Sonnet

JOHN PATON Killara, NSW, Australia August 1982

TO A CAMELLIA Sweet Celestial Flower, Which burst from green-ed womb so ripe: What awe I feel that Life Produced in you such hues superb From dull brown earth and greying stem, To so delight my eyes, Where curves and shapes, your nuanced forms Are consummate of Flora's art.

My heart and mind expand so full To contemplate your sight: A yellow'd sere is not your fate! Your life and memory of you their troth will plight! . Oh, I shall love you with the purest thought And will your presence to my very being brought.

The International.Camellia Society was inaugurated in 1962 with the following motives: 1. To foster the love of Camellias throughout the world, and to maintain and increase their popularity. 2. To undertake historical, scientific and horticultural research in connection with Camellias. 3.. To co-operate with all national regional Camellia Societies and with other Horticultural Societies. 4. To disseminate information concerning Camellias by means of bulletins and other publications. 5. To encourage a friendly exchange between Camellia enthusiasts of all nationalities. The International Camellia Journal No. 14 OCTOBER 1982

An Official Publication of The International Camellia Society DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY 1982 PRESIDENT Mrs Violet Lort-Phillips, Channel Islands VICE·PRESIDENTS· Mrs Violet Stone, Baton Rouge, USA Mr John Tooby, Worcester, England Mr Eric Craig, Sydney, Australia REGIONAL DIRECTORS Africa Mr Leslie Riggall, South Africa America Mr Lewis Fetterman, North Carolina Mr Thomas Perkins III, Mississippi Mr William D. Stewart, California Asia Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Japan Mr Yoshiaki Sakakura, Japan Australia Mr John Alpen, New South Wales Mr Ray Garling, Victoria Dr John Pedler, South Australia France M. Claude Thoby, Nantes Italy-Switzerland Dr Antonio Sevesi, Milan New Zealand Mr Owen Moore, Wanganui Portugal Sr Jose Gil de Ferreira, Santo Tirso Spain D. Juan Armada Diez de Rivera, Santiago de Compostela United Kingdom Lady Anne Cowdray, Wiltshire Miss Cicely Perring, Sussex Mr David Trehane, Cornwall Other Regions Mms Ghislaine Rems, Belgium Mrs B. de Veulle, Channel Islands SECRETARY David 1. Davies, Trentham, Mead Road, Chislehurst, Kent, BR76AD TREASURER· Mrs. Joan Bowskill, 193 Ashburnham Road, Chislehurst, Kent, BR7 6AD MEMBERSHIp·REGISTRAT ­ EDITOR Kenwyn Clapp, Colebrook House, Plympton, Plymouth, England

1 Contents Contenu Contenuto Contenido October 1982 A Message from the President 3 Editorial .. 3 Financial Statements . 75 By-laws of I.C.S ... 76 I.C.S. Membership Table . 79 Members Subscription Rates . 80 Membership Lists . 81 PEOPLE AND EVENTS New Society Officers . 4 A New Australian Director 5 International Congress Sacramento . 6 I.C.S. Conference, Egham ,England April 1982 . . Robin Miller 11 Yoshiaki Andoh - Tributes from the Regions . 20 Milton Brown - Appreciation...... John Tooby - Eric Craig 23 Les Jury 1901-1982 ...... David Trehane 25 Tom Savige - An Appreciation ...... Vi Lort-Phillips 25 'Those were the Days" ...... Bernice Gunn 42 Sidelights on the 1981 Jersey Conference ...... Barbara de Veulle 43 I.C.S. Exhibits at R.H.S. Shows 1982 ...... Joyce Wyndham 49 CAMELLIAS ARE TRULY UNIVERSAL Yunnan Camellia Flowers ...... Tom Savige 9 An explanation of the book "Yunnan Camellia Flowers" ...... Xia Lifang 10 A History of the I.C.S ...... Tom Savige & Eric Craig 33 Further Suggestions to assist South African Camellians ...... LE. Alpen 36 Tregrehan, Cornwall, England ...... Tom Savige 47 A Tale of Tali ...... A.E. (peter) Campbell 51 Ten best performers in Tokyo 1982 ...... Yoshiaki Andoh 55 New Zealand National Camellia Show 1981 ...... Mrs. Austen 59 Mrs. Hill's Camellias - North Atlantic U.S A ...... John Alpen 60 Correspondence with China ...... John Tooby & Stephen Haw 64 Land of the Falling Rain ...... Leslie Riggall 67 CULTURE & RESEARCH Cluster for Fragrance ...... Ken Hailstone 16 Is it worth trying? ...... Dr. Jimmy Smart 17 Future Camellia Development ...... Les Jury 26 Sazanka and its hybrids . .. Dr. Clifford R. Parks 29 Gardening Tomorrow...... Violet Lort-Phillips 37 Winter at Broadleas, England...... Lady AnneCowdray 40 Notes on Leonardslee ...... Sir Giles Loder 40 Camellia X Williamsii Trial 1982 Wisley, England . 41 Tissue culture - An Australian up-date ...... John Alpen 44 "3 in one" , .. , , . .. Leonard Webber 56 ''E. G. Waterhouse of Eryldene" ...... Sir Hermann Black 56 Review of ''E. G. Waterhouse of Eryldene" ...... , Margaret Perkins 58 Problems of tissue culture ...... Dr. S. H. Mantell 61 Doncklaeri-Donckelarii ...... '" Tom Savige 66 Placing Camellias in the garden ...... David Trehane 71 ''Bowen Bryant" - An Award of Merit...... Eric Craig 80

Cover: President Elect Violet Lort-Phillips at La Colline, Jersey, C./.

2 Message from the President

Message du President Messaggis del Presidente Messaggis del Presidente

T. J. SAVIGE President, International Camellia Society To the Incoming Executive - Welcome. successes stemmed not only from the fine In the day to day business of running a truly organisational work that was put into them International Society such as our own Inter­ and to the friendship and international frater­ national Camellia Society, with voluntary nisation that occurred, but most of all to the executive officers, it has been found exped­ wonderful hospitality of the host areas. There itious, particularly for the purpose of quick is no doubt that these congresses opened doors, consultation and action, to have the executive and garden gates, and provided opportunities officers grouped in the same country as the not normally available to ordinary tours. President. Exciting and wonderful as all this has been, This principle was adopted at the 1973 it has placed a considerable burden, both in International Congress in Sydney when an time and expense, on the members of the Australian team was nominated around the Executive, many of whom attended all the first President, Professor Waterhouse and has congresses, and now thetime is approaching been followed in the 9 years since. when the guidance of the Societywill be taken On his death I was honoured by being elected over by a new executive. While expressing my as his replacement and the following 5 years own gratitude, and through me the gratitude have been very busy, but most rewarding ones. of all our members, to the various office bearers Supported by an enthusiastic and hard working of the Society who have worked so diligently Executive, the operation of the Society has for the best interests of the Society, I wish to proceeded reasonably smoothly, helped con­ welcome, on their behalf, the new executive siderably by the annual face-to-face Directors officers who will replace them in 1983. meetings where society policy has been decided May they, each and every one, experience and guidelines set for the executive for the the same satisfaction and receive the same ensuing year. . acceptance and co-operation that has been In this time, we have had five excellent and the lot of the present team, who will always most exciting International Congresses, each stand ready to offer any future assistance and exceeding by far our expectations. Their help for which they may be asked.

Editorial Editorial Editorial Editoriale

It was with great regret that the Society has been necessary to arrange the voting and learntthat MrJohn Alpen would be unable to other matters required consequent upon the edit the Society's Journal for 1982. Your change ofexecutive officers and the appoint­ substitute Editor for this year is now able to ment of new directors. Regretfully this has appreciate just how well heand the Society's not left sufficient time to gether in all the earlier Editor, Eric Craig, have served the usual biographical details and photographs of Society. The changeover from Australia to those concerned. Information received in time the United Kingdom has not been easy and if, has been published in this Journal and Society as is hoped, the current Journal achieves its members will be fully introduced to all others aims, this will be largely due to the help, taking office in 1983 in the next Journal. advice andencouragement ofJohn Alpen and Members will have noticed that the "motives" Eric Craig, supplemented by words of wisdom of the Society have been reprinted inside the from our President Tom Savige. front cover of this Journal. All of these are A tremendous amount ofadministrative work important but the fifth is particularly worthy

3 ofattention in view ofthe Congress to be held in Sacramento in 1983. In what better way and in what better place could Camellia enthusiasts enjoy a friendly exchange than at this splendidly arranged and organised Congress in the "Camellia Capital of the World"? In the very first Camellia Journal in 1962 a contn'butor said "I hail this Society with a sense of uplift. So often Society s are born to fight against something. Here is something different; a society offlower flowers - in particular the Camellia - which, amazing though this may seem, is interested in people". May it always remain so.

