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Cultivating a Past: Essays on the History of Hadley, Massachusetts

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Cultivating a Past: Essays on the History of Hadley, Massachusetts Cultivating a Past Cultivating a Past is a project of the Hadley Historical Commission in partnership with the Publications Committee of the 350th Celebration Steering Committee. It is gratefully dedicated to Katharine R. Nugent (1947–2007) in honor of her many years of service to the town and her generous support of this project. CULTIVATING A PAST Essays on the History of Hadley, Massachusetts edited by Marla R. Miller University of Massachusetts Press Amherst Copyright © 2009 by University of Massachusetts Press all rights reserved Printed in the United States of America lc 2009006520 isbn 978-1-55849-700-9 Designed by Steve Dyer Set in Minion by Binghamton Valley Composition, Inc. Printed and bound by Sheridan Books, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cultivating a past : essays on the history of Hadley, Massachusetts / edited by Marla R. Miller. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-55849-700-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Hadley (Mass. : Town)—History. 2. Hadley (Mass. : Town)—Social life and customs. I. Miller, Marla R. F74.H14C85 2009 974.4'23—dc22 2009006520 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data are available. Excerpt from “Half-Hanged Mary,” from Morning in the Burned House by Margaret Atwood. Copyright © 1995 by Margaret Atwood. Reprinted by permission of McClelland & Stewart Ltd. and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Publication of this volume was aided by support from the Hadley Historical Commission and the Town of Hadley 350th Anniversary Celebration Committee. contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Pastkeeping in Another Small Place Marla R. Miller 1 1. Quanquan’s Mortgage of 1663 Alice Nash 25 2. Before Hadley: Archaeology and Native History, 10,000 bc to 1700 ad Siobhan M. Hart, Elizabeth S. Chilton, and Christopher Donta 43 3. The Fortification of Hadley in the Seventeenth Century J. Edward Hood and Rita Reinke 68 4. Web of Secrecy: Goffe, Whalley, and the Legend of Hadley Douglas C. Wilson 91 5. The “Goffe Bible”: Succor for the Regicides? Martin Antonetti 121 6. “There shall be a wonder in Hadley!”: Mary Webster’s “Hideous Witchcraft” Bridget M. Marshall and Brian W. Ogilvie 135 7. Hannah Barnard’s Cupboard: Female Property and Identity in Eighteenth-Century New England Laurel Thatcher Ulrich 154 8. The Sober People of Hadley: Sumptuary Legislation and Clothing in Hadley Men’s Probate Inventories, 1663–1731 Lynne Z. Bassett 191 9. “We owe something more than prayers”: Elizabeth Porter Phelps’s Gift of Church Silver and Her Quest for Christian Fellowship Karen Parsons 211 v vi Contents 10. Commerce and Community: A Case Study of the Rural Broommaking Business in Antebellum Massachusetts Gregory H. Nobles 232 11. In Defense of Fighting Joe Stephen W. Sears 250 12. Poles and Puritans Peter Hardin 271 13. America’s Blind Naturalist: Clarence Hawkes and the World He Lived In James A. Freeman 284 14. “Like one of the trees”: Roger Sessions and Hadley Andrea Olmstead 317 15. Preserving Mt. Holyoke Ethan Carr 335 Notes on Contributors 359 Index 365 illustrations Kate Nugent frontispiece I.1 Dorothy Russell 10 1.1 Quanquan’s mortgage to Zachariah Field, 1663 27 2.1 A variety of projectile points from North Hadley 49 2.2 Native American pottery sherds from an archaeological site in North Hadley 51 2.3 Stone flakes and a pottery sherd recovered from an archaeological site in Hockanum, Hadley 55 2.4 Projectile point display at the Hadley Historical Society 59 2.5 Professional archaeologists from UMass Archaeological Services working on the Hockanum School Stabilization Project 61 3.1 Main area of the early colonial settlement of Hadley 71 3.2 Reconstruction of the original homelots of Hadley 75 3.3 Excavation unit at the Porter Lot 83 3.4 Cross-section of soil strata in excavation at the Porter Lot 85 3.5 Reconstruction of the Hadley fortification 87 4.1 William Goffe as the Angel of Hadley (engraving by John McRae, 1859) 94 5.1 Title page of the Goffe Bible 124 7.1 Hannah Barnard cupboard 156 7.2 Mary Rowlandson cupboard 159 7.3 “MS” chest with drawers 161 7.4 “SH” chest with drawers 162 7.5 Sites associated with chests 163 7.6 Sarah Strong chest with drawer 164 7.7 “SW” chest with drawers 165 vii viii Illustrations 7.8 Tin-glazed earthenware plate, England, early eighteenth century 166 7.9 Tapestry cushion cover, England, c. 1610–1615 167 7.10 Hannah Barnard Hastings pedigree 169 7.11 Silver tankard, c. 1700–1710 175 7.12 Hannah Barnard relatives 178 7.13 Handwritten inscription, Hanah Wescar Ejus Liber 180 7.14 Detail of “RA” chest with drawers 181 7.15 Giovanni Bapttista Verini, Alla Illustra..., title page 182 8.1 