12. Dhaba . Mcleoadgan,i 20-30 Speciality in Non-Veg. 13. Tea Stall Gurdwara Road 40-50 Speciality in tea preparation 14. Sweet Shop Kachehri Adda 60-70 Speciality in Sweets '-.;------No. of rooms Rent per room/bed Average No. of Hotl'ls Location and Name and beds per days customers per day Remarks 1. Hotel K.B. Road, 21 (35 beds) Doubl~ R~. 18h 25/- per room 30 per day Furnished rooms. Flush Near S. B I. Single Rs. 10/-, 12/- per room latrine, Cold water, Bedding available, Fan Tea facilities only. 2. H:)tel Situated 0;'1 Ghal1- 15 (33 b;ds) Rs. 9/-, 18/-. 25/- per room 20 per day Bathroom, Fan, Chairs & yara Road Tables. 3. Hotel Hotel, Cantt. ROflCl, 23 (24 beds) Rs. SO/-per day, 251-per Bed 60 per day Bathroom, Hot water, Dharmsala. Cold water, Fan, Blankets Quilts, Heaters, Food, facilities and T.Y. faCi lities elc. 4. Hotel Kotwali Bazlfr :.., ~~"v,~ W~~~- \. Conference Hall Rs. 300 p. day 1 Telephone facilities, T.V. 6O+lhrce dormi- 2. Deluxe Room Rs. 250 p. room 6 Hot & Cold Water facility tories 70% 3. Semi-Deluxe Rs. l15/-do- 6 Annual Foodfacility. Tea & Coffee Bar (Drinks facility' 4. Ordinary room Rs. 125/- -do 670 % Fan facility, Rcstauran S. -do- Rs. 100/- -do- 3 occupancy. facility. 6. Dormitory. Rs. 20 per head. 3 5. Hotel \i. Ganj 19 (37) Single 10/- 20 per day. Common Bathroom, Cold Double Rs. 15/-, 18/-. water, Restaurant facility. SOURCE: Field survey data, 1986-87. 92-L/SI20DCOHP-] 3 Alcohol i.e. liquor efc. SfJnps (lIId Eftahlishn;rnts Type Location Average No. Rules iJnd arrangement for R<.marks (inc-Iuding whether and of customers i~s\lc of Ikencc specially associated with any parti Number pcr day cular religion, caste and c(lmmu nity, approximate sale per day "-' 2 4 5 English Win\) Shop. L-2 1. Kotwali Bazar near Raja 200 Customers Rs. 4,000/- pcr day Raghubir Sing~ Club. 2. M. Ganj Auction by Excise and 3. Civil Lines Taxation Department 4. Shyam Nagar 5. Sidh Bari Country Liqw)r L-14 I. Kotwali Bazar 150 Customers As above Rs. 1,00Of-toRs.l,400; per day 2. Civil Lines 3. Forsythganj 4. Dari Bazar SOURCE: Field Survey cbta, 1986-87, ApPENDIX T ABLE-21 Trade and Commerce Level Type of establish- Area where mainly Approximate Approximate volume of trad'! Religions, Remarks in- (Distribution agen ment in broad cate- concentrated number as estimated from sales Tax./ linguistic caste eluding average cies, Whole sale/ gories with ref- _income tax records and incon group mainly numb:!rofper Retail) erence to com modi'=' sultation with merchantsasso associated with som engaged ties dcait with ciation other knowledgeable the' trade or sources commerce 2 3 ._--- 4 5 6 7 1. General Purchase in Rs. Sale ill Rs. (i) Whole sale Food Grains Gurdwara Road One 18,00,000 20,00,000 Sikh 3 K.B. (ii) Retail Vegetable K.B., M. Gan{and 26 90,000 1,05,000 No particular 2 Estimation of Civil Lines caste purchase and sale in respcc" orone shop ~.. ~ (iii) Retail Fish, me!'.t and eggs 8 2,92,000 3,30,000 No particular 1 DoJ caste (iv) Retail ~Di . (v) Retail Bread & Biscuits etc. K. B. Dharmsala 9 1,90,000 1,60,000 Do- 2 (vi) Retail Karyana and others K. B. Dharmsala 53 6,00,000 7,50,000 No particular 2 caste (vii) Others 171 ApPENlJlX TABLE-21-contd. Trade and. Commerce Level Type of estRh!ish Area where mainly Approximate ApprOldmate volume of trade Religions, R.emarks in- (Distribution ment in broad concentrated numb!r as estimated from sales TaX/linguistic caste eluding avera~e agencies, Whole categories with income tax records and in- group mainly number of sale/Retail) reference to consultation with merchants associated with persons commodities association oth~I; know- the. trade or engaged dealt with ledgeable sources commerce 2 4 5 6 7 2. Cloth (i) Miscellaneous Textile K. B. Dharmsala 27 3,50,000 4,50,000 Mahajan 2 Retail (ii) Readymade Gar- Ready made Gar- Gurdwara Road 8 20,000 18,000 No particular ments. Retail ments caste - (iii) Tailoring Embroidery & Gurdwara Road 32 84,000 1,69,000 No particular 5 tailoring caste (iv) Others. Retailor Carpets and Cur- Gurdwara Road 7 1,20,000 84,000 00- tains etc. 3. Construction (i) Building mater- Building con~- Scattered 5 2,50,000 3,00:) Agg:l.rwal 2 ials. Retail truotion material (ii) RetqiJ Water sl.Ipplyand K. B. Dharmsala 3 3,50,000 4,70,000 .No particular 3 sanitary caste (iii) Others Paint and Hard Scattered, Dharm- 10 4,40,000 5,49,00) No particular 3 ware sala caste 4. Household goods [i) Utensils Retail Metallic utemils Scattered 20 1,50,O:X) 1,92,030 No particular 3 and other wares caste (ii) Pots Earthen pots Gurdwara Road 2 6,000 8,500 Kumhar 1 (iii) Crockery Glass and Croc- Scattered 8 20,000 23,000 Arora 2 kery [iv) Furniture Fui'niture Shop Civil Lines 3 70,000 1,15,000 Dhiman 2 (v) Metal Sheet Metal shop Civil Lines 3 45,000 35;000 Dhiman 1 vi) Plastic and Rub- Plastic goods seI- K.B. D. Sala 16 60,000 75-,000 Khatri 2 ber goods ler (vii) Ornaments, Gold and Silver K.B.D.Sala 6 50,000 70,000 Zaura Jewellery and ornaments 2 goldsmith :viii) Others ;. Other cOllsumer goods :i) Items of general General Merchants Scattered 46 1,25,000 2,00,000 Arora Sikll 2 merchandise e.g. stationery, umbrella, but- tons, cosme- tics etc. Ii) Sl;loes Shoe-maker and Scat$ered 14 50,000 64,000 Chamar 2 seller ./ liD Others 175 2-L/S120DCO-13(a) ApPENDIX T ADLE-21-concld. Trade lind Co;nmerce Level Typ~ of establish Area where mainly Approximate Approxinl1te volume of trade R::ligions. Remlrk5 in (Distribution ment in broad concentrated number as estimated fronl ~ales T~I linguistic caFte cluding agencies, categories with income tax records ano iIJ- group mainly average Whole salel reference to consultation with merchants assccialed number of Retail) commodities association other knowledge- with th~ trade persons dealt with able SOurces or comm~rc.:: engaged ------2 3 4 5 6 7 6. Medical Medical store Scattered 9 J,66,000 1,90,000 No'particular caste 7. Edltcational (i) Books and Publi- Books and sta- Depot Bazar 7 85,000 8D,090 Khanna 2 cations tionery (ii) Others Book Binding Scattered 10 3,600 7,20;) No particular caste 8. Recreation and Hobby (i) Light refersh- Pan-Biri-Cigarcttes Scattered 30 14,000 13,000 No particular ments like pan, caste biri & cigarettes (ii) Sports goods Sports goods shop Scattered 12 40,0)0 35,OJJ Sood 2 1!hops (iii) Photographers Radio & T.V.- Sale Scattered 10 9),0~» 63,269 No particular 3 and photo ma- and services caste teria Is (iv) 0thers 9. Transport (i) Cycles and repairs (ii) Automobiles Motorcycle & Scattered 8 60,003 50,003 No particular 2 parts and re- Scooters spare caste pairs parts and repairs (iii) Petrol pumps Petrol and Die'lel Kac!1e!lri add3. 2 61,03) 6'),OJ) Ahluwalia 3 and other oils Pump (1 Govt.) (iv) Others 10. Tools equipmcllts, electric goods and machinel:!' (i) Agricultural Tools and Iron Scatter.:- j 2 3,08,00) 3,07,000 Sharma 3 tool and imple- agriculture imple- ments ments sale ,- (ii) Items of a parti. No shop was sur- cular trade, e.g. veyed air conditioning and refrigera- tion (iii) W!ltches and re- W;;ttch sale & re- Scattered 8 30,000 29,000 No particular paIrs paIr caste (iv) Others 11. Other (specify by broad headings) (i) Hair dressing Hair dressing Gurdwara Road 23 700 Nai saloons -- (ii) Washing, dying Drycl~ning Scattered 14 Income Chhimba 2 and dry Rs.23,000 per annum (iii) Others ~OURCE : Field Surve~ data, 1986-87. 17(i ApPENDIX tA8tE-22 Factories, Industrial Establishmellts ofDijferellf Size Size Type with reference Location With power Without Approximate Approximate Year of (Large! to the power number of output during Establish- Medium! main product workers 1986 in Rs. ment Small) ----- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 SMALL SCALE 1. Ice Cream Factory Cinema Road Yes TWo 48,000 1982 Ice creams candy) 2. A utomobile Engineering Depot Bazar Yes Two 75,000 1982 Works (Repairs) 3. Block Maker Kotwali Bazar Yes Thrce 3,62,000 1982 4. Electrical Works Civil Lines Bazar Yes One 12,000 1974 5. Welding Works Kotwali Bazar Yes Two 88,00() 1983 6. Sealing Wax & Stamp Depot Bazar Yes Onc 46,800 1984 Pads Industries 7. Candle Udyog 43, Civil Lines Yes Oac 20,000 1983 8. Furniture Industry Gurdwara Road Yes Two 90,OOU 1984 9. Associate (Repair of College Road Yes Three 15.000 1984 Scooters etc.) 10. Tyre Retreading 708, Bhardwaj Marg Yes Two 40,000 1984 11. Trunk Hause Cantt. Road Yes Two 1,30,000 1979 12. Radios Bus Stand Yes Two 45,OO() 1979 13. Electronic lndustries Kotwali Bazar Yes Nine 7.69.000 1984 14. Printing Press Kachehri Addu Yes Six 2,50,000 1979 15. Handloom Shawls Indus- Kotwali Bazar Yes Five 1,80,000 1985 try 16. Furniture Industry Gurdwara Road Yes Nine 50,000 1980 17. Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd. Chilgari Yes Nine 30,000 1985 18. Bakery Cinema Road Yes Two 18,000 1980 19. Bakery Depot BaZar Yes Two 22,000 1983 20. Stationery Works Kotwali Bazar Yes Two 1,22,000 1986 21. I'rinters Near Fire Brigade Yes Seven 2,25,000 1981 Office 22. Carpets Gurdwara Road Yes Six 20,0:)0 1936 23. Carpets Civil Bazar Yes Twenty Three 82,000 1981 24. Steel Products Gurdwara Road Yes Five 1,14,400 1,/)86 25. Hosiery Products Gurdwara Road Yes One 1,58,000 1986 26. T.V. & Radio Repair Kotwali Bazar Yes Two 20,000 1982 Centre 27. Grinding of Spices etc. Civil Lines Yes One 3,36,000 1986 28. Welding & Eng. Works Depot Bazar Yes Two 70,000 19tH 29. Furniture Udyo~ Civil Lines Yes Three 1,10,000 1986 30. R~dio Electronics Gurdwara R~ad Yes Two 24,000 1981 31. Handlooms Cinema Road Yes Four 56,700 1982 32. Furniture House & Mills Civil Lines Yes Four 10,000 1986 33. Stationers & Binders Khaniyara Road Yes Two 26,000 1982 34. Shoe Makers Cantt. Road Yes Two 16,000 1982 35. Printing Press Depot Bazar Yes Five 2,00,000 1972 36. Printing Press Old Chari Road Yes Six 2,50,000 1973 37. Automobiles Works Civil Lines Yes Two 90,000 1975 38. Furniture Industries Chari Road Yes Two 36,000 1976 39. Furniture House Chari R6ad Yes Two 32,000 1976 40, Printers Gurdwara Road Yes Five 1,50,000 1974 41. Plastic Contafuers Kotwali Bazar Yes Seven 2,75,Oro 1986 42- Printing Press Gurdwara Road Yes Six 2,50,000 1978 43_ Printing & Prakashan Kotwali Bazar Yes Seven 3,00,000 1976 SoURCE: Field Survey data, 1986-87. J77 jtPPENDlX T ABLB-23 Manpower Engaged in Agricultural Operations by Locality and size of Holdillgs No. of Number of households where agri Households cultural operations a re carried on by Locality Size of holding (in he;::tares) p::>ssessing r------.A.------~___. land Family Family Hired Remarks worker workers workers alone and alone hired workers 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dharmkot, Naddi Below 0.50 Hec. 17 14 0.50-0.99 4 4 1.00-1.99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above 2. Forsythganj. Bhagsunag . Below-O.50 5 5 0.50-0.99 1 1 1.00-1.99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 1 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above 3. Mcieodganj. Gamroo Below-O.50 4 3 0.50-0.99 1.00-1.99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 10.(,)0-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above 4. Sangam l'ark Below-0.50 0.50-0.99 1.00-1.99 2 :-00-::::-2 •99 3.00-f99 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40,00-49.99 _-- 50.00 and above -- 178 ApPENDIX 1 ABLE-23-cOrttd. Manpower Engaged ill Agricultural Operations by Locality and size of Holdings No. of Number of households where agricul Households tural operations are carried on by Locality - Size of holding (in hectares) possessing . _~_.A. _____-, land Family Family Hired Remarks worker workers workers alone and alone hired workers 2 3 4 5 6 7 5. Khajanchi Mohalla, Chander Marg 1 0.50-0.99 1 1.0a-1.99 2.00-1.99 3.00-3.99 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.0a-49.99 60.00 and above 6. Kat wali east • • Below 0.50 2 2 1. Oa-l. 99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00.-::29.99 30.0a-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above 7. Kotwali west. Below.0.50 2 2 0.50-0.99 1.00'-:1.99 2.00-·2.99 3.0)-3.99 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00·-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above 8. Arya Samaj & Gurdwara Below 0.50 1 0.5a-D.99 LOO-1.99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 ----::".... 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above 179 .~PI!NDIX T ABLE-23-contd. Manpower Engaged in Agricultural Operations by Locality and size of Holdings No. of Number of households where agricul Households tural operatiom are carried on by r- .A. ______--, Locolity Size of holding (in hectares) possessing land Family P,t,I11i1y Hired Relmrks worker workers workers alone and alone hired workers 2 3 4 5 6 7 9. Chilgari Below 0.50 0.50-0.99 1.00-1.99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 4.00-4.99 5.00-7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above 10. Kachehri Below 0.50 1 0.50-0.99 1.00-1.99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 4.00-4.99 5.00--7.49 7.50-9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and' above 11. Depot Bazar Below 0.50 0.50-0.99 1.00-1.99 2.00-2.99 3.00-3.99 4.00-4.99 _~.OO-7.49 7.50:..'9.99 10.00-19.99 20.00-29.99 30.00-39.99 40.00-49.99 50.00 and above SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986·87. i81 ApPENDlX Particulars No. of (!epo,itors Type of Bank Number ____ .A-__ .--- Others Fixed Sa\'ing Current .-___.A- ___--, .-__.A- __-----, .-_____A_-;:"' __~ , __.A. ___ -., Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------ 1. Punjab National Bank 31-12-86 2 FDR 2,706 45,456 10,946 22,203 161 3,393 34 424 RD 1,716 1,710 2. State Bank ofIndia 31-12-86 . 2 3,834 45,164 10,618 47,293 445 7,874 Nii Nil 3. Stale Bank of Patiala 31-12-86 1,082 268.16 2,352 103. 11 91 61.10 Nil Nil Lacs Lacs Lacs 4. Allahabad Bank 31:12-86 - 1 290 20,49,193.53 801 9,89,816.46 17 208.036.59 RD 120 157,950.00 Others 590,489.93 5. U. C. O. Bank 31-12-86 -. 1 759 33,435 1,469 15,773 81 1,278 RD 492 5,226 6. Canam Bank Dcposlts Rs. 55.61 lFDR 53 5.83 964 15.56 45 1.41 17 0.73 Lacks 31-12-86 KDR 332 28.65 Lacs Lac Lac RD 310 3.16 Sec. 6 6.27 37.91 Lacs 7. Bank of-India 31-12-86 . 709 6,874 1,347 4,481 32 718 8. The Kangra Central Co-operative 1,551 ]1,590.597 5,525 6,761,045 110 220,191 100 689,067 Bank na. 31-12-8'6 _Sluff T-IC Rs. 3,345.73 -Rs.l.061.43 SOURCE : L~d Bank Officer, Dharmsala. /' ApPENDIX Distributi~1 of Households iind Population by locality, Religioll alld Sex (Ill case of Households, Religion of Religion and sex .- .A- ---, Ward/Locality Hindu Muslim .- ---, .- ----, Households Male Female Households Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Dharmkot, Naddi. • 25 69 60 2. (a) Forsythganj (b) Bhagsunag 14 32 46 3. (a) Mcleoadganj (b) Gamroo . 11 26 38 4. Sangam Park. 13 25 22 5. (a) Khajanchi Mohalla -(b) Chander Marg . 14 33 40 6. Kotwali East 22 65 59 7. Kotwali West 23 48 54 8. (a) Aryasmaj - (b) Gurdwara 17 28 37 9. Chilgari 20 53 46 3 11 -- 29 39 10. Kachehri ]1. Depot Bazar . 10 29 16- 12. Civil Lines -- '20 44 36 13. Shabeed Smark 22 53 44 222 534 537 1 1 3 SOURCE: Household Survey data. 1986-87. 1"82 Tran ;action during the Year Government Agr. Production Ihuustrial Production OthclS 1986 securities , ____ A _____-; .--_--,_..A..____ ~ .------"----. -; , ..A -; " Discounted Loans and Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount J:\l,n,l;cr Arr:ount purchased advance" ------11 J2 13 14 15 16 J7 J8 19 20 ------O/lrel' (llves/ Other Bank 8 64 No. Amount 17 2,301 DO Pllrcha~e 449 1,425 87 2,869 22R 1,9~9 & Discount outstanding on 31-12-86 No. 6002 75,863 20,875 23.45 Lac 17.35 Lac Nil 0.16 Lac 15 96 Lac 25 86853.59 14 220778.80 125 811542.59 2,131 65 1,508 2.50 116_ 9.67 35 0.90 3 1.03 138 g.64 Lae~ Lacs Lacs Lacs Lacs 8 3,869 129 353 3,387 105 64,41,407 TABLE-25 the head 0/ household will pe cDllsiaered /0 be Religioll of the Household) Religion and sex ..A.. ----. Buddhist Sikh Total , , r-- Households Male Female Households Male Female Households Male Female 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2 4 26 71 64 14 25 25 1 29 58 71 8 13 15 19 39 53 7 15 12 20 40 34 14 33 40 1 3 23 66- 62 23 48 -- 54 4 13 10 21 41 47 :: 21 54 49 11 29 39 10 29 16 2 2 21 46 38 22 53 44 30 5S 56 7 17 15 260 607 - 611 183 ApPENDIX kllUlvledgc of Subsidiary Language Mother Tongue Total speakers by mother Subsidiary Lant',uage Average Educational score tongue ,-__------A. ,- --.~ .. ------, Total Male Female Hindi ,- -, T M F T M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gaddi' 84 41 43 72 36 36 0.93 1.22 0.64 Kangri 461 234 227 258 127 131 1.50 1.56 1.44 Tibetan 97 47 50 31 18 13 0.87 0.89 0.85 Punjabi 187 82 105 80 29 51 1. 38 1.45 1.33 Hindi 180 94 86 Dogri 15 6 9 6 3 3 0.83 1.00 0.67 Kashmiri 3 1, 2 1 2.00 2.00 60rkhali 57 30 27 35 16 19 1.40 1.50 1.32 Chambyali 11 6 5 Mandyali 13 7 6 8 2 6 1.25 1.00 1.33 Bengali NOTE; Population of age·group 0-4 not included in this table. ApPENDIX Knowledge of Subsidiary Lallguage Mother Tongue Subsidiary Language Average Educational Subsidiary Language Average Educational /' score seore ~ r-.------~------, ,-'------_j~------~ Pahari/Urdu/English Punjabi/Dogri r-.------~------, r-,------A.------.----~ T M F T M F T M F T M F --.---- ______.....2;,._ 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Gaddi Kangri 4 2 2 1.50 2.00 1.00 Tibetan. Punjabi. 1 2.00 2.00 Hindi 6 3 3 1.67 2.00 1. 33 19 8 11 1.68 1.75 1.64 Dogri -_ Kashmiri Gorkhali Chambyali , Mandyali Bengali . SOURCE : Household Survey di -1~4 TABLE-26 And average Educational Score Subsidiary Language Average Educatiol)al score Subsidiary Language Average Educational score .A.. English Hindi/English I T M F T M F T M F T M F - __- 11 1-2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2 2 3.00 3.00 4 2 2 2.50 3.00 2.00 175 99 76 3.27 3.21 3.34 ]0 4 6 1.50 1.50 1.50 41 18 23 2.61 3.06 2.26 12 4 8 2.58 2.75 2.50 86 46 40 3.36 3.43 3.28 68 37 31 3.87 3.95 3.77 8 3 5 4.13 5.00 3.60 2 4.00 5.00 3.00 2 2.50 2.00 3.00 20 ]3 7 3.05 3.31 2.57 10 5 5 3.80 4.00 3.60 5 5 3.20 3.20 185 ApPENDIX Mother Tongue and Subsidiary Lallguages of Members of Households Number of speaking subsidiary languages with reTerence to duration of stay in present residence Mother 'fongue 0-4 5-9 ,- .A. '"""""'I Hindi English Pahari Hindi/ Punjabi/ Hindi English Pahari Hindi/ Punjabi/ English! English English/ English Dogri Punjabi/ Hindi/ Nepali Urduj Urduj Nepali/ Swissj Swiss/ German German ------.--~------_ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ------Kangri 43 21 56 41 Gaddi 3 12 Tibetan 4 3 7 4 2 14 Punjabi 12 Ii 15 12 Hindi 9 3 15 2 4 12 Dogri -_ 2 3 Mandyali 6 3 Kashmiri ChambyaJi '_ ~ - Gorkhali/Nc:pali 4 5 9 Ben_gali 1 Total 72 12 /'" 52 '4 99 19 2 10 4 13 SOURCE: Household~Survey data, 1986-87, 11)6 TABLIl-27 as Related to Duration of Stay ill Present Residence Number of speaking subsidiary languages with reference to duration of stay in present residence 10+years No subsidiary languages / ------, Hindi English Pahari Hindi! English! Punja bi! 0-4 5-9 10 and above English Urdu! Dogri Hindi! Punjabi/ Italian -_------13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 -_- --_...... 164 3 4 114 2 32 3 14 59 2 10 5 5 23 4 21 14 7 7 58 11 62 3 18 3 45 4 28 14 21 14 24 4 1 4 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 7 1 ,- 22 2 15 3 .- ~ 333 66 8 228 33 15 104. 33 50 187 ApPBNDiX Mother Tongue and Subsidiary Languages Number of Speakers of Mother Tongue who SpcaJ...s Subsidiary Language as Age and Sex --- '--~ __Kangri__.A.. ______---.,- ______~ Hindi ______~ r J:Hndi English Hindi/ Pahari EngJish( No English Pahari Punjabi English( Dogri/ No English Urdu/ Subsi- Urdu/ Punjabi Subsi- Punjabi diary Punjabi diary Language Language ------~ ---- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 t 3 ------0-4 Male 4 19 1 6 Female 13 1 8 5-7 Male 15 3 2 8 Female 12 2 2 3 2 8-10 Male 16 4 2 3 Female 11 6 2 11-14 Male 16 6 2 3 "- Female 17 7 2 2 2 5 15 and above Male 80 86 2 34 2 5 21 10 Female 91 61 2 11 25 2 8 18 12 Total 263 4 176 4 2 49 69 7 18 43 59 ApPBNDIX Mother Tounge and Subsidiary Languages ____~umber of Speakers of Mother Tongue who Speaks Subsidiary Langua~_e_a_s__ _ Age and Sex Dogri Kashmiri Bengali r------"------, r------.A.---~___.I------'------, Hindi Pahari Hindi/ No> Hindi English Hindi/ No Hindi English Hindi/ No English Subsi English Subsi- English Subsi- diary diary diary Lang Lang- Lang- uage uage uage ------.---- 1 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 0-4 Male 3 Female 5-7 Male Female 8-10 Male 1 Female 11-14 . Male Female 15 +above Male 2 3 1 Female 2 J 4 1 1 Total 6 8 4 1 2 SoURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 188 TAIlLE-28 as Related to Age and Sex Number of Speakers of Mother Tongue who.speakes Subsidiary Language as Gaddi Punjabi ,-______Tibetan..A. ______---, ,--- ,,--- --, Hindi English Hindi! No Hindi English Hindi! Hindil No Hindi English Hindi/ English! No English Subs i- English Urdu/ Subsi- English Hindi/ -SUbsi- diary English/ diary Punjabi/ . diary Lang- Italian Lang- Swiss! Lang- uage uage German/ uage Nepali 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2S 26 27 .__ -- 4 2 10 8 2 6 3 6 6 6 2 _2 2 3 2 1 2 3 5 4 1 3 2 3 S 1 1 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 1 4 5 - 2 6 2 1 1 -4 2 1 3 1 22 2 1 20 3 37 2 12 15 1 1 30 4 37 S 37 2 12 3 14 5 74 2 20 8S 12 86 4 21 31 9 42 1 28 ~"}jLE 28-contd. as Related to Age and Sex Number of Speakers of MotMrTon~ue who Speakes Subsidiary Language as MandYali Charnbyali - Gorkhali/Nepali '--~I .-----~------.r--.------~------, Hindi English Hindi/ No Subsi- - Hindi; English· Hindi/ No Subsi- Hindi English Hindi/ No Subsi English diary English diary English diary Language -:- Language Language 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 S1 1- 3 - 0 2 -- ... 4 2 3 1 1 4- 1 2 5 4 1 7 1 12 4 - S 13 1 7 8 5 1 10 1 35 2 20 3 92-L/SI20DCOHP-14 182 ApPENJ)IX TABLIl-29 bistribution of Scheduled Castes Population by Age, Sex and Educational level ~heduled Caste Educational level Age Group .------'-- ~------.... 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-49 50 & above -----'~ .-----"----, .--_..A.----, ..----.J'-----, .--._...... _----, ,----A-----, ,----A----. M F M F M F M ..F M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Badhi Illiterate 1 4 1 2 1 1 3 Literate Below Primary 1 2 Primary 1 1 1 1 Middle 1 1 1 1 Matrie Hr. See./Inter/PUC 1 1 Non-Tech. Diploma Tech. Diploma Degree & above 1 Kabirpanthi llliterate 1 Literate Below Primary 1 Primary 1 1 Middle 1 1 1 Matrie 1 1 . Hr. Sec./Inter/PUC 1 Non-Tech. Diploma Tech. Diploma Degree & above 1 Chamar Illiterate Literate Below Primary 1 _j Primary 3 1 1 1 Middle 1 1 1 1 Lohar Illiterate J _ Literate r - Below Primary -Primary 1 1 , Middle 1 Matrie 1 190 ApPENDtx TABLE-29-concld. Distribution 0/ Scheduled Castes Population by Age. Sex and Educational/evel Scheduled Caste Educational level Age Group , -----"- .., 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-49 50 & above r----'----. ,_..A.---, ,---A..-., ,_.A.