New Society Officers

Les nouveaux membres du bureau Los nuevos oficiales de la Sociedad I nuovi ufficiali della Societa President-Elect - Mrs. Violet Lort-Pbillips all parts of the world including, of course, a Next January Violet Lort-Phillips will become magnificent collection of camellias. In 1978 the third President of our Society. Born Violet she and her husband formed the Channel St. Aubyn she was as a child captivated by the Island Garden Conservation Trust with the beauty of a camellia growing against the stable aim of preserving the garden for the pleasure wall at the family home in Devonshire. and interest of future generations. She married Raymond Lort-Phillips in 1929 She became a Director of the Society in and it was not until he was invalided out of 1975 and Vice-President in 1981 when she the army in 1945 and they moved to Hampshire organised the Channel Islands leg of the dual that she had a garden where she could grow Santiago/Jersey Congress and many of us were camellias. 'Adolphe Audusson' was the success privileged to visit her garden at La Colline of this garden. House hunting in Jersey twelve and to accept her kind hospitality. Few of us years later she was attracted to La Colline knew that her husband had died a few months because two large camellias had survived the neglect of the war- and post-war years. More camellias were soon planted and when the Society was formed in 1961 she became one of the first members. She undertook a world tour in 1962 under the auspices of the I.C.S. visiting Japan, Australia and New Zealand meeting a number of past and present officers of the Society: Mr Ishikawa and Professor Hagiya in Japan, our past and present President in Australia, Professor Waterhouse and Tom Savige, and Col. Durrant in New Zealand. As a result of this tour more camellias were planted and further visits to America and the continent of Europe followed. Being so close to France she knows that country and its gardens well and is a fluent French speaker. Meanwhile she had transformed the neglected garden at La Colline into a sophisticated series of gardens containing many rare plants from

4 before after a long and trying illness. With her language skills, her gardening ability and her knowledge of camellias in so many countries she is well-equipped to carryon the great tradition established by Professor Waterhouse and Tom Savige.

Treasurer The Society is fortunate in having for its new Treasurer, Mrs Joan M. Bowskill who until 1980 was practising as an Accountant. The duties of Treasurer will not be new to her as she was Treasurer of the Hastings Anglo French Club for 14 years and is currently Treasurer of the Souvenir Normand. Mrs Bowskill has had experience in a number of other fields having started by obtaining a degree in physics at Leicester University College and then working on research in optics at Taylor Hobsons and finally at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough. In addition to her professional work Mrs spending much time in carrying out elementary Bowskill has served the community in a number trials to define the best conditions for of ways having been a Councillor for Hastings germinating Camellia seed and he is finding 'County Borough Council and later a Hastings this a topic of increasing interest. Borough Councillor and first Chairman of the new Finance Committee. Concurrently with this she was County Councillor for East Auditor Sussex. "Mac" (G.R.) Speed and his charming wife It is clear that the finances of the Society Helen are well known to British members as will be in capable hands. It is a truism that it is the regular attenders at I.C.S. Conferences in those who are busy who can always find time the U.K. He is a banker by profession a for more! practising non-comformist by conviction and a keen amateur photographer by inclination; Secretary as Auditor he will be an undoubted asset to David John Davis of Chislehurst, Kent, our new team. England has accepted the appointment of the Society's Secretary for the period 1983-85. He tells us that he is "a young 67 years of age A New Australian Director with no health problems" which will interfere with the quite onerous duties of I.C.S. Secretary. Un nouveau Directeur Australian Mr Davis is a B.Sc (HONS CHEMISTRY), Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry; a Nuevo Director Australiano Fellow of the Institution of Metallurgists; Un nuovo Direttore Australiano Chartered Engineer and Chartered Chemist. Having retired as a professional Officer in the John Alpen has had much opportunity to higher Civil Service he now looks forward to be familiar with I.C.S. affairs. He served as enjoying his Secretarial duties! Treasurer from late 1975 until 1978, assuming We understand that although his 20 years the position when the society's administration experience with Camellias has been of a passive was transferred to Australia. He set up the nature, nevertheless he has learnt enough to society's present financial books of account. appreciate the depth of Camellia knowledge In 1978 John became the I.C.S. editor and shown by the stalwarts of the Camellia world; was responsible for the production of our he looks forward with great interest to extending Journal for four years, 1978 through to 1981. his acquaintance with such enthusiasts. This brought him into close contact with society Since his retirement Mr. Davis has been members in all regions, but he and his wife

5 Barbara also enjoy many friendships with I.C.S. people by reason of attendance at several international congresses - Pensacola (A.C.S.) in 1975, Nantes (France) in 1977, Perry (USA) in 1978 and Kyoto (Japan) in 1980. Other visits to ICS friends were to Japan in 1976, England ("Stop Over in Sussex") in 1977 and again in 1981. John and Barbara Alpen have been members of the Australian Camellia Research Society since the 1950's and John has been that society's National Treasurer since 1975. He has served in many offices in the N.S.W. Foundation Branch of the A.eR.S. Last year he was recipient of the society's Walter Hazlewood Award. In 1961 he shared in the establishment of the St. Alban's (Epping) Annual All Camellia Show and has been closely involved in its When he retired in 1975 he was an Assistant staging ever since. This is a major show, General Manager of the bank, in charge of its regarded by many as the largest flower show operations in the State of Victoria. John and staged each year in the Sydney environs. Barbara now live close by a Pacific Ocean Our new Director served for forty eight beach front at Newport Beach on Sydney's years with one of Australia's major banks. Northern Peninsula.

Come to the International Camellia Society's International Congress at Sacramento, California, March 4 to 9, 1983

Le Congres International El Congress Internacional II congresso internazionale If you experienced the excitement and the time of your life. Hopefully, we shall have pleasure of either the 1980 ICS Congress at members from at least ten different countries ... Kyoto, Japan, or the 1981 gathering at Jersey, a great opportunity to form new friendships. Channel Islands, you need little encouragement The city also likes to be known as the City of to finalise your arrangements to attend the Trees. It became the capital of California Sacramento meeting next March. following the goldrush days of 1849, and saw If, on the other hand, Sacramento is to be the commencement of the famous Pony Express your first International Camellia Congress, in 1860. It is surrounded by an historic and then prepare yourself for one of the happiest beautiful countryside, including the celebrated experiences of your life. Napa Valley renowned for its vineyards and The venue: Sacramento has good reason to wineries. call itself "the Camellia Capital of the World" How to register for the Sacramento Congress: - even if you would debate that claim. If you have not already received a Congress Wellknown Australian nurseryman Jim Fisher Reservation form, contact your regional wrote recently: "In my opinion, Sacramento Membership Representative, whose address is the best place in the world for camellias. Be is listed on page 80. Alternatively, write airmail sure to see Capitol Park. I have never seen for a reservation form to Patterson Trave£ such fine camellias in a public place ­ 855 Howe Avenue, Sacramento, California wonderful!" 95825, USA. The ICS Congress is the opening event in Special room rates are available Sacramento's 1983 Camellia Festival, but you at the Congress Headquarters, Sacramento don't have to be a "camellia expert" to have Inn, for reservations through Patterson Travel:

6 Daily rates in US dollars are - Standard Society of Sacramento at the room for 2 persons, $50; for one person, $42. nearby Convention Centre. Deluxe room for 2 persons, $60; for one person, Shuttle-bus service back to $52. Sacramento Inn. The Sacramento Congress programme: Own arrangements for dinner. Friday March 4 8.00 pm from 2.00 pm Registration and check-in, The International Camellia Friendship Forum. An infor­ Sacramento Inn, 1401 Arden mal, after-dinner "getting to Way. know you" gathering. Some 6.00 pm Welcome and Get- Acquainted brief, impromptu greetings Cocktail Party. and goodwill messages by 7.30 pm Own arrangements for dinner members from different count­ and remainder of evening. ries and regions. International cheeses, Australian wines, Saturday March 5 coffee or tea Breakfast - own arrange­ ments. Sunday March 6 9.00 am Congress buses leave Sacra­ Breakfast - own arrange­ mento Inn for visit to Old ments. Sacramento, a 28-acre section 9.00 am Congress buses leave Sacra­ of downtown said to be one mento Inn for full-day ex­ of the most historically-auth­ cursion, lunch provided. Pre­ entic restorations in the United booking essential for preferred States. Walking tours. Own tour: arrangements for lunch. (a) Napa Valley vineyards and Buses to Capitol Park for wineries. Lunch at St. Helena strolling tour of camellias and trees of all nations. Visit (b) Famous Lafayette camellia garden of Mr and Mrs Capitol Building recently restored at a cost of$67 million. David Feathers. Lunch at Jack 0' Lantern Square, Oakland. Annual Show of the Camellia Drive through picturesque

7 Golden Gate Park, San Fran­ ness in Great Britain cisco; then across Golden • DrGeneSnooks: Camellias Gate Bridge to Muir Woods and Chemicals forest of Giant Redwoods. • Thomas Perkins III : Chas­ Return to Sacramento via the ing Camellias in China Richmond-Sand Rafael Bridge. 12.45 pm Lunch - own arrangements. Own arrangements for dinner The Afternoon is unprogrammed so that and evening. members may pursue their 7.00 pm Meeting of ICS Directors and own "last afternoon" prefer­ Officers, Sacramento Inn. ences - maybe: • Shopping. Hairdressing Monday March7 • Private visiting ·Breakfast - own arrange­ • Further exploration of ments. parks, gardens, nurseries 9.00 am Congress Opening, Martinique Pre-Dinner Ballroom, Sacramento Inn. hospitality - own arrangements Chairman 1st Session ­ 7.00 pm Farewell Banquet, Martinique Kenneth Hailstone (California) Ballroom. Dinner is provided. Chairman 2nd Session ­ Wines may be ordered during Milton H. Brown (Georgia) dinner at members' own Addresses: (two each Session, expense. divided by morning tea or coffee) Congress Conclusion '" • Dr Wm Ackerman: Cold­ Appreciation '/ resistant Hybrids The International Camellia Society wishes • Juan Armada Diez de to express sincere thanks to the Camellia Rivera: The Camellias of Society of Sacramento for the generosity of Spain and Portugal. its welcome, its hospitality, its programme • Dr Bruce Bartholemew : planning and co-ordination. New Kunming Reticulatas Congress Fee of US $130: • Dr Jean Creze (France) : Pre-payment in U.S. dollars or bank-draft Grafting in vitro. should be forwarded to Patterson Travel. The 12.45 pm Lunch provided, Sacramento Congress Fee provides admission to the Inn following events: 2.00 pm Congress buses depart for tour ** Friday night Welcome Party of Sacramento Gardens, in­ ** Saturday transportation to Old Sacramento cluding home of Mrs Marian Town and Conventi<;m Centre for Camellia Stewart. Return to Sacramento Show Inn by 5.30 pm. ** Sunday full-day excursion ** Lunches Sunday and Monday Evening Own arrangements. ** Monday afternoon Garden Tour ** Monday and Tuesday morning Camellia Information sessions Tuesday March 8 ** Monday and Tuesday morning tea or Breakfast - Own arrange­ coffee ments. Tuesday night Banquet, excluding table 9.00 am Further Congress addresses, liquor-service. Martinique Ballroom: Morn­ Further Enquiries: ing tea or coffee supplied. should be addressed either to Patterson Trave~ Chairman 3rd Session - Mrs Sacramento, Violet Stone (Louisiana) or to Chairman 4th Session - Dr William D. Stewart Philip Ireland (Maryland) Congress Co-ordinator • Frank Pursel : Family­ 912 Roeder Way, Sacramento Planning with Camellias California 95822 • John Tooby : Cold-hardi­ 8 Yunnan camellia flowers Fleurs du Camelia it Yunnan Flores de la camelia del Yunnan Fiori di camelia di Yunnan