Conjectural drawing of Captain George Corwin (1610–1685) 193 8.2 Portrait of a man, Boston, c. 1675–1690 193 8.3 A lower-class man’s costume of the late seventeenth century 193 8.4 Drawing of Elizabeth Paddy Wensley of Boston, based on her portrait of c. 1675 203 8.5 A working class woman of the 1670s 203 9.1 Thomas C. Fletcher (1787–1866) and Sidney Gardiner (1791–1869), two-handled communion cups, Boston, 1808–1813 212 9.2 Forty Acres 213 9.3 Unknown maker, two-handled communion cup, probably England, 1824 214 9.4 Unknown maker, two-handled communion cup, probably England, 1781–1784 221 11.1 Celebration in honor of Joseph Hooker on the Hadley common, 1895 251 12.1 Population of Hadley, 1885–1920 274 12.2 Economic indicators in Hadley, 1865–1930 275 12.3 Births in Hadey, 1885–1935 280 13.1 Clarence Hawkes 286 14.1 Roger Sessions in the 1920s 323 acknowledgments I thank Clark Dougan at the University of Massachusetts Press for his ever- cheerful support of local history, and also the anonymous readers whose valu- able suggestions greatly strengthened the book. Doug Wilson passed away before the collection reached completion, but in some ways it was his well-timed query about the publication of his research on the Hadley regicides that spurred this volume’s inception. More recently, my colleague David Glassberg gener- ously read the introduction and other parts of the manuscript; his perceptive comments and practical advice are always welcome, and, as ever, I am grateful for his collegiality. The book also owes a debt to the hardworking members of the Publications Committee of the 350th Celebration Steering Committee, Mary Thayer, Claire Carlson, and Jo-Ann Konieczny, and to Dave Martula, who co-chaired the 350th Celebration planning effort with Mary Thayer. Although the preparation of this book has often been a solitary endeavor, their commitment to the larger anniversary enterprise in many ways made it possible, and they were always quick to offer encouragement and advice along the way. Other supporters of Hadley history who have aided this effort include Eleanor Niedbala, who gra- ciously provided the image of the Joseph Hooker celebration from the collec- tions of the Hadley Historical Society, Miriam Pratt, who supplied the photo of her sister Dorothy Russell (and Rick Thayer, who nicely digitized it), and the family of Kate Nugent, who supplied the photograph of this much-missed friend and neighbor. Thanks are due the repositories and publishers who gener- ously allowed us to reprint or publish material, waiving all or most of the cus- tomary fees. I also thank each of the authors whose scholarship is represented here for making an enduring contribution to the history of our community. Some of them picked up work laid aside long ago to share their knowledge with new readers, and I am very grateful for their willingness to do so. Peter Hardin is to be particularly thanked for taking a cold call from a total stranger and agreeing to revise a thesis he thought he was done with more than thirty years ago. I also extend special thanks to James A. Freeman, who with his never-ending good ix x Acknowledgments cheer and wide-ranging curiosity embraced my request that he launch an en- tirely new project simply for the sake of this volume. At the press, Mary Bellino deserves much more than mere gratitude for her careful attention and dedication to this project. Sally Nichols, Jack Harrison, Carol Betsch, and Carla Potts offered their usual patience and insight, for which I am also thankful. Finally, this book would not have been possible without the encouragement and financial support of the Hadley Historical Commission. The commission had long ago earmarked funds toward a volume that would carry forward the story Sylvester Judd began to tell in the nineteenth century; when the planning for the town’s 350th anniversary began, they agreed to put those funds toward this book. I am grateful to Margaret Freeman and Peg Tudryn (chair and sec- retary when this project began), for their enthusiasm for this enterprise, and for all their hard work through the years to preserve the resources—from manuscripts and ledgers to buildings and landscapes—that make such books possible. Selectboard member Kate Nugent likewise inspired us all, devoting her most precious hours to the betterment of the town. Her generous financial contribution to the Publications Committee made this volume possible. Her con- tribution to our community is too large to capture here. She will be remembered long and fondly. The following chapters are reprinted by permission: Douglas C. Wilson, “Web of Secrecy: Goffe, Whalley, and the Legend of Hadley,” New England Quarterly 60, no. 4 (December 1987): 515–48; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, “Hannah Barnard’s Cupboard,” in Through a Glass Darkly, edited by Ronald Hoffman, Mechal So- bel, and Fredrika J.
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