--, r---"-----, ,---"----, ,--"----, M F M F M F M F M F M F M F _------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Balmiki Illiterate 2 4 Literate 1 1 Below Primary 2 5 1 1 Primary 3 5 5 2 1 Middle 3 1 Matrie 2 1 Hr. Sec./lnter/PUC ~ Non-Tech. _Diploma Tech. Diruoma Degree- & above Pherera llliterate Literate 1 Below Primary 1 - - Primary 1 1 - Total 9 10 8 11 8 13 5 6 5 8 13 13 5 4 SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. (Population in age-group of 0-4 has not been taken into account in this table). ~ ~ - >.. ~2.LJSl20DCOHP-\4(a) 191 ,ApPENDIX Part A-Education in Urban Areas (For each castes Sl. Name of Scheduled Castes No. Literate Total Population llIiterate (Without Educational level) I~ I M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TOTAL 757 618 307 363 142 117 Ad-dharmi 4 3 1 1 " 1 2 Badhi, Nagalu • 84 71 59 68 17 2 3 Balmiki, Bhangi, Chuhra-, Chubre, Chura ~ 223 211 98 116 46 50 4 Bangali 1 1 5 Barad 1 6 Batwal 3 1 1 1 7 Chamar, Jatia Chamar, Rehgar, Raigar, Ramdasi, Ravidasi, Ram- da~ia or Mochi . . . 171 97 47 48 25 18 8 Chhimbe, Dhobi .. 17 16 7 6 1 5 9 Darai, Daryai • .. 1 -10 Doom, Doommna; Dumna, Dumne or Mahasha 2 1 11 Hali 90 84 45 64 25 13 12 Jogi 4 1 13 lulaha, lulahe, Kabirpanthi, Keer 38 33 8 11 7 8 14 Kori, Koli 11 7 3 2 1 15 Lohar 53 37 16 22 11 6 16 Megh 0" 5 4 1 1 1 17 Pbrera, Pherera 14 14 3 5 3 2 18 Sansi, Bhedkut, Manesh 3 2 2 2 1 19 Sarde, Sarera, Sarare, Saryare, Sarde 23 25 9 10 S 7 20 Sipi 2 1 2 1 21 Unspecified 7 11 3 7 3 192 TABLE-30 only for Scheduled Castes separately) EDUCATIONAL LEVEL Primary Middle Matriculation/Sec. Hr. Sec./lnterme- Non-Tech. Dip. or Technichl diploma diateJPre-University certificate not equal or certificate not to degree equal to degree r---____..A...... ,---"- .----'- M F M F M F M F M F M· F ----- 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 118 63 79 26 64 28 29 16 2 2 1 . 1 1 6 1 1 1 38 21 18 11 11 8 10 5 1 1 35 17 26 3 24 7 8 4 2 2 2 2 . 3 2 1 2 1 8 5 7 1 4 1 1 3 7 _L - 3 7 4 2 3 1 1 4 1 1 .. 2 1 1 - 12 3 7 2 6 4 1 1 1 1. 1 2 6 4 1 2 .- 4 8 2 1 "_ 2 1 2 --.. --.. 193 ApPENDIX Part A-Education In Urban Areas EDUCATIONAL £1. Name of Scheduled Castes Graduate degree other than Post Graduate degree other .Technical No. technical degree than technical degree Engineering and Technical j r------~----~ M F M F M F 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 TOTAL 9 2 3 1 Ad-dharmi 1 2 Badhi, Nagalll • 3 Bali'fiiki, Bhangi, Chuhra;Chuhre, Chura 1 1 4 Ba~aIi 5 B~ad 6 Ba.twal 7 Chamar, Jatia Chamar, Rehgar, Raigar, Ramdasi, Ravidasi, Ram dasia or Mochi 5 1 8 Cl1himbe, Dhobi 9 DarAi, Daryai . 10 D6bm, DoOmmna, Dumna, Dumne or Mahasha 11 Hali 12 Jogi 13 Julaha, Julahe, Kabirpanthi, Keer 2 2 1 14 Kod, Koli 15 Lobar 16 Megh 17 Phrera, Pherera IS Sansi, Bbedkut, Manesh 19 Saroe, Sarera, Sarare, Saryare, Sarde 20 Sipi 21 Unspecified OUReE 'Individual 'Slips, 1981 Census. J94 T ABLE-30-concld. only for Scheduled Castes LEVEL Degree or Diploma equal to degree or Post Graduate degree Medicine Agriculture & Dairing Veterinary Teaching Others r------~------~ r------~------~ r------~,------~ M F M F M F M F M F 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3(5 1 1 1 1 195 ApPENDI}j Part A-Education in Urban Areas (For "each Tribe EDlJCATIONAL SI. Name of Total Population JlIiterate Literate Primary Middle No; Schduled (without educational Tribe Level) r--"------"-, ,__...A...-;-~ M F M F M F -1- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total. 8 8 2 Bhot, Bodh 5 2 2 Laha~la . 7 3 SOURCE ~ Individual Slips, 1981 Census. HH-:-Household ApPENDIX M-Males F-females Distribution of Households alld Population . Rajput Brahmin Kanojiya Nai Locality ----, ...----A- ,----"------. HH M F HH M F HH M F HH M F 2 3 .4 .s 6 ...:/ 8 9 10 ~i1 12 13 ------Ward I (Dharmkot, Naddi) 17 46 36 5 15 13 3 4 3 2 "Ward II (Forsythganj, Bhagsunag) 7 15 21 2 5 4 -Ward III (Mcleodganj, Gamroo) _ 3 7 7 - Ward IV (Sangam Park] 1 3 7 4 WardV (Khajanchi Mohalla, Chander Marg) 1 1 2 5 11 17 Ward VI (Kotwali_East) • " 5 -17 14 -7 18 17 Ward VII .;:; (Kotwali West) • 15 31 29 6 12 19 ~Ward VII-I (Aryas~aj, Gurdwara) 3 3 8 ~6 12 -}"3 - Ward IX (ChiIgar.!,) 8 30 18 -6 14 17 Ward X (Kachehari) 4 13 14 Ward XI ~Depot Bazar) . 6 18 9 1 3 2 Ward XII (Civil Lines) • 5 7 6 6 15 13 Ward XIII -' (Shaheed Smark) . 8 18 19 5 11 5 79 194 170 56 136 138 3 4 3 2 196 TABLE-31 only for Scheduled Tribes separately) LEVEL Matriculation/Sec Hr. Sec./Tntermediate/ Non-Technical Technical Diploma Graduate degree Post Graduate degree ondary Pre-University diploma or certificate or certificate not other than technical other than technical not equal to degree equal to degree degree degree J ___, ( -- r - _..A. __ -, r - -- _---A.._---, r _..-A.. --- ~ -, r <- ..A. - ----, r-----"------, M F M F M F M F 1\1 F M F ------13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2 2 5 2 2 5 TABLE-32 by Locality, Caste or Tribe or Community and sex Badhi Buddhist Kabirpanthi Mahajan Chamar Gupta ..A. ---.., r------A..--..., r- -"------, r-- _....A.__..., r----..A. HH M F HH M F HH M F HI! M F HH M p- HH M F --- _._- 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 5 2 4 14 25 25 7 3 4 1 3 2 3 7 7 8 13 15 7 15 12 5 2 2 2 3 1 4 1 2 5 4 1 4 13 8 1 2 2. 2 3 3 2 5 6 1 2 2 4 4 1 2 8 16 22 30 55 56 2 6 8 11 28 25 2 7 3 3 7 6 197 ApPRNDJX Distribution of Households and Population Jat..... _____ Mehra/Sunar Khatri Aggarwal Locality ~j A...... ---- HH M F HH M F HH M F HH M F 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Ward I (Dharmkot, Naddi) Ward II (Farsy'thaanj, Bhagsuul\&)' . 1 1 Ward III (McJeodganj/Gamroo) 3 5 1 4 9 Ward IV (Sangam Park) . 1 3 5 7 1 2 3 Ward V (Khajancbi MohalIa, Chandcr Mara) 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 Ward VI (Kotwali East) ., _" 4 13 11 Ward VII (Kotwali West) . 1 3 3 Ward VIII (Aryasmaj, Gurdwara) 1 2 3 1 2 3 . Ward IX (Chilgari) 1 1 1 Ward X (Kachehari) - "'" 1 2 1 Ward XI (Depot Bazar) 2 1 Ward XII (Civil Lines) 3 6 5 Ward XIII -_ (Shahecd SmarIe) - 1 7 1 4 8 9 3 10 4 3 6 8 21 49 51 2 4 5 T ABU-32-contd. by Locality. Caste or Tribe or Community Sood Chaudhry , __--"----, Kaistha , __Malhotra--"--_-, , ____Lohar -'---, ,___.A..Saini __ _ ,------~------~ ,------~------~ HH M F HH M F HH M F HH M F HH M F HH M F ------44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5S 56 57 58 59 60 61 2 5 6 2 4 1 -_ 1 2 6 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 5 5 1 1 3 2 3 5 .2 1_ 1 1 2 1 3 4 1 4 1 4 3 7 16 20 3 5 5 2 3 10 2 2 2 7 6 1 1 3 199 ApPENDIX Distribution of Households and Population Sayed Sehgal Majgotra Jheer Locality r------"-----, ~ r---"------HH M F HH M F HH M F HH M F 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 _'--. Ward I (Dharmkot, Naddi) Ward 11 (Forsythganj, Bhagsunag) Ward.IIT (Mcleodganj, Gamroo) WardlV / (Sangam Park) WardV (Khajanchi Mohalla, Chander Marg) Ward VI (Kotwali East) . -Ward VII (Kotwali West) Ward VJII (Aryasmaj, Gurdwara) Ward IX :: ( Chilgari) 3 1 2 2 WnrdX (Kachehari) Ward XI (Depot Bazar) Ward XU (Civil Lines) 2 2 1 Ward XIII (Shaheed SmarK) 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 SOURCE Household Survey data, 1986·87. 200 TABu·32-concld. by Locality, Caste or Tribe or Community Kumhar Balmiki Ghirith Pherera Kohli Total , __ __A..,__ ~, ,...-. __"-_____., ,---A-__~ HH M F HH M F HH M HH M F HH M F 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 26 71 64 2 5 8 29 58 71 2 3 7 2 3 19 39 53 20 40 34 1 3 4 14 33 40 23 66 62 2 3 23 48 54 2 3 21 41 47 1 2 3 21 54 49 1 3 8 11 29 39 2 6 4 10' 29 16 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 21 48 38 3 8 8 22 53 .44 1 2 1 11 26 33 4 9 13 1 3 8 1 3 1 260 607·· 611 201 ApptNDIX TABU-33 Distribution 0/ Households by Caste/Tribe/Comfllunity and Average Educational Score Caste/Tribe/ Number Population Average educational sc6re Average educational score Community of House , ____-A. ______--, per head per Household holds .----~"'------, ,------'-_------Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 -r"- Rajput . 79 336 177 159 r. 82 2.10 1.50 7.72 4.71 3.01 Brahmin. 56 246 119 127 2.41 2.69 2.16 10.61 5.72 4.89 Tibetan 30 97 47 50 1.68 1.81 1.56 5.43 2.83 2.60 Khatri 21 97 48 49 2.84 2.92 2.76 13.10 6.67 6.43 Balmild 11 53 23 30 1. 58 1.91 1.33 7.64 4.00 3.64 Mahajan It 51 26 25 2.65 2.65 2.64 12.27 6.27 6.00 Badhi/Dhiman 8 30 13 17 1. 33 1.69 1.06 5.00 2.75 2.25 Sood 7 35 15 20 2.71 2.73 2.70 13.57 5.86 7.71 Ghirith 4 22 9 13 1.91 2.56 1.46 10.50 5.75 4.75 Chaudhry 3 10 5 5. 2.10 1.80 2.40 7.00 3.00 A.OO Sunar 3 11 5 6 2.00 2.20 1.83 7.34 3.67 3.67 ~at 3 14 10 4 2.57 2.60 2.50 12.00 8.67 3.33 Gupta 3 13 7 6 3.08 3.14 3.00 13.33 7.33 6.00 Kabirpanthi 2 14 6 8 2.36 2.17 2.50 16.50 6.50 10.00 Chamar . 2 10 7 3 1.50 1.86 0.67 7.50 6.50 1.00 A~sarwaI 2 8 4 4 2.38 2.75 2.00 9.50 5.50 4.00 Kaistha 2 11 3 8 3.73 4.33 3.50 20.50 6.50 14.00 /' Lahar 2 10 5 5 1.20 1.20 1.20 6.00 3.00 3.00 Kanojiya 6 "3 3 1.17 1.67 0.67 7.00 5.00 2.00 Nai 1 4 2 2 1.50 1.50 1.50 6.00 3.00 3.00 Malhotra 1- - 2 -! 1- -6~00 5.00 5.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 Saini 3 1 2 4.00 5.00 3.50 12.00 5.00 7.00 Sayed .. 1 _3 } 2 3.67 1.00 5.00 11.00 _ 1.00 10.00 Sehgal 4 2 2 2.25 2.50 2.00 9.00 5.00 4.00 Majgotra 1 4 2 2 2.00 2.50 1.50 8.00 5.00 3.00 Zheer 1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Kumhar. 2 1 1 5.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 c' Pherera • 1 8 3 5 "2".25 1.67 2.60 18.00 5.00 13.00- Kohli 1 4 3 1 2.75 1.67 3.00 11.00 8.00 3.00 Total '260 1,109 5~ 560 2.15 2.35 1.95 9.15 4.~ ~J:20 SoURCll: Hou~ehold Survyy data, 1986--87. 202 Distribution of Households by Typf! and Arerage Educational ScoPe No. of Population Average Educational Score House- , ----. ,------~... __.., Type of Household holds Total Male Female Per Head Per Household ,---,-"------. ,--_...... T M F T M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1. Nuclear 144 593 299 294 2.09 2.27 1.90 8.61 4.72 3.89 2. Supplemented Nuclear 12 64 32 32 1.92 2.13 1.72 10.25 5.67 4.58 3, Sub-nuclear 24 67 29 38 2.30 2.34 2.26 6.42 2.84 3.58 4. Single Person 15 15 11 4 2.27 3.09 2.27 2.27 5. Supplemented Sub-nuclear 6. Collateral Joint. 8 5 3 0.50 0.80 4.00 4.00 7. Supplemented Collateral Joint 1 7 3 4 0.71 0.67 0.75 5.00 2.00 3.00 8. Lineal Joint 11 70 31 39 2.04 2.35 1.79 13.00 6.64 6.36 9. Supplemented Lineal Joint 10. Lineal CollaterruJ6int 5 48 25 23 2.47 2.64 2.i7 23.20 13.20 10.00 11. Supplemented Lineal Collateral Joint 12. Self (Female) unmarried cousin Sister . 1 2 2 4.00 4.00 8.00 8.00 13. Self (Female) married son, S/wife, un married son/daughter 10 47 22 25 2.19 2.41 2.00 10.30 5.30 5.00 14. Self (Male) married Son, S/Wife, un married sons! daughters 2 11 6 S 1.45 1.67 1.20 8.00 5.00 3.00 15. Nuclear with servant 4 20 8 12 2.25 2.88 1.83 11.25 5.75 5.50 16. Self (Female) son; S/Wife, SISon, S/Dau, S/S/Dau, s Sister 1 8 3 S 2.75 2.00 3.20 22.00 6.00 16.00 17. Lineal Servant . 3 22 11 11 3.00 2.91 3.09 22.00 10.67 11.33 18. Self (Female) married son, S/W/ un married children and D/daughter 2 24 12 12 2.29 2.58 2.00 27.50 15.50 12.00 19. Self (Spouse) with unmarried sons, dau, widowed brother and other relatives 3 12 6 6 2.00 2.17 1.83 8.00 4.33 3.67 20. Self (Female) sons, wife, married son, S/wife, unmarried S/dau, married servant 1 6 2 4 3.17 3.50 3.00 19.00 7.00 12.00 21. Self (Female) Widow mother and un married soo 1 2 2 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 22. Self (Female) mother . 1 2 2 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 23. Self (Male) unmarried SISon 1 3 3 1.33 1.33 4.00 4.00 24. Self (Male) Daughter-in-Law 1 2 1 1 2.50 2.00 3.00 S.OO 2.0iJ 3.00 25. Self (Male) Cousin 1 2 2 2.50 2.50 5.00 5.00 ~. • 26. Self (Spouse) sons dau 3 1 2 2.00 5.00 0.50 6.00 5.00 1.00 27. Self (Father) brother, sister B/D/Hus, BID and B/D/Dau . 1 5 2 3 2.80 3.50 2.33 14.00 7.00 7.00 22. Self (Female) Unmarried Son 1 3 2 1 2.67 2.50 3.00 8.00 ,5.00 3.00 203 ApPENDIX TABLE-34-=concld. ~ f .;,. ,.I ~ ~ • Distribution of Household by Type alld Average Education Score No. of Population Average Educational Score ...---______~.A.. House- r-~~~-.A.-~-~ ... ---, 1,:ype of Household hOlds Total Mule ',Female Per He"d Pcr Household ...---____A,._----; r- .A.~-_--_... T M F T M F ------2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 11 29. Self (Male) Friend 2 2 4.00 4.00 8.00 8.00 30. Self (Female) unmarried dau, and son and Widowed H/Mother 1 5 1 4 1.20 1.00 1.25- 6.00 1.00 -5.00 / 31. Self (Spouse) married dau, daus, daus son 1 5 2 3 1.40 1.50 1.33 7.00 3.00 4.00 32. Self (Male) Mar~ied Sister,.Never marri· ed sister, sister sons/Wife, N. M. Son 1 10 4 6 2.40 2.75 2.17 24.00 11.00 13.00 33. Self (Spouse) DjDau. Husband, Dj Dau. 1 7 2 5 3.57 5.00 3.00 25.00 10.00 15.00 34. Self (Female) Sis's dau. ami son. 3 2 3.67 1.00 5.00 11.00 1.00 10.00 35. Self (spouse) son, SjWife, married dau, SISon . • . . . . 1 8 5 3 3.75 4.00 3.33 30.00 20.00 10.00 36. Self (Spouse,) Dau, Son, Brother, BjSon 1 5 3 2 1.67 2.33 1.50 10.00 7.00 3.00 37. Self, Sons Wife • 1 2 1 4.00 5.00 3.00 8.00 5.00 3.00 38. Self (Spouse) married Sons and un· married son 1 8 7 1 1. 88 2.14 15.00 15.00 39. Self, (Spouse) married son and married, dau. and unmarried son . • • 1 5 3 2 1.60 2.00 1.00 8.00 6.00 2.00 40. Self spouse unmarried sons/son 3 2 1. 33 2.00 4.00 4.00 Total 260 1,109 549 560 2.15 2.35 1.95 9.15 4.95 4.20 SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986·87. ApPENDIX T A'llL"E-35 lJistrivwioll 0/ Households by Occupafiollal Category 0/ Head 0/ Household and Average Educational Score No. of Population Average Educational Average Educational Score Occupational Category lIouse- Score per head Per. houseli.old .-----A.___ --. holds ,------'---.----, .----~------, P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / I Pipe Fitter in IPH (871) 2 9 3 6 1.11 1.00 1.17 5.00 1.50 3.50 Peon (358) 8 28 16 12 1.32 1. 56 1.00 4.63 3.13 1.50 Agriculturist (610) 5 20 10 10 0.90 1.20 0.60 3.60 2.40 J..20 Slate quarryin~ labourer. (719) 10 52 23 29 0.71 0.96 0.52 3.70 2.20 1.50 Slatt mine contractor (718) 4 25 13 12 1.32 1.69 0.92 8.25 5.50 2.75 Tea Shopkeeper (77S) 7 29 18 11 2.17 2.22 2.09 9.00 5.11 3.29 Mahager in' .guest house (251) 4 3 1 1.25 1.67 5,00 5.00 Karyana Shopkeeper (460) 5 23 14 9 1. 78 1.86 1.67 8.20 5.20 3.00 Mille 'transporter (987) 3 2 ChMvkidar ('574) 2 8 5 3 1.25 1.40 1.00 5.00 3.50 1.50- Carpenter (,g11) 5 2 3 1.20 1.50 1.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 Trained Daf in'Civil'Dispensary (Og5) 3 15 5 10 2.33 1. 80 2 . 60 11. 67 3 . 00 8 :b7' Graduilte Telteher (155) 2 4 3 4.50 5.00 4.33 9.00 2.50 6.50 Primary Teltcher (153) 3 10 6 4 2.60 2.67 2.50 8.66 5.33 3.33 Grossary Shopkeeper (4G9) 3 15 6 9 2.60 2.33 2.78 13.00 4.67 8.33' Gatdener (652) 6 3 3 ~1.50 1.67 1.33 9.00 5.00 4.00 Technician in :rele Exchange (39-9) 1 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Shoe Maker & Shoe shopkeeper (80l) 2 11 5 6 1.18 1.80 0.67 6.50 4.50 2.00 Liv.e' Stock (621) "2 9 5 4 1.80 2.00 1.75 8.50 5.00 3.50 Sweeper (541) 4 19 8 11 1.16 1.50 0.91 5.50 3.00 2.50 Wea.ver Carpet etc. : (155) 2 3 3 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.00 Cook· . ~(520) 3 16 10 6 1.25 1.40 1.00 6.67 4.67 2.00 Programme Officer . (219) 2 5 3 2 2.60 3.67 1.00 6.50 5.50 1.00 Incliarge EXPQrt Marketing (299) 1 3 2 3.67 5.00 1.00 5.50 5.00 0.50 8oof{S'ellers Suitionery Shopkeep~ (431) 4 14 6 8 2.43 2.83 2.13 8.50 4.25 4.25 Restautant Owner .' (500) 3 13 9 4 1.31 0.89 2.25 5.67 2.67 3.00 Audit· Officer (129) 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00- Deputy Secretary (2Il) 5 3 2 2.20 1.00 4.00 11.00 7.00 4:00 Wateh'repaitwand Watch Shopkeeper (841) J t_ 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Line-man in",Tete Exchange (857) 1 2 1 .1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 BiIl-Collcctor{Caned"Bank) .. (330) 1 2 2.00 i.oo 2.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2: 19 1.83 Clerk' . (350) 6 16 12 2.04 9.50 5.83 3.67 92-L/S120DCOHP-15 205 ApPENDIX TABLE-3S~contd. Distribution of Households by Occupational Category of Head of Household and Average Educational Score No. of Population Average Educational Average Educational Occupational Category House Score per head Score per household holds ,-----'------, ,------'------. r-'--_.A. ... P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Chemist (001) 2 11 7 4 2.36 2.71 1.75 13.00 9.50 3.50 Jewellers (881) 3 14 7 7 1.71 1.71 1.71 8.00 4.00 4.00 Tailoring Shopkeeper (791) 5 36 20 16 1.83 1.90 1.75 13.20 7.60 5.60 Superintendent (300) 5 15 6 9 3.00 4.33 2.11 9.00 5.20 3.80 Painter (Handicraft) (939) 2 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 secretary to Principal & Sponsership. (269) 3 10 5 5 3.10 3.40 2.80 10.34 5.67 4.67 Home Foster. (529) 1 5 3 2 1.40 1.00 2.00 7.00 3.00 4.00 Section Officer (300) 4 15 7 8 2.93 3.29 2.63 11.00 5.75 5.25 Assistant _ . (302) 9 42 20 22 2.57 2.95 2.~3 12.00 6.56 5.44 Head \:ashier (331) 3 9 3 6 2.33 3.00 2.00 7.00 3:00 4.00 General merchant (401) 11 45 20 25 2.22 2.50 2.00 9.10 4.55 4.55 Range Officer (Forest) (660) 2 8 3 5 3.50 3.67 3.40 14.00 5.50 8.50 Govt. Contractor (R&B) . (241) 1 2 1 1 5.00 5.00 5.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 Lana Lord-cum-Orchadist (XI0) 1 4 3 2.50 2.67 2.00 10.00 8'.00 2.00 Bank Manager (Kangra Co-op. Bank) (230) 2 9 4 5 2.56 3.25 2.00 11.50 6.50 5.00 Inspector Food & Supply (301) 2 5 3 2 2.60 3.00 2.00 6.50 4.00 2.00 Lawyer in Court ._ (140) 2 5 2 3 3.80 5.00 3.00 9.50 5.00 4.50 Technical Supervisor (PVt. Trasp.) (369) 1 4 2 2 3.50 3.00 4.00 14.00 6.00 8.00 Sweet Shopkeeper • (777) 4 19 11 8 2.05 2.45 1.50 9.75 6.75 3.00 Crokery & Tant House (899) 1 6 3 3 1.67 1.33 2.00 10.00 4.00 6.00 Waiter. (521) 2 3 3 2.67 2.67 4.00 4.00 Photographer (173) 1 4 2 2 1. 75 2.00 1.50 7·.00 4.00 3.00 Owner of Log Printing Press (920) 1 6 3 3 2.33 2.33 2.33 14.00 7.(}0 7.(}O Accountant • _ (120) 4 13 5 8 3.08 3.20 3.0.0 10.00 4.00 6.00 \ Driver (.leep) (986) 3 13 10 3 1 15 1.40 0.33 5.00 4.67 0.33 Daily Wages Worker (999) 2 6 2 4 0.67 1.00 0.50 2.00 1.00 1.00 J.E. (Civil Eng.) (031) 2 6 4 2 2.83 3.25 2.00 8.50 6.50 2.00 Dy. C.M.O.-Cum-Health Officer (070) 2 11 5 6 3.27 2.20 3.33 18.00 8.00 10.00 Patwari. (310) --.1 - 4, 1 'J 1. 75 3.00 1.33 7.00 3.00 4.00 Owner Pub. Carrier . (250) 3 14 6 8 2.57 3.67 2.50 12.00 5.33 1.33 Horticulture Inspector (609) 1 5 2 3 3.60 4.00 3.33 18.00 8.00 10.00 Vaidya . ,,' (071) 1 3 1 2 3.00 4.00 2.50 9.00 4.00 5.00 Senior Sec. School Teacher (151) 1 2 2 3.50 3.50 7.00 7.00 206 ApPENDIX TABLE-35-coflcld. DL./dbulioll of lJollscholds by O..:cupativ:;a/ Calegory of Jlead oj' Household and A I·erage Educafional Score N(). ()f ropulallon Avcrage Educational Average Educational Occupational Category Huusc Score pcr head Score per household ,-___A. . h, IltI~- r----.A..----...... ,- --. ---, P M F P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Depo~ Holder (S:0-oper. Society) ._(439) 9 5 4 2.11 2.00 2.25 19.00 10.00 9.00 Cem.:.nt Supplier Pvl. Agcncy (412) -5 3 2 3.20 2.67 4.00 16.00 8.00 8.00 Lecturer Govt. College (150) 4 15 8 7 3.67 3.13 4.29 13.75 6.25 7.50 J.A.O. (Tel. Exchange) (210) 2 8 6 2 2.50 2.33 3.00 10.00 7.00 3.00 Chartered Accol;!Dtant (Pvt. S::omp). . .( 121) 3 2 3.67 3.00 5.00 11.00 6.00 5.00 Pharmasist Govt. Hospital (076) 3 16 7 9 1.69 2.29 1.22 9.00 5.33 3,67 Supervis-or (Post Office) . . (870) 2 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 Road Inspector (H.P.P.W.D.) (950) 2 7 _3 4 f..57 3.67 1. 75 9.00 5.50 3.50 Municipal Counceller (Vice President) (202) 10 4 6 2.40 2.75 2.17 24.00 11.00 foo P.T.l. Govt. Hrgh School (\59) 2 3.67 1.00 5.00 11.00 1.00 10.00 Stove Rl)pairer -. (839) 5 2 1.60 2.00 1.00 8.00' 6.00 Private Petition writer (149) - 1 4 2 2.50 2.50 2.50 10.00 5.00 5.00 Coal Merchant (400) 1 6 4 2.83 3.50 2.50 17.00 7.00 10.00 - Manager (Pvt. Business) :(259) 1 5 2 1. 60 1. 67 1. SO 8 .00 5 .00 3 . 00 Vegetable Shopkeeper (431) 3 9 4 5 2.00 1.75 2.20 6.00 2.33 ·3.67 Asstt. Unit Officer (Hospital) . (089) 2 2 3.00 3.00 6.00 6.00 Munshi in Court with Advocate (142) 5 2 3 2.00 3.00 1.33 10:00 6.00 4.00 Head Constable (Police) . (571) 4 17 12 5 2.00 2.25 1.40 8.50 6.75 1. 7S Lab. Attendent (083) 1 1 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Medical Practitioner (Pvt.). (079) 2 8 4 4 4.75 5.00 4.50 19.00 10.00 9.00 Editor Himachal Today (161) 5 4 3.60 5.00 4.50 18.00 5.00 13.00 Non-Workers 45 219 97 122 2.41 2.75 2.13 11.71 5.93 5.78 Total 260 1,109 549 560 2.15 2.35 1.95 9.15 4.95 4.20 SoURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 92-L/SI20DCOHP-15(a) 201 ApPEND))' Age at Marriage as Related to ____.A. Age____ at Educational Level .- Male ---"'------., Below-l 4 14-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+ Age not Total Stated 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1. Illiterate 6 15 3 4 2, 30 2. I.::iterate without educational level 3 5 3 11 l. Below Primary 4 4 9 4. Primary 2 10 5 17 5. Middle 1 6 21 15 3 46 6. Matrie 2 22 21 5 51 7. Hr. Sec., Pre-Uni- v'*sity .& Inter- mediate 2 7 10 2 1 22 8. Non-Tech. Dip- loma not equal to desr~ 2 2 9. Technical"Diploma not equal to iiegree 1 1 10. Dej1'eo and above 2 14 43 16 1 76 Total 21 98 107 33 4 1 265 SOURCE: Household -Survey data, 1986-87. 208 TABLE-36 Educational Level ------Marriage Female r ..J~ Below-14 14-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+ Age not stated Total 12 13 ]4 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ------.,. 11 66 14 4 95 4 3 7 8 5 14 29 10 4() 26 4 2 1 1 34 34 21 4 - - 59 3 7 1 12 2 7 3 12 6 16 14 36 11 178 87 29 3 1 309 209 ApPEliDlX TABU-37 Average Age at Marriage a~ related to edu(,(lfiolulllevel alld time Of marriage Number of married Average age at marriage of Average age at marriage of married males who married , __ ---A. __--, married females..A.. ______who married-----, Educational level . ,----~ .. Males Females Earner 15-29 Within Earlier 15-29 Within than years 15 yrs. than years 15 yrs. 30 yrs. 30 yrs. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Illiterate 30 95 25 25 21 16 18 18 2. Literate without educational level 11 7 25 28 28 19 19 20 3. Below Primary 9 14 21 25 16 21 23 4. Primary 17 40 24 22 24 17 18 19 5. -Middle 46 34 23 25 24 17 21 19 6. ~atric 51 59 24 25 26 19 19 20 7. Hr. Sec., puc & Intermedi-;rte 22 12 21 27 25 20 21 22 8. Non-Tech. Dip. not equal to degree 2 12 21 22 23 9. Tech. Diploma not equal to degree 1 25 10. Degree & above 76 36 24 21 27 21 21 24 SouRe_ : Household- Survey- data, 1986-87. 21Q ApPENDIX TABLE-38 Male, Sex and Study in Educational Institution by Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Others - Total Number Studying Number not Stl Category of Caste or Tribe or Age Group r------'----, ,-----A. ,------"--_ Community Male Female Male Female Male FI ------2 3 4 5 6 7 ------1. Rajput 5-9 29 20 27 15 3 lQ..