T. J. SAVIGE Wirlinga, N.S. W, Australia. The Kunming Botanical Institute, over a available for all to see.. considerable period of time, collected together With their usual skill the Japanese printers and identified all the known cultivars of the have reproduced some beautiful plates, which Yunnan reticulatas. In all, there were 105 give excellent impressions of the various vadeties, many identified against the old historic Yunnan reticulata cultivars, which have, names, others were cultivars collected and hitherto, not been available in the Western named at the Institute. world. Naturally, they are largely typical of About three years ago, efforts were made the varieties as they flower in Yunnan and not to photograph and describe these camallias in necessarily of flowers as grown in the West preparation for a definitive book on the subject. under different climates and cultural conditions. Those most involved in the task were Xia Nevertheless, they are certainly recognizable Lifeng, wife of the Vice Director Dr. Chang and many of great beauty. Ao-Io, Feng kuo-mei and Zhu xiang-hong. While the book nominally includes the 105 . Prolonged delays in publication, due to the cultivars collected by the Institute, there are difficulties of colour printing and the low .colour plates of a 106th variety in 'Wanduo priority given to the project by the authorities, Cha', the famous "Ten Thousand Flower lead, first of all, to the publication, in the 1980 Camellia". This huge and ancient specimen American Camellia Society Yearbook, of an with its thick, gnarled trunk, its branches article entitled The Origin and Classification propped up in all directions, appears to be a i i a/the Garden Varieties of Camellia reticulata. natural (?) fusion or inarch of two distinct This was the joint effort of Professor Te-Tsun camellias and produces two quite different Yii of the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, flower forms in great profusion. Beijing, and Dr. Bruce Bartholomew, Director Pictures of large groups of flowering of theBotanic Gardens, University of California, reticulatas with backgrounds of mountains and Berkeley. lakes give an idea of their prolific growth in From information arid specimens provided their homeland. The book includes some by the Kunming Botanical Institute, they listed excellent line drawings showing various the 105 cultivars by their transliterised name taxonomical features of leaves, branches and in "Pinyin", accompanied by the same in the plants but, be~t·of all is a section, with colour earlier "Wade-Giles" system, an English trans­ plates of the' Yunnan Camellia species. C. lation and the Chinese characters. acutisepala, C. forrestit: C. alei/era, C. pitardii As the transliteration would become the (both varieties) C. saluenensis, C. sinensis and international valid name in romaji, a method C. yunnanensis are now in Western collections was used to logically group characters into while C. chrysantha has just been introduced. single concepts such as leaf form, petal colour, However we are still short of C, mairei var. or place names, to assist in pronunciation by velutina; closely related to C. reticulata; C. Westerners. yuhsienensis, sweet scented and as large as a In the meantime, the task of printing and sasanqua; the small mutant, yellow C. euphlebia publishing the book was relinquished to Japanese and the stiff leaved C. grijsii. All of these are interests. of great interest for future hybridisation as The book, known as Yunnan Cha Hua or well as their own simple beauty. "Yunnan Camellia Flowers" has been published There are some illustrations of C. japonica in a mixture of Chinese and Japanese; only as l.fJ ::';f Shan Cha or Mountain Camellia, the transliterations and translations being given including what appears to be Alba Plena as in English. Nevertheless, the book is of con­ 6 3>: jf-f, Baiyubei or White Jade cap and a siderable interest as, for the first time, colour red paeony camellia japonica and also C. illustrations of all the Yunnan reticulatas are sasanqua, which leads one to wonder on the

9 extent of the natural boundaries of these characters. They are justly proud of their species. advances in this regard and usually insist on The illustrations include pictures of reticulatas their use in Chinese publications. in Temples, parks and gardens and in the It can only be supposed that this decision forest and includes specimens up to 400 years was made in Japan on the basis that the book old. There is a picture of the variety 'Qiaoyulan' would largely be sold to Japanese and overseas (Pretty Magnolia) 50 feet high and in full Chinese, who are not so familiar with the bloom, while another of a forest reticulata is simplified form. However, it seems a retrograde even larger, probably over 60 feet. They are step. truly trees. Finally, there are three cultivars which are In many of the descriptions, the colour is listed differently in the Yunnan Cha Hua than given against the R.H.S. colour code, which in the YO and Bartholomew listing. Firstly gives the opportunity to check the colour there is 'Erqiao' and 'Erjiao'. These words fidelity of the plates. have a nearly similar import but the Yunnan The book is well produced and laid out, Cha Hua's use of 'Erqiao' follows the original and it is hoped will be the basis of a very information as published in the 1980 Inter­ popular reprint in English. Any criticism is national Journal. It refers to an old Chinese minor and refers to nomenclature, always a story about beautiful twins .with the family prickly problem with varieties with transliterated name of Qiao the character = (er) is the names. numeral 2, giving a meaning of "twin beauties", It is a pity that the publishers did not use while Ergiao = :stn can mean two lovelies or the forms of the transliterated names as already two charmers. Secondly Yunnan Cha Hua established and validated by YO and Barth­ uses the name 'Heding-hong' in place of olomew. Instead, the name is invariably given 'Hedingcha'. YO and Bartholomew had selected in one word so that there is 'Liujiaohentiangao' 'Heding cha' (Cranes Crest Camella), as instead of 'Liujiao Hentiangao' and 'Xiaoye­ 'Hedinghong' (Crane Crest Red) has already mudan' in place of 'Xiaoye Mudan' as examples. been used for a C. japonica and thus was There are already two or three varying trans­ invalid. lations and the Wade-Giles transliteration, and In the third case, 'Jianyeyinhong' (Pointed now two ways of writing the Pinyin transliter­ leaf spinel pink) has been changed to 'Jianye­ ation. Taohong' (Pointed leaf crimson). The reason Another peculiarity, which at first sight was for this had probably to do with the colour of surprising, was the use of the old style Chinese the flower but, according to the rules of priority characters and not the modem simplified ones. in nomenclature, 'Jianye-Yinhong' must stand. The Chinese have spent considerable time Neverthless, this book will become the basis and energy in devising simplified forms for for identifying and naming the Yunnan many of the more complicated and difficult reticulatas for the future. An explanation of the book "Yunnan Camellia Flowers" (Extracts from a letter to Tom Savige) Une explication du livre "Fleurs du Camelia aYunnan" Interpretacion dellibro "Flores de Camelia de Yunnan" Una spiegazione dellibro "Fiori Camelia di Yunnan" XIA LIFANG Kunming Institute of Botany Concerning the book Yunnan Cha Hua, I book. According to the original plan, we were would like to give some explanation here. going to publish the Chinese edition first, and The book will be published in Chinese edition then the Japanese and English editions. We and English edition. Including the Japanese sent the Chinese manuscript of the book to edition which has already been published, the publisher as early as in 1978, but because there will be altogether three editions of the of some publishing problems in our country,

10 the book is still in the hands of the the cultivar names, I.e. Chinese characters or publisher but not readers'. Nevertheless, the Pinyin used in the book will be the standard book of Chinese edition would be published of the cultivars. All the names (included the this year, we believe. For the English edition, transliteration of 'Wade-Giles' system and the we've already sent the manuscript to Science old way of transliterising of 'Pinyin') would Press, Beijing. The Science Press gave us the become invalid, we hope. answer that the book is now being printed in The book which Yoshiaki Andoh sent you America and it will be published this year. was a book of Japanese edition only, but not a The book of the English edition was translated mixture of Chinese and Japanese. Since some by Mr. Guan Kaiyun et al. and edited by Chinese characters (mostly old style) are used Bruce Bartholomew. Some new contents were in the words of Japanese, so there is now the added in the English edition except the problem of the old style of Chinese characters substance of the Chinese and Japanese editions. or the modern simplified ones. For the question Such as 120 cultivars were involved in the of 'JianYE

Le Congres de la Societe Internationale du Camelia, 1982, a Egham (Angleterre) Conferencia de la Sociedad Internacional de la Camelia en Egham (Inglaterra) Conferenza della Societa Internazionale della Camelia a: Egham (Inghilterra), 1982 ROBIN MILLER London, England See colour section

Friday, April 16, 1982 There was a moment's silence. The Conference foregathered at the Royal "Eliminated ground-elder?" someone asked. Horticultural Society's garden at Wisley, in "Eliminated it?" Surrey. Tearing ourselves away from the plant "That's right," said the guide. "Totally". centre we split into two groups for a guided It was a pity that the experts who were to tour of this instructive garden.. have taken us round had been called away to The ducal scale on which the place is run a conference of their own; as it was, our was immediately revealed when we were led guides were only able to give us the standard down twin herbaceous borders the size of an tour. However, specialist gardeners are a airport runway, in which countless backs were persuasive breed, and since the guides were bentover hoes. amiability itself, we soon persuaded them to "Ground elder", said the guide. take us from the rose beds and gardens for We murmured in sympathy. the disabled to the acid woodlands of Battleston "They've just eliminated the last of it," the Hill. guide went on. Here we got our first glimpse of what the

11 winter had done to a garden on the grandest favourite brick, a fierce orange of relentless scale, and it was almost comforting to discover durability. In the courtyard where, in France, that even in the sacred groves of the R.H.S. the jets and rivulets of a Renaissance fountain the weather had sorted the horticultural sheep would give a focal point of lightness and from the goats with a vengeance. movement to the vast structure, a more than However, C. japonica 'Rubescens Major' usually daunting statue of Queen Victoria stands and 'Furoan' were in good flower, set off by foursquare as if to obliterate all such frivolous Prunus subhirtella 'Plena'. Rh. 'Penjerrick Grex' ideas! was also a fine sight, and a sudden turn of the That evening David Trehane gave a most path revealed (as sudden turns of paths always interesting slide-illustrated lecture on "New should reveal) a magnificent spectacle, one of Camellias". the finest of the whole tour, a perfectly placed He prefaced his remarks by pointing out and splendidly grown specimen of that study that many of the flowers to be shown in the in purity Pnwus 'Tai Haku', The Great White lecture were 'old hat' in the USA but their Cherry of Japan. merits had only now been revealed in lengthy Further on, where a wood of fine old Scots trials in England. pine had had to be felled to accommodate a From the Nuccio Collection 'Silver Triumph', new highway, the dangers of excessive bark 'Silver Waves' and 'Silver Anniversary' stood and sawdust on soil were revealed in the out, as did 'Lovelight', and David Feathers' chlorosis from which many of the camellias 'Seagull', another good white. were suffering, while the the large-leaved rhodo­ Of the efforts to produce a good yellow we dendrons were dropping miserably due to their were shown a New Zealand camellia, 'Jury's sudden exposure to cold and wind. Yellow' and 'Gwenneth Morey'. Of the ICS trial camellias, for which the Good pinks included one which won an RHS had kindly provided space in the border Award of Merit when submitted by Dr. Jimmy of the Trials Field, almost the only survivor Smart last year, 'Annie Wylam', with flowers was one which, according to its parentage 4-5" across, also 'EI Dorado'. 'Owen Henry' (partly reticulata) should have been the first was another with huge flowers. to die - 'Innovation'. Other camellias which this leading camellia An avenue of Sorbus Mitchelli. silver buds nurseryman singled out were 'Coral Delight' a gleaming like Tolkien's Elvish tree mallorn, X Williamsil; which suffers from the weather was a refreshing sight after so much desolation; even in mild Cornwall but is in a unique shade further on, in the Woodland Garden, Fritillaria and has no virus. Seedling No: 1789, pink with verticillata (tall, cream, delicate) danced above an anenome centre, shows promise, as does a sward of Erythronium dens-canis). Elsewhere, Seedling No: 1824, a white paeony. the strange parasite Lathraea clandestina belied Scented camellias included 'Salab', strongly its name; there is nothing clandestine about perfumed, which won't flower until 5' tall but the fluorescent mauve of this parasite which then rewards the patient gardener with a scent would look more at home in the Caribbean or which reaches from three to five yards. the Amazon basin than among the bright yellow 'Garden Glory' is "promising", a formal daffodils amongst which it had decided, with that perversity so typical of plants, to grow. The most surprising survivor of the winter at Wisley, grew, nay flourished, in a bed above the rockery where a lugubrious gardener, like a Grave Digger in "Hamlet", was disinterring the withered corpses of every occupant but one - a spiny, elegant Yucca, about 3' tall, somewhat like Y. Whipplei but with thin white variegation on the edge of each slender gray leaf. Because it has not yet flowered no one knows its name; might some reader? That evening we took up residence at Holloway College, a Victorian "copy" of the Chateau of Chambord, purpose-built as the first Female Teachers College in the 1880s, NaminR Camellias 01 Hampden Court and consequently constructed of that period's

12 double pink flowering in January in Cornwall, Kok u' f = Niger), a small, formal double, dark and shatteringly obligingly. ruby red, had escaped all frost damage and, "A smashing X Williamsit" is 'Mary Phoebe indeed, proved elsewhere that its flowers seem Taylor', ideal for a North wall and training: impervious. 5" flowers, "better than 'Grand Jury"'. Kingsmoor is not a "camellia garden" per 'Mona Jury' "may be hardy"; 'Senorita', se and is all the more interesting for that; the upright, has a very deep rose pink, deep paeony Wilson collection of azaleas are here for flower. A cuspidata hybrid, 'Spring Festival', propagation purposes, as is also a collection is recommended for tubs. of Rh. Yaku.\imanum hybrids. In their season Reds: 'Midnight Serenade' has informal the rhododendrons must be spectacular, but flowers when young. 'Red Dandy' is good even when they are not in flower their archi­ under glass. 'Bob Hope' is another; as also is tectural qualities have been finely used, as 'Ruddigore' which has many 3" flowers. have other evergreens, notably conifers, all Miniatures: Nuccio's 'Little Pearl'; 'Kewpie placed with faultless taste. Doll'; 'Wilamina'; and 'Ave Maria', the latter Magnolia Cottage, the home of Mr. and slow to flower. Mrs. Urlwin-Smith, at nearby Earleydene (on New Californian hybrids demonstrated the the edge of Windsor Forest) presented one of American love for the big and the bizarre, a those total contrasts that make garden visiting taste I do not share, but one should record so fascinating. It also provided a living illustration David's showing of 'Emma Gaeta', 'Flower of how foresight can make manageable the Girl', and 'Hody Wilson'. heartbreaking problem of moving house and A valuable lecture for the collector. garden in middle age, when children have Saturday, April 17: flown the nest and parents want less to manage. This crowded day began at Kingsmoor, the In 1956, when the Urlwin-Smiths bought home of Mrs. Michael Fane, a handsome, Earlye Cottage, they also had the wisdom to Edwardian-classical house with the inevitable buy the I-acre plot next door, on which Magnolia wistaria wreathing the equally inevitable porch, Cottage now stands. For 20 years Mr. Urlwin­ the perfect setting for corseted beauties in Smith cleared this area, felling innumerable basket chairs. birches, rowans and sycamores, and ending The 5-acre garden is sheltered and secluded, up with a lawn, a herbaceous border, two with the bonus of the golf-course sweeping Prunus 'Kanzan' and a Magnolia Soulangeana round it to give space, light and air beyond its - in short, a typical small garden of the less boundaries. remarkable kind. It was laid out by that great gardener Mr. In 1977 they decided that Earlye Cottage Gomer Waterer, whose skills at Kingsmoor was too large and built their present home. blend non-native trees and shrubs into the But what to do about their beloved garden? indigenous birch and heather landscape of Most people stiffen upper lips and bravely this part of England, and whose layout leads start again. Not so the Urlwin-Smiths. In the the visitor from one contrasting area to another. winter of 1977-78, with two part-time helpers, Skilful use of evergreens make this a garden Mr. Urlwin-Smith removed the staggering total that is interesting at every season. of 190 shrubs and trees, and, furthermore, By the front door a fine bush of C. 'Komon lost only two plants. Now only five years later. the visitors walk along winding grass paths through a miniature aboretum consisting mainly of camellias and rhododendrons, all nicely sheltered by high shade, and with one wonderful bonus - instead of being forced to dive into the middle of some resentful shrub only to find a piece of metal from which the name has long since faded, Mr. Urlwin-Smith, unique among gardeners, has placed clear and accurate labels on every single plant! There was an outstanding specimen of C. Donation, proving yet again what a splendid "Inspiration .. plant it is in woodland where greenery frames and softens that particular shade of pink which,