---.14 26 19 26 _ 16 15-29 19 18 14 6 5 20-24 17 14 1 4 16 25+ 85 88 85 Total 176 159 47 41 109 2. Brahmin 5-9 17 22 16 20 1 10-14 11 13 11 12 15-19 14 9 8 7 6 20-24 10 13 3 2 7 25+ 68 70 -1 67 Total 120 127 39 41 81 3. Kanojiya 5-9 1 1 10-14 1 1 1 15-19 20-24 25+ 1 1 Total '3 3 2 1 1 4. Nai 5-9 1 10-14 15-19 20-24 1 1 25+ 1 Total 2 2 1 5. Badhi/Dhiman 5-9 3 5 2 3 1 10-14 1 15-19 2 2 20-24 1 1 1 25+ 8 9 8 Total 13 17 3 5 10 6. Tibetan/Buddhist 5-9 13 10 12 10 -r 10-14 5 6 5 6 15-19 4 4 4 3 20-24 3 3 3 25+ 22 27 22 Total 47 50 21 19 26 211 ApPENDIX TABLE-38-contd. Mc/c. Sex ani! Stud), in Educatianat 1n~titlltian by Scheduled Castes. ScJ,eduled 7i'ibes ana Others Total Number Studying Number not Studying Category of-Cas.te-()r "Iribe or Age Group .-----'"-"---, .-_ __.A.. __----, .------'"-----, Community Male Female Male Female Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7. Kabiq;~anthi 5-9 10-14 2 2 15-19 1 2 2 20-24 1 2 1 25+ 2 2 Total 6 8 5 5 3 8. Mahlljltn 5-9 4 4 4 4 10-14 .3 1 3 1 15-.19 1 2 2 20-24 4 4 25+ 14 17 14 17 Total 26 25 8 8 18 17 9. Chamar 5-9 10-14 1 1 15-19 3 2 1 20-24 1 1 25+ 3 2 3 2 Tota! 7 3 3 4 3 _10. Gupta 5-9 2 2 10-14 1 2 1 2 15-19 1 20-24 25+ 3 3 3 3 Total 7 6 4 3 3 3 -11. Jat 5-9 10-14 1 1 15-19 3 1 3 20-24 3 2 25+ 3 2 3 2 Total 10 4 5 2 5 2 12. SunarjMehra 5-9 2 2 -_ W--l4 15-19 , 1 1 20-24 1 1 25+ 3 3 3 3 Total 5 6 2 5 4 ,1~ ApPENDIX T ADLF-3R-contd. Male. Sex {I lId Stlldy in Ed{(cational/nsfitllfion ?v Sched[,led CMfps, Scheduled Trines (lnd Others T;)ta' Number Studying Numb\:r not Studying Categpry of Caste or Tribe or ,- ___.A. _____ --. Community Age Group ,-----"------, ,------'------, Mal~ F~nl'lle Ml1e Fem'lle Male Female _-_ ------2 3 5 6 7 8 13_ Khatri 5 -9 4 J 10-14 6 5 6 5 15-19 4 11 3 10 20-24 (i 5 2 4 4 25 -l-- 28 27 28 27 Total 48 49 15 17 33 32 14. Aggarwal 5-9 1 10-14 15--19 20 -24 1 I 1 25+ 2 2 2 2 Total 4 4 3 3 15. Sood 5-9 1 1 10--14 2 4 2 3 1 15 -19 3 5 3 5 20-24 1 1 25--r 8 9 8 9 Total 15 20 6 9 9 11 16. Chaudhry 5-9 10-14 15-19 2 2 20-24 25+ 2 2 2 2 Total 5 5 3 4 2 17. Kaistha 5-9 1 10-14 15-19 1 20--24 1 1 25+ 3 5 3 !I Total 3 8 3 7 18. Malhotra 5-9 10--14 15-19 20--24 25+ Total ~~~ ApP~ND[){ T ABL~-38-.contd. Male, Sex and Study in Educational Tnstitl/tion by Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Trihes and Others Total NUmber Studying NUmber not Studying Category of Caste or Tribe or Age Group ,---"------, A.__ , ,--_----'-----., Community Male Female Male Female Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 19. Lobar 5-9 1 -10-14 1 1 15-19 1 1 1 1 20-24 2 1 2 1 25+ 2 2 Total 5 5 2 1 3 4 20. Saini 5-9 .. 10-14 15-19 20-24 1 25+ Total 1 2 1 1 21. Sayed 5-9 1 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 2 2 Total 1 2 2 22. Sehgal 5-9 1 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 1 Total 2 2 23. Majgotra 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 1 25+ 1 1 1 Total 2 2 2 24. Zheer ~'9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 1 Total '.%11 A PPENDTX T ABLE-38- -conc!d. lI1all', Sex alld Study ill i:.(/ucotional Tnstitutioll hy Scheduled ('m!es, Scheduled Tribes and Others Tn1al Number Studying NtlmlY:!r not Studying Category of Caste or Tri.be Age Group ,._----"- .------"------. ,--__.A. or Community Male Female Male Female Male Female ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 25. Kumhar . '5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 1 Total 26. Balmiki 5-9 4 3 I 10-14 3 HI 3 10 15-19 3 8 3 7 '1 20-24 1 25+ 12 10 12 10 Total 23 30 9 18 14 12 27, Ghirith 5-9 2\ 2 2 1 10-14 1 1 1 ]5-19 2 4 2 3 20-24 25+ 4 6 4 6 T9tal 9 13 5 5 4 8 28. Pherera. 5-9 10-14 15-19 2 20-24 1 25+ 2 2 2 2 Total 3 ,5 2 4 29. Kohli 5-9 1 10-14 15-19 1 20-24 25+ l' 1 1 Total 3 2 Grand Total 549 560 203 186 346 374 SOURCE: Hou~ehold Survey data, 1986-87. ApPENDIX TABLE-39 Age. Sex and Siudy in Educatlonal/nsf/lullan by Migration Status As Determined by Place of Birth Total Numb~r Studying Number not Studying Migration Status and place from where Age Group r---"'----, ,_...A.,----, ,---"---, migrated M F M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A. Non-migrant Born in the Town .5-9 59 55 54 46 5 9 10-14 49 49 49 45 4 15-19 34 51 26 34 8 17 20-24 30 19 4 5 26 14 25+ 82 47 81 47 Total 254 221 134 130 120 91 •. Mi&rant I. Migrated outside the town in the - (a) Rural 5-9 12 3 12 2, district 10--14 4 3 4 2 1 15-19 11 9 7 5 4 4 20--24 13 10 2 j 11 9 25+ 76 93 76 93 Total 116 118 25 10 91 108 (b) Urban. 5-9 5 1 5 1 10--14 4 4 4 4 15-19 1 2 1 2 20--24 3 1 2 ./ i5+ 14 19 14 19 Total 24 29 10 8 J4 21 II. Misrant within the state District 1. Chamba (a) Rural . 5-9 10--14 15-19 1 20--24 2 2 25+ 1 2 2 Total 2 4 2 4 (b) Urban. 5-9 1 1 ...... 14-10' 15-19 20--24 25+ 4 6 4 6 Total 6 6 2 4 6 +~6. APPB~tx t~LB-39-co1itd. I Age, Sex and Study ill the Educational Institution by Migration Status As derermined by Place 0/ Birth Total Number Studying Number not Studyin& Migration Status and place from where Age Group .------'----, ,---Jo.. r-----"- migrated M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. Una (a) Rural 5-9 2 2 10-14 15-19 2 2 20-24 25+ 6 6 6 6 Total 1 10 4 7 6 (b) Urban 5-9 10-14_ 15-19 20-24 25+ 1 1 Total 1 1 3. KuHu (a) Rural 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24... 25+ Total (b) Urban 5-9 10-14 1 15-19 1 20-24- 1 1 1 1 25+ 3 3 Total 7 2 3 1 4 1 4. Hamirpur (b) Urban 3-9 10-14_ .:- 15-19_ 1 1 20-14_ 1 1 23+ 4 9 4 9 I') Total ': 9 2 4 9 217 ApPENDIX. fABLE-j9-cOIitd.- Age, Sex and Study in Educationallnstitutioll by Migratioll Status As Determined by Place of Birth Total Number Studying Numbtr Dot Studying Migration-Status and'place from where Age Group ,---A..---, ,.J-~ migrated M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5. Bilaspur (a) Rural. 5-9 1 -{b) Urban. 5-9 - 10-14 15-19 20-24- 25+ -- I Total 6. Shimla - (a) Rural- . 5-9- 10-14 15-19- 20-2~ 2 25+ ..;; 1 Total 1 2 1 1 I:b) Urbarr-: 5-9 1 - 10-l4 1 1 1 15-19 3 3 ~ 20-24 3 3 25+ 1 4 1 4 1'otal 5 9 4 2 1 7- 7. Solan (a) Rural - 5-9 - 10-14 1< 15-19 - 20-24 25+ 1 1 Total 1 1 1 1 "(b) Urbart' . 5~~ - 10-14 15-19 20-24 1 1 25+ Total 1 1 218 APPENDIX TABLE-39-contd. Age, Sex and Study in Educational Institution by Migration Sfutus As Determined by Place 0/ Birth Total Number Studying Number not StudyiIJi Migration Status and place from Age Group f-__,A.....-~ r------"--_, r--...______A., migrated M F M F M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Mandi (a) Rural 5-9 2 1 2 1 10-14 15-19 1 20-24 1 25+ 2 3 2 3 Total 5 5 3 2 4 (b) Urban. 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 2 3 2 3 Total 3 3 3 3 Ill. Migrant in otheJ'-States... - 1. Punjab (a) Rural 5-9 10-14 1 15-19 1 20-24 1 1 1 25+ 11 15 11 15 Totar 13 17 1 12 17 (b) Urban 5-9 4 3 1 10-14 2 1 2 1 15-19 2 4 2 4 20-24 3 1 3 1 25+ 11 21 - 11 21 Total 18 31 4 8 14 23 2. Haryana (a) Rural 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 1 1 25+ 3 1 :3 1 - Total 3 2 -_a 2 (b) Urban 5-9 " 10-14 15-19 ,,_ 20-24 25+ 1 2 1 2 Total 1 2 1 2 - 219 ApPENDIX TABLE-39;-contd. Age, Sex and Study ill Educati anal Institution by Migration Status As Deterlllined by Place 0/ Birth Total Number Studying Number not Studyinl Migration Status and place from Age G~oup ,_----A.. ,---A.. where migrated M F M F M P 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ~handigarh (U.T.) 5-9 10-14 15-19 2 2 20-24 25+ Total 4 4 :Delhi (Urban) 5-9 1 10-14 15-19 1 20-24 1 1 25+ 2 2 2 2 Total 4 4 1 1 3 3 3. Uttar Pradesh (a) Rural 5-9 10-14 15-19 2 2 20-24 1 25+ 1 3 3 Total 4 4 3 1 3 (b) Urban 5-9 1 1001V - 15-19 20-24 ,25+ 2 3 2 3 Totai 3 4 1 1 2 3 4. J~mm.u &; ~ashmir (a) _Rural 5-9 10-14 15-19 » 2 2 20-24 1 1 25+ 2 4 2 4 / Total 2 7 2 2 ~ (b) Urban 5-9--_ 10-14 1 1 15-19- i 1 1 1 20-24- 25+ • 4 3 4 J .. Total 5 5 1 2 4 3 22~ ApPENl>lX T ABLE-39-contd. Age, Sex alld Study it! Educatiollallllstilutioll by Migration Status As Determilled by Place of Birth Migration Stntu~ und Place from Age Group Total Number Studying Number not Stuayirlg where migrated ...------"----, r-----"------, .----"---, M F M F M F 2 --_._---3 4 5 6 1 8 5. Sikkim (a) Rural 5-9" 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ Total - (b) Urban - 5-9 . '- 10-14- 15-1r 20-24- 1 1 25+ -Total 1 1 - IS. West Bengal (a) Rrural 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ Total (b) Urban 5-9 1 1 10-14:' 15-19- 20-24~ 1 1 25+ 3 3 Total 2 3 1 1 3 7. Rajasthan (a) Rural 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 - 25+ Total (b) Urban 5-9 (0-14- 1 1 15-19 20-24"' 25+ 1 Total 1 1 1 221 92 -M/S120DCOHP-16 APPENDIX TADLE-39-cohtd. Age, Sex and Study ill Educational Institution by Migration Statlls As Determilled by Place of Birtll Migration Status and place from Total Number Studying Number not Studyina; .-----A.__ --, where migrated Age Group r-----'------o r-~.A.---. M F M F M F ----- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8. Orissa (a) Rural 5-9 10-14_ 15-19 20-24. 25+ Total (b) Urban 5-9 1 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ Total 1 1 9. Karnataka (a) Rural 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-25 25+ Total (b) Urban -5-9 1 3 1 3 10-14 15-19- 20-24_ 25+ 1 1 Total 1 - 4 1 3 1 10. Maharashtra (a) ~urat' 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24_ 25+ Total .. (b) Urban 5-9 10-14 1 1 1 1 15-19 1 1 1 1 20-24 25+ 1 1 Total 2 3 2 2 1 222 rAPPENDIX TABLE-39 conld. Age. Sex and Status ill Fc/ucat{ollallmtitutiu/l by MIgration Statlls As Deterlllined by Place of Birth Migration Status and place from Age Group Toldi Number..A.. StoJdying ___ Number not Stud},ing whete migrated (_------A. ,-- --, r- __..A. --, M f M F M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------ 11. Bihar (a) Rural 5-9 10-14 15 -19 20-24 25 ; 1 Total 1 (0) Urban 5 -9 10-14 15-19 20-24 20-24 2S t- Total 12. Kerala (a) Rural 5- 9 10 -14 15-19 20-24 25+ Total (b) Urban 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ Total 1 Other Countries 1. Tibet 5-9 10--14 15-19 20-24 25+ 22 23 22 23 Total 22 23 22 23 223 92-M/S120DCOHP-17(a) ApPENDIX T ABLE-39--concld. Age, Sex and Study in Educatiotlallnstitution by Migration Status As Determined by Place of Birth Migration Status and place from Age Group Total Number Studying Number not Studying where migrated r---..A..- ---, .--....---A------, r-----"------. M F M F M F ------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. Pakistan 5-9 10-14 15-19 - 20-24 25+ 16 15 16 15 Total 16 15 16 15 3. N.pal ._ 5-9 10-14 -15-19 ~20-24 1 1 25+ 1 1 Total 2 1 1 4. Burma • - 5-9 - 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 1 1 Total 1 1 5. Zamoiya (Africa) I· 5-9 1 1 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ Total 1 1 Grand Total 549 560 203 186 346 374 Somes: Household Survey data. 1986-87. ApPBNDIX T ABLE-40 Distribution 0/ Population by Broad Age-group, Sex, Caste/Tribe/Community and Educational level Caste/Tribe/ Broad Age Group Educational Level Community r- TlJiterate Literate Below Primary Middle Matric P.D.C.! Non-Tech. Tech. Degree Primary Hr. Sec./ Diploma Diploma & above: -_------Tuter 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ------Rajput 5-14 Male 3 12 26 12 3 Female 7 5 16 9 2 15-59 Male 10 5 14 25 24 5 1 18 Female 35 1 4 18 13 17 4 3 1 10 60+ Male 5 1 4 6 1 1 Female 10 2 2 Brahmin 5-14 Male 1 6 16 4 1 Female 2 5 17 8 3 15-59 Male 4 1 8 9 14 14 2 26 Female 11 3 13 11 15 11 5 15 60+ Male 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 Female 4 1 2 Tibetan 5-14 Male 9 7 1 Female 6 7 3 15-59 Male 3 8 3 2 2 8 Female 9 4 8 2 5 3 Z 60+ Male 1 Female Kanojiya 5-14 Male 2 · Female 1 15-59 Male FemaJe 1 60+ Male Female Ghirith . 5-14 Male 1 1 1 - · Female 1 1 15-59 Male 1 2 2 1 Female 2 1 2 1 60+ Male 1 Female 1 Nai · 5-14 Male Female 15-59 Male 1 Female 1 1 60+ Male Female 125 ApPENDIX T ABLE-40-confd. Distribution of Population by Broad Age-group, Sex, Caste/Tribe/Community and EducationalleJ'el Caste/Tribe! Broad Age Group Educational Level "€ommunity r .'- Illiterate Literate Below Primary Middle Matric P.U.C./ Non- Tech. Degree Primary Hr. Sec./ Tech. Diploma- & above Inter Diploma 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ---_---- _-----. --~-. .~ .KabiI;panthi 5-14- Male 1 1 Female 1 1 I - 15-59 Male 1 1 1 Fema.le 1 1 1 " 2 60+ Ma1e Female Mahajan . 5-14 Male 1 2 2 1 Female 4 1 - _ 15-59_ Male 2 2 5 4 3 - Female 4 3 5 5 60+ Male 2 1 Fem-ale Balmiki 5-14 Male 1 2 3 Female 1 5 5 15-59 Maie 1 2 3 4 4- Female 6 2 6 4 60+ Male Female Jat . 5-14 Male 1 Female 15-59 Male 4 2 Female 60+ Male Female Chamar 5-14 ¥ale Female r- - 15-59 Male 5 1 Female 2 1 .- - 60+ Male Female Sunar . 5-14 Male ~---... Female 1 15-59 Male 2 2 1 Female 1 - 1 2 60+ Male ~fj ApPENDIX TABLE-40-contd. Distribution of Population by Broad Age-group, Sex, Caste/Tribe/Community and Educatiohallevel Educational Level Caste/Tribe/ Broad Age Group Community 'JlIi- Literate Below Pri- Middle Matric P.U.C./ Non- Tech. DegieC' terate Primary mary Hr. Sec.! Tech. Diploma & above Inter Diploma 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Badhi/Dhiman 5-14 Male Fem-ale 2 3 15-59 Male 1 3 2 1 1 Female 5 2 2 - -60+ Male 1 Female 1 Khatri 5-14 Male 4 3 Female - 3 3 15-59 Male 2 6 4 6 13 Female 3 1 2 15 8 1 9 -_ ~ 60+ _ Male 3 1 1 Female 2 1 1 Sood 5-14 Male Female 2 - 1 2 15-59 Male 5 2 2_ Female 2 3 4 J 60+ Male 2 Female 1 Chaudhry 5-14 Male 1 - Female .15-59 Male 1 Female 1 2 60+ Male Female , Agiarwal 5-14 Male Female 1 15-59 Male 1 Female 1 1 60+ Male 1 Female 1 Kaistha -5-14 Male Female 1 15-59 Male 1 FemaIe 1 S -60+ Male 1 Female 1 '127 ApPENDIX TABLE-40-collfd. Distribution 0/ Population by Broad Age-group, Sex, Caste/tribe/Community and Educational Level Educational Level Caste/Tribe/ Broad Age Group ----. ComJl1jJnity IIli- Literate Below Primary Middle Matric P.U.C./ Non- Tech. De~ee terate Primary Hr. Sec./ Tech. Diploma &a ve Inter Diploma ------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 It 12 Mafhotra 5-14 Male Female 15-59 Male - 1 Female 1 60+ Male Female Gupta -. 5-14- Male- - 2 1 Female 2 15-59 Male 1 3 ~ Female 1 2 1 60+ Male Female Saini -5-14 - Mule- Femal~ 15-59 Male 1 Female 1 60+ Male - Fema~ -.- Lohar .-5-14 - Male Female 1 IS-59 Male 2 1 ""'- Female 2 60+ Male Femal~ S-ehgaJ • --'5-14 Male Female 1 .IS-59 Male r- Female - 60+ MaleJ Female S,ayed . 5-14 Male Female -- -·15-59 Male Female .,. ,0+ Male Female 228 ApPENDIX TABLE-40-concld. Distributioll oj Population by Broat! Age-group, Sex, Caste/Tribe/Community and Educationalleve' Educational Level Caste/Tribej Broad Age Group .------"- Community llli- Literate Below Primary Middle Matric P.U.C./ NOll- Tech. Degree terate Primary Hr. Sec./ Tech. Diploma & above Inter Diploma ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pherera 5-14 Male 1 Female 15-29 Male Female 2 3 60+ Male Female Majgotra 5-14 Male Female 15-59 Male 1 Female 1 60+ Male Female - Zheer -5-:...=t4 Male Female 15-59 Male 1 ..Female 60+ Male Female Kohli 5-14 Male 1 Female 15-59 Male Female 1 60+ Male Female Kumhar . 5-14 Male Female 15-59 Male 1 Female 1 60+ Male Female Totai 156 74 158 172 150 156 78 13 5 147 Male 42 46 83 71 90 79 44 ~ 2 4 88 Female 114 28 75 101 60 77 34 11 1 59 SOURCE :. Household Survey data. 1986-87. 229 ~PPEND1X T ABtE-41 Distribution of Studeflfs by 'Educatiollal Level alld Occupatiollal Category ofHead 0/ the Household Educational Level of Student Qccupational Category of Head , ----, of the Household Post J:.,iterate Below Primary Middle Matric Hr. Sec.; Non- Tech. Degree Total Gradu- without Primary Inter/ Tech. Diploma and ate and educa- PUC Diploma not above above tional not equal level equal to to degree degree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 09.1 Own..er. of Medical Store 1 2 2 2 7 031 Junior engineer in H.P.P.W.D. 2 2 070 M.B.B.S. Doctor 3 3 076 Pharmacist in -aovt. Hospital 2 2 5 083 Compounder in Military Dispensary 2 3 085 Trained Dai in Civil Dis- pensary 3 2 1 1 1 8 089 Assistant Unit Officer 1 1 120 Accoimtant 4 1 5 H7 Social Workerin M.C. 1 1 2 4 140 Lawyer 1 1 142 Mun&hi of Advocate 1 1 1 3 149 Private Petition Writer 1 1 150 Teacher in Govt. College 1 3 6 151 Teacher in Senior Sec. Schol 1 1 153 Teacher in Govt. Primary School 2 2 2 6 155 Teaclrer in Tibetan School 159 P.T.I. -in Govt. ..Girls Righ School 1 161 "Editor of Himachal Today 1 1 3 173 Photographer 4 6 210 Junior Accounts Officer (Tel.-Exchange) 3 2 5 211 Deputy Secretary 2 1 3 ? 219 Programme Officer 2 3 230 Bank Manager 3 1 5 250 Owner of Public Carrier 2 3 2 8 251 Manager in Guest House 259..... Manager in Private P..etrol Pump 2 1 3 269 Secretary to Principal in T.C.Y. 2 1 5 300 Section~ Officer .' 2 2 2 8 301 Food &_SupplyJnspector 1 2 302 Assistant in HP Govt. Office . 5 6 5 4 3 23 310 Patwarl 331 Treasurer in 'Handi Craft Centre 1 1 2 331 Head Cashier 1 2 350 Clerk in H.p.F:W.D. 4 3 3 1 2 1 14 358- Peon 2 3 2 8 369 Technical,Super.visor 1 400 Karyana Shopkeeper 1 2 3 3 9 401 Business of Cloth 4 1 1 t 7 409 Grossary Shopkeeper 3 3 ----. 3 11 412 Cement Supplier (Pvt.) 1 2 430 Sweater Scller 5 3 3 2 15 431 Old Books Seller 2 2 4 230 APENDl" T \IlLE-41 "c(lnc/d. {);srrihlll;(l1! of SIt/dellts b) Educatiollal Le,'.?! .,tld O. ,'lfpa/itlflClI Category 0/ Head ~f the HOllse!lOld~ t Educational Level..A. _____ of Studen Occupational Category ()f Head r------..---, of the H')USej~Old jJo~t r,iterate 3e1ow Primary Mid.!I·') \tfatnc Hr. So.::. Non- Tech. Dcgn:e Total lJlauu without Immary hler' Tech. Diploma and ate and cduca- Pl;( Diploma not above above tional not equal level equal to degree to degree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ---- 431 Vegetable Seller . 1 4 439 Depot Holder 2 ! 3 500 Owner Restaurant 3 3 7 520 Cook in 1 .C. V 2 3 5 to 529 Home Foster I 2 541 Sweeper 2 4 2 9 571 Head Constable in Police 2 2 1 6 574 Chowkidar in M .E.S. 2 4 609 Horticulture fnspector 2 3 610 Agriculturer 2 2 5 621 LiveStock 2 1 4 652 Gardner 2 2 4 712 Slate q\larring 2 2 5 718 Slate mine .contractor 2 3 719 Labourer in State Mine 3 lU 13 777 Halwai 2 3 2 9 778 Tea Shopkeeper 3 3 I 7 791 Tailor Shop 3 4 3 2 13 801 Shoes Seller 3 3 811 Carpenter 857 Line Men 1 871 ritter in IPH 3 5 88! Jewellery Shopkeeper 3 920 Owner of Log Printing Press J 950 Road Inspector 2 3 9811 Driver in H.P.P.W.D. 3 1 5 Non-W()rkers 13 17 11 8 2 4 2 58 GRAl'.D TOT.\L 76 121i 7Q 55 21 34 7 400 "N"OTE : Eleven Students of the age group of les>; than 5 years. SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. Api'E:-lDlX Household defaulting in Enrolling School Going Children by Caste/Tribe/Con:unuoity oLhead of Household Number of Number of Households having children Number of Households of school going age (5-14) Households not having an> r------A. .-----., with only child of school Male only Female only Male & male children gOing age Female of school both going age and failing to send them to school 2 3 4 5 6 Rajput 30 19 14 16 1 Brahmin 19 12 13 12 Tibetan 13 7 4 6 Khatri 12 5 1 3 Balmiki ...... 2 4 4 1 1 Mahajan 5 1 5 BadhijDhiman 4 1 2 Sood 2 1 2 2 Gbiritb 3 Choudhry 2 SunarjMehra 2 1 Jat . 1 1 Gupta 1 2 Kabirpanthi 1 1 Chamar . 1 Aggarwal 1. 1 Kaistha ~. Lohar Kanojiya. Nai 1 Malhotra 1 Saini 1 Sayed 1 Sehgal 1 Majgotra 1 Zbeer 1 Kumhar. Phcrera .- --...:__ Kohli Total 101 59 43 57 2 ~- 1'ABLE-4~ Caste or Tribe or Community 0/ Head 0/ Household .. , . -, "::' Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of households households households households households households households households households with only with only and Female having with both with both with both with both with both male child- Female child- children of both male male & male & male and male and male and ren of ren of school go- & female female child- female child- female child- female child- female child- school go- school go- ing age & children renof ren of ren to ren of ren of ing age ing age failing to of school school school school going school going school going and fail- failing to send some going age going age going age age and age and age and jng to send them of them to and fail- and failing and failing failing to failing to failing to send some to school school ing to to send to send send only send only send only of them send both male child- only some female some female male to school to school ren only to male child- children to children to and some school ren to school school females school children to school 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3 1- 2 2 1 1 1 1 - 1 ...... -_1- 1 1 - - 1 1 ~ --~- 5 3 2 3 2 233 ApPENDIX T ABLE-4j bistr[butioll 0/ Households by Migration status and Place 0/ Birth 0/ Head 0/ Household aid Co:npusitio!l by Sex mid Age status 0/ Members (Minor lip to age 14, Adult 15 and abope) Migrati'on status and Place of birth of Number of hou~eholds where____ composition.A.. ______by sex and age of members ---, is head' of household, r- Total Adult male Adult Adult male/ Adult female/ Adult maId Adult female and female male males only females only and minor and minor & minor and maleand/ot male and/or male & female female female female 2 -3 4 5 6 7 8 A Non·migrant (Born in the town) 42 10 1 54 B Migrant I. Born outside-the town but (a) Rural 48 14 11 2 1 3 79 in the district (b) Urban 9 3 1 . 1 14 n. Born within the State in Districts 1. Hamirpl:lr (a) Rural 3 1 4 (b) Urban 3 2 5 2. Una (a) Rural 4 1 5 (b) Urban 3. Chamba (a) Rural 1 1 (b) Urban 2 1 1 4 4. KuHu (a) Rura} (b) Urban 1 1 .,__ 2 5 • Shimla- (a) Rural -=- 1 (b) Urban 1 1 6. Mandi -, (a) Rural 2 1 - 3 (b) Urban 1 1 7. Bilaspur (a) Rural 1 1 (b) Urban 1 1 III. Born in other States : .,.. 1. Jammu & Kashmir (a) Rural 2 3 (b) Urban 2 2 2. West Bengal (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 - 1 3. Punjab-. (a) Rural 5 2 1 - 1 9 (b) Urban 7 ... 2 9 4. Uttar Pradesh (a) Rural 1 1 2 (b) Urban 2 2 S. Haryana _ (a) Rural 3 1 4 (b) Urban 1 1 6. Sikkitn . (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 - 1 IV. Born in other c~untry : 1. Pakistan 13 -U_ 1 2 22 2. Tibet 20 2 2 2 26 3. Nepal 1 1 4. Burma 1 1 Total 172 49 19 7 2 11 260 SOURCIl: Household Survey data, 1986·87. 234 ApPENDIX t ABLB-M Place of Last Reside/lce of Members of Households as related to place 0/ Bird, Place of Birth Place of last residence r __A.. Same as place of birth Different from place or birth , ___-..A.. ___----, ,-----"------Male Female Male Female ------2 3 4 5 Same Place 269 254 33 13 Same District Rural 67 76 52 44 Urban 13 18 13 11 Other Districts of the State: 1. Chamba Rural 1 3 1 1 Urban 2 3 4 4 2. Shimla Rural 1 1 Urban 1 6 4 3 3. Una Rural 5 6 2 4 Urban 1 4. Hamirpur Rural 3 3 4 2 Urban 3 4 3 5 5. Kullu Rural -:: Urban 5 1· 2 1 6. Mandi Rural 2 6 3 Urban 1 2 2 1 7. Bilaspur Rural 2 2 Urban 1 1 - 8. Solan Rural 1 2 Urban 1 Other States 1. Punjab Rural 10 9 3 6 Urban 11 23 8 12 2. Uttar. Pradesh _ ,;;. Rural 3 1 1 3- Urban 2 2 1 2 3. DeIIii (UT) Rural Urban 3 3 1 1 4. Rajasthan Rural Urban 1 1 5. OrisSa Rural " Urban 1 6. West Bengal ""- Rural Urban 1 2 1 1 7. Bihar Rural 1 - Urban 8. Kamataka .- Rural --Urban 1 1 3 9. Jammu & Kashmir Rural 1 2 4 Urban 3 3 2 4 10. Mabarashtra Rural Urban 2 3 11. Haryana Rural 2 1 l Urban 2 1 1 12. Chandigarh (Un Urban 4 1 13. Kerala Rural Urban 1 14. Sikkim Rural Urban 1 Other C_ountry 1. Tibet 5 4 17 19 2. Pakistan 4 4 12 11 3. NepaL 2" 4. Africa . 1 5. Burma 1 Total: 425 443 183 168 SOURCE: Houselwld Survey data. 1986-87. 