13 in the smaller garden, can startle if come old oaks, but also Mr. Allen, who has been upon at close quarters and unawares. the gardener there since 1951, and who demon­ Also remarkable were Magnolias Sprengeri strates yet again what devotion and sheer Diva, 'Charles Raffles' and 'Leonard Messel' hard work can achieve, for he keeps the place - but then it was the year of the magnolia immaculate with the help of only one helper everywhere. on two days a week. Of the 90 rhododendrons I noted William­ Kingswood boasted good specimens of sianum, a fine form of Russautinii (the best Camellias 'Adolphe Audusson', 'Peach Blossom' blue I have ever seen), 'Jibuti', Tsangpoense, and 'J. C. Williams', with two good whites Hippophaeoides (another good blue). 'Streatley' (little damaged) 'Bertha Raressi' (which David (one plant frosted, its pair untouched!) Insigne Trehane thinks might be 'Mrs. Bertha Harms') (good foliage) and delicate Intricatum, with and 'Mme. Victor de Bisschop'. small leaves and pale mauve flowers. One Other outstanding shrubs and trees included notable survivor of the hard winter was Teopaea Magnolia conspicua (underplanted with a wide monaedensis. In a pot by the front door Rh. circle of Lily of the Valley) and M. Alexandn'na, Fragrantissimum and Rh. 'Lady Alice Fitz­ a Soulangeana hybrid, in full blazing sun and william' had been brought out of the glasshouse full blazing flower. A clump of the suckering, to scent the air. scented, ribes-like Osmaronia (ex-Nuttallia) Russells Nursery was the next stop, where a ceraslformis drew everyone's attention, but file of customers trooped like ants from car the "star" plant was undoubtedly the 2-year park to plant centre and back againreplacing old Prunus padus "Colorata", "a remarkable the winter's losses. clone", to quote Hillier, "with dark purplish Mr. Hays, our guide, mourned the winter shoots, coppery-purple young foliage and pale quite as much as those of our members who pink flowers". I was told that Waterer's has it had had their gardens decimated, for the but I doubt if there are any left now; everyone nursery, in common with most in Britain, had in our party seemed determined to possess it. lost much stock. That evening some of us crossed the main For one who does not even own a greenhouse, road which bisects the grounds of Holloway let alone a mist-propagation unit, it was College to reach the University of London fascinating to see the scale on which a major Botanic Supply Unit, where a remarkable nursery propagates camellias and other plants. micro-climate had protected all but two of the In glasshouses the size of aircraft hangars row collection of Hebes (massacred in most gardens) after row of long benches were covered with while plants like Trochodendron aralioides double-skinned, air-bubble polythene to help and Acanthopanax sieboldianus variegatus were the soil-warming cables keep the temperature untouched! In the interestingly planted sand­ at the required F.5O-55° and reduce the soaring pit - (mulched with pea-gravel) I could not electricity bills. The cuttings are stuck in a see a single casualty. Mr. Bowler, the head 50/50 peat-sand mixture and potted on into gardener, must be one of the few happy loam with a pH of 5.5. It was surprising to members of his profession in the British Isles. learn that Russells have found it both more Sunday, April 18 was the "star day" for me, efficient and economical to water these cuttings and surely for the rest of us, too, for we spent by hand rather than by mechanical means. it all at the Savill and Valley Gardens at Above the benches, benefitting from the Windsor, two of the most beautiful and warmth, were handsome specimens of Aralia instructive gardens anywhere in the northern variegata, container-grown in the proper hemisphere. To add to its interest we were manner (I tweaked one to see) rather than conducted round by Mr. John Bond, the "containerised" which, as I once discovered Keeper of the Gardens. to my considerable cost, involves cutting the Someone told me that Sir Eric Savill, the roots - and losing the plant. creator of the garden (now covering 400 acres) In another house we saw 3-year old plants had easily spotted John Bond's potential and waiting to go outside for hardening off and groomed him for his present position. Perceptive sale. Outstanding were C. 'Haku-Raku-ten' syn. Sir Eric; not only is John Bond's knowledge 'Wisley White', and C. 'Purity'. encyclopaedic but he also has the taste for Our next stop was Kingswood, whose owner, such a vast enterprise, a combination by no Mr. Davidson, had the good fortune to take means always found in the same gardener. over not only the 6-acre grounds, finely laid The Savill Gardens lie on Bagshot Sand, out by a landscape, gardener among enviable which John Bond calls "the poorest material

14 in the world", which can only support the Bond's recommendations: remarkable collection of plants by endless Hamamelis mollis pallida (unscathed last watering and mulching. John Bond uses farmyard winter); Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis', with manure exclusively on fleshy-rooted subjects Hollies as the indispensable dark backdrop; such as Magnolias and Camellias. for bark the Acers, which (with the exception The weather does not help camellias and of the Norway Maples and other rampant rhododendrons for the Savill Gardens receive growers) are good shade trees. Recommended only 22' I of rainfall a year, though John Bond specially are A. Pennsylvanicum and A. hersil·. is more concerned by cold winters and springs Betula (despite hungry roots) especially the than the low rainfall. Camellias are more able lovely white and pale jade-barked B. ermanii. to put up with a low water supply than the Spring: Cherries ("another perfect shade fibrous-rooted rhododendrons for the fleshy­ tree") notably Sargentil; Serrula and Okame, rooted system of Camellias has a certain water­ all with autumn and winter interest. Amelanchier holding capacity, which showed clearly in the lamarckii (despite fleeting spring flowers and Great Drought of 1976 when not a single autumn colour). Davidia. Comus florida rubra Camellia was lost in the Savill Gardens! and its many forms, also C. 'Eddie's White There are 140 Camellias in the Savill Gardens Wonder' (weeping), and C. kousa with rich proper, 160 or so more in the Valley Garden, cream flowers and autumn colour. triumphant survivors of the winter amidst other Stachyurus praecox Magnolias, under which plantings, such as the tree heaths, which have John Bond suggests growing little but ferns had to be cut back to the ground. . and bulbs. Nothofagus ("good fast shade for As elsewhere, those shrubs under high camellias"). deciduous shade flowered best, and of these Summer: species and "Wild" roses tolerate the lovely white C. 'Ama no-Kawa' was literally some shade. Stewartia pseudocamellia, also untouched. I gather it is hard to get; a pity; for autumn colour and bark. Comus alternifolia like C. 'Komon Koku' it is a "star" camellia variegata "which freshens the summer garden". for bad winters. Hydrangeas ("don't prune paniculata praecox; Others that had withstood the winter do prune H. arborescens grandl/lora which exceptionally well were 'H. A. Downing', 'Sylva' tolerates dense shade and also flowers in the

(a red japonica) 'Baronne Leguay', 'Mrs. Bell' same conditions. All the Styrax. Aesculus I (another good white, very double) 'Donckelarii', parvl/lora, which requires sun. I 'Magnoliaeflora' and 'Salutation'. In the Autumn: Eucryphia glutinosa gives colour I glasshouse 'Mrs. D. W. Davis' was blowsily into November. Liquidambar. Acer cappodo­ magnificent, like a Renoir beauty who has dum. Sorbus aucuparia 'Beissneri' which begins just got out of bed. to colour in July. Lindera obtusi loba, Acer There is no space to describe adequately rubrum "October Glory", "stays in colour for the wonders of the Savill Gardens; I can only weeks." Oxydendron arboreum. Gingko biloba. urge those of you who have not been there to Parrotia persica. Acerpalmatum. 'Sango Kaku'. do so forthwith. At every season there is beauty, 'Sorbus hupehensis ("birds don't take the interest and instruction, not least in the plant berries"). Stransvaesia davidiana (good berries). associations. To name only two of the many I Vacdnium glauco-album. Metasequoia "a blaze noted, I shall remember the drift of pale mauve in November." Erythronium Revolutum underplanted with a Winter again: Hamamelis virginiana, gold dense carpet of tiny yellow viola Elabella and foliage. Mahonia 'Lionel Fortescue' Rubus the Actinidia chinensis led up a rope to the bl/lorus quinqueflorUs ("cut it hard in April"). top of an ancient oak. Lastly, Picea omorika, whose dark skirts so That evening John Bond crowned his day's gracefully sweep snow-covered ground. work by giving a lecture on "Trees, shrubs An outstanding lecture. and plants for the Woodland Garden other Monday, April 19 than Camellias and Rhododendrons". I sug­ The Conference closed at Hampton Court gested that he be asked to write the lecture up Palace, where the Head Gardener, Mr. Collins as a booklet, or at least as an article which (formerly of Inverewe and Tresco), took us can be printed in the Camellia Journal for, as first through the wall garden, once the mediaeval a declared enemy of the one-season garden, Tilt Yard. Even here, in this suburb of London, what he gave us was an instant guide to a there had been serious losses. garden with year-round interest. A long avenue of un-named camellias gave Starting in January, here are some of John our experts a chance to play the identification

15 game, plunging into shrubs and arguing about day. minute differences in leaves, while the rest of A tour of the Palace itself brought the' us admired the pale gold clouds of Aesculus Conference to a happy conclusion. Our thanks 'Hampton Court' (whose colour lasts for about are due to all the organizers, notably Nigel 6 weeks before turning green) floating over a and Sylvia Glass. But I am sure that everyone 3-acre carpet of white daffodils and narcissi. will agree that special gratitude should be After a tour of the apprentices' garden, and e~pressed for the work of Joyce Wyndham a glimpse of Charles II's Versailles-inspired whose imaginative itinerary and faultless canals, softened by English informality (I would arrangements made the Conference such an have given much to have seen Le Notre's outstanding success and such a pleasant social reaction to the balsam poplars that lean so occasion. untidily and so beautifully over the water!) Lastly, but by no means least, my personal the sturdier souls plodded across the strange thanks to John Bond, David Trehane and formality of Bushy Park for a glimpse of a John Tooby for kindly correcting the innum­ woodland and water garden, with more erable errors in the manuscript of this article. <.:amellias, which I shall certainly revisit one

Cluster for fragrance Un bouquet parfume Ramillete fragrante Ramoscelli di fragranza KEN HALLSTONE Lafayette, Calif. U.S.A.

In my article 'World Wide Search for sources have been crossed interchangeably Fragrance', in the I.C.S. Journal, November using them as pollen parent and seed parent 1974, I suggested establishing in each camellia whenever possible. growing country of the world, a garden where Each blooming season the plants are care­ anyone interested in breeding for fragrance fully selected and placed in.a cluster under would have an easy source of fragrant material the car port which is about 100 feet from the available to him. Here in the United States, nearest other camellias. There is room for 75 Dr. William Ackerman, at the National to 80 plants of which most of them are in 2 Arboretum in Washington D.C. and I here in gallon or 5 gallon containers. Besides a plant Lafayette, California have followed through of C. lutchuensis several of its' hybrids such as with the idea and have been filling requests 'Virginia Cutter', 'Fragrant Pink Improved', and from all over the world. At this writing I have 'Ack-scent' are distributed under the port along sent over 200 scions to more than 50 people in with the best of the fragrant japonicas such as seven countries. Unfortunately, Dr. Ackerman, 'Kramer's Supreme', 'Scentsation', 'Fragrant Frill' experiencing budget cuts etc. is now phasing and 'Odoratissima'. Thanks to Yoshiaki Andoh, out the fragrant material and concentrating I am able to place the best of the fragrant on his cold hardy program. Camellia people Rigos with their delicate sweet fragrance in the all over the world have been generous and cluster. They include 'Nioi-fubuki', 'Ko-hun', thoughtful in sending me fragrant materials 'Tama-ikari' and 'Odaira-kaori'. To complete - named varieties as well as seedlings which the blending I use several hybrids possessing I have incorporated into my breeding program. the appleblossom fragrance of 'Salab'. The Fundamentally I have been using fragrant best of these, a prolific seed setter, has the material from four sources - namely C. number D3(4). As new plants come into flower lutchuensis and its hybrids, C. japonica and I add them to the cluster and remove those its sub specie Rigo, and the fragrance of the that have been crossed or have finished hybrid "Appleblossom" as expressed in Dave blooming. Feathers' unregistered seedling 'Salab'. In During the season I make about two hundred addition I have some crosses with the lesser crosses, with a seed set of about forty pods. I fragrant specie Tsaii and Fraterna. These four do not know how many crosses the bees make

16 but they usually come up with an equal number. Lutchuensis fragrance Obviously with the cluster system I am growing 'Ack-scent' - (Japonica 'Kramer's Supreme') on their successful open pollinations. X (Lutchuens£~ hybrid 'Fragrant Pink') Each year forty or fifty of our seedlings *E40 - (Japanica 'Mrs. Bertha Harms') X come into flower and we test them by entering (Japonica 'Reg Ragland' X Lutchuensis) them in the fragrant section of the camellia 'Virginia Cutter' - (Japonica 'Mrs. Bertha shows held in Northern California. Last year Harms') X (Rusticana X Lutchuensis) E40 with Lutchuensis fragrance and L18(l ) Japonica fragrance with the fragrance of Appleblossom were trophy *'Kramer's Supreme' 'Fragrant Frill Scentsation' winners. In addition I have developed a form 'Alicia' (Kellas unregistered seedling) to be filled out, rating the blooms in the cluster Higo fragrance for the kind, amount and quality of fragrance. 'Ko-hun' *'Nioi-fubuki' 'Odaira-kaori' 'Tama­ The temperature and humidity is recorded ikari' at the time of rating. I am in the process of Appleblossom fragrance analyzing the results from over forty different *D3(4) - (.lapanica 'Mrs. Bertha Harms') X people who rated the flowers along with (Feathers 'Salab' - (hybrid 'Appleblossom X numerous ratings of my own. The results will C. saluensis) be published at a later time. * 'Harry Bloom' - Feathers' new introduction If you have always thought you would like 'Salab' X Retic. 'Crimson Robe' to try your hand at breeding for fragrance but *W-70 Harrison's unnamed seedling - ('Mrs. somehow never got around to it, now is the Bertha Harms' X 'Salab') time to start. Instead of starting back at square 116(1) - (Japanica 'Mrs. Bertha Harms') X one you can start at the finish by securing ('Temple Incense' Feathers non-registered from me the latest fragrant material. This will seedling) ~ave you at least eight years of work and with *L18(l) - (Japanica 'Mrs. Bertha Harms' X a little luck YOU could come up with an 'Salab') X (Japonica 'Lazetta~) exquisite fragrance in a show winning flower. Plants marked with asterisk * have won the I would recommend starting with the fragrant section in a show. following fragrant plants:

Is it worth trying?

Eprouver, cela vant-illa peine? ? Vale la pena intentarlo? Vale la pena di tentarlo? DR. JIMMY SMART Devon, England See colour section

Anyone who has a garden, or who grows because all the hybrids at present in existence plants, must at some time have been tempted have come from L. scoparium of New Zealand to try his hand at hybridisation, even though origin, which, to my mind, is inferior to many one knows from numerous accounts that the of the Australian species such as L. rotundlfolia likelihood of coming up with anything ofgreat and L. lanigerum macracarpum which have merit is virtually negligible. Running a large flowers and in the case of L rotundifolium reasonably large garden in South West England displaying quite a lot of colour in the species containing a large number of different genera itself especially in its Jervis Bay form, which I and not specialising in anyone of them I brought back as seed from that area. I have came rather late to indulging myself in this nothing as yet to report with regard to respect; but now I have made some attempts Leptospermums as the crosses have yet to to hybridiseoin two different genera, firstly the flower, but the first year of blooming of the Leptospermums of Australian rather than New crosses made with Camellias in 1976 was in Zealand origin and secondly the Camellias. I the recent flowering season of March 1982. am anxious to try my hand at Leptospermums . These plants grew away well and I had a

17 first flowering on about a quarter of them. A few of these have turned out to be quite nice blooms and, although one cannot be certain what they wiU do until they have proved stable over a number of years, it is perhaps worth reporting preliminary results in order to encourage others who like myself have been reluctant to make the attempt because of likely disappointment unless one was doing it on a large scale; there was no question of my being able to put together a big programme because there has been considerable difficulty over a number of years in getting any camellia plant to set seed at all in my environment, in spite of growing some 15 hundred plants in My Darling X Seen/sation the open and 200 under glass. This is probably due to climatic conditions as the plants grow the spectrum so why should this term have and bloom well both indoors and out but crept in to be a colour definition? I shall never a seed except for the false pregnancies continue to call it apple blossom as the pale on such cultivars as'Adolphe Audusson'. pink shade with deeper tones is so reminiscent This in itself was a challenge that was difficult of the flower of the ordinary eating apple. to resist and, after many false starts in which I Taken by itself the flower of 'My Darling' heated the greenhouse to 65°F for a number has not got a great deal of fragrance but when of days and even went to the lengths of putting the whole bush is covered, the scent can be a hive of bees in it during the flowering period picked up at a distance from the bush. I felt and when I still failed to get any open pollinated therefore that this was a reasonable plant to seed set whatsoever, I very nearly gave up; select as the seed parent; my selection of the innate obstinacy made me continue however, pollen parent depended to a certain extent on and I eventually succeeded in producing viable what was in flower at the time but being a mid seed from my crosses by enclosing an individual season camellia I had a fair choice. I was plant in a polythene tent in which a temperature intending to increase the size and compexity of 65° and over could be maintained by the of the flower, to deepen or alter the colour inclusion of an electric light bulb of high while retaining or intensifying the fragrance. wattage. This is quite a performance as to In view of the fact that I was a complete open it each day and find ones way around novice a hybridising I felt that I could easily the bush to a recently opened flower, have made errors of technique and only secured emasculate it, and apply the pollen tries the self-fertilisation of the flower so I was patience after a day or two. However it did encouraged in the first year by the differing result over a couple of seasons when I gave leaf forms that appeared on the seedlings; some time to it, in producing some viable two of these were particularly noticeable, seed. It is obviously important to decide on growing in a row side by side, one having had what your objective is before deciding on 'Mouchang' poUen and the other 'Tiny Princess' your seed parent: my aim was to enhance - one could not wish for greater contrast in scent if possible whilst improving the quality foliage; which was reproduced in the seedling. of the flower of my seed parent. When visiting Neither of these has yet bloomed but I am California in 1968 I had been given a cutting hopeful of seeing a flower next year. of C. japonica 'My Darling' by Bill Goertz of In 1982 I had my first blooms and one San Marino. When going around his garden I interesting feature about many of them has had noticed quite a distinct fragrance and been that the apple blossom colour has been there were no plants in flower other than broken down into its component parts and camellias. I tracked it down to a bush which given rise to a number of striped flowers with was 3 or 4 yards away from where I was red stripes on a white or pink ground. This standing, covered with a small single flower in striped bloom was even produced when the considerable abundance. The flower is apple pollen parent was a pure white semi-double, blossom colour, referred to in the U.S. as 'Pukekura', a New Zealand japonica, the flower sweet pea, although I can never quite think here was only a medium sized single but with why, as sweet peas colours cover every part of a definite red stripe on a white ground.

18 Of the six or so plants that have bloomed so to include them in the journal; although not far there are two which I think may prove claiming that these are anything which is going quite interesting; both of them had as pollen to shake the camellia world (I!) they are of parent 'Scentsation' a medium sized pink sufficient interest I think to encourage others paeony-form with reasonably good fragrance. with rather limited time such as myself to feel This fragrance has been transmitted to both that it is a worthwhile activity even on a very seedlings and possibly slightly enhanced as small scale; the total number of seedlings that far as one can judge on just a few blooms in I raised in the year in question is only 30; they their first year. These two crosses have the were planted out in the open ground· in a same parentage but a completely different greenhouse and are now an average height of flower. One is quite a deep pink, much deeper 5 feet. than 'Scentsation' and is a semi-double with I have very much enjoyed my attempts at rabbits ears; so far it is of medium size: the hybridisation and am encouraged by these other is striped red on white, semi double first results and shall have another go next with quite a good boss of yellow stamens and winter. I should have liked to use C. lutchuensis the interesting feature about this one is that, pollen but had always been unsuccessful in in this, the very first year of blooming, it has growing it; however I now have one in the sported to produce a deep pink bloom with a greenhouse and hope it may bloom in the white border not unlike 'Hikaru-Genji'. I am coming season; in which case I shall try its sending to the Editor a photograph of both of effect on 'My Darling' as well as on my two these seedlings hoping that he may have space 'Scentsation' crosses.

Dr. Jimmy Smart has offered a camellia for registration which has been accepted. Details of this camellia are published below: No.7 C. japonica 'Ma Belle'. Originator and applicant Dr. J. Smart, Marwood Hill, Barnstaple, N.Devon, U.K., EX31 4EB. Parents C.j. 'Bow Bells X C.j. 'Dainty Maiden'. A miniature to small flower about 6cm by 3cm high, paeony to rose form with 22 petals, rare stamens, pink with deeper pink veining. Floriferous. Bush compact and erect. First flowered 1978.