235 AP1>IlNoix Employment status of Workers by Migration with _* - .. - Place of Last rcsidlSnce Employment -~--~----- Total Workers Employer r -"-----, ,~---"------, Persons Males Females P M F ------2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Non-Migrant 121 79 42 4 4 B. Migrant: I. Last residence outside the town, but within district Kaugra (a) Rural 96 58 38 (b) Urban 28 20 8 n. Last residence outside the di~trict but within State: 1. Chamba (a) Rural 4 3 1 1 (b) Urban 4 2 2 2. Una . (a) Rural 3 3 (b) Urban 4 3 3. Hamirpur (a) Rural 3 1 2 (b) Urban 6 3 3 4. Kullu (a) Rural (b) Urban 15 12 3 1 1 ~. Simla (a) Rural 2 2 (b) Urban 18 13 5 1 1 ..6. Bilaspur . (a). Rural 2 2 (b) Urban 2 2 1. Mandi (a) Rural 1 1 - (b) Urban 6 .4 2 8. Sirmaur (a) Rural .b) Urban-- 1 1 9. Solan .' (:Q Rural (b) Urban 2 2 10. Kinnaur (a) Rural (b) Urban Last residence outside the State but within country: 1. Punjab . (a) Rural 11 10 1 1 1 (b) Urban 24 18 6 2. Chaitdigarh (b) Urban 3 2 1 3. Karnataka . (a) Rural 2 1 1 (b) Urban 3 2 1 1 1 4. Uttar Pradesh (a) Rural ..... --(b) Urban 13 9 4 ,. Dellinu. T.) • ._-(b) Urban 10 8 2 1 1 6, Jammu & Kashmir , , (a) Rural 3 1 2 (b) Urban 8 7 1 7. Sikkim . (a) Rurltl (b) Urban 1 1 ~ 8. West Bengal (a) Rural (b) Urban 4 2 2 236 r(fjerence to place of'/ast Residellce status ~y sex -_------_------single Family , _____Employee.A. ' ___, Worker Worker Cultivator r-----A.----, ,_------.A. --"- P M F P M F P M F P M 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 44 32 12 28 25 3 16 13 3 29 5 24 55 33 22 12 12 10 ·10 19 3 16 21 14 7 6 5 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 4 3 1 ~ 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 11 9 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 11 4 1 1 1 -' 2 2 2 2 1 1 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 -~ 3 2 1 5 5 2 2 13 8 5 7 7 4 3 1 3 2 I 2 1 1 2 1 1 6 5; 1 6 4 2 1 1 4 3 1 S 4 1 3 1 2 -_ 2 1 1 6 6 -- 1 1 -- -r 2 2 2 2 23.7 92-M/S120DCOHP-17 APS01!Nt>vc employment status of Workers by Migration with Place Of Last residence Employment Total Workers Employer ~ ----.. • Persons Males Females P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9. Gujarat (a) Rural (b) Urban 10. Bihar (a) Rural (b) Urban 2 2 11. ABdhra Pradesh (a) Rural (b) Urban 12. Kerala . (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 1 ~ 13. Haryana (a) Rural 2 2 (b) U!~an 2 2 14. Maharashtra (a) Rural (b) Ur~an 3 3 1 1 15. Madhya Pradesh (a) Rural (b) Urban 1 1 16. Rajasthan .. (a) Rural (b) Urb~ 4 4 Last .residence outside the country : 1. Nepal 2 - 1 1 -2. Tibet 9 S 4 3. Pakistan • 6 5 1 1 1 Total 434 299 135 12 12 SOURCE: Household Survey data. 1986-87. 'TABtE-45 Refe,.ence to Place of last Residel1ce status by sex ------Single Family Employee Worker Worker CUltiv~tor r- p M p M F p M F p F ------8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ------..... 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ..... 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 2 2 5 3 2 1 1 4 3 234 • 160 74 9I 79 12 49 40 9 48 8 40 239 91-M/S120DCOHP-17(a) ApPENDIX Migration stages 0/Households Plllccfronrwhore tbe-bouseholrtllaits T6tal ·No. of Number of No. of house- .--_____A.. house- holes 1966-1970 holds migrating 1966 or Directly In two Three Four earlier from the stages Etages or more pl~c~ of stages ongm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kangra (Urban) Nurpur 2 1 -Xangra 4 1 1 Dharmsali 4 -Jawalaji .- -Nagrota -- 3 2 -Palampur - 1 1 .C.B. Yol.-. . 2 1 Debra U 1 R S9 23 4 1 "'Shimla U 6 R 1 1 ..chamba ._. U 6 3 R -Nandi - U 4 R 3 1 _Bilaspur U -- R 1 -Kullu tf 3 1 R- .Una U 1 R 2 1 Sirmaur U 1 ...... R Solan U 1 R -Hamirpur - U S 2 1 _,. R iPoojab "- U 14 3 3 1 :.. R 8 6 Jammu & Kashmir. U 2 1 1 .R 2 1 Rajasthan U 1 1 R Sikkim . U 1 R 1 1 Haryana U 2 I R 2 1 West Bengal U 1 R Mabarashtra U 1 R Arunachal Pradesh U R Uttar Pradesh U 7 2 1 -_ R 1 I Delhi ·(U.T.) . U 1 Chandigarh (Un u 2 Tibet 18 7 1 Pakistan. 11 'I Nepal 1 Honkong 1 Ethopla . 1 Total 192 62 Ifi 5 1 1 SoUt\CB : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 240 TABL!,-46 Hailing from olltslde HOllseholdS migrating 1971-1975 1976 and later .------'--.--- r------.-----~ Directly In two Three Four Directly In two Three Four from the 'stages stages or more stages from the place stages stages or more stages place of origin of origin ------8 9 10 II 13 14 15 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 - "4 3 1 1 2 1 13 8 6 2 24 21 II 22 241 AppmnlX· Broad Category 0/Places/rom where Ihe.YoulfelttJ1d Broad Catecory of place from Time.oC Nlimber of-houlleholds ~re "tIte' l1ameftt>l"'d "bails· Migration Employment Business :~. Seeking employment ---- .------I 2 3 4 5 itallJCll')Urbf.1'l NurpdT • Prior to;:1966 1_ 1966-70 t971-75 1 -- 1976 & later Kl1R~a- .. • Prior to 1966 1966-70 2 -1.971-75 \)976 & later 4.- -1 Dha~'a • • • . Prior to 1966 1966-70 - 1~71-7S 1976 & later Jaw~i • • • --. . -Prior to 1966 ~l966-70 .1971-75 --,- .1976 & later Nagrota P.lior to 1966 - 2- •- ~ • • 1966-70 1 - 1971-75 ~I'976 & later P.a14IllPUT • • , -Prior to 1966 1966-70 - )971-75 1976 & later C.B. Ypl. "Prior to·1966 1966-70 - .1971-75 ]976 & later -_ Dehra- . "Prior to 1966 - -1966-70 -1971-75 1976 & later -1- Kang.... Prior to 1966 11 9 1966-70 1_ L -1971-75 3 1 .J976 & later 21- 3 Slrlmlt- • • • .U Prior to 1966 . "'1~66-70 "'1971-75 1976 & later r -Prior to 1966 _1966-70 1 1971-75 1976 & later ..._, - aratda • _. • • ~ .U Prior to 1966 ~ .1966-70 1 1971-75 I _1976- & later 2 R ""Prior to 1966 - -1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later .... ,_ ~. _, - uz- TABUl-47 Hails, Time and rea8on/or Migration migrating because of Resj~ed from China Pong Migrate Having Retire- Study Due to servIce Aggre- Dam with the ment partition ssion Settle- family property from of country Tibet ment on service Refugee marriage ----- 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 ..... - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 243 ApPENDiX Broad Categol'Y of places, from where the Household Broad Category of place from Time of Migration N umber of households where the Household hails Employment Business Seeking employment ---- _-- I 2 3 4 5 --- Mandi .U <_Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 .~ 2 1976 & later 2 ~~ R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later 2 Bilaspur U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later. R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later KuUu .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later 2 R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later Una .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later 1 Sirmaur . .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1966-70 1976 & later R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1970-75 1976 & later Solau .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later j{ Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later Hamirpur .U Prior to 1966 1 1966-70 1 1971-75 2 1976 & later 3 R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later 244 TABLE-47-contd. Hails, Time and Reason for Migration migrating because of : Resigned China Pong Migrate Haying Ret ire- Study Due to· from Aggre Dam with the ment partition service ssion settle family property from of country Tibet ment on seryice Refugee marriage 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 .-_ 245,· - ApPENDIX Broad Category of Places from wlzel'e the Household Broad Category of place from Time of Migration Number of households where the Household hails Emplo:Ulcn J :usitless Seeking employment ------_- 1 2 3 4 5 Pwijab . .U Prior to 1966 1 2 1966-70 1 I 1971-75 2 1 1976 &: later 3 1 -. R Prior to 1966 2 4 ~ ]966-70 U971-75 1 f1976 & Jater Jammu'" Knbmir • .U Prior to 1966 ]966=70 1971-75 1976 & later R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later Rajasthau • • U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971:'75 1976 & later Siktdm . • .U Prior to ] 966 1966-70 1971=75 1976 &: tater R~ Prior to 1966 1966-70;1 1971-75 1976 & later Hal'Jana • • • .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 &: later R Prior to 1966 1966.70 1971-75 1976 &: later West Bengal • • • .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later R. Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971·75 ]976 & later Mabaruhtra . • .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later R Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later 246 h~,..::.:contd. Hajis~ 'hiM ana Reason for Migration ... ------... migrating becausfi 6r China Pong Migrate Having Retirement Study Due to Aggression Dam with the from service partition Tibet settlement family on property of country Refugee marriage 6 7 8 9- 10 11 12 13 .... 1 1 --_ ,_ -_ 1 -_ 247 APPINDIX. Broad Category of Places from where ,lIfe Househof4 Broad Category'ofplacefrom Time ofMisratioll Nwnber ofhouseholds where the Household hails S~eking employment 1 2 3 4 S Anmachal Pradesh . u; Prior to 1966 «''1- l;;',...... • .. 1966-70 ",t;- ~ • 1971-75 1976 &.. later R Prior to ] 966 1966-70 1971-75 1 1976 & later Uttar Pradesh U Prior to 1966 1 1966-70- I 1971-75- 1 1 1976 & later 2 R Prior to 1966 r] 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later '\ Cllandiiarh U.T. .U Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971·75 1 ]976 & later 1 Delhi U.T. .U Prior to 1966 1966-70- 1971-75- 1976 & later 1 Tibet Prior to 1966 1966·70' 1971·73 1 1976 & later 5 Pakistan, ./ Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 2 1976 & later Nepal Prior to 1966 1966-70 1971-75 1976 & later Hooakong Prior to 1966 1966-70- 1971-75- 1976 & later Ethopia . Prior to ] 966 1966-70- 1971-75- 1976 & Later Total Prior to 1966 25 17 1966-70 1] 3 1971-75 19 4 1976 &-lafer 62 6 1 117 30 1 Squ_rce: Household:Survey data. 1986-87. 24R tABLE--47~oncki. Hails. Time and ReastJl1lor Migration migrating because of " 0'" Resigned from China Pong Migrate Having Retirem<:lnt Study Due to service A ~gres~ion Dam with the rrom service partition Tibet Refugee Settlement family on property of country marriage 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 --_ 7 1 2 1 1 8 ;... ;. ~ _. 1 - ..'~ - - ~ 1 1 1 1 2 8 1 r 1 ..2 -" 3 1 2 ;. '1 3 - r 1 1 4 1 1 11:- 2 5 2 11 4 '8 .' 24~ ApPI!NDIX l'ABLIi-48 Characteristics 0/ Places 0/ Successive Migration 011 Two St(lg(!S by Duration 0/ Stay at each place Characte>ristic5 of Places Ist Stage 2pd Stage r- --. r- --. Duration of Stay No. of Duration of Stay No. of House- House- holds holds 1 2 3 4 5 Village-Village Referrent Less than 1 year Less than 1 year 1-4 years 1 1-4 years 1 5-9 years 1 5-9 years 10 & above years 1 10 & ab.ove years 2 V..i:llage-Small TO\!Ul-Rt. Less tllan 1 year Less than 1 year 1-4 years 2 1-4 years 1 5-9 years 5-9 years 10 & above years 1 10 & above years .2 Vi!lagu-Mcdium Town-at. Less than 1 year Less than 1 year 1-4 _years 1-4 years 5-9 years 1 5-9 years 10 & .above years 1 10 & above years 1 Viilap-City·Rt. Less than 1 year Less than r year 1-4 years 1-4 years 5-9 ¥eru's 5-9 years 1 G 10 &.abovo years 3 10 & aboY.fl year 5 .2 Sman Town-Village-Rt. Less than 1 year Less than 1 year 1-4 years 2 1-4 years 5-9 years 5-9 years 10 & above years 2 10 & above years 4 Small Town-SmaU-Town-Rt. Less than 1 year Less than 1 year 1-4 Yeru;s 2 1-4 years :I 5-9 years 3 5-9 years 10 & above years 1 10 & above years, 4 <;,1Y-Medium TO\YJl-Rt. Less .than 1 year Less tbao-l year 1--4~ 1-4 yoam 5-9 years S-9 yC8IS 10 & -above years 1 10 & above yean 1 Cftr-CitJ·at. Less than 1 year Loss than 1 year 1-4 year 1-4 yoal'S S-91ear8 1 5-9 years 10 & above years 10 & above ycam 1 touDtry-Villap.llt. Less than 1 year Less than 1 you 1-4 years 1-4 years I 5-9 yCIIItB 3-9 years 10 & above years 1 10 c% abovo yoarp 250- , APPBNDix 1A~!i-4~ Characteristics of Places of Successive Migration on 2)ro S._' b)'.PIJMII~n "I ~.(4Y. tJ1.1!~".'1«8 ------~~~~------.--.------~.~-~J Characteristics of Places 1st St~ 284· ,sa,_s r-- . Duration of Stay Duration of Stay ----- it°'ptoUJeo qqJ,dp " 2 3 4 s Country-Smail Town-Rt. Less than 1 year Less than 1 Yellr 1-4 years 1-4 years 1 5-9 years S...... ,,~ea.rs 10 & above years- 1 -10 &:above years Country-Medium Town-Rt. Less than 1 year ~ than 1 year 1-4 years 1-4 years 1 5-9 years 5-9 ,years 1 10 & alrove years 3 10 &; above years 1 Country-City-Rt.. . Less than 1 year ,,~Ihan 1 year 1-4 years ~-4·-¥eu5 5-9 years 2 5-9 years 1 10 & above yearS 1 10 &. above yun '2 Less than 1 year Country-City.Rt. Less than 1 year ..., 1-4 years t-4 yoars 5-9 years ~r-21~ 10 & ab~e year!... 2 J 0 (I. above Yelf.l"S Total Less than 1 year lMI(han 1 year ...1.--4 years 7 -'}-4:y..., 9 5-9 years 9 d-QlpaCS S 10 & above years.. 19 1;0. ,l;.above years " 21 - SOURCE: Household Suwey data, 1986-87. ApPENDIX TABLE--49 ~P~bperty at the Place fr/l1il~vhefe Mfg?ated by Description of the Place, Distance and Duration of Stay ~":":""::'" - , ..... -1" Place from where migrated Distance Number of Hduseholds not having property Numberof HouseholJs having proporty in Kms. at.pJac~ from where migrated who are residing from where migrated who are residing in the i~ the presen t place present place f , --. Less 1--4 5-9 10·-19 20+ Less 1-4 5-9 10-19 20+ 1 Yr. years years years years 1 yr. years years Years years 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kanira (U) 10 or less 2 2 10-20 1 1 2 2 21-50 2 2 51-100 1 1 1 1 101-200 1 1 (R) 10 or Less 1 1 10--20 1 1 1 2 2 21-50 1 4 4 7 50-100 1 1 1 4 1 5 5 8 101-200 1 $.himla (U) 201-500 2 1 2 1 (R) 201-500 1 Chamba. (U)IOI-Zoo 1 1 2 2 Maodi . tU) 51"-100 1 101-200 1 201-500 1 1 - .. (R) 51-100 1 101-200 1 201-500 1 Bitaspur (R) 101-200 1 Kullu (U) 201-500 1 1 Ul1a • (U) 101-200 1 (R) 51-100 1 101-200 ,1 Sirmaur • (R) 201-500 1 Solan (R) 201-500 1 Hamirpur (U) 51-100 1 1 1 3 Punjab (U) 50-100 1 1 1 101-200 1 2 1 1 1 201-500 -....::::-- 1 1 501+ 1 (R) 101-200 1 2 4 201-500 1,.1 Jammu & Kashmir (U) 201-500 1 1 (R) 201-500 2 252 ApI'llNDtx TABLIl-49 Property at tIlt' Plact' [10111 Illhere Migrated by DescrfptillJl 01 the Place. DMlIlICI! and Daration oj Stay Place from where migratcJ Di,tance Number of Households nut having property -Sumber of HouseholJs having property in KIll~. at place from where migrated who arc from where migrated who are residing in residing in the pre.;ent place the present place ______A., __ r-- _-- _.. i r-- .A... ---, Less 1-,4 5- ·9 1()- 19 20 Less 1--4 5-9 10- ·19 20 J yr. years years years years 1 yr years years years years _l. _ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ----- Uttar Pradesh (U)201-500 50H 2 (R) 501 ... · 2 Delhi (U T) (U) 501 ... Rajasthan (F) 501 Sikkim (R) 501 J Haryana (U) 101- 200 1 201-500 1 (R) 201-500 Chandigarh (UT) (0) 201-500 1 West Bengal (U) 501 t Maharashtra (U) 501 - 1 Arunachal Pradesh (R) 501"';- 1 Tibet 501+ 1 4 2 4 7 Pakistan. 501-1- 7 2 Nepal 501+ 1 Hongkong 501 -\ Ethopia . 501-! Total 3 13 IS 24 40 5 16 12 31 32 SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 253 92.-MiSI200COHP-18 APPENDIX Arrangement for SupervisIon ~nd Migration 0/ Prdpcrty by Dista nee 0/place ~ t~\ .. D~'ohlla(O:e of Total No. of Households staying in residence No. of,Households staying in resid 'nce 5-9 miptiQD (in kIns.) No. of 0-4 years & made arrangement for superVision years & made arrangement for supervision house holds having By Self Uncle Relative Bataif Servant By Self Uncle Relative Batai/ property family half family half in place members member ftom where migrated 1 .2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 10 11 12 13 10 or less 6 1 1 2 1 ll-lO -11 3 1 %1-5,9 16 4 1 SI-1oo -33 4 ·s 3 101~2oo 14 1 1 :01-500 13 5 2 501+ 3 1 Total 96 _17 3 1 11 S Sou-.CJI : H_ousehol_? Survey data, 1986-87. 254 T.uLl!-50 Migration alld Duration 0/ Stay in the Present B~sidelJce No. of Households staying in resiqence.tQ-J9 years and made No of Households staying.in residel,1ce wtmore.ycars made arrangement for supervis~on arrangement for sllpervision - ~ " .------, r------~------~ B'y family ,Self t]ncle ~~lative ~~tai/half No Jly family ,self Uncle Relative Batai/half No members super- ..membxrs ~uper. ~~ ~oo 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ..r 24 ..f.5 J>,~_ .. " . w"l 1 1 1 1 1 .1 4 6 1 8 1 1 4 5 1 -r- ' 1 3 1 7 1 3 1 1 1 !:r 1 1 20 3 1 1 1 20 7 2 3 ')"1"" 255 Al'l'ENt)IX Unit of Migration as Related to place 0/ last Residence, .. . ~, - '- Number of Households whose place of Religion and Castes/Tribes/Community KANGRA .., URBAN RURAL Male All at Male Only Only All at Male Only working a time working female male a time working female members members working working members working only only members members first other members follow 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ---. HINDU 1. Rajput 3 3 4 6 2. "Brahmin 1 4 3 7 1 1 3.~Kanojiya I 4. Dhiman/Badhi S. Nai - . 1 6. "Kabirpanthi 1 1 7. Chamar : 2 8. Mahajan 9. Balmiki 1 1 1 10. _Mehra/SunIU" 11. Ghirith 1 1 12. Khatri -, 3 13. Sood 1 1 1 14. Chaudhry 1 1 IS. Aggarwal 16. Kaistha 1 17. Malhotra • 18. Gupta 19. Lohar 1 20. Sehgal 21. Pherera 1 22. Kohli 1 23. Zheer 24. Kumhar 25. Jat 1 SIKH 1. Jat 1 2. Saini 3. Mabajan 4. Majgotra . MUSUM 1. Sayed BUDDHIST 1. Tibetan Total 3 10 5 1 9 20 8 1 256 TABLE-51 Religion and Caste or Tribe or Community r last residence was ,'______----A., HAMIRPUR______--, , SHIM LA ------~.------URBAN RURAL ____,__URBAN RURAL ,------~------~ r .....A.--, ,--- -, c- --, Only Male All at Male work- All at Male work- All at Male work- Female All at Male working a time ing members a time ing members a time iug members working a time working members only first members members first 10 ]2 ]3 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 ---. 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 L ___ _ 1. 3 1 1 ---. 1 -_ -:2. 1 2 3 2 12 1 1 -1 1 257 ApPENDIX Unit of Migration as Related to Place of last Residence, Number of Households whose place of MANDl CHAMBA- BILASPUR:- KINNAtfR ,- --"-___-. ,----A. ,- ,-~ URBAN RURAL URBltN- RURPrL URBAN RURAf:. ~----, ,---A.__ -. ..----"-----, ,------"--. ,---'-___• ,---A..----, R~ligion and Castes/Tribes/Community All-at Male All at *II at Male All at Ma-Ie- AU at a time working' a time a time working a time working a time members members members only first, others follows 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 , ... / HINDU 1. Rajput ., 1 2 1 1 1 2. .Brahmin 1 1 i 1 1 3. Kanojiya 4. Dlitman/Badhi-. 5. Na'i 6. Kltbirpanthi 7. Cl'ramar 8. Mithajan 1 1 -1 9. Bimniki I 10. MShra/Sunar . 11. Gliire th 12. Knatri 13. Sood 14. C6iiudhry 15. Aggarwal 16. Krustha ]7. MaThotra 18. Gupta 19. Lonar 20. Sebgal 21. Pherera 22. KOIili 23. Zlieer 24. Kumhar - 25. Jat~ SIKH 1. Jat ~ 2. Saini 3. Manajan 4. Mijgotra MUSLIM 1. Sayed,. 1 ...... BUDDHIST 1. Tibetan 2 Total 2 1 8 2 1 ~~8 T ItJWl-Sl-contd. Re/{g~on and Caste or Tribe or Community last residence was Uli~ SOLAN LAHUL & SPITI SIRMAUR KULLU r·~,------~------, r------~------·~--~ r--A.-----, r--..A.---;---, r------J'------. RJ-IRAL RURAL URBAN RURAL RURAL RURAL URBAN r _ r---A..------, , ______....A.. _____-, r--..J,-----.. r-...... A.-;-, r-----.J...------, ~_..A..____. A!l at a fime Only Male Male work- Only Male All at All at Only Male Male All at Male first working ing members working a time a time working working a time otbers members first.others members members members follow follow only ------_ ------28 29 30, 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 .- 1 .- -. - .1 1 1 - - ...... - r- 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 3 259 ApPENDIX Unit of Migration as Related to Place of last Resiaence. Number of Households whose place of PUNJAB HARYANA URBAN RURAL URBAN , , ~--"--r-, ,--A. ~eligion and Cast~sJTribes/Community Only male All at Male first All at Male first Male All at Male for working a time others a time others working a time studies only members follow follow members 1 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4S lINDU 1. 'Rajput 3 1 1 2. Brahmin - 6 1 I- I 1 3. -Kanojiya 4. Dhiman/Badhi - - 1 5. :bTai 6. .Kabirpanthi 7.-Chamar 8. -Mahajan - 1 9. Balmiki 1 O. Mehra/Sunar 1 1. Ghirith 2. Khatri 1 I- I 1 3. Sood 4. Chaudhry ~. Aggarwal 1 6. Kaistha _- 7. Malhotra 8. Gupta 9. Lohar O. Sehgal 1. Pherera , 2. Kohli . 3. Zheer 4. Kumhar 1 .5. Jat :IKH LJat - 2 . ..saini " 3.. Mahajan _ - 4. Majgotra 1 MUSLIM "sayed ~ -~ 3UDDHIST 1. ..Tibetan Total 4 10 3 4 2 I 3 1 ~6Q T ABLE-51-contd. Religion and caste or tribe or Community last residence was KERALA UTTAR PRADESH JAMMU & KASHMIR DELHI GUJARAT ,----"-----, ,------"'------, , , -"'------, ,-----A-----, URBAN URBAN URBAN RURAL URBAN ' RURAL , ______.A...... ______, , ______J.,. ____-, ,_=-----.A.-----, r------~,-~------~ r----J~___. ,--"----. All at All at Male Male All at Male Husband & Male All at Male a time a time working working a time working wife at a time working a time working members members first, others members members only follow only only 46 47 48 .49 50 51 52 53 54 55 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 =-1 1 3 1 8 3 1 1 1 3 261 t\BPI>~ Unit 0/ Migratiofl as Related to Place 0/ las! Residrnce, Number of Households whose place of BI1f4R CHANDI- KARNA-. MAHA- siKtOM GARH TAK_A RASHTRA r---..A.. r---:A--,,---'---,r---"---, r- -"------., ~ AU at HusbaM Only, Male All at All at All at Male All at a t~ 8(WAfe working a time a time a time working a 'time members. first, others fellow ------1 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 HINDU 1. Rajput 1 1 1 1 2. Brahmin 3. Kanojiya 4. Dhiman/Badhi 5. Nai 6. Kabirpanthi 7. Chamar- 8. Mahajan 9. Balmiki' 10. MebrajSunar 11. Ghirath 12. Khatri 1 i3. Sood 14. Chaudhry . 15. Aggarwal 16. Kaistha 17. Malhotra 18. Gupta 19. Lobar lO. Sehgal 21. Pherera 22. Kobli 23. Zheer 24. Kumhar 25. Jat SIKH 1. Jat 2. saini 3. Mahajan 4. Mlijgotra • _. MUSLIM 1. Sayed • BUDDHIST 1. Tibetan 1 1 1 2 ~otal 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 SOUllCll ; llous~old Survey data. 1986-87. TABLE-51-concld. Religion and Caste or Tribe or Community fast residence Was M.P. RAJASTHAN HONGKONG PAKISTAN NEPAL .-_____TIBET..A-- ---, ZAMBIA RURAL .-.A.---, ,.___ -A.. __---, .---A.----., ,--''------.,---''______' , _____--A. _____-, ,-----A..-----, All aL All at Male All at All at All at" A11 ~t Male All at All at a time a time a time working a time a time a time a time working a time members members first, others only follow 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 -. 1 2 1 "I ---1 -_ 1 3 I" 1 5 "1 "3 I" 263 ApPENDIX Help Received/rom Various Sources by Religion and Caste or Tribe or Community and Religion and Castes/Tribes Total or Community of Head of No. of Number of households hailing from place that received help during settlement from last household House- residence outside the Town but within the distrkt holds ~------_-_-----_-__ -, Co-Villagers Relations Religious in- Caste Employing Other , __..A..._------, stitutions association agency ,-----"------, ,__,<..._ ----, ,---...A..~ ... r------"------, ~_..A..---. R U R U R U R U R U R U 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 HINDU 1. Rajput 4 1 1 1 II. Brahmin 2 2 m. Khatri 1 IV. .Badhi/Dhiman 1 - V. Sunar/Mehra 1 VI. ~Aggarwal 1 VII. Ghirith 1 1 VIII. -Kumhar -1- IX. Balmiki - 1 1 Total 13 1 4 2 SIKH I. Jat .~ 1 Total " 1 BUDDHIST 1. Tibetan .~ Total 2 Grand Total 16 1 4 2 Last residence in other States Roligion and Castes/Tribes . . 01' Community of Head of Ht\.RYANA household ,'---' Co-Villagers Relations Religious insti Caste ------,Employing Others tutions association agency ...------"'------. ~----'----, ,..---A------, R U R U R U ------_------_.27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 IDNDU I. Rajput II. Brahmin III. Khatri . IV. Badhi/Dhiman V. -Sunar/Mehra VI. Aggarwal 1 VII. Ghirith VIII. Kumhar 1 IX. Balmiki ( Total 1 SIKR- I. Jat Total -_ BUDDHIST J. Tibetan Total Grand Total 1 264 'fABLE-52 State/ District from which the Household hails Last residenCe outside the district but within the State ------~ UNA .A.______~- ______~ Co-Villagers Relations Religious institutions Caste association Employing agency Others r--~ ~-----. r-____.A.------, ..-----"------, ,--A.-----. r---A.-----, R U R U R U R U R U R U 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ------ 1 1 1 -, Last resiOence in other States PUNJAB e.1! 1 f Co-Villagers Relations Religious institutions Caste association Employing agency Others ,.-.--A-----, ,- ~ ,-----A---. r-______"___' ,___A.._----. ~ R U R - U R U -R U R U R U 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 1 1 J 1 1 2 1 265 ~ ApPlNDlX Help Received from Various Sources by Religion and Caste- or Tribe or Comnmni!y and Stat~/District Last residence in Religion and Castes/TribeS r------___-~..".-- __._A. or Community of Head of PAKISTAN ._____ .A. ______~-_~ ___ household Co-Villagers Relations 'Religious insti- Caste Employing Other5 tutions association agency 51 52 53 54 ..55 56 HINDU I. Rajput II., Brahmfn .: m. Khatri - 1 IV. Badhi/Dhiman V. SunarjMebra VI. Aggarwal VR. Ghirith VIII. KUmhar lX. Balmiki Total 1 SIKH L rat Total .BUDDHIST I. -'fi&.tan -'Total ._) Orand Total - 1 !J. "SOUllCB : 1rousenold Survey data, 1986:87. 'f'A'iLE-52-conc!d. from which the Household Hails either country Tm'ET ------, ~------_._------, Co-Villagers Relations Religious insti- Caste Employing agency Others tutions associatioo 57 58 59 61 62 1 1 1 1 1 1 MPI!NDtx. Distribution of Members Classified hy Age. Sex and Relationship Number of Persons who are r- Age Group Head Wife Son Bro- Son's Bro- Daugh- Sister Daugh- Sister's Father Mother Son's Son's of ther Wife ther's ter ter's husbancl Son daughter Hou- wife husband se- hold 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0-9 95 76 26 26 10-14 50 52 3 4 15-24 5 8 77 5 5 78 2 25-44 85 110 35 2 28 i 7 45-;-59 75 54 1 1 2 60+ 48 15 1 2 8 Age not stated • Total 213 187 257 7 34 2 213 3 1 2 10 31 30 ApP'£NDIX Distribution o/members Classified by Age. Sex and Relationship Number of persons who are related Age Group /Head Husband Son Brother Son's wife '" of house- hold 1 2 3 4 5 6 0-9 10 10-14 8 15-24 r 14 3 23-44 19 3 17 12 4'-59 18 2 3 1 2 60+ 9 1 Az,e not stated -...,.. Total 47 6 52 1 1., SOURCE : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 268 tABLB-53 to Head 0/ the Household where the Head is Male related to head of household as ~,------.------Bro- Bro- Sister's Sisler's Sister's Sister's Daugh- Daugh- Bro- Friend Father's Mother- Relative Servant Scrvant., ther's ther's daugh- Son Son's Son's ler's ter's ther's (Male) Bro- in- (Female) (Male) (Femaly) Son daugh- ter Son daugh- daugh- Son Daughter's ther's Law ter tcr ter husband Sister 16 17 18 19 20 _21 22 23 24 25 "26 27 28 29 30 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 \- 3 4 2 2 3 1 5 2 TABLE-54 to Head of HousehDld to______Head of Household --A------______.______------., Brotber's Daughter Sister Father Mother SO}l'S Son's Servant Daughter's Husband's wife Son Daughter (Male) Daughter Mother .7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 6 11 11 4 2 2 19 5 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 ---4- 1 - 32 2 2 19 15 2 1 _- 92-LjS120DCOlt.l'.-19 ApPEND! " bislribllllon 0/ Households by Clisle Tribe/Collimunity 0/ Head of Number of Househulds where head 0 Type of household Rajput Brahmin KanoJia Nai Badhi Tibetan, Buddhbt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------1. Nuclear 41 31 3 20 2. Supplemented nuclear 2 5 2 3. Sub nuclear 12 2 1 1 4. Single Person . 3 2 6 -27Q TABLE-55 Household by type of HOII. household belongs to Kabir Mahajan Chamar Gupta Jat Sunarl Khatri Aggarwal Sood panthi Mehra 8 9 10 11 12 13 14- 15 16 6 7 3 1 10 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 11 2 3 3 3 21 2 7 92-L/S120DCOH.P.-19(a) 271 APPliNDlX Distribution of Households by Caste/Tribe/Community of head of No. of householas where head of Type of household Chaudhry Knistha Malhotra Lohar Saini Sayed 17 18 19 20 21 22 1. Nuclear 2. Supplemented nuclear 3. Sub nuclear 2 4. Single Person ., 5. Supplemented Subnuclear 6. Collateral Joint 7. Supplemented Collateral Joint 8. Lineal Joint 9. Supplemented Lineal Collateral joint . 10. Lineal Collateral joint 11. Supplemented Lineal Collateral joint. 12. Self (Female) Cnmarried sister . 13. Self (Female) married son, son's wife & unmarried son's son daughter 14. Self (Male) married son and son's wife, unmarried soo's daughter 15. Nuclearwithservant 16. Self (Female) son, son's wife, son's son, son's daughter, son's son daughter, servant 17. Lineal and servant . 18. Self (Female) married son, son's wife, unmarried children, widow daughter's daughter 19. Self, spouse with unmarried son's daughter widow brother & other relatives of parents & unmarried daughter . . . 20. Self (Female) son's wife, married son, son's wife, unmarried - 'son's daughter & male servant . 21. Self (Female) widow, mother & unmarried son 22. Self (Female) mother 23. Self (Male) son's son 2·t Self (Male) Daughter-in-law 25. Self (Male) cousin 26. Self, spouse, son's daughter 27. Self (Male) F/Brothcr's sister, brother's daughter's husband, B/ daughter, Brother's daughter's daughter . . . . 28. Self (Female) unmarried son 29. Self (Maleffriend 30. Self (Female) unmarried daughter's son and widowed hus- band's mother ...... 31. Self. spou~e, married daughter, daughter's daughter's son 32. Self (Male) mar~ied siste~, never married sister, sister's son's .wife, never marned son, sister son/daughter. . .'. 33. Self, spouse, daughter's daughter's husband, daughter's dau- ghter, daughter ...... 34. Self (Female) sister, daughter and son 35. Self, spouse, son, son's wife married sisters, son, son's sou --' 36. Self, spoiise, daUghter, son, brother, brother's son 37. Self son's wife -. 38. Selp, sp6mle, married son & unmarried son. 39. Self, spolEe, married son and married daughter and unmarried son 40. Self, spouse, unmarried son's SOil Total 3 2 2 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-78 272 TABLE-55 concld. Household by type oj Household householo belongs to Sehgal Majgotra Zheer Kumhar Balmiki Ghirith Pherera Kohli Total 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10 144 12 24 15 1 1 1l 5 10 2 4 I ~ 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 11 4 260 27~ ApPENDIX HOllseho Ids, whose Famil)' Members (Ire STaying Outside by ------.------Religion and Caste/Tribei Community Numb;r of Househald~ ,------Total number Same Town 50 or less of households --- 2 3 4 ------HINDU Rajput 31 2 ]0 Brahmin 24 5 Nai Mahajan 4 Balmiki , 3 Khatri 10 Aggarwal Sood 3 K"aistha Gup(a I Dhiman Ghirith Lahar Sehgal Chaudhry Zheer Kohli 1 Kumhar 87 2 24 SIKH Jat Majgotra 1 2 1 MUSLIM Sayed BUDDHISM Tibetan 15 Total 105 2 2S ,SOURCE: Household Survey dafa, 1986-87. 274 J AUL~-JlJ Religion and Caste or Tribe or Commltnity and Distance of last Residence of Head of Household whose family members are staying outside and where distance of place of la~t resideac 5 6 7 8 9 5 4 8 2 4 6 9 2 2 4 2 14 14 28 3 2 2 4 5 4 14 18 32 8 6 ApPIlN»IX Particulars of Persons Stayim? outside by Occupation of Occupation of head of homehold Total No. Number of hO'Jsehold~ whose m'!mbers staying outside are related of f-·------·~---'------households Father Mother Son Daughter Brother ---- 2 3 4 5 (1 7 ---- 1. Labourers in Slate Mines . 2. Shopkeeper Karyana 2 2 3. Trained Dai . 4. Teacher M.A.B. Ed. 5. Gardener 6. Teclmician Telephone 2 7. Livestock rearing 8. Weavers 3 9. Programme Officer 2 2 2 10. Salesman-Handicraft 1 11. Old books & Stationery Shop 2 12~ Prop.fOwner Restaurant ~ 2 2 2 13. Planning Officer 14. Carpet weaver ] 5. Deputy Secretary 16. Chairman Society 1 17. Peon 3 2 1 2 J 8. Readymade Garment Shop 1 19. Crockery shopkeeper 1 20. Clerks 4 2 3 21. Asstt. Supdt. NSSO 1 1 2 22. Owner of Medicine shop ,2 2 2 23. Tailoring shop 1 24. Instructor-cum-Incharge 1 1 25. Secy. Sponsorship 1 1 - 26. Home Foster 1 27. Teacher Infant School 28. Section Officer 3 2 t 29. Accountant 2 2 2 30. Editor 1 31. Head Cashier 1 1 32. Primary Teacher . 2 '/ 33. Bank Manager 2 2 34. Hindi Teacher 1 1 35. Secy. M.e. 1 36. Jeep Driver 37. Work Inspector PWD 2 38. Ladies Health Visitor - 27Q TABLE-57 Head of H?'lfeha!rl~ Gild Nature of R~lr.tioll with Head of HOl/sehold to head of household as ------Sister - Wife S/wife Husband D/Daughter SIson D/Husband S/Daughter BISon H/Father 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 ------ 1 \_ 1 1 277 A, PPE::--IDl X Particulars of Persons Staying olltside by Occi/pation of Occupation of head of household Total No. of N~mber of hom~holds whose members staying outside households r------Father Mother Son Daughter Brother --- 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---- 39. Daily wages worker 40. J.E. Civil ~ 2 2 2 41. Patwari 1 42. Cloth Merchant 1 43. General Merchant 2 44. Lecturer/Professor 2 1 45. Junior Accounts Officer 2 2 5 46. Chartered Accountant 47. Pharmacist 2 2 2 2 48. Supdt. 49. Assistant 2 50. Registrar 2 51. Social Worker 52. Orderly Session Court 53. P.TJ .. 54. Chowkidar 55. Manager Petrol Pump 3 5Q. Inspector Police 1 57. Vegetable shop 2 2 2 2 58-:- Assistant Unit Officer 1 2 59. Lab. Attendant 60. Sweeper 2 61. Medical Practitioner 62. Constable Police 1 All Workers 84 26 49 30 18 28 Non-workers 21 2 13 3 All Category J 105 26 51 43 21 28 SOURCE: Household Surve}:data. 1986-8J. ~78 TABLE"57-concld. Head of Households alld Nature of Relation with Head of HOllsehold are related to heads of household as ______...A- ______~ Sister Wife S{Wife Husband D/Daughter SISon D{Husband S{Daughter B{Son H/Father 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ~ 15 16 17 2 1 1 1 5 8 - 1 6 2 1 1 1 9 1 1 5 8 2 15 1 3 1 1 279 ApPENDIX Parti('u/al's 0/ Family Members Staying Outside who are Number of Persons staying outside who are related to Educational Level ,- Father Mother Son Daughter Brother 2 3 4 5 6 Illiterate 11 36 4 2 Literate without Educational level 3 3 Below Primary 4 3 Primary 3 6 4 3 3 Middle 3 2 5 3 3 Matric and equivalent 4 3 3 2 2 Intc-rmediate, Pre-university & Hr. Secondary- 5 3 10 Non-Technical Oiploma Not equal to Degree Tcchnica \ Diploma not equal to Degree Degree and above 2 21 4 4 Total 26 51 43 21 28 SOURCE: Household Survey' data, 1986-87. ApPBNDIX Particulars 0/ Non:lVorker Family Members who are Slaying outside by Members who are related to head of Nature of activity of Non-worker Family ... members Staying outside Father Mother Son Daughter Brother 2 3 4 5 6 Dependent 12 33 4 3 Household Duty 13 Student 17 14 10 Seeking Job -- -_ 3 RetiredjRentier 2 All Non-Workers 14 46 22 17 13 SoURCE: Household Survey datu, 1986-87. 280 TABLE-58 related to Head of HoilSehold he;ld______of !lOuschold as _A._~______- -. ------_._- ---- .... Sister Wift: SjWifc Husballd DjDaughter S/sun D':lL,gh:e(, Sum/ Bi",)til.~;-·,,_ '-lusb':l:1d'· Husband Daught';r :>0; Father 7 s 9 Ip 11 12 13 14 15 16 4 2 2 2 1 6 2 5 5 8 2 15 3 TABLE-59 Nature of Activity and Relationship to Head of Household household______as .A.- ______-----, Sister Wife Son's Husband Daughter's Son's Daughter's Son's Brother's Husband's wife daughter son husband daughter son Father --- 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 j4 15 16 _------1 2 4 2 1 1 4 5 1 2 281 ApPENDtx Particulars (~/ Family il4ell,bers Stuying Out Number of f"amil) Men:bcrs Occupation ,------_._ (N.C.O. 3 Digit) Father :--10,her Son Daughter Brother :2 3 4 5 6 ---- I. Cultivator 5 5 2 4 2. Teacher J.B.T. 3. Teacher H.S. 4. Teacher Balwari 5. 1 eacher Crafts 6. Asstt. Director A.R.C. 7. Doctor M.B.B.S. 2 8. Tibetan Army 9. Staff Govt. of Tibet 10. Street Vender . 2 11. Shopkeeper Agri. tools 12. Karyana Shop 13. Clerk 4 ._ 14. Superintendent 15. Inspector (Horti.) 16. Sub rnspector (Police) 17. Supplier (Buildillg Branch) 18. Ice Factory Worker. 19. Secunty Guard 20. Representative Lipton Tea 21. Business Contractor 22. Peon 1 23. Hawaldar (Army) 2 2 24. Captain (Army) 25. Assts. (Election Office) 26. Engineer (Navy) 27. Accountant 28. Medical Clinic 29. Salesman (Pvt. Business) 30. Coach of Basket Ball 31. Distt. Welfare Officer 32. Printing Press (Owner) 33. Supervisor (Plug Factory) 2 34. Head Constable --. 35. Manager Pvt. Firm 36. Manager 37. Dartry!DBI , 1 38. Professor All Category 12 5 21 4 15 SOURCE; Household Survey data, 1986·87. -282 - TA'3LE-of) side hy Nature of Occupation alld Re/atiollsltip With Head of HOlIs£!lOld StaYlIlg out side who are related to Head of Household ------_._ Sister Wife SjWife Husband DtDaughter SISon D/Husband S/D:ll'ght.:f H Father 7 s 9 10 II 12 13 ILl l'i 1!1 2 2 2 3 IS 1 283 ApPENDIX Rcmilfal1cP\' Sellt by HOII::.clzolds to Absentee FaTllily Relationship with Number Number Average amount ill R'i, sent by each household to .lbsentee mcmber, hcad of Household of of ,------Households ahsenttee Same Other (own" of the Rural Othcr family town district arcil~ r--_ ------members separa Ie r----...A.--- '---, of the Chamba Kullu household Palampur Kangra district ,-____...A. ___, r- .. _ _.A.", ___---, Rural Urban Rural Urbal1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 I 1. Father 26 26 1,600 L_ 2. Mother 51 51 "i00 1,590 3,000 3. ~on 40 43 1,000 3,500 60(1 4. Danghter 19 21 1,000 5,400 3,600 1,333 600 600 5. Brothcr 25 28 2,500 6. Sistcr 5 5 1,000 7. Wife 7 7 500 1,200 8. S/Wife 2 :2 9. Husband 15 15 10. D/Daughter 1 11. S/Son 3 3 12. D/Husband 1 1 13. S/Daughtt:r 1 14. BISon 1 15. H!Father 1 SOURCE: Hou5chold Survey data, 1986-87. APPENDIX RemIttances Sellt by Households to Abselltee NOll-Working Family Members Relationship with No. of house- Number of absentee Average amollnt in Rs, sent by head of household holds non-working members Full time Household student duties -_-- ---_------2 3 4 5 ------1- Father 4 4 1. Mother 16 16 1,966 3. Son 12 13 4,545 4. Daughter 9 15 3,155 5. Brother 4 6 1,100 6. Sister 2 3 500 1,000 7. Wife c 2 2 850 8. Son's Wife • Ie 9. Husband 10. Daughter's Daughter .- 4,800 It. Son's Son .- • 12. Daughter's Husband 13. Husband's Father SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 2S4 '; ..... 1 ;l 1ABLE-6i M;lllber~~Clllssijied /,Jy Reill/iol/ship to Hedd 0/JfiJuseflO}d and Presem Address whose present address IS " J districts of,tpc Slate Other Stat.::s ._------, r-~------.A.. -, Hamirpur Shimla Una Chandigarh West Punjab Karnataka Delhi Rajasthan , __-..A.---, r-----'---, .--__.A.. ___, Benga I Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban -----_- 12 13 14 15 16 17 18. 19 20 il 22 l3 1,500 1,200 1,200 1,500 1,200 1,209, ,. - •.::¥"" 4,800 5,400 7,200 -'7,200 4200 6,000 1,200 7,200 1,200 ~ 4,800 .. .. / 2,400 TABLE-62 Classified by Natllre of activity and relutlv,.,,,,p lV.m ut:uu UJ uvusellmu each householG. to absentee non-working members whose activity is _.A..- •_____ ~_--_-- Dependent Infant -Disabled Retired Rentier of Beggar Vegerant Inmates of Seeking Job Independent Institution means 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ------1,475 1,118 4,200 1,000 ...... 2,233 _- 2,400 92-L/S120DCGH,P. -20 285 APPflNDIX Eouseholds Classified by Number 0/ Mqrried Couples Withollt Other Memb;rs A!(ed Classification of Households Total Total Households Occupy- Households Occupy- Households occUPY- No. of No. of ing one room ing two rooms jng Three rooms House- members ,--~------, ,----"- ,----"----, holds No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of House- members House- members House- members holds holds holds 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 One married couple (a) Without other members aged 5 and above 24 65 8 24 9 24 3 9 (b) With other members aged Sand above 158 793 31 159 51 258 21 105 Two married couples (a) With other members aged 5 and above ~ (b) Without other members aged 5 and above . 21 171 7 4 33 1 6 l'hree married couples (a) Without other members aged 5 and above 1 7 (b) With other members aged 5 and above 5 58 2 28 Four married couples (a) Without other members aged 5 and above (b) With other members aged 5 and above Total 209 1,094 40 190 64 315 27 148 NOTE: 51 Households with the population of 124 persons are not having any married couple. SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. TABLE-63 5 and aIJ01c. with other /1/clI1,')('r, 41;('(/ '\ llll! n"ill P \ '1lIlhcl I //{Of,/11 r)rCtl/11c.I _._--- - _. ------Hou5eholu~ I It ',hC.l"ld,> I J",J,I.,_',IO.t!{ 11(1, '>.:11(11,1, Ilo,IV·'l.,IJ' ll'lusehold, Hou,>cholu:. o..:cupying • )(CUP) ;II!; tIL\,. ',')\ n .!, ~ ''I.. 1.... ,\ It !! OLLllp) lng occupying: "ccupying four rooms HVI: rV')ll1' "j ... (n. ,r1" W\CI1 f'lO.1l', I. J.?;htIW)m., nine rooms ten rooms A.._ -A.. __ --... A -". ( , -'-- ( - ( -- --"- r - , ... , -- No. of No. of Nll 11f ]\.0. of ]\.,~. of ~v. of 1\1.). l l' 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 - -- - 3 2 23 110 7 35 1.+ 75 5 8 37 2 9 5 37 2 13 2 24 2 15 2 17 2 19 7 3 30 31 153 10 55 ]9 129 3 2-0 11 56 4 28 92·L/S120DCOll.p.-2t1(a) 2.87 APPENDIX Light and Fuel by Migrant Locality Total __A. Num Number using Fuel Number using ______---A .-___---A. ber r------...... Fire Fire L.p.d./ Coal/ Fire Fire Fire Gas Kero- L.P.'G./ Eleetri- wood/ Wood/ Kero- Kero- wood wood/ wood sene Kero- city/ Kero Kero- sene sene Kero-' oil sene Kero- sene sene oil oill sene oil oil sene oil oil/ oill Char- ChaJ;- L.P.G. Char- coal coal coal 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Locality No 1 (a) Dharmkot 26 1 1 1 6 8 (b) Naddi Locality No.2 (a) Forsythganj. (b) Bhagsunag 29 2 6 2 3 3 6 13 Locality No.3 (a) Mdeodganj (b) ""Gamroo 3 1 1 6 5 Locality No: 4 SangamPark 20 9 1 1 1 7 6 Locality No. 5 (a) Khajanchi Mahalla 14 1 6 1 1 1 1 2 (b) Chander Marg Locality No.6 Kotwati East 23 2 13 2 3 1 11 Locality No.7 Kotwali West 23 4 6 1 3 4 3 Locality No. 8 (a) ~asmaj . (b) Gurdwara Road 21 ~1 12 1 2 1 3 1 8 Locality No.9 (a) Chilgari 21 14 1 1 1 3 1 7 Locality No. 10 Kachehri Adda 11 9 Locality NQ. 11 ])epot Bazar 10 10 2 3 1 1 1 2 # 3 Locality No. 12 civil Lines . 21 1 10 1 1 2 5 Locality No. 13 Shaheed Smark 22 2 1 ~ro 4 5 3 Total 260 16 3 101 3 6 20 17 8 41 70 SoURCB : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 288 T ABU!..(;4 locaUt)' and Migration Status of Households Households Nonmigrant Households ,-----.--_ ,______.A. ______Light Number using Fuel Number using light ._------, ,-.----___-.A. ____-----.., ...____ ----"- ______Electri Electri- Kero- Eleetri- Fire L.P.G./ L.P.G./ Fire Fire Kero- Elect/ Elect! Elect- Elect- city/ city sene city/ wood/ Kero- Fire Wood/ wood sene K. Oil Candle rieity tricity/ Candle oil Kero- Kero- sene wood Kero- oil Kero- sene- sene oil sene sene oill oil/ oil oill Candle LP.G. candle 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 I 4 13 12 5 10 1 5 5 1 7 1 1 3 2 2 3 2 1 9 2 1 3 6 3 1 2 4 5 2 _' 13 3 3 2 13 14 /' 8 1 1 6 ..- 3 12 4 16 2 13 119 5 9 2 9 1 8 22 2 25 2 14 3 ApPENDIX Availability 0/ Amenities Locality Total No. of House- Kitchen Bath Room holds .- --A.. _____--, .- ..A.. Not Hav- Having sepa- Share with Not Hav- Having sepa- Share with ing rately other H ouse- jng rately other House· holds holds ------\ No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of I Households Households Households Households Households Households .------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 l. (a) Dharmkot 26 7 19 20 6 (b) Naddi 2. (a) Forsythganj 29 8 21 16 10 3 _ (b) Bhagsunag 3. (a) Mcleodganj 19 9 10 JO 5 4 (b) Gamroo 4. Sangam Park 20 4 ii5 6 11 3 5. (a) Khajanchi Mahalia 14 14 2 12 (b) €hander Marg 6. Kotwali East 23 22 6 16 -7. Kotwali West 23 23 4 18 1 8. (a) Arya Samaj 21 21 2 19 (b) Gurdwara 9. Chilgari 21 21 20 1 10. Kachehri Adda 11 11 3 8 11. Depot Bazar 10 1 9 4 5 12. Civil Lines • 21 :z. 19 5 16 13. Shaheed Smafk 22 2 20 5 17 TOTAL 260 34 226 , 83 163 14 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. t,90 TABLE-6S A menities by Locality and availability Lavatory Source of Drinking Water Water for washing Electric Current r------~-----'-_. ,-_____..A.. ______.,------"------,-_. r--,------''------, Not hav- Having Share Not hav- Having Share Not hav- Having Share Not hav- Having Share jng separately with other jng separately with other jng separately with other jng separately with other House. House- House- House- holds holds holds holds --- No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. 'Of No. bf . No.·of . No.·of . No. of No. of No. of House- House- House- House- House- House- House- House- House- House- House- House- holds holds holds holds holds holds holds holds .holds holds holds holtis 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 1 8 6 12 9 6 11 2 23 1 17 7 5 3 12 14 3 13. 13. 1, 28 12 3 4 1 6 12 2 6 11 2 17 4 12 _4 1 11 8 11 8 2 18 11 8 6 1 6 7 14 13 5 15 8 1 • 15 • 7 23 16 1 18 5 18 5 23 15 1 20 1 20 21 18 3 17 4 17 4 20 1 7 1 9 2 I 9 2 11 4 3 3 3 7 3 7 10 16 5 12 9 12 9 20 6 14' 2 12 10 12 10 21 1 90 136 34 13 149 98 • 17 . 148 _95 7 249 4 291 ApPENDIX ~,",f" • ..., Existence of Furniture by LocalitY,fJnd1 I?lIr.~!iP!1 .o~~s.{ay in ------Locality Duration of Total No. of No. of .Nu?\ber of stay in the Households Households {h ' '., present havifig no Chair" "residence furniture 2 '3 4 ·5 1. phar~koJ Naddi Less-l year 1-4 years 2 5 years + 24 13 2. Parsvth!!ani Bha!!:sunag Less-l year 1 1 ~l 1-4 years 3 3 5 years+ - 25 1 14 3. Mcleodganj Gamroo Less-l year 1-4 years 2 2 5 years+ 17 II 4. Sangam Park Less-l year 1-4 years 2 2 5 rears + IS 14 5, Khajanchi MahalIa -Chander Marg Less -1 year 1-4 years 1 5 years + 13 12 6. Kotwali East . Less -1 year 1 1 1:--4 years 3 2 5 years + 19 17 7. KotwaU West ~ .- Less -1 year -1-4 years( 1 1 5 years + 22 20 8. Aryasamaj Gurdwara Less -1 year 1-4 years 3 3 5 years + 18 16 9. Chilgari Less -1 year 1 1 "' 1-4 years 6 6 5 years ~ - 14 13 10. Kachehri ALess -1 year ! 1-4 years 5 years ,.)- 11 11 11. Depot Bazar . Less -1 year 1-4 years 1 "3 years + 9 9 12. Civil Lines Less -1 year 1-4 years 2 2 5 years + 19 18 13. Shaheed Smark Less -1 ye:rr 1-4 years 3 2 5 years+ 19 18 Less -1 year 3 3 1-4 years 29 25 5 years + 228 2 186 Total 260 2 214 --.... - SOVllCE : Househo14 Surver data, 1986-87. :~"9'6 !.he .PJ;.t!,{ent ,Residence Qg~llqld5 having ------,------"------_------Table Diwan Cot Ncwar ('Alt AlfTlirah Wooden bo;.. 6 7 8 9 10 11 ApPENDIX Materials of which Utensils are made by Locality and State and Locality State/District to Total Number of Households which household No. of --r----~------belongs House- Aluminium! Steel/Brass Steel/Brass/ Aluminium/ Aluminium holds Brass Aluminium Iron 2 3 4 5 6 7' 8 Locality No. I H.P. Kangra 25 6 5 10 4 (a) Dharmkot . Tibet 1 1 (b) Naddi Locality No. II H.P. Kangra 15 6 4 1 (a) Forsythganj Tibet 14 2 6 (b) Bhagsunag Locality No. III . H.P. Kangra 11 6 2 (a) Mcleodganj Tibet 8 1 2 (b) Gamroo Locality No. IV H.P. Kallgra 10 3 2 Pakistan 1 3 Sangam Park Uttar Pradesh 1 H.P. Kullu 1 Tibet 7 3 Locality-No. V H.P. Hamirpur 1 (a) Khajanchi Mohalla H.P. Kangra 11 1 . Kashmir 1 3 1 (b) Chander Marg H.P. Chamba 1 Locality No. VI H.P. Kangra 15 2 Amritsar (Pb.) 1 - 8 H.P. Shimla 2 Kotwali East Pakistan 1 2 H.P. Hamirpur 2 Jallandher (pb.) 1 1 J&K I Locality No. VII Ambala (Haryana) 1 1 1 H.P. Una 1 1 Kotwali West H.P. Kangra 20 13 H.P. Hamirpur 1 3 1 Locality No. VIII Amritsar (pb.) 1 1 H.P. Kangra 12 8 (a) Aryasmaj U.P. (Meerut) 1 1 t-- (b) Gurdwara . Pakistan 3 H.P. Una 2 y H.P. Hamirpur 1 1 H.P. Bilaspur 1 Locality No. IX H.P. Kangra 16 2 13 H.P. Hamirpur 1 I Chilgari H.P. Mandi 2 2 H.P. Chamba 2 2 Locality No. X H.P. Kangra 8 7 Hoshiarpur (Pb.) 1 1 Kachehri Pakistan 1 1 H.P. Hamirpur 1 1 Locality No. XI H.P. Kangra 8 4 Depot Bazar Hoshiarpur (Pb.) 1 1 H.P. Hamirpur 1 Locality No. XII Punjab 2 H.P. Kangra 15 5 7 Civil Lines • J&K 1 1 Gurdaspur (pb.) -1 Ambala (Haryana) 1 1 H.P. Hamirpur 1 1 Locality No. XIII H.P. Kangra 18 9 7 Nepal- I 1 Shaheed Smark H.P. Una 1 H.P. Hamirpur 2 Total 260 17 59 102 1 19 ~9'lJ TABLEf67 D(strict to which the HONsehold belonf!s where cooking utensils are made of ~ 'i -' ~" ~ • - ~ ----:..------.---- Aluminiuni/ AluminiumJ Steel Aluminium! AluminIUm.; Pittal/Steel/ Aluminium/ Brass/Steel/ Steel/Brass/ Having no Nickle Steel/ Bra~s/Nickle Steel/Bronze Aluminium Steel/Bronze/ Aluminium l Aluminium/ utensils Crockery Nickle Iron 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 2 2 2 I 2 -- -" 2 2 - 1 6 1 - --2__ 2 __, 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 24 22 1 5 1 5' ApPENDIX Materials of which Utensils are made by Locality and State and Number of Households where ;~ocality . State/District to which household Stee!f •. : ~tiCl/ . Steel/ Glass! Steel/ Steel! Steel Steel! Tin Pla- Alumi- belongs "Bfass -Bronze! Bronze Alumi- Brass! Brass Bronze te/Gla- nium/ aay nium Alumi- ss Bronze nium 2 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Locality No. I H~P. Kangra 1 10 2 3 6 1 (a) Dharmkot . Tibet 1 (b) Naddi . Locality No. II H:P. Kangra 3 5 1 (a) Forsythganj Tibet 1 4 ..1/J) Bhagsunag Locality No. TIl . H:P.Kangra 2 7 (a) Mcleodganj Tibet 1 5 ....(b) Gamroo Locality No. IV H:P. Kangra 2 7 Pakistan I S!lngam Park Uttar Pradesh 1 H:P. Kullu 1 Tibet 1 Locality No. V H.P. Hamirpur -(a) Khajanchi Mohalla H:P. Kangra 11 Kashmir 1 (b) Chander Marg H.P. Chamba 1 Locality No. VI H:P. Kangra 1 12 Amritsar (pb.) - H.P. Shimla 2 Kotwali East Pakistan 1 H:P. Hamirpur 2 Jallandhar (Pb.) 1 J&K 1 Locality No. VII Ambala (Haryana) H.P. Una Kotwali West H.P. Kangra • 6 9 H.P. Hamirpur 1 Locality No. VflI Amritsar (pb.) H.P. Kangra 2 7 (a) Aryasmaj U.P. (Meerut) -(v) Gurdwara . Pakistan 1 H:P. Una 1 1 H.P. Hamirpur H.P. Bilaspur 1 Locality No. IX H.P. Kangra_ 4 2 6 H.P. Hamirpur 1 Chilgari H.P. Mandi H.P. Chamba 1 Looality No. X' H.P. Kangra 3 2 Hoshiarpur (pb.) 1 Kllchehri Pakistan H.P. Hamirpur 1 Locality No. XI H.P. Kangra 1 2 3 Depot Bazar Hoshiarpur (pb.) HoP. Hamirpur Locality N,? XII Punjab 2 H.P. Kangra I_ I 4 1 3 Civil Lines . J&K - -1- Gttrdaspur (Pb.) 1 AIflbala (Haryana) H.P. Hamirpur Locality No. XIII H.P. Kangra 2 2 5 6 Nepal 1 Sbaheed Smark H.P. Una 1 H.P. Hamirpur 2 Total 9 26 35 3 > 3 114 §oUllCE : HO\lSebold Survey data. 1986-~7: -----~?6 "t~,;67-cOhCld. Distrjct,tQ which the Household belongs u~ensj}g for serving food are --___...... __. Steel/ Alumin- Steel/ Plastic; Ctockery{ Crockl#" Steclf Steelj Bronzej Steel! Steel! Having no Aluminium ium/Steel/ Bronze! Glass Steel China Brass/ Steel/ China Alumin utensils Bronze Alumin- Clay Crockery Crockery Glass ium ium Crockery 29 30, 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40- 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 ----- 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 3 1 1 ...... 2 - - - -' 1 1 1 i -. 1 r: 4 1 - - 1 --_ 1 ...... ,__ 2 1 _- -_ 1& 1 2 3 15 1 6 2 3 3 3 .+91 Al'PiNDIk Materials of which Utensils are Made Ciassified by Religion alld Caste/Tribe/CommunIty and Migration status , __. __ . ______Number of households _.A.._~_ whore Religion and Castel Migration Status Tribe(Coml1'lunity . Alutuinium( Steel/Brass Steel/Brass/ Pittal/Alu- Aluminium/ Aluminium Brass Aluminium minium Iron 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 HINDU 1. Rajput (a) Migrant 1 16 25 (b) Non-Migrant 3 8 9 3 2. Brahmin (0) Migrant 2 12 27 1 (b) Non-Migrant 1 1 3. Kanojiya (0) Migrant ~ (b) Non-Migrant 4. Badhi/Dhiman (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 3 5. Nai (a) Migrant 1 (b) Non-Migrant - 6. Kabirpanthi (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 7. Mabajan (a) Migrant 2 4 (b) Non-Migrant 8. Balmiki (a) Migrant 1 3 2 1 (b) Non-Migrant 1 2 9. Chamar (0) Migrant 1 (b) Non-Migrant 10. Sunar/Mehra (0) Migrant ~ (b) Non-Migrant 11. Ghirith- (a) Mfgrant 1 2 (b) Non-Migrant - 12. Khatri (a) Migrant 5 10 (b) Non-Migrant 13. Sood (a) Migrant 4 (b) Non-Migrant 1 . - 14. Choudhary (a) M%rant 2 -1 (b) Non-Migrant 15. Aggarwal (a) Migrant 1 - (b) Non-Migrant - 16. Kaistha (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 17. Malp.otra (0) Migrant . (b) Non-Migrant 18. Gupta (0) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant I 1 19. Lohar (a) Migrant r (b) Non-Migrant 20. Sehgal (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 21. Pherera (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 22. Zheer (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 23. Kumhar (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 24. Ko1jli (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 25. Jat (a) Migrant 1 . (b)_ Non-Migrant SIKH 1. Jat (a) MiStant (b) Non-Migrant 2. Saini (a) Migrant 1- (b) Non-Migrant 3. Mal!aj~ (a) Migrant 1 2 (b) Non-Migrant 4. Majgotra (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant - BUDDIDST 1. Tibetan (0) Migrant 3 1 11 (b) Non.Migrant MUSLIM 1. Sayed (a) Migrlmt ~ 1 (b) Non-Migrant Total 17 59 i02 5 1 14 298. TABLS-6B (Migrant or Non-Migrant with Reference to Place 0/ Last Residence 0/ Head o/ltousehold) Cooking utensils are made of . ,:___,._ Aluminium/ Aluminium/ Steel Aluminium/ Aluminium Pittal/ Aluminium/ Brass/Steel/ SteelfBrass/ Having R@ Nickle Steel Brass/ Steel/ Steel! Steel!Brass! Aluminium! Aluminium! Utensils Nickle Bronze Aluminium Crockery' Nickle Iron ' 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 8 1 1 1 2 1 3 6 1 1 2 1 1 :2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 -~- 6 3 1 1 24 22 1 1 1 5 1 1 'h ., •• "" ,Ap~ Materials of whic Utensils ,are Made Classified by. Religion an;rCaste/Tribe/Co/1llllunity and Migration statu.s Number of Household~ wher~ ~lltensils for' Refiiiqn and-Cl!:ste). Migration Status , • c 'tribe/Commuulty' Steel! Steel} Steel! Glass! Steel! Steel! Steet Steeli Tin PI:: ·.xi~in~ Brass Bronze/ Bronze Alumin- Brass/ Pittal Kansa te/Glass uml Clay ium AlwUini- Bronze um 2 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 HINDU 1. Raj'put (a) Migrant 12 8 1 20 (b) Non-Migrant 2 1 9 J 3 7 2. Brahmin (a) Migrant. 1 7 7 1 2 24 (b) Non-Migrant 1 2 3. Kanojiya (a) Migrant (b) Non-Migrant 1 4. BadIii/Dhiman (a) Migral1t_ - 2 (b) Non-Migrant ~ 4 5. Nai- (a) Migrant 1 (b) Non-Migrant 6. Ka~irpanthi (a) Migrant_ 2 (b) Non-Migrant 7. Manajan (a) Migraqj_ 6 (b) Non-Migrant 8. Balnuki (a) Migraqt 2 (b) Non-Migrant 2 9. Chamar (a) Migral}t 1 (b) Non-Migrant _ 1 10. Sunar/Mehra (a) Migrant_ 2 (b) Non-Migrant 11. GhU1th (a) Migrant. 3 (b) Non-Migrant 12. Khatri (a) Migral}t_ 2 4 -_ 11 (b) Non-Migrant 13. Sooa (a) Migrant. 1 2 (b) Non-Migrant 2 14. Choudhary (a) Migrant 1 (b) Non-Migrant 15. Aggarwal (a) MigraI\.t 1 (b) Non-Migrant 1 16. KaisTha (a) Migrant - 2 (b) Non-Migrant 17. Malfiotra (a) Migrant (b) Non-Mjgrant - 1 18. Gupta (a) Migran.L -- 1 (b) Non-Migrant 1 19. Lollar (a) Migrant_ 1 (b) Non-Migrant 20. Sehgiil (a) Migrant (b) Non-MIgrant 21. Pherera (a) Migrani.. L (b) Non-Mlgrant 22. ZheeT .-(a) Migran!_ 1 (b) Non-Mlgrant 23. KuIflbar · (a) Migrant • (b) Non-Mlgpmt 24. KohA .-(a) Migrant -(b) Non-Migrant 25. Jat • (a) Migrant , (b) Non-Migrant SIKH 1. Jat "-: · - (a) Migrant- =-2 (b) Non-Migrant 2. Saini- (a) Migrant --{b) Non-Migrant 3. Mahajan .~ (a) Migrant -·(b) Non-Migrant 4. Majl\otra (a) Migrant- 1 tb) Non-Migrant BUDDHIST 1. Tibetan (a) MigranL 1 1 -1.0 (b) Non-Migrant MUSLIM 1. Sayetr' (a) Migrant 1 (b) Non-Migrant Total 9 26 • 35 3 6 3 114 1 1 SOURCE -Household Survet data, 1986-87. 300 ApPENDIX Presence oj Luxury and Costly Goods by Locality. Locality Religion & Caste or Total No. or Number of households Tribe or Community No. of House- House- holds Wrist Table Waif Radio T.V. holds posses- watch cl9Ck clock sing no Luxury & costly goods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Dhatmkot Naddi HINDU Raj put 15 2 14 4 11 3 Brahmin 5 4 4 Kanojiya 1 1 Badhi/Dniman 1 1 1 1 Nai 1 1 BUDDHIST Tibetan . 1 1 1 1 Total 24 2 21 7 17 3 2. For!ythganj Bhagsuna~ HINDU Rajput 6 1 6 2 1 3 2 ,Brahmin 2 2 1 1 2 1 Mahajan 1 1 1 1 1 Balmiki 2 2 1 1 1 Kabirpanthi 0' 1 1 1 Chamar . 1 1 SIKH Jat 1 1 1 BUDDHIST ... Tibetan 13 1 13 4 1 5 6 Totat 27 2 27 9 3 14 11 3, Mcleodganj Gamtoo , HINDU Rajput 3 3 2 3 3 Khatri 1 1 1 1 1 Badhi . 3 2 1 1 Mehra/Sunar 1 1 1 1 Balmiki 2 - 2 2 1 .Ghirith 1 1 1 BUDDHIST Tibetan 8 8 6 2 Total 19 17 4 15 9 4. Sangam Park HINDU Rajput 1 1 1 1 1 Brahmin 3 3 2 1 1 Khatri 3 3 '2 1 3 2 .sood 2 2 2 1 2 Mehra/Sunar 1 Aggarwal 1 1 1 1 Chaudhry 1 1 1 1 1 -BUDDHIST .:ribetan 7 6 3 5 3 Total 18 2 16 12 1 12 11 5. Khajaochi Mohalla HINDU' Chander Marg .Rajput 1 1 1 1 -Brahmin 5 S 4 4 4 Khatri 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mahajan 1 1 1 1 Aggarwal 1 1 1 1 1 Malhotra . 1 1 1 1 1 Mehta/Sunar 1 1 1 1 1 -Kaistha . 1 1 1 1 'Kabirpanthi 1 1 Ghirith 1 1 1 1 Total 14 14 11 2 10 11 302 TABLE--69 Religion and Caste/Tribe/Community possessing Gramo- Tape Camera Two-in- Rcfri- Sewing Washing Gun Telephone Fan Gold Silver phone Recorder one gerator Machine Machine Orna Orna ments ments 10 It 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 1 3 4 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 7 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 ...... 4 1 6 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 7 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 -- 1 .~ 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 8 4 4 303 29-L/Sl20DCOHP-21 (a) APPENDIX Presence of Luxury and Costly Goods by LoclJlity, Locality Religion & Caste or Total No. of Number of households Tribe or Community No. of House- r House- holds Wrist Table Wall Radio T.V. holds posses- watch clock clock sing no Luxury & costly goods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6. Kotwali East HINDU Rajput 4 1 4 2 3 2 Brahmin 7 7 6 7 6 Khatti 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 Gupta 2 2 2 2 2 Kaistlfa 1 1 ~ 1 1 Badhi . 1 1 1 1 1 Lohar. 1 1 1 Chatmlr 1 1 1 1 SIKtl_ Saini 1 1 1 1 1 Total 21 2 20 13 2 19 15 -7. Xotwali West IUNi5u Rajput 15 15 11 2 12 10 Brahmin .. 6 6 ~ 6 4 Khaffi 1 1 1 1 1 Balmiki' - 1 1 1 1 1 Totla 23 23 17 2 20 16 •. Aryasamaj Gurdwara InNDU Rajput 3 3 1 3 3 Brahmin 6 5 3 2 6 2 Khatri -. 1 1 1 1 1 Mahajan 1 1 1 1 1 Gupta. -. 1 1 1 1 1 Sood 2 2 1 1 2 2 Ghirith 1 1 1 1 1 BadhiJDhiman 1 1 1 Lohar. 1 1 1 €' SIKH Mahajan 3 3 3 3 2 Jat - 1 1 1 1 Total 21 20 12 3 20 15 9. Chilsari HINDU Rajput 8 8 5 1 6 5 Brahmin 6 6 6 6 5 Khatri 1 1 1 1 1 Mahajan 2 2 2 2 2 Sood 1 1 1 1 1 Balmiki 1 1 1 1 1 Sehgal 1 1 1 MUSLIM ~ Sayed 1 1 1 1 1 Total 21 21 17 ..- 1 19 16 10. Kacheh~i. HINI5tJ Brahmin 4 4 3 1 4 3 Khatri. 1 1 1 1 1 Mahajan ..: 1 1 1 1 1 Sood~. 1 1 1 1 1 Chaudhri 1 1 1 1 1 Badhi/Dhim~n 2 2 2 1 Pherera 1 1 1 1 1 Total 11 11 10 1 10 8 304 TABLE-69-contd. Religion and Caste/Tribe/Community Qossessing --- -~------; Gramo Tape Re- Camera Two-in- Refri- Sewing Washing Gun Tele Fan Gold Silver phone corder one gerator Machine Machine phone Orna Orna ments ments ------10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ------ 1 1 - 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 3 1 4 -1 4 3 1 -S- .1. 1 1 1 9 5 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 - , 1 10 3 1 3 2 6 2 2 I- I 1 1 1 2 12 2 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 305 ApPENDIX Presence of Luxury. and Costly Goods by. LocCllity, Locality Religion & Caste Or Total No. of Number of Households Tribe or Community No. of House I--~ ------~ HOuse holds Wrist Table VVall Fladio T.V. holds posses watc:,h clock clock sing no LuxurY & costly goods 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 11. Depot Bazar HINDU Rajput 6 6 1 1 ~ 3 - Brahmin 1 1 1 1 :Khatri 1 1 1 1 _Balmiki 2 2 1 Total -10 9 - 4 1 7 5 12. CIvil Lints .1UNDU -Rajput 5 5 2 4 Brahmin 6 6 5 5 Khatri 3 3 2 3 -K1ahajan - ~l 1 1 1 _Sood . 1 1 1 Ghicith 1 1 1 1 Kumhar 1 1 1 1 Zheer • 1 1 1 Kohli • 1 1 1 1 -SIKH -Manjgotra 1. 1 1 1 Total 21 21 15 18 14 13. Shaheed Smark • HINDU Rajput 8 8 4 1 6' 7 Brahmin 5 5 - 3 1 5 3 Khatri 4 4 4 3 3 -Mahajan 1 1 ~ 1 1 iat 1 1 Balmiki 3 3 1 2 Total 22 22 13 17 13 GRAND TOTAL 252 8 .242 144 198 H7 SOURCE. : Household Survey data, 1986;87. 306 T ABLIr-69-collc/d. Religion and Caste/Tribe/Commullity possessing Gramo- TapeRe- Camera Two-in- Refri- Sewing Washing Gun Tele- Fan Gold Silver pnone corder one gerator Machine Machine phone Oma- Orna- ments ments • 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 1 - 1 3 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 ~ ---=..._ 1 5 2 2 4 2 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 2 -- 1 2 -=. 1 2 2 1 1 3 7 1 6 - 2 I 2 - 5 82 -25 10 29 ]6 4 3 2 7 16 ]2 APPENDIX Presence of Luxury and Costly Goods by Locality and Number of Households Locality Occupation of Head of Total No. of Wrist Table Wall Radio T.V. Household No.-of House- Watch CIocl.\ Clock House- holds holds Possess- ingNo luxury and costly g~ods 1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. (a) _1?harmkot _ Fitt~rjn T. P. L,"~ -- . 1 (b)...Naddi Peon 1 1 CultivlUors 2 1 2 - 2 Own~r/Contractor Slate-.mining quaring . 4 -4 1 4 Labourer 3 2 Tea Shopkeepers 2 2 1 2 Manager in Guest-House - 1 - 1 1 1 Karx.ana Shopk~per ~:~ 1 1 1 Mule l'ransporter - 1 Com~under in NIH Yol --1 Chowkidar in MES - •• 1 . Carpenter - -- I 1 Traine3 Dai in Civil Dispensary 1 -'I Readymade clotl:! ~erchant 1 1 Non-Workers 3 2 2 ::..~ Total 24 2 21 7 17 3 2. (a) Forsythganj Mid wife in MH Cantt. I 1 (b}-Bhagsunag- Tea Shopkeeper 1 1 1 Gardener 1 1 KaryanajGrocery-Shopkeepers 3 3 .2 2 _J. ;.. TecM~ian in Telephone Ex: cha~ - 1 - -I 1 l' Shoe Maker I- Live Stock 1 I 1 Sweeper , 1 -I Carpet Weaver' ] Cook in T.C.V. I 1 I I Programme Officer 2 2 1 1 Jncharge Export Marketing 1 1 Salesman in Tibetan Handicraft Co-Op, Society ". 1 1 1 Stationary Book Seller 1 1 Owner/Prop. ill Tashi Restau- 'rant 1 1 1 Planning Officer in Tibetan Secretariate 1 1 1 Sweater Sale • I Shopkeeper Audit Officer in Tibetan Secre- ,_ tariate 1 I Deputy Secretary in Tibetan Secretariate I I 1 Labour in Slate Mining quar-- ing 3 3 1 .... Cultivator I 1 Non-Workers 1 1 1 1 Total 27. 2 27 9 3 14 11 308 TABLE-70 Occupatio/to! Head o! Household possessing ----~.------, Gramo- Tape Camera Two-in- Refri- Sewing Washing Gun Telephone Fan Gold Silver phone Recorder one gerator Machine Machine Orna- Orna- ments ments 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ~------ 1 1 3 3 1 1 -- 2 1 - 2 3 - 7 5 1 - 1 1 "" 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 - 6 2 1 2 309 ApPEND IX Presence of Luxury and Costly Goods by Locality and Number of Househ<11ds r-,------~ Locality Occupation of Head of Total No. of Wrist Table Wall Radio T.Y. Household No. of house Watch Clock Clock House holds holds Possessing No luxury and costly goods -_ .,------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3. W Mcleodganj Owner of Slate mining quaring 1 1 1 1 1 (15) Gamroo Sweeper 1 1 1 Karyana Shopkeeper 1 1 1 1 Postal Asstt. . - . 1 1 1 1 Chairman Pvt_Transportet: 1 1 1 1 1 Owner of Restaurant . 1 1 1 1 Ornltrflents ShdjS'keeper . 1 1 1 Waiter in Hotel- . 1 1 Peon . _ . 1 1 Treasurer in Tibetan Secre- tariat ..- . 1 1 1 Accountant in Tibetan Secre tariate - 1 1 1 Reaaymade garments Shop~ keeper 1 1 Labpurer . . . . 2 1 Lineman in Telephone Exchange 1 1 1 1 Norr-Workers • 4 3 2 4 3 Total 19 17 4 15 9 4. Sangam Park Statfonery Shopkeeper ] 1 1 1 1 Clerlctn H.P.P.W:D. 2 2 2 1 2 Watch Mechanic 1 Gram Seller . 1 General-cum-Grocery Shop- keeper 2 2 2 1 1 Peon 1 1 1 1 Asstt._Superintendent 1 1 1 1 Medical Store owner 1 1 1 1 1 Ayurvedic Medical Shopkeeper 1 J 1 1 Tailoring shop ._ 1 1 1 1 1 Instructor-Cum-Incharge 1 1 Cook (Handicraft) . 1 1 Secry;-Sponcership in T.C.Y. 1 1 1 Treasurer (Handicraft) . 1 1 1 1 1 Seery. to Principal T.C.Y. 1 1 1 1 1 Hon'm"'Foster inT.C.Y. . 1 1 1 1 Teacher (10+2) in T.C.Y. 1 1 Painter (Handicraft) 1 - 1 1 Total ]8 2 16 12 1 12 11 S. (a) Khajanchi Section Officer (Education 1 1 1 1 MohaIla- Board Assistantg-) 2 "2 2 2 2 (b) Chander Marg Tailor . • 1 1 Head cashier (Bank) 1 1 1 1 Cloth Shopkeeper. . . 1 1 1 1 1 Dy. Range Officer(Forest) • ] 1 "1 1 Readymade Garments (W3'or - etc.). . . . • .J 1 -1 1 1 Contractor of Govt. Buildings . 1 1 1 1 1 Orchadist (Land Lord) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bank-Manager 1 1. 1 1 Teacber -(Hindi) 1 1 1 ..... 1 Non-~2rkers _ .2 2 2 1 2 Total 14 ]4 11 2 10 11 310 TABLE-70 -contti. Occupation of Head oj Hnuselm!tl Possessing l Gram,>- Tftp'~ Cn.l1crd T\' 0-." RefJ: 5e +di~ Wa"hl'1g ("'11 clenl.onc Fan Gold Silver phone Recurder one gerator Mach:.h' MdclJine Orna Orna ments ments 11) 11 12 13 14 15 16 • 17 III 19 ~O 21 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 7 6 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 4 4 311 ApPENDIX Presence of Luxury and Costly Goods by Locality alld Number of Households ,--- ,___ - -~_~ ______.A.-_ Locality Occupation of Read of Total No. of Wrist Table -Wall Radio T.V. Household No. of House watch clock cloc]l: House holds holds Possess ing No luxury and costly goods L _____ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6. Kotwali East Technical Supervisor in Snow View-- .' " . 1 j 1 Tailor . 1 1 ..1- Assistant , , . ,. 1 1 1 1 Shoes~Shopkeeper . 1 CrocKery Tent HOuse Pvt. 1 Cook- - - _. "1 j 1 1 Waiter -' 1 1 Cloin Shopkeeper 1 1 1 Photo~apher . 1 1 1 1 1 Owner of Printing Press , 1 1 1 1 1 Section Officer (Education -1 Boara) -:- -. , 1 1 1 1 Accountant in Panamal Age~ ) j 1 ,1 Secy, M.C. Office. . . 1 J 1 1 1 Driver '(Jeep) ., = 1 1 1 Labourer . . . . 1 1 1 WorkTnspcctor in H.P.P.W.D. 1 1 1 Owner of Confectionary . 1 1 Tea Slmpkeeper 1 1 1 1 1 Non-Workers 5 5 4 1 5 5 Total -21 20 13 2 19 15 7. Kotwali West Range Officer (Forest) . '1 1 1 1 1 L.R.V. in Govt. Hospital 1 1 1 1 1 Clerk 1 1 1 1 1 Driver Jeep.. T 1 1 1 1 Daily Wages Worker in Tea Estate- 1 1 1 J.E. 1 1 1 1 1 LiveStock 1 1 1 1 Assistant _. 1 1 1 1 1 Dy. C.M.O. in Health Deptt. 1 1 1 1 1 Peon in'SP Office . 1 1 1 Patwarr . . . 1 1 1 1 Owner of Truck/Matador 2 '2 2 2 2 Non-Workers '10 10 7 1 9 6 Total 23 23 '17 2 '20 16 8. (a) Arya Samaj Section Officer . 1 1 1 1 (b) -Gurdwara Inspector in HortiCulture -: 1 1 1 1 Road Cloth Shopkeeper 1 1 1 1 1 Vaidya (Pvt. Ayurvedic) 1 1 Tea Stall Owner.., . ... 2 -2 1 .2 General-- Merchant·Shopkeeper 1 1 1 1 Teacher in Secy School . 1 1 1 1 1 Depot-Holder in Co-Op. Socy. -1 '1 1 1 1 Agent;n Agency of Cement Supply . . . t 1 1 1 1 Lectuferin <.iovt. College "1 1 f 1 1 Junior Accountants Officer ;- 1 1 1 1 Chartet! Accountants . -1' '1 1 1 1 Pharmallist in Govt. ·T·Tospital 2 2 1 1 2 1 Halwai Shop . 1 1 1 1 Ornarrrents Shopkeeper 1 1 f 1 1 Supervisor in post-office 1 T 1 1 1 Cultivator 1 I -1 1 Non-Workers 2 2 1 2 Total 21 20 12 3 20 15 312 TAEtE-70- contd. Occllputiofl vf Head 0/ JIvlllelwht Possessmg ..A.. ____ _ - - .., Gramo 1 ape (. aTI,,:ra ") ",o-in I 10 11 12 13 14 JS 16 17 19 20 21 1 3 2 9 3 4 1 2 2 1 9 5 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 3 1 313 ApPENDIX Presence 0/ Luxury and Costly Goods by Locality.·clne! Number of;Households Locality Occupation of Head of Total No. of Wrist Table Wall Radio T.V; Household No. of House- watch clock clock House- holds holds Possessing No luxury and costly goods 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9. Chilgari Superintendent in Forest Office 2 2 2 2 2 Assistant in Forest Office 3 3 3 3 2 -Clerk in I.P.H,. 3 3 1 2 2 T-eacher G.P.S. 2 2 2 2 :Registrar inB.P.P.W.D. 1 1 1 1 1 Road Inspector in B' &R R.P.P.W.D..:.., 1 1 1 1 1 -J.E. in H.P:P.W.D. 1 1 -Social Worker 1 1 1 1 1 1 .orderly 1 1 _Stationery Sliop Owner~ 1 1 1 1 1 noctor M.B::B.S. (pvt.) 1 1 1 1 1 'P.T.I. (G.O;ll.S.) . 1 1 1 1 1 J.A.O. (Tele Exch.) 1 1 'I 1 1 Non-Workers 2 2 2 2 2 Total" 21 21 17 1 19 16 -roo Kachaheri Adda .cloth Mer$ant 1 1 1 1 1 Workshop Owner 1 1 1 Assistant - '" 1 1 1 1 1 -Petitioner Wt-iter Pvt. 1 1 1 1 1 :Tailoring Work 1 1 1 1 1 "Inspector ~od & Supply 1 1 1 1 1 -Coal Mercmmts 1 1 1 1 1 -advocate .- . 1 1 1 1 .Non-workets- .- 3 3 3 3 2 Total 11 11 10 1 10 8 _.11. Depot..Bazar ..Accountant.. • 1 1 1 :::ChowkidaC'< • _. 1 1 1 1'ailor Masm 1 1 1 -Brlver 1 1 1 1 .l?eon ~ 1 1 1 1 :General Merchants 1 1 1 1 ~anager p:vT. Petrol ~mp 1 1 1 1 -elerk in Tele-exchange- • 1 1 1 -Non-Workers -.' 2 1 1 2 1 Total- 10 . 8 4 1 7 5 A '14 :tABLB-70 -contd. Occupation of Head 0/ Household Possessing ~ ------Gramo- Tape Camera Two-in- Refri- Sewing Washing Gun Telephone Fan Gold Silver phone Recorder one gerator Machine Machine Orna Orna ments ments 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 " 1 - _ 1 ..- ...... 1 ....., 1 - _..... 1 ~ 2 1 2 12 2 4 1 2 1 1 ...._ 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 _ __,_ - , -::::::, 1 - 1 -e- .Lo- 1 ~ _ - 1 3 1 - .31'S ApPJ!Ntmc Presence of Luxury alld Costly Goods by Locality ami Number of Households Locality Occupation of Head of Total No. of Wrist Table Wall Radio T.V. Household No. of House- Watch Clock Clock House- holds holds Posses· sing No luxury and costly goods 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 12. Civil Lines Inspector in H.P. Police 1 1 1 1 O,}Vner Halwai Shop 2 2 1 1 2 Tea Stall 1 1 1 Vegetable Shopkeeper 2 2 2 Professors in GOyt. 2 2 1 1 2 2 Assistant unit 1 1 1 1 Officer in Distt HospitaL Restaurant Owner . 1 1 1 Munshi of Advocate 1 1 1 1 Peon 1 1 Manager (Kangra Co.Op Bank) 1 1 1 1 Accountant (pNB) 1 1 1 1 1 Karyana Shopkeeper 2 2 2 1 2 Non-Workers 5 5 5 5 5 Total 21 21 15 1 18 14 13. Shaheed Smark Head Constable in H.P. Pollee .~ 3 1 1 SW$!t:pers 2 2 1 Lab Attendent (Govt. College) 1 1 1 StJltionery Shopkeeper - 1 1 1 1 1 Section Officer 1 1 1 1 1 PXt. Medical Practioners. 2 2 2 1 2 Pip.e Fitter .... 1 1 1 1 Assistant 1 1 1 1 Peon Cum Chowkidar 1 1 1 1 Editor Himachal Today 1 1 1 1 1 Lecturer GOY.!:.. College - 1 1 1 1 1 2 Teacher G.P.S. !- 2 2 2 2 Advocate _. . 1 1 i 1 1 Non-Workers .:... -4-- - 4 3 1 3 2 - Total 22 22 13 2 17 13 GRAND TOTAL 252 8 242 144 19 - 198 - 147 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1~6-8i. 316 TMLK 10-collcld. Occupatioll of Head of Household. Possessing ------, Gramo Tape Camera Two-in- Refri- Sewing Washing Gun Telephone Fan Gold Silver phone Recorder one gerator Machine Machine Orna- Orna- ments ments 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 1 1 - '\ - 1 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 2 1 3 7. 1 1 2 5 81 24 10 29 16 4 3 2 7 16 12 311 9~L/SJ20DC0Itp- 22 AI'~nNDlx Pllftieulors 0/ Five Most Respecte ______~ ______~a Number of persons by Caste/Tribec naming _.A. r------~------ c 0 Cfl.... 'C v 0 0- 0 s::l of .£ ... .<2- ::l .... 0 0 0 <'II .S ~ ~ I!) ~ ! :5 ·15 a ;; <> 'tI 1 2 , 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 '13 .., Mcleodganj lUI. The ill n~ s~ Tih, ar Literate Phd, Spiritual and Temporal ruler of Tibet 10 Thedlhan", RIlli- 'I.. nbcta. Liter.tte Spiritual Head 6 - \'valTdu Dorze "- fib lal Literate Spiritual Head S Ling Rinpoch( ,.of Tibetdn Literate Spiritual Head 5 Dermatol.:t1t M Tibetan Literate Spiritual He KotwaJi Bazar Dr. Moo Chand ·11 Mahajan M.B.B.S. Medical 3 1 2 Practitioner Sh. Kamal K nt l\ K.hatri B.A.. Hardware and 1 3 2 1 Manoeha paint Shop- keeper SIl. Rooplal Jom 1\1 Khatri Literate Sarar (JewIler) 2 2 Dr. S.c. Mah Jan MahaJar. M.B.B.S. Doctor i 2 Sh. Kailash Mah aI Nt \1, jan Matrie Businessman 3 Chilgari Sh. Jagdish Pradhan N1 R"j):..lt Matric Municipal 9 'Gorl;h Depot Bazar Pt. ')een DaYd '\1 d Mat'ic Cloth Merchant 1 3 & Municipal Councillor Dr. Sudarsl al Brahmin M.B.B.S. Doctor 1 1 Chakra Sh. D.c, h Faj 1\1 Branmin MalDe Klfryana f Shopkeeper Sh Om Pta a~h M Br 11m Matrie Karyana 2 Shopkeeper 1,-;h. Nathu R.m )\11 rlr tIl Matrie Grocery 1 Shopkeeper Civil Lines Mehta KishOle :vi ~al ..Jan BAL.L.B. Advocate 1 2 3 Chand Prof. Chander M R; II-LIt M.A.. Ex-MLA -2 4 VarKer Editor-Himachal Today Sh. Ved Praka \1 Khatf B.A. LL.B. Retired S.D.M. :? 3 Sh. A. N. DO,f'ra .1 Brahm n M. Pbil Retired Head of 2 Geography Department Sh. Sukh Dev Raj lvt Brahmin Literate Municipal 1 Councillor SOURCB ; Neighbourhood SclilOdUle Surwy oJ persons at Col. 2 as most Respectable Number of persons by occupational Category naming persons at Column 2 as Most respectable ------_._-"> r- _--.A. _ ------. ... ~) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 ------1 1 1 ------ 1 ..,.... 1 319 9l-LlSl20DCO HP-22(a) MtollNDlX Particulars of Five Most Respected Number of persons by occupational Category ~ ~ 0 c...... 0 0 § .";:l i> -5l .~ ~ ~ 0 't) '" >, 0 ~ ~ ~ E :s: E 0 .:::: .l= «I «I ~ .c: -e l'l '"~ .U\ «I ::I .s .Sl .,c.. 0 .... 0 :i ~ 2 0 "' -;;; ~ «'" ~ «I ., 0. ~ 0 Civil Lines Mehta Kishore M Mahajan B.A.L.L.B. Advocate Chand Prof. Chander M Rajput M.A. ExMLA 1 Varker Editor-Himachal Today Sh. Ved Parkash M Khatri B.A.L.L.B.- Retired S.D.M. Sh. A. N. Dogra M Brahmin M.Phil. Retired Head of 1 Geography Department ·Sh. Sukh Dey Raj M Brahmin Literate Municipal CounciJIer SOUIlCE : Neighbourhood Schedule Survey data. 1986-87 320 TABLE·71~oncld. Persons in the Neighbourhood naming persons at Column 2 as Most respectable No. of persons by educational level naming persons at Col. 2 No. of persons as most respectable by Sex namtn: persons at col. 2 as most respectable --, r ---, ,.....--.'.....___, »:; '0 ~ § .... "8 ] 0) «I ~ g P. 0 ii! ~ t: 0 :S .Q, 8 0 d c g ~ ""0 t1 •t:: p. .... c:: t ~ Il; .S a ~ 1;- ·S 0 .... 0 ~ S ..c .... 8 U 0 E -e J! CIl 0 o~ ::I ~ ;E c:: .... ;... (.) ...... ~ 2 .... 't 8 ~ c 2 ~ go. '0 ~ ~ :'!: til I ~ U <'J2;..._ "0 ]~ til .~ 0 "E U c:: ~ 0..0. 0- g § 8 0:1 -5 tlll '"a ~ "'::I CI.l '0 ~ .i "i) ::> 0 0) 2 2 2 1- 2 6 4 2 2 1 3 3 -.--._-- 1 1 1 2 3 --:::..;:;-- 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 8 3 1 2 7 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 1 2 4 2 1 3 6 1 2 3' 1 2 7 3 " 2 i 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 8 , 1 2 1 3 1 2 6 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 f 2 1 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 2 1 , ) 2 5 1 2 r 321 APPENDIX Particulars of Five Most' Respecfca Nuinber of ,persons by Caste/Tribe naming persons at Col. 2 as most respectable r----- ...Ae., c 0 ~ 0. 0) .<::.... c:l .... 0 0 .~ "-; c .9 0. .;:: .<:: ..... 0) :I '" til'" ] :.a 8 ~ ~ ] ~ ·til 6. '8 ~ 'fd Z ~ d iil ~ i=< en Q ~ !Xl ~ !Xl 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Dr. MoOI Chand M "Mahajan M.B.B.S. Medical Practitioner 4 1 7 13 (private) Pro~ ~ander~\Tarket M Rajput M.A. Editor Himachal Today 2 2 5 7 2 _.L--___~ _____..,,_ and Ex-MLA Sh. B. S. Parmar M Rajput B.Sc. LLB. President M.C. Dharm- 2 3 9 sala and Advocate H. H. the Dmai Lama M Tibetan Literate Spiritual Temporal ruler 10 Ph. D. of Tibet ------...... _ Major tJrij I:.aT M Rajput B.A. Retired Major and Ex- 2 2 4 MLA .a:0. :I d en B 0 t '0 .;:: ~ -E Q ...'"u :~ s:: ~ 0. ~ '0 i!:: '" ~ I) 0 9 .5 oS c § ~ ~ ~ :e 0 ... '~j 'a 0g ~ d: !5 C ~ fr "Q1 ~ '0 .2 <.> 'lB '0 I'<~ 8 :I ~ .;;;~ ~o. '" '0 '6 -g 0 ~ U'" ell .~ _..c:0 Z en ~ ~ ,_j'" ~ ~ Ht Dr. Mool Chand M Mahajan M.B.B.S. Medical practitioner 2 1 1 1 (private) Prof. Ch'tlnder \Tarker- M Rajput M.A. Editor Bimachal Toaay 1 1 1 1 1 andE!C-MLA Sh. B. S~-;-----M-~~- n.Sc. L.LB. President M.e. Dhai'm- 1 sal'!, and J\dvocate -----~------.------~-----. H.H. The Dalai Lama M Tibetan Literate Spiritual Temporal ruler Ph.D of Tibet Major Brij Lal 'M "Rajput "B.A. 'Retired Major and Ex MLA SOURCE: -NeiShbol.lrhood Schedule Survey data, 1986-87 322 TABLE-72 Persons in the Town N~r of P.5fsons by Occupational Category naming persons at column 2 as most respectable _...A..______----. ..('T"- e -.~ ~ ~ u ~ CE 0 ._,~ ...c:: ~o ~ E.., § 0. ~ '0 ..,0 .t:J~ -0 c: 0:: it .t:J 011 ..,'"' 6 j:: j:: -0 >, ~ .t:J @' .1 Cl .~ ! .S j:: u ...... ,'"' d "0. 0. 0. 8. J i ci. _g ..... ~ 0 ~ 1!0 ;:I 0 _ ~ 011 ~ tI:l ~o :I:- .52 ,.c:; tI:l til -8 » ..,011 ... 011 tI:l ij3 u .. ~ 0 t:: ... !; e ttl .S 0'- a 0. ,.c:; ... s:l ...... 0 0 .S .. «) ~nii ;:I 011 ~ ~ ,.c:; 11 ~ '(;j' 6 :t JS.. ttl til ..... U '" ... u S(j 1Zl .c ] e 2 ~t), :~ ~ .l4 ] ,t) ~. ~ t:: d u oS ·tl ·il "a ~t) o:S } ~ ~ e d5 ~. t ,( 0 ~> A'~ ~ E-<~ ~ ~ ~ ~'" P=I ~ ~ 8 0 . ------]3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 --~~. 1 2 1 ~23 ApPENDIX TABLE-73 Particulars 0/ Cinema Name of Location When Type of Floor Space Projection Number of .Number of Average Total sale Cinema establis hed Building Length seats by shows per number of proceeds with refer- rates of day and ticke~s sold during 1986·87 ence,to Tickets timing of per day main the same during the material month, used in wall preceding and roof the month of the survey (daily) ,':- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10' Himalaya Chander 1935 Wall; Stone 15 x8 Mtrs. 70 M.M. 55 seats@" Two sho\fs 100 Tickets 3,50,000 Talkies Marg Road Roof; Tin Rs.4PS 2PMto per day for Ceiling :Ply- 85 seats@ 5 PM both shows Wood Rs.4PS 6.~O PM to Floor: Ce 80 seats@ 9.30 PM. ment Rs. 3 PS 60 seats @ Rs. 2 PS 35 seats @ Rs. 4 PS (Gallery) SOURCE: Town Survey. !986-87. ApPENDIX TABLB-74 Parks and Playgrounds Name/category Location Number Current use Particulars of- uses Remar~s 1 2 3 4 5 6 I. Playgrounds (i) Police Lines For Physical training & Police Deptt., School. Colleges, Honours list of tournaments· Distt. Authority, State Autho -martyrs on rity. 'Smark' (ii) College Campus 2 For daily games College Students 2. Parks (i) Kotwali Bazar Area 2 By general Public For sitting,and meetings-etc. t_ (ii) Chilgari Area Tourists & Children Do. (iii) Civil Lines Area 2 By Tourist and locals Do. (iv) Shaheea Stnark By TOurist locals Do. SOURCE: Town Survey, 1986-87, 3~4 ApPENDIX TABLE-75 Particulars Abollt Clubs Name Location When Number of Number Basis of Whether mainly Established Members, of Me-mber;' , associafed EmQloyees Members Ship with partioullirs jf any occupation or caste or com mlmity group, other interest group ------.------2 3 4 5 6 7 Raja Raghubir Singh Club Near Bus Stand 29th April, 1931 3 80 Offers of level of Not or"any caste Class II Membership . group • Rs. 2.5/- pel Melllber 2 Rotary Club Dhauladhar Hotel 9th Sept, 1982 28 Rs. 30/- per member One Member from (Leading number of one profession any profession' in the town) 3 Lions Club B. Mehra Hotel and 35 Rs. 35/- per member Dhauladhar Hotel (of any prbfession and . others also who are committed to the Cause) Aims and Objects Nature of Activity Social Area of Quantitative Working If Approximate reforms, Operation index of hours or various there is an Numbers Social including plan various types of types oJ:activities attached Change, out side activities Iiberary jf any the town (e.g. number of of books promoted Schools started) Fictions by orga drama & nisation Children story books 8 9 10 Ii 13 14 15 Social, Cultural, re- Social Brotherhood Within the town Nothing particu- Winter 20-25 creational games Jars. 12.30 P. M. Members daily (indoor games) to 07 P. M. Summer 05 P.M. to . ]] P. M. CommuLlity service Social Service Town and the (D Free Medical Meet once a Meeting once in a surrounding camps week 06 to 07 week or wh~ever Villages (ii) Free eyes P.M. on Saturday there is an call camps (iii) Scholarship ·to merit-curn poverty (iv) Ambulance charges to • . certain pati ents (v) Donation to DELEKhos pitaJ (Tibetan) about Rs.32 lacs to be given in 5 years to era .dicate T.B. Community Service (i) Organising free MeeJOnce a Meeting Ollce in medical camps week 06 to -l.t"Week or when Cii) Providing relief 07P.M.· ever tbere is an to needy people on saturday can (iii) Polio operation camp was orga nised 2 yrs. back. (iv) Plastic surjury .,camp last year SOUltel! ; Survey duta,1986-87. 325 ApP1!NDtx Leisure Time Activity of Workers• Description ofleisure time activity Age & Sex 0-14 15-19 r------~----. r-----~~-----. p M F p M F ------~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------Loetrlitj.'i' Gossiping 1 2 1 (a) Dharmkot '0 Social work . EadiQ Listeninl} (b) Nac:ttlf • • Kitchen gardening No leisure . 5 3 2 timc ;tctivity Locality II • Sweater knitting Drinking Wine (a) Forsythganj Reading newspapers Radio listening & 0.) m..uMg- Watch- T. V: Programme .. Chanting of . . . . mantras' and playing with Son Reading- & Cooking '" Pla.ying Cards . . . Goin~ for Walk. . . . Readtng, Writin§ & Playing game~ Reading Books, . . tracking and phptography Gossiping . . . 2 2 No leisure time activity. 1 1 Locality III Paper reading & social work . (a) Mcleodganj • Social dealing • Chanting of Mantras , (b) Gamrpo Readint?rBudhism sCl;ipture~ r Rea,ding and Chanting of Mantras Reading qnd roaming . . Prayer and meditations No leisure time activity, 2 2 Locality IV • _Outing. • /' Playin~ 'Cards. T.V. Watching and Listening Gossiping . • • News paper. . reading and walking -To sec the T.V.; . Palmistry and Jyotish work Chanting of Mantras Painting . 0 "ardening and reading Playing table Tennis. football & VoUey"ball Reading, Workshop duties No leisure .time . • Loe:i1ity V • Reading Ne\llS pal'ers".walking & playing cards. . <. • • • • (a) Khajanchi Mohalla Reading Newspaper lbl,~dat:·~ ~o .listening _._ Social ~rk/service No leisure time activity---..... 3 3 Locality VI Reading of books Kotwali East Radio Listening Watching T.V. programme Horticulture & Gardening work No leisure time 3 TABLE-76 by Localit)'. Age alld Sex Age and Sex 20--24 25--34 35-44 45-59 60+ r--"----. r--~ ,-----..;..__--...... ~------'------~ r------~----~ P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 9 10 11 ]2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ------~---~------1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 ] ] 7 4 3 12 5 7 5 2 12 7 5 3 2 1 1 1 11 I 1 2 I 1 1 4 2--- 9 4 5 7 5 2 16 7 9 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 -2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 5 2 3 7 6 ] 4 2 2 ,- 1 2 1 I 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 } 5 4 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 5 13 10 3 8 4 4 327 ApPENnlX Leisure Tline Activity of Workers iOcality Description of leisure time activity Age and Sex 0-14 15-19 .--.A.--, r------'--... P M F P M F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------Locality vn News paper reading Kotwali West -. .- Photography, Gardening & Sewing Kitchen Gardening . . . . Watching T.V. Programme . . . Reading paper and enjoying T.V. Programme Radio listening and gossiping . . . Gossiping, Motorcycle driving and painting No lelsure time activity. . . . Lwality VIlI Reading News paper (a) A.eya Samaj Mandir Area Wandering and paper reading. . Reading News paper nnd playing cards Gossiping - (b) Gurdwara Road Ar~ Radio listening and gossiping. Watching T.V. programme Worship . . . To meet friends, relatives No leisure,time activity LoQaUty IX Kitchen gardening. Cbilprf Paper reading . . . . T.V. Programme watching & listening Transisfer listening . . News paper reading & watching T.V. Social work . No leisure time LOClltity X T.V. Programme watching & listening k.acllehri Adda ;- Papcr reading Radio listening . . No leisure time activity. Loeili~y f'I News paper reading. {)• .,ot-B~r Transistor listening .~/ Playing Hockey No leisure th11e Locality -xn News paper reading To play hockey Civil Li:~s Watching and listening T.V. programme Social -work. . . . . Studies Transistor .- 1 Iistenin_g GossipIng .' Reading Books paper & Magazine No leisure time activity. I_ocality XIII To lookafter the children Sballeed Smark Watching T.V. and reading news paper To watch, T.V. Programme . Transistor listening . . Reading Papers -. . . Teach and lookafterlhe-children Gossiping and transistor listening. Gossiping . . . . Journalism and watching T.V. Gardening. . : . Social work . . . To attend tea club and committee No leisure time activity ~2.8 ! AlI.LS-:-76 by Locality, Age and Sex Age and ~elt 20-24 25-34 35--44 45-59.A. __ ---. 60+ .--- r-- .. A.. P M F P M F P M F P M F 'p M F 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22- 23 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -_ 2 2 5 3 2 3 2 2 2. -- 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 ..... _ 1 1 1 .1 1 5 4 1 2 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 t 1 2 _ - 1 1 , 1 1 5 '3 2 2 1 I 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 ,- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 j 2 2 ,- 2 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1.. 1 1 I- I 1 - 1 1 1 1 3 3 - 1 -'- 1 1 1 -. 3 3 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 ~ ~ J 1 ] 1 -- I 1 1 2 1 2 i 1 1 -1 2 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ",'_ 1 1 - 2 -- 2 1 1 1 I, 2 2 32g ~ L"eisure time 14ctivif~ Occupation Description of Leisure Time aCtivity Age And Sex 0-14 15-19 -,--.A. ..., , -A- P M F P M 'F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Un-Skilled Manual No Leisure time -activity 5 5 Gossiping . 1 1 Sweater knitting. . Radio listening & Gossiping Reading of Papers . Watching T.V .. Programme 1 1 To look after the children !:"'"Skilled Manual Gossiping and Transistor listening To look after the children No leisure time activity 2. Radio Listening. . News paper reading Kitchen Gardening . . Chanting Mantras & Playing with son Reading Budhism Scripture Outing. . . . . News paper reading & Walking Chanting Mantras . Painting . . . Horticulture and gardening . Photography, Gardening & Sewing 3. Lowest professional and admi- No leisure time-activity . nistrlltive (e.g. Prfmary teacners) Drinking Wine . . : Radio Listening. . Reading News/paper, Radio. . LiStening and watching. T.V. Programmes Reading Buddhism Scripture Playing cards. . . . . T.V. Programme watching & listening Kitchen gardening. . . . News paper reading Playing Hockey . Gossiping & Transistor Listening Gossiping ...... Journalism & T.V. Programme watching Gardening. • • • • • 4. Small Business No leisure time activity. . • • 2 1 _1 Gossiping • . . . . • Reading News pape!,_ Radio listening and watching TN. Programme • Paper Reading and Social work Clmnting Mantras . Prayer and Meditation. . . Watching & listening T.V. Programme Watching T.V. Programme, Family'outing reading papers periodical magazine '. . Transistor listening and gOSSiping Transistor listening 1 1 Sot:ial work ...... _ Watching T.V. and reading newspaper- ~ 5.-Hicbly.skiIled and supervisory No leisure time activity. ~ . _ . 1 - 1 -Manual- 'T.V_ Programme watching and listening. -. M'otor Cycle driving and Painting drawing 310 TABLE -77 Related ·to Occupation, Age and Sex Age and SeX 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-59 60+ ,----"-- I ,-~- , ----. ,---'- I "- P M F P M F P M F P M F ""' P M F 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 6 6 6 6 4 7 5 2 2 4 __. 2 2 2 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 .-- . 1 1 .- 6 5 9 7 2 7 7 3 1 2 -4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '" 1 - 1 1 1 2 1 . 1 1 APPl!NDlX Leisure time Activity As Related to Occupation Description of Leisure Time activity Age and Sex 0--14 15--19 .-__._~ .-____-----A. ___----" P M F P M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. Clerks and Shop Assistants To look-after the son No leisure time activity Watching T.V. Programme Playing Cards Gossiping Reading News Paper Worship of deities " ., Paper reading and watching T.V. Programme. Transistor listening • . . . \ 7. IiItermedfate professional & No leisure time activity related posts. Secondary teach- Kitchen gardening . . er~ etc. Reading and chanting Mantras Reading Books & News Paper News paper reading & Walking . . --- Playing Table Tanis, Football and Volley ball Reading books & watching T.V. Programme Radio Listening ... Wandering and News paper readjng Watching T.V. Programme . Teach and lookafter the children . Watching T.V. and News paper reading 8. Medium Business No leisure time activity 1 Watching T.V. Programme Social dealings . Chanting Mantras . . Palmistry and Jyotish work Reading News Paper & Playing Cards Worship . . . To meet friends and relatives 9. Higly professional and salarised No leisure time activity . Posts Reading Newspaper & Books Going fl)r walk ... Reading, writing and playing games . Reading books, Tracking and photography Gardening and reading. . . . Reading News paper, walking and playing cards Radio listening Watching T.V. Programme Social work Kitchen gardening Studies . . . . Journalism and watching T.V. Watching T.V. and Reading papers. 10. Cultivators • Gossiping • • • 1 1 3 3 No leisure time activity. 2 2 5 1 4 Radio Listening 11. Un-ClasSified . No leisure tims: activity . . Social Service -'. . Watching T.V. Programme News paper reading • . . Playing Hockey . . . . To attend the club and committee . --Grand Total .- 4 21 12 9 332 TABLE ·77~Concld. Occupation, Agealld Sex Age And Sex ------20-24 25-34 35-44 45- -59 60 ,---- -".------, r-- -A.._ r--- _..A.. ____ , .-___---A. __-----, r------, P M F P M P M F PM F P .M F ---- 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 :S-- I ~ 2 5 4 2 2 I 1 I 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 6 4 2 2 2 2 I 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 8 3 5 11 1 10 2 2 6 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 - -r 1 2 ~ 1 f2. 2 .1 1 49 37 12 114 73 41 99 68 31 :1.1 5 78 37 32 31 r ,SOURCE: Household.Survey data, .3986-87. 92'L/S120DCOHP-73 .3.33 APPENDtX Places of Name When Legends/History if any Construction Principal Important fe~tivals associated established details dieties with Name Season 2 3 4 5 6 7 .------~------ Radha-Krishan Very old No particular legend and Cemented with Radha, Krishan, Krishan Aug, Sept. Temple history behind it. wooden doors Shiv!!, Parwati Janam-Ashtami & and windows Ganeshand Ram-Naumi April, Hanuman. Navratras. Kali Mandir, About SO years Sh. Bhola Dass Chela Sh. Cemented Kalimata, Navratra, April, Cactt.Road old Chetan Dass who was a Santoshi Mata. Krishan October. Dhannsala great Bhagat of Kalimata Janam Ashthmi had made this temple about 50 years ago. Hanuman Mandir 33·34 years olJ Hanuman Murti is very old., Modern R.C.C. Hanumanji Hdiluman Navratras previously there was only. oR Ramchahderji Jayanti April-October spot Shiva, Parvati Navratras Accorting to & Ganesh. All Hindus Hindu Calender, Krishan, festivals Durga. BhagsuNag About 6,000 Bhagsu was king ofDaityas, Concrete, stone, Nag with Shiv· Shivratri, Winter Temple years old in the middle of Dwaper. roof slate, Tiles ling Pindi, Radha Ashtmi August, Due to the shortage of and marble Akhand Dhuna (Naumi) September water in Ajmer, Bha~u - "'Torever,Durga Ashad Ashtmi July went in search of water. He and Holy lanl< went on the top of it hill about 1800 feet above from sealevel where he took water from the DaI of Nag, when Nag came to know it then he followed the Bhagsu, who was resting there and killed by' Nag. The water which was taken by Bhagsu fell down which is now a fountain of water. Bhagsu requested the Nag that his name should be world fame. Nag assured the Bhagsu that your name would be prior to my name. So it can be known as Bhagsunag. Dureveshwar Very old Wandering Maharshi Dur- Cement Shanker Bhag- Radha Ashtmi August, Mahadev veshwar reached this Holy wan, Copper Septemb:!r Ashram and died here. Nag Pratcema Kuna! Pathri No particular history Mata Time Modern R.C.C. 1. Murti of Navratras -October, lmmemorial Cement Durga Mata festival April 2. Shiv Ling Vaishno Devi Not Known It was built in oc.curance to R.C.C. Murti of Navratras October, Temple the famous Vaishno Mata Vaishno Deviji April of Jammu Area. Wor~hip (Temples) Special ~ctivi'ip5, jf any e.g. Managerr:ent and control Financial details Assets and liabiIlties Remarks including avera Philanthropic educadoa socio- (brief Jetails of CelUCl :01 (a) Income (.l) Assets in R •. ge N). of dwotees with cultural of office bearers) (b) expenditure (b) liabilities in Rs. caste back ground etc. 8 9 10 11 12 Katha, Kirtan, Yagya. Tnn is Sanatan Dharmsabha (a) Chal'dawaalldincome Temple & nine rooms 10-20 persons pf.C day of also used for r~~ide:ltial pur- Kotwali bazar Dharm from Inn approx Rs. 400/ and nine halls. every caste two Bowlies poses sala President Sh. Walia, per month. (a) Appropximate existing in temple complex Vice-President Sh. Ram (b) Maintenance Expen Rs.60,000. Chandra. Secretary Sh. diture of ' temple Rs. 300 (b) Nil Kamal Kant Manocha, per month Pay ofPoojari. Puiari Sh. Jagat Ram. 5-10 devotees of various Havan during Navratl'u SherDJss 'C I~b' (.d 'Cl1an)a'va' Rs. 10J (a) Temple & double Bhola Dass who is w)rk per month ~torey building. Approxi castes visit the temple ing as pujari management (b) Maintenance. mate of Rs. ~O,OOO per day and central also unrter (b) Nil him Havan Path in Navratra~ Managing committee po- Ca) Not known (a) Temple building Approximately 100 divo Kirtan Puja lice staff President Sh. (b) Not known (b) Nil tees VLiit ,1 'ly Kishor Chand other are Vice President, secretary and cashier. Havan on ~hivratri Day, Tap,wan Saul's Trust, (a) M:ay to Oct. Summer (a) Temple building Rs. Approximately 100-100 L'mger, A.,ht .. m. Ihv.. n S,a '~ \ wo ~'ear~ privr to Rs' 7C()O-lO,OOa winter ::!O,OOO land 10 kanal devotees visit the temple Puja this there was a govt. 2,000 Donation Rs. Inn 5 rooms. dailY· committee, 10,COO. (b) No liabilities. (b) Wood for Dhuna Rs. 6,000. F oodsrain& Rs. 4,000. Worship and Shiv Pat!1 Mundir Committee (al Chardawa. No account (a) Temple & surround- Approximately 60-100 per maintained. ing land sons visit the temple daily (b) To purchase prasad, (b) Temple repairs etc. During fair S thousands of Dhoop etc. people all castes visit the fair. Pujapath during Navratra. Management Committee. (a) Chardawa (a) Temple building and Approltimately 40-60 Prayer everyday. (b) Expenditure on repair Inn. devotees visit the temple & maintenance of (b) Repairs and Main- every day. Large Number temple & Pay of Pujari. tenance of temple. of deyotees visit during Navratras. Daily Puja Prayers & special There is only one Pujari (a) Offerings (a) Temple Approximately 40-50 puja during Navratras. who looks after the tem- (b) Upkeep of the temple. (b) Nil devotees of all castes pIe. offer prayers daily. SOURCE: Field Survey data,1986-87. 