Some people come all the way to Australia

just to visit

CAMELLIA GROVE

one of the world's great nurseries.

Mona Vale Road~ St. Ives N.S.W.2075.

19 Mr. Yoshiaki Andoh Tributes from the Regions M. Yoshiaki Andoh - eloges des regions Sr. D. Yoshiaki Andoh. Aprecios desde las Regiones Mr Yoshiaki Andoh: necrologi delle regioni W hen the I. C. S. gat hered together its of Mr. and Mrs. Andoh in their immaculate resources with the objective of becoming a home and garden (packed with camellias) in truly international force with an influence in suburban Kobe. An example of their kindness every country where camellias are grown, surely and thoughtfulness was an unforgettable day no step was more inspirational or effective on which they, accompanied by Mr. Koichi than the appointment of Mr. Yoshiaki Andoh Yamada, took us first to a fine restaurant as one of its directors. which looks down from a height of 3000 m. on Eminent lawyer, scholar and business man the environs of Kobe and Osaka. We went on in his own country, Mr. Andoh is a true inter­ to the important camellia nursery of the national in the world of camellias. Weare all Kanaoka family, then to a remarkable annual sad that indifferent health has led to his relin­ nurserymen's fair, and finally to the delightful quishing the position of vice-president of our and substantial garden of Mr. Itsuro Munakata, society, which he has occupied with distinction one of Japan's most eminent artists specialising for so many years. However, knowing the in the painting of camellias. That day will man, I am sure that his great talents and never be erased from our memories. abilities will continue to be directed towards Over the years Yoshiaki Andoh has been the advancement of the society and of camellias one of the most significant contributors to generally. our 1. C S. Journal authoratitive, with a delightful Mr. Andoh and his charming wife, Tsuneko, style and a generous readiness to respond to were focal points in the success of memorable the editor's every request. ICS members can international conferences at Nantes (France) catch something of the spirit and international in 1977, Perry (USA) in 1978, Rotorua (New outlook of the man in an article he sent to me, Zealand) in 1979, and Kyoto (Japan) in 1980. as editor, on his impressions in Georgia in The last mentioned of these was of course the 1978, particularly at Massee Lane. It appears culmination of years of planning and devotion on pages 18 and 19 of ICS Journal No 11 of by him. Its success constituted a tremendous October 1979. Similarly Camellia News. the tribute to the man, his meticulous attention to publication of the Australian Camellia Research detail and his love of camellias. Society, in its issue No 66 of December 1977 In 1976 my wife and I enjoyed the hospitality (pages 12 and 13) reflects the international outlook of Mr. Andoh in a message he sent on the occasion of the twenty fifth anniversary of the ACRS. Perhaps I can here quote briefly from that message, written shortly after the death of Professor Waterhouse: ... When we consider the place occupied by Professor Waterhouse in the creation of the ACRS and in bringing it to its present status we become sure that he will remain a symbol of the society which has a character of its own, reflecting the love of camellias through human love. It is my own belief that the seeds sown by him will continue to grow beautifully, becoming thicker and thicker. I con­ gratulate the ACRS on the attainment of Mr. Yoshiaki Andoh alld Mrs. Andoh its Silver Anniversary, and in so doing express the hope and belief that the society will cherish the late professor's dream ana fulfil its mission .. "

20 One of the great privileges of my own life Camellia in my garden that he sent me. One has been knowing and working with Yoshiaki such present would be splendid, but to repeat Andoh. his gift, when I lost the first consignment JOHN ALPEN when it perished together with many precious Newport Beach. N.S. W. Australia I'pecie in a lathe house disaster, is liberality indeed. A Tribute to Yosbiaki Andob He has won me to his side in extolling the It has been a privilege for me, as President virtues and beauties of the 'Apricot Centered' of the International Camellia Society, to have Higo Camellia. Would that we could read his had the assistance and close co-operation of books which would enhance our knowledge Yoshiaki Andoh on the Board of Directors as further. Vice President. Always helpful, courteous and Looking back, (I am of the generation who friendly with a deep love and appreciation of has more of their lives behind them) to my camellias, and having a great fund of knowledge happy visit to beautiful Japan in 1961-62. I of the old Japanese cultivars, I have been realise that not only does our Society promote honoured by his friendship. research, the breeding, culture and growing A successful businessman, his flair for of the genus Camellia - but also our horizons planning was exemplified by the magnificent are wideneed, doors are opened and friendships organization work that produced the smoothly are made. working Kyoto Congress in 1980, where he Thank you once again Mr. Yoshiaki Andoh and his petite wife Tsuneko were such charming for your part in this work. hosts. MRS. VIOLET LORT-PHILLIPS As an author, Yoshiaki Andoh has produced a number of books on camellias, the publication in 1971 of Tsubaki, Meika no Shokai to Saibai A tribute to Mr. Yoshiaki Andoh, my pen pal being a magnificent production. As Professor In 1972 I was presented with a gift of Mr. Waterhouse wrote: Andoh's book of Japanese Camellias and was "The whole range ofcolour plates in this so intrigued by the double fold of Kawari-Ba book is most exciting. The more you Camellia foliage that I had the nerve to write study them the more you admire the taste this completely unknown (to me) gentlemen. and selectiveness with which they are I asked about the availability of a listing (in presented. This work has been a great English) of these varieties. Return air mail labour of love." brought a small book just edited by Mr. Andoh T. J. SAVIGE and a letter telling me that a list. would be forthcoming shortly. This is how our acquaint­ ance began. Mr. Yosbiaki Andoh No matter how busy this gentleman has I am sure that many members of the I.C.S. been, he has always taken the time to write will join with me in thanking Mr. Andoh for and to be of assistance. his unstinted service to the Society and to our Some years passed before I had the great knowledge of Camellias. He has managed, pleasure of meeting Mr. and Mrs. Andoh. I with seemingly little effort, to establish a found them to be utterly charming. Each time 'rapport' with his correspondents. I have only I came away from the International Camellia had the pleasure of meeting him in person at Society meetings with the feeling that time the Congress in Nantes, but felt that I was had been cruel and there was never enough to greeting a friend. He and the other members "visit" with the Andohs. It has been like an of the Japanese delegation forgave my 'faux unsatisfied thirst for his great knowledge. pas' when I met them with a low bow and my I consider it one of life's great privileges to only remembered Japanese word which sounds have met this great gentleman and consider it like 'Mushi-Mushi' and is I am assured correct an honour to call him "Friend". greeting between friends on the telephone, It is with regret that I see his departure but not at all the right thing for a Director of from the International Camellia Society board. the I.C.S. to say to such a distinguished group! It will be a great loss to the entire Camellia Though he is relinquishing his post of Vice world, not just for his friend here in Baton President, he will have a place of honour in Rouge. my thoughts and a living testimonial of his VIOLET MAY R. STONE generosity in the fine' collection of Higo Baton Rouge. Louisiana. U.S.A. 21

I; La retraite de Yoshkiaki Andoh We all wish him a long and happy retirement Les Franyais ont fait la connaissance de - and may it be crowned with further success. Yoshkiaki Andoh pour la premiere fois quand JOHN' TOOBY nous avons accueilli Ie Congres International Worcester, England aNantes ou it conduisait un groupe important de ses compatriotes. Nous avions, pour preparer sa venue, echange plusieurs lettres et apprecie In 1980 I was in search of Higo camellias la precision de son esprit d'organisateur, and owing to my inexperience in the matter, I pendant Ie Congres nousavions admire ses applied to Prof. E. G. Waterhouse who referred qualites humaines de Chef de Groupe, soucieux me to Yoshiaki Andoh who kindly sent me de faciliter les contacts les plus interessants scions of some varieties of Higo camellias. entre son groupe et les autres Congressistes, Thus in Italy there started the cultivation of malgre les barrieres de la langue. the same and from that moment began a very Mais c'est au Congres de Kyoto que nous friendly correspondence. avons vraiment decouvert l'homme extra­ At the Nantes congress in 1977, I had the ordinaire qu'il est en participant a 5 jours de pleasure of meeting personally Yoshiaki Andoh Corigres qui se sont deroules sans une faille, and his wife. He was leader of a group of sans Ie moindre retard, dans une ambiance Japanese to whom he translated what was aussi confortable qu'amicale. said in English. His authority in the camellia Comme responsable du Groupe Franyais a field is enormous. From time to time I receive Kyoto, je suis heureux de lui redire ici, comme from him a gift of a book. He is always very l'avait deja fait pour nous Ie Professeur Fran90is kind and his numerous articles are very well Martin, notre interprete, combien nous nous documented. Cultivating camellias as a hobby, souvenons avec reconnaissance des attentions he puts in all his enthusiasm. I noticed, when dont luimeme et madame a nous ont entoures, in 1980 I visited his house and small garden at de leur courtoisie si amicale et si agissante et Kobe, that the garden was really too small for de tout ce qu'ils nous ont permis adecouvrir the great love he has for camellias. Now his de leur beau pays. dream of having a bigger garden is satisfied at C'est un au revour que lui disent les Franyais last. He writes to me that on a mountain, on a avec l'espoir que sa sante lui permettra de big area he is going to cultivate his beloved participer encore ade nombreuses rencontres camellias. Certainly his resignation from the internationales. office of Vice-President of I.C.S. is a great JEAN LABOREY loss for everybody. From my personal experience, the organizing activity in the various camellia hobbyist associations takes a lot of All members will regret that for health time and leaves no space for the research, the reasons Yoshiaki Andoh has decided he can experiments or the cultivation of camellias. I no longer remain an officer of the Society. wish that now my friend Andoh may again After eight years, first as Director and then as write books on camellias which represent a Vice-President he has given freely of his time binding link between the camellias that either and talents and it is our loss that he is unable spontaneously or in cultivation grow in Japan to become President. He has worked hard to and the camellias growing in the West. breakdownthelanguagebarrier, corresponded freely and helped to bring closer understanding DR. ANTONIO SEVESI between east and west. The Kyoto Congress Milan, Italy which he largely inspired, fully exemplified his friendly approach to everyone he met and will never be forgotten by those from the west who took part. He not only assembled an array of talented speakers, he also saw to it that there were sufficient English speaking Japanese academics who helped to make us feel at home and then added many little personal touches of kindness. He is retiring to concentrate on breeding camellias in the "double-decker" greenhouse in his lovely little garden at Kobe and his mountain nursery.