335 ApPENDIX Particulars abollt Church Name When Legends/history if any Construction Principal I mportant Festivals associated with established defails duties' Name Season _------2 3 4 5 6 7 ---- St. Johan's lR52 Johan was a Baptist, whose Building stone, Je~us Christ X-Ma~ day 25 Dec. Church name British army built this Cement, wood Ester Mar.-Apr. church in 1852. and Iron sileets change accord ing to the calan der. Gurdwara Approximately Guru Nanak Sahib Four storied Gurt'lgranth All Guru parves Sunday 200 years old. stayed for one night building m"lde of Sahib are celebrated Daily prayer here while on the modernRCC specially way to Manikaran. Reconstruction (i) Guru Nanak on 10-7-1977. Dev (2) Guru Govind Singh (3) Guru Arjun Dev (4) Every First day of Hindu Ollander month (5) Every Sunday (6) Daily Prayer TAUUl-79 and Gurdll'ara Special activities. if any e.g. Managem.:nt and COll Financial Assets and Liabilities Rem:trks including ave Philanthropic free educa lrol (Brie(details of edu (a) 'Income (a) Assets in Rs. rage number of devotees tion Socio-cultural cation office bearers) (b) Expenditure (b) Liabilities in Rs. with caste back ground etc. 9 ]0 11 12 Every Sunday at I t' AM Diocese of Amritsar (pb.) (a) Approx. Rs.30:}! (a) Church Building Approximltcly about Prelching of Holy Bibl,: in Bishop Anand Chandu Lli PM. from offering in and a big hall ill 30 peop!;: every type thc church. pri~st-one Pay-Rs. 400 the church. (b) Ex the grotln,l of the visit dailY. P.M. President Sh_Bazir penditure Rs. 400/-Pm. church. A bell about 400 Kg. Treasurer-Sh. Prem the pay of Priest. (b) No liabilities weight it aiso hanging in David. the can,pus of the church. (iJ Pro:aching of Granth Man,lgem.:nt bylocaJele- (a) IncomeRs.1600P.M. (a) Four storied building. No Govt. aid, run by local Sahib. ctedcOIL1.nittee (b) Expenditure Rs. 1600 three stori~s are rented Munaging Committee. (ii) Langer (i) Granthy P.M. out. (iii) Kirtan (b) No liabilities. SOURCE Field Survey data., .1986-87. 337 APPENDIX TABLE-80 Practice of Family Plallning Measures by Religioll, Caste/Tribe, Educatioll and Sex Religion and Caste/Tribe Educational Level , ___Males adopted..A.. Females adopted .- -..A.. , .- -..A.. Illiterate, Below Matrie, Matrie .. Condoml Vasectomy Tubectomy Leproseopie Loop and above Nirodh ------2 3 4 5 6 7 ------Rajput JIliterate 2 5 Literate below matrie 1 3 Matrie and above 3 Brahmin Illiterate Liter!lte below matrie Matne and above 3 Kanojiya Illiterate Literate below matrie Matric and above Badhi lIliterate Literate below matde Matrie and above Mahajan Illiterate Literate below matrie Matrie and above Balmiki Illiterate 2 - l.iterate below matrie 2 Matrie and above 1 Khatri Illiterate Literate below matrie Matrie and above -1 2 Aggarwal Illiterate Literate below matrie 1 Matrie and above Sood illiterate Literate below matrie Matrie and above Ghirith Illiterate Literate below matria Matrie and above 2 Kabir Panthi Illiterate Literate below matfie Matrie and above Gupta Illiterate Literate below matrie Matrie and above 2 Chamar Illiterate Literate below matde Matrle and above Chaudhary Illiterate Literate below matrie Matrie and above Illiterate ~ikh/Saini Literate below matrie Matrie and above ~ Tibetan llliterate Literate below mitrie- 1 Matrie and above Total Illiterate 3 10 2 Literate below matrie 1 6 4 2 Matrie and above 8 10 3 1 l SoURCE: Household (surYei.data._l986-87. 338:; ApPl!NDIX T ABLE-81 Pracfice ofFamily Planning Measures by Religion, Caste/Tribe (lnd Industrial Category and Sex ---- Relirion, Cn,te{ Tribe Industrial Category Number of males Number of females adopted adopted ..A.. ______--... .- .A. , .- Nirodh/ Vasectomy Tubectomy Leproscopic _. Loop condom .. ---.. ----- 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---. ---. Rujput Advocate District Court Cultivator J 4 Tea Stall 1 Labourer Slate mine 1 Clerk in P.O. 1 Chowkidar P.W.D. Assistant Unit Officer Retired Household duty 3 Brahmin Carpet weaver As:,tt. Superintendent NSSO Photographer 1 Range Officer (Forest) 1 Private Business 1 Household duty Kanojla House wife Badhi Storekeeper MES Labourer in const. work . Cultivator Mahujan Teacher M.A. B. Ed. Household duty Balmiki Sweeper 2 Clerk D.C. Office 1 Household duty Khatri Shopkeeper ...J Landlord-cum·orchardist Household Duty Un-employed Aggarwal Clerk Sood Owner of Medical Store T.V. · show room Ghlrith House wife 1 · Midwife 1 Kabirpanthi · Tailor Gupta Assistant in P.W.D. 1 · Secretary Municipal Commi· 1 ttee Chamar · House wife Chaudhry · Sub-Inspector Police Sikh/Saini Contractor Steel Febrication TIbetan · House Foster Total 9 19 17 5 1 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986·87. 339 ApPENDIX Time of Practice n! Family Planning Measllres Religion and Caste/Tribe Agc Group MALES r------,-.-A- -, Total Number of males who are iIli- Number of males literate upto matric .-______terate & who..A..- have practised_____ , standard and who have practised .A. ., During 5-9 yrs. 10+ years During Less 5-9 yrs 10-1 yrs. less than than 5 yrs. 5 yrs. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ---- Rajput Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50~ Brahmin Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 SO"--r Badhi/Dhiman Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ Mahajan Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ Balmiki Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ Khatri Below 20 20-29 :-- 30-39 40-49 50+ Aggarwal Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ . Sood Below 2( -"- 20-29 --30-39 40-49 50+ - .340 __ fABLIi-:'_ a" RelaJed to ReliglOJI and Caste! Tribe. Age alld Educatioll of adoptee MALES FEMALES r------~------~ Numb,er of Males who are Total number of Females Total number of females who Total number of females Matrie and above and who who are illiterate and are literate upto Matrie and who are MOltrk and above ana have practised who have practised who have practised who have practised. r -. .------~------~ ., ,------'------., During 5 -9 yrs. 10 yrs. During 5-9 yrs. 10+ yrs. During 5-9 yes. 10+ yrs. During 5-9 yrs. 10+yrs. Less than Less tnan Less than Less thdn 5 years 5 years 5 yeats 5 years ------9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ------ 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 92-L/S120DCOHP- -24 341 ApPEN Time oj Prar:lice oj Fwnily Plallmng Me as I;rt MALES Religion and Castel Tribe Age Group ~--- Total Number of males who are illi Number ot males literate uptc Matric terate & who have practised standard_____ and who.A... haw' _. practised____ During 5-9 yrs. 10 yr DUfln~ Les 5- -9 y..:ars 10·. yn less than 5 than 5 yrs. yrs. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 K'lbirpanthi Below 20 2G-29 3G-39 40--49 50'1 Gupta Below 20 20-29 3G-39 40-49 50+ Ch(>udhry Below 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50· Kanojiya Below 20 20-29 3G-39 40-49 50 Ghirith Below 20 2G-29 3G-39 40-49 50+ :ham'H Below 20 2G-29 30-39 40=-49 50- Sikh/Saini Below 20 2G-29 30-39 40-49 50· Iibetan/Bodb Below 20 2G-29 3G-39 40--49 40+ TOTAL Below 20 20-29 3G-39 1 1 40-49 I I 50 T 1 1 O. TOTAL 2 2 2 342 T ABLB-82-concld. as Related to Religion and Caste/Tribe, Age and Education o/adoptee MALES FEMALES Number of Males who are Total number of Females Total number of females Total number of females .., Matric and above and who who are illiterate and who are ilIiterate'upto Matric who are Matric and above and have practised who have practised and who have practised who have practised -, r------~------~ .---..___,------During 5-9 10+ During 5-9 10+ During 5-9 10+ During 5-9 10+ Less than yrs. yrs. Less than yrs. yrs. Less than yrs. yrs. less than yrs. yrs. 5 yrs. 5 yrs. 5 yrs. 5 yrs --- 9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 2(5 " - 2 1 --_ - 1 2 1 1 -_ 1 2 3 -_ 6 1 5 - 2 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 -_ 2 1 5 8 3 9 10 2 4 3 1 1 2 SOURCE: Household Survey data, 1986-87. 92-L/S120DCOHP-25 )'~ ~ APPENDIX TABLE-83 Particulars About Jail as on 31-12-86 Name Location Land within Accommodation No.ofprisoners No. of Prisoners accommodated during 1985-86 the compound available by accommodated by nature of crime class of prisoners during last one year by class --"------__ Nature of Crime Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 .--- District Jail Dharmsala Near about 3 III 52 Prisoners III 953 Dharmsala acres agriculture II 2 II 2 415,302,IPC 19 land Prisoners 379/34/304/IPC . 3 61 (i) (14) 55 408IPC 1 279/427IPC 2 512/409/461/497 2 409IPC 2 16/9) (1) 9F.A.• 12 457/380IPC 7 39 Arm Act. 4 14 of Foreigners act 2 7 of essential commodities Act 4 446CRPC 7 229IPC 2 16 (a) (i) PFA 12 302/201/307IPC 4 394IPC 2 279/304 3 420IPC 1 25/54/59 1 120/467 1 No. of Prisoners accommodated during last Useful vocational Scope of earning, Partic\dars of other Problems of disci one year by duration of imprisonment training if any if any, during im- facilities pline prisonment Duration Number 8 9 10 11 12 13 <: 6 months 75 Yes The Prisoners are Remission under the Nil 6 months to one year 105 imparted training in remission system 2-3 years. 144 -~ various -trades such 4-SYoars. as Carpentary, Gar- 6-10 years 29 dening for that they More than 10 years 84" are paid wages @ Rs. 3.45 p. per day SOURCE Superintendent Jail, District Jail Dharmsala. 344 ApPENDIX T ABLE-84 Knowledge of Indian Social Legis/ations as related to Religion/Caste/Tribe/Community & Education of informant Religion/Caste! Total No. of No. of Illiterate having No. of Literate upto Matric No. of educated above matric Tribe/Community informations knowledge/no kno,w1edge standard having knowledge/ having knowledge/No kno· about Indian Legislation No knowledge about Indian wI edge about Indian Social Social Legislation Legislation ,----"- I ----, I Aware Not Aware Aware Not Aware Aware Not Awaro ---_-- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 --- HINDU 222 9 34 111 40 56 2 Raj put 79 5 20 29 12 13 Brahmin 56 4 20 10 21 Knojiya Badhi 8 3 2 2 - / - Nai 1 Kabirpanthi 2 - Chamar 2 1 Mahajan ..,_ 8 2 2 4 Balmiki 11 2 3 5 Mehra (Sunar) 3 2 Ghirith 4 1 2 Khatri 21 2 10 7 Sood 7 6 Chaudhry 3 Aggarwal 2 Kaistha 2 Malhotra Gupta 3 3 Lohar 2 Sehgal Pherera 1 Kohli 1 1 ZheeT Kumhar Jat SIKH 7 2 2 2 2 1 Jat " Saini. 1 Mahajan 3 2 1 Majgotra 1 1 MUSLIM 1 Sayed - 1 - - 1 BUDDHIST .- 30 -4 4 10 6 6 ~30 '4 4 10' 6 6 Tibetan ". Tofal 260 9 38 87 5:r 65 .9- SOURCE : Household 'Survey data, 1986·87. 345 ApPllNDlX Frequency of being visited by Friends, Relatives and Economically connected Total Households which were visited Households which Number of as Category of relation friend were visited by households etc. friends. , _____Relations..A.. ______-, Locality ,-----A. r----"---.. Number Average Average Total Average Father Mother of Number distance Number distance house- per house- ffom of house· from holds holds where holds where v~ited (a) come per come per house- house- hold ,_-A.--, r---"---, hold (b) a b a b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ""--- (a) Dharmkot . 15 J5 1.0 50.1 (b) Naddi ~a) Forsythganj 8 8 11.2 169.2 3.0 b) Bhagsunag ~a) Mcleodganj b) Gamroo • 7 7 1.0 33.9 " Sangam Park . 5 5 1.2 146.2 ~) Khajanchi Mohalla 6 6 1.5 48.5 2 '11.0 7.0 ~ Chander Marg . Kotwali East . 9 9 1.1 80.1 1 10.0 Kotwali West • 12 12 1.3 62.2 4 63.0 4 53.2 (a) Arya Samaj (b) Gurdwara area 8 8 1.4 47.7 3 60.6 4 59.5 Chilgari 14 14 1.4 82.9 1 100.0 4 133.5 Kachehri Adda 8 8 1.0 64.1 Depot Bazar 6 6 1.5 41.5 1 5.0 2 15.0 Cjvil Lines 11 11 1.0 87.7 2 195.0 4 103.5 Shaheed Smark 12 12 1.0 82.7 1 60.0 Total 121 121 Locality Relations ---~------.-,------______Other-A._'_' Specify_____ •______ Brother-in-law Sister and her family Sister-in-Law Parents and family Son's wife's Brother his wife Son and his son d 1 24. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 (72) Dharmkot . 1 2.0 1 14.0 7.0 16.0 1. 130.0 (b) Naddi . (a) Forsytbganj (b) Bhagsunag (a) McieOdganj (b) Gamroo Sangam Park 1 60.0 (a) Khajanchi Mohalla (b) Chander Marg . Kotwali East 1 36.0 Kotwali West - __ (a) Arya Samaj (b) Gurdwara area Chilaari Kachchri Adda Depot Bazar • 1 40.0 Civil Lines Shabeed Smack Total 346"'" TABLE-85 Persons by Locality, Households alld Distance ofPlaces from where Visited Relations Brother Son Daughter Other Specify r- Brother & his wife Father-in-law Brother-in-law r--~ r-~ r----A. r-~ r-____...____, A.. a b a b a b a b a b a b ------_--- 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 15,0 3 14,0 2 134,0 1 184,0 3,0 ~,O 1 57,0 3 15.6 60.0 1 60.0 4 24.2 1 10.0 2 117.0 50.0 1 62.0 1 54.0 1 65.0 15.0 2 95.0 5 93.2 2 113.5 1 48.0 2 48.0 1 3.0 3 31.0 5 84.6 ------_-5 80.0 1 38.0 38.0 45.0 1 310.0 ------Relations Other Specify ------lusband's brother's Son Wife and Son Brother's Wife Daughter & family Sister Mother and Father of Son's Wife , _ ___.A.----, A.. r----"------; r-----A. a b a b a b a b a b a b 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 1 16.0 1 200.0 1 5'.0 1 32.0 1 16.0 1 95'.0 1 22.0 1 163.0 2 108.5 1 8.0 1 35.0 1 119.0 1 71.0 1 3.0 347 APP!NDlX Frequency of being visited by Friends, Relatives and Economically Connected t. --- Relations Other Specify Locality Motheris Brother's 'uncle Husband's mother Son's wife's Brother Father Brother's Husband's Sister family ,-----'- ,--_..A. ,----'-----, ,----"--., ,-_..A. a b a b a b a b a b ------46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 (a) DhllJ'lllkot . - (b) Naddi ( (a) Forsythganj (b) Bhagsunag (a) Mclcodganj (b) GaQ.ll'oo Sangam. Park (0) Khajanchi Mohalla '1 40.0 (b) <:;.bander Marg KotwaIi East 1 48.0 80.0 24.0 Kotwali West . (0) Arya Samaj 1 10.0 (b) Gurdwara area QUlgari Kachehri Adda 14.0 1 96.0 Depot Bazar Civil Lines ShahCed Smark Total SoURCl! : Household Suryey data, 1986·87. TABLE-85-concld. Persons by Locality, Households and Distance 0/ Places fjom where visited Reiations Other personal Average friends of distance Other Sepecify relatives from r---~ where Mother-in-Law Brother's Sons Wife Husband Unspecified Number of Number visitor's and their family households per house- come hold per r--.... --. .-_-.A. __• r--·'t-----. r---.A.--. r--.A.---. house- a b a b a b a b a b hold _--_._--.-. ------_------_-- 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 .------3 20.0 2 522.5 349 ApPENDIX Frequency of Visit to Rural Areas by Members Migration Status , _____---.A.. Categories of Places _ , -.A. Rural Area in,the same district Rural Area in ------~ Kangra Una Chamba Migration Status and place of last , --. .------'- r- ..A. ell ~ VI residenc~ of head of Household '" ~ 8 '.p 8 '.p~ ~ j ~ ~ .~ ~ '.p ~ ,\ol :~ u ... ~ 8 .~ "":::I 8 .~ .~ '5 ~ ... ::s ;> c:: ~ ~ c: . 0 I-< ~ & & 8 I-< ~ & ~ 0 I-< ~ & .i:i; 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 A. Non-Migrant Who do not have place of last residence 4 4 11 3 - 2 B. Migrant I. Lasrtesidence outside the town but within the district (a) R 2 4 7 5 13 (b) U 2, 2 1 4 n. Last residence'Outside the district but within state R r 1 U Hamirpur R U ...... 3 Shimla R 1 U 4 - 1 Bilaspur ~ R U 1 ..ch.!lmba R U Kullu R- U 3 Mandl R - U 1 Kinnaur R - 1 Labul-& Spiti R 1 - m. Chandigarh U 1 Punja1)- . R - U 2 Karnataka. R . U U.P•• R - U 1 & K R U West Bengal R U Bihar R U Haryana R U 1 Maharashtra R U 1 M.P. R U 1 Rajasthan R U 1 IV. Last residence in the other Country, Pakistan Total 11 14 24 7 39 3 1 2 2 2 1 SoUllCI : Household Survey data, 1986-87. 350 TABLE-F6 With reference to Place of Last residence of Head of Household and Category of Places Visited Visited and Frequency the districts of the State ------~-_._------Mandi Shimla ,-___------.A.-.. Hamirpur ______-, .------~------;.., ,-----___,,__ '"S· ~ ~ '';:: ..§ ~ .~B .""""~ ., t=: '';:: u 8 ... .., ...... , ,~ - 'C ;:l ,~ ,~ - 8 '~ 8 ::I ,~ c: ..c 0 > c::: ~ 2l ~ ~ :s0 f: 0 !-< f-< ~ li.; 0 ~ f5 &: ~ 0 !-< !-< Il< ti'; 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ----- 28 29 30 31 - - - 1 1 1 - " - . 1 _- 1 ...... 1 2 1 2 AppeNDIX Frequency 0/ Visit to Rural Areas By Members Migration Status Catagories of places Rural Area in this district of the State Rural Area -I\1igration Status and place of ------~ last residence of head of , ______---A.Bilaspur______----, Punjab Househokl r------A..-"------__-, Once Twice Thrice Four Five Once TWIce Thrice Four Five times times times times 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 A. Non-Migrant Who do not have place of last residence B. M!!rant I Last residence out side the town but within the district (0) R (b) U 1 n. Last residence outside the district but within the state. R U Hamirpur R U "_ _._ - ...... Shimfa R -...... - - U '- .- - Bilaspur R - ..... U -_ _ _._ - - Chamba R . U - - - -- Kullu- R - U "'- Mandi _. R - -...... - U - -- - ...... ·- -- Kinmiur R Lahul & Spiti. R U m. Chandigarh " - Punjab- .- R 1 3 U - 1 1 Karnataka. "R - - -·U . ,- Uttar Pradesh " . R - U "_ . 1 & K •-R - ~ - .__ -U 1 " - · West Dengal R ..._ -U ...... Bihar R U - Haryana R .._ U Maharashtra R - U _- M.P•• .::=.- · -uR . __. . --::- Rajasilian . -R -- u ~ lV. Last residence in the othgr country ?akistap_ 1 Total 1 2 4 5 1 1 357 TABLE-86--concld. With Reference to place 0/ last Residence of Head 0/ Household and Category ,;f Places Visited Visited and Frequency -~-~------~-----r-~------in other States I ' Arunachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Haryana .- ~------. --. OnCe Twice Thrice Four Five Once Twice Thrice Four Five OnCe Twice Thrice Four Five Total times times tim~s times times tim:s 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 24 33 13 3 1 - J -- 3 - 1 13 - 1 - 2 . 1 - 3 - . - 6 2 1 1 1 - 4 - "- - 6 - . - 1 ._ 2 r- - 1 - - 1 "..... 1 ,,_ .- 1 . 2 '- 1 1 2 __ - - 1 -- - _,,_- - . 1 - ..,_ - _-- .- - - 1 . - - 1 - .- -~ 1 1 - 2 -- 1 134 353 .~ .... ApPENDIX Visit to Rural Areas by Memhers Migration Status with reference to Place of Last Reference of Migration Status and place Categories of Places Visited and purpose Rural Area of last residence of head of ------~------hOl,lseholQ Rural area in same district Kangra Una District - .------'------'------.::....,____, r-~~~------~ Social Private To meet To look To att- Dom- To att· Social Private To meet To look- To att- visit visit relatives after end estic end visit visit relatives after end proper- marri- Work death proper- marri- ty age cere ty age mony ------~-... ---'" _... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ------A. Non-Migrant (who 4,0. not have place of last residence) . 5 5 11 B. (I) Migrant (Kan~a) last residence out SIde the town but within the distt... . R 4 2 15 7 2 U 2' 2 -4 2- (II) Last residence (Una) out sid.et~e Distt but \Ylthlll the State R - .,__ U 1 - "'- Hamirpur R ..._ U \l - Shimla R ~1 U _2 1 "1 - Bilaspur R -. - U - "'- 'W., 1 Chamba - ...R. U - KuJlu -. R - U 2 2 - 'Mandi -. ...R. - -"- U -I ~1 - ~ Kinnaur '-, R . Lahul & Spiti R (IIi) Punj~b . ~ Last resIdence In other State ' '-R. =- - - U -1 -l 1 - - 1 - - Chandigarh y. - - :.. R - Karnataka ·u - .....- - - U,P. R - - _U ;;.1 - .. ." R ,- _- -= J&K :"0 - - . ---. ._ ...... - _.... :W. Bengal R - - -U - ~ Bihar - - - - ·:t _ - ...... - -- .",,_ Haryana_.- . _R ~- _._U ';..&. -J. . - - Maharashtra - - '1 J .. ""- .M.P. . :t -. 1 -- :.... Rajasthan R - _y 1 - - IV Last residence in other country ._ pakistan ~ 3~ Total 21 12 40 18 " 3 1 354 T:AlILE-87 Head of Hou" 'hold alld Categories of Places Visited alld Purpose in the other district in the State Shimla Chamba Mandi ___h_. ,----- _..---A-_---, __ .--;;&.,. _. _ ~ ,------_...... __ . ----, ,--- , ---, , CJ ~ ;., ~ 11 ~ 8. 0. '";l 0. 1 1 1 1 L l 1 -_ .- 1 2 2 t 355 APPBNDIX Visit to Rural Areas by Members Migration Status With Reference to Place of Last Residence Migration Status and Rural area in the other districts in the State Rural Area place of last residence ------...,.._~..,_----~------of head of household Hamirpur Bilaspur Punjab .------"-----'----"""'Ir-----,__ ,__A.. ______"""'I. ______.A. ___ ------, I I 0) 0)• 0) 0 0- c- OD P. a 0:1a '" 0 '" ...0 ...0 01 ~ tl. .~ 0- .~ ~ c- .~ .";:: .~ .~ .~ ...... 0... .";:: .!!l kj ;0;:: .;;:; Q,) ~ ... ~ .!!l ~ .;;:; Total 1 2 2 1 3 3 6 SOURCE : HOusehold Survey data, 1986-87 356 T ABLE-87-eOffeld. 0/ Head of Household and Categories 0/ Places visited and Purp(lse in the ot]1er States ------Arunachal Pradech Jammu & Kashmir Haryana .A._ -~ --- -- ..., r .A. ----., , ... , ... eo 0- &'n 6. ~ 0- cd 0 cd ....0 '" .... oS '" 8 cd .~ 0- '~ ~ 0- .~ C- '2 ,t: O; :g cd ."::: ... ~ ;:; ~ ~ ."::: '\) ::g'" ~ ~ al .:a ,;:: 'ij; .::: ~ ."* ;> .... .::: '0 '" '" 'E '0 ~ cd ;; .... oj :> ..... cd ~ '0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 357 Entry to martyrs memorial Front view of martyrs memoria! A pond overlooking the pine trees adds peace at the site - A beautiful Park adjacent 10 the memorial Red and Black stone steps to reach-up-to the Shaheed memoriaJ An enemies-captured tank A trycolour afloat at the D.C. office I.N.S. Viraat An old bell at the Christian Church at Forsythganj A workers meeting nt the Chief Engineer's Office Front view of the newly constructed District Hospital A view of the locality y Distant view of the Dhauladhar ranges An old Church at Forsythganj Hanuman h:mple near the District Court Side view of the Tihetan monastery-prayer wheels are shown in red . colour Entrance to the buddhist monastery Prayer wheels are rotated at the monastery at Mcleodganj Steps at the martyrs memorial The Tibetan prayer wheel at l\1c1eodganj - A foreigner at a Tibetan Shop at Mcleodganj Interior of a Tibetan shop at Mcleodganj / Painting at the roof of a monastery at Mdeodganj Foreigners at the Tibetan monastery in Mcleodganj A Tibetan shopkeeper closely scrutinizing her show room