22 u I Milton Brown - an appreciation

Milton Brown (Brownie to his many friends) first became known to British camellia lovers during his spell at the American Embassy in London. He and his lovely wife Ann were regular attenders at I.C.S. Conferences whenever he could manage it - and this meant usually. On his retirement he became Executive Secretary of the American Camellia Society and moved to Fort Valley in Georgia. He was elected a Vice-President of this Society in 1978 and was a leading member of the team who organised the enjoyable ICS/ ACS Congress in Perry, Georgia, in the autumn of that year. We shall miss him in the Councils of the I.C.S. and wish him the best of good Mil,on Brown with Toshior Veda, Yoshiaki Andoh and fortune in the future, both personally and Tom Sal'ige with the A.C.S. Long may these two great "Brownie". His pretty wife, Ann, sat between Societies work together in harmony! us, and I was doing my best to encourage her JOHN TOOBY to talk. Mischievously, I thought up questions Worcester, England that hopefully would require her answer to include words sounding like "out and about". Even now, I could not hope to spell "out and 20 years ago about" in the way her fascinating Virginian BIRTH OF A DREAM. voice pronounced it. DAWN OF A THOUSAND FRIENDSHIPS Millon H. Brown, one of the first American I don't think I shall ever forget that Sunday servicemen to arrive in Australia in World afternoon in late April 1962, driving up to World II, had written to invite me to be guest­ Towson, in Baltimore, from Mclean, Virginia. speaker at the Annual Banquet of the Camellia I could hardly believe that at long last, I was Society of the Potomac Valley. It was a thrilling gazing across those fields to the hills of first visit to America's national capital for me, Maryland! with the function held at Washington's Army Maryland had always been my magnificent and Navy Club. obsession, from the time the American Fleet After my slide presentation of Australian had anchored in Sydney Harbour during my camellias, several members asked if it would school holidays. The harbour ferry-boats took be possible, at short notice, to give the same countless thousands of young naval explorers address the following evening at the Annual to swarm over the modern dreadnoughts, and Banquet of the Pioneer Camellia Society of the one I chose was signed: "To USS Maryland, at Baltimore. Brownie and Ann Maryland". Even then, you see, I was pro­ immediately offered to drive me up through foundly influenced by that poem we had recited those green-walled hills I had dreamt about. in class: I doubt if anyone who attended either of Up from the meadows, rich with corn, those banquet evenings in April 1962 knew Clear in the cool September morn, that the International Camellia Society had The c1uster'd spires of Frederick stand been inaugurated on the very first day of that Green-walled by the hills of Maryland. month .. From that moment I had never been able to Within another 18 months, the society had imagine anything as soul-stirring as that last enrolled members in 26 countries. But line. international togetherness was restricted to Now it was all really unfolding before my four issues of the International Camellia Journal eyes. until April 1972, the tenth anniversary of the The car was skimming along the undulating society's foundation. At that time, 175 members interstate highway in the capable hands of a from 11 countries assembled in congress at twinkly-eyed camellian everyone called Stresa, on Lake Maggiore, northern Italy.

23 The success of that gathering was so evident, Brownie and Ann led a group of twenty it was agreed that further congresses should American camellians to Australia and New be planned in various regions. We subsequently Zealand in August 1976, and the following learnt that it was Ann Brown, supported by year saw Milton elected an American Director vice-president Albert Fendig of Georgia, who of the ICS. In 1978 he became a Vice-President. suggested the second international congress in company with Mr Yoshiaki Andoh of Japan, should be held in Australia. and Sir Giles Loder of England, and has served My own friendship with Brownie and Ann in that capacity for five years. had been cemented by a further visit to During his Vice-Presidency, Brownie also McLean, Virginia, in 1966. It was then that I held the onerous but challenging office of started to appreciate that a widening of personal Executive Secretary-Editor of the American relations, internationally, was at least as Camellia Society. It says a tremendous amount important as widening our knowledge of the for this man's devotion to international under­ flower that had brought us together. standing and co-operation that he undertook Through the years that followed, we were the job of sponsoring American support for able to supplement our trans-Pacificcorres­ that cause, while giving himself so strenuously pClndence with an exchange of articles for our to the task of developing his own national respective regional journals. Then in 1972, society. with Rowena and our two younger children, a With the approach of 1983, and the European tour enabled us to visit the Browns internationally-sensible transfer of ICS adminis­ in London during Brownie's term there with tration from Australia to the northern hemi­ the American Embassy. sphere, I speak for all in Australia who have It was a Sunday morning two months later oeen privileged to help make a dream come when Professor Waterhouse invited three of true. his Australian friends to discuss the future of My especial appreciation goes tQ the man the ICS. We sat on the front verandah of his who introduced me to the green-walled hills Sydney home, "Eryldene". An overseas visitor of Maryland, and far beyond ... to a thousand who joined in the discussion was convinced international friendships that blossomed with that the 11-year-old society had failed, and all the happiness of the flower that brought us could not be revived. I believe it was this together. challenge that evoked our determination to ERIC CRAIG offer the Professor our full support for a Sydney, Australia programme of revitalisation, and more regular international fraternisation. The second ICS congress, at Sydney in 1973, was actually the first properly-called meeting of ICS members, The meeting ratified the Constitition, and requested an Australian Executive to administer the society for the time being. However, what was initially envisaged as a three-year term stretched out to nine. years. This happened because the society-revival philosophies were starting to work, and Directors decided it was preferable for the society's administration pattern to become firmly established. The value of international meetings "in person" became very apparent at the Sydney congress. Further congresses were subsequently organised at 3. Cornwall, England in April 1976 4. Nantes, France May 1977 5. Perry, Georgia, USA . November 1978 6. Rotorua, New Zealand August 1979 7. Kyoto, Japan March 1980 8. Spain & Channel Islands March 1981 9. Sacramento, California March 1983

24 Tom Savige - an appreciation

Our retiring President is a countryman; his the nomenclature of the genus Camellia. The grandfather and father farmed in the eastern disciplined scientific approach to this monu­ side of the State of Victoria, Australia; his mental task, the sorting of check lists from all inherited love of agriculture and horticulture over the world, combined with his encyclopaedic combines well with a scientific training; he knowledge (he acquired a working knowledge took a degree in engineering in 1932. of Chinese and Japanese characters) make His interest in Camellias was awakened him one of the foremost Scholars in this field, during the last war when he was stationed at as his books, articles and critiques affirm. His San Diego California from 1946 to 1949. latest book "The Camellia" is eagerly awaited, Returning to Australia he married Olive; it is it is to be published in October and will contain impossible to pay tribute to one without the many colour plates by artist Peter Longhurst. other. Tom and Olive epitomise for me, "a This erudition is worn lightly but is profound Pommie" (slang for Britisher) all that is best in Many of his friends and colleagues will agree the people of that wonderful continent that this short account of some of Tom's Australia. Tom is an international figure in activities does not do justice to the talents of the Camellia World. The list of Societies to this many sided man. which he belongs is long. Starting with the Tom was one of the first members of the A.C.S. (American Camellia Society) he was a I.C.S. to welcome me to Australia in 1961. I founder member of the Australian Camellia have been an admiring pupil ever since. The Research Society and is a member of the Society owes him a great debt. Weare fortunate Italian and Japanese Camellia Societies to that he is carrying on his work as custodian of name but a few. With Olive he travels the cultivars and our honoured Registrar of Nomen­ world to confer and judge. clature. His interest in interspecific hybridisation and the new cultivars he introduced has VI. LORT-PHILLIPS enriched our gardens. His research on old Jersey, C.I. Camellia Literature led to his life's work on Les Jury ­ 1901-1982

The camellia world owes a very great deal Jury when he came back to his grandfather's to Les Jury. With great skill and application home county in 1976 and the Journal of that he took over the breeding of the williamsii year shows him, with his plenitude of white hybrids where their originator, J. C. Williams, hair, .tackling with professional zeal the planting left off and, discarding many of a quality of 'Grand Jury' at Mount Edgcumbe in a small which 1. C. Williams would have retained, he ceremony inspired by another charming New concentrated ruthlessly on the production of Zealander, Lady Mount Edgcumbe. Success new forms and colours, never allowing himself and worldwide acclaim, and time's winged to deviate from the highest standards. chariot, served only to strengthen his own 'Caerhays' and 'George Blandford' marked endeavours and to encourage others, by the culmination of the work of 1. C. Williams. example and exposition, of which this journal 'Anticipation', 'Elsie Jury' and 'Elegant Beauty' contains an example, to carry his work on to established, worldwide, the hallmark of Les greater heights. The choice of the name 'Grand Jury. They put the quality and complexity of Jury' was no sign of a swollen head: it was a williamsii hybrids on a higher plane, each of nice combination of legal history and a big them winning major Hybrid Awards in the camellia in the type of play on words in which USA between 1967 and 1980. In 1979 they he liked to indulge. 'Flames Desire' became were joined in the top flight of American 'Mirage', signifying that it was not the real red show winners by 'Debbie' and 'Gay Time'. In for which he was striving. Latterly he placed, England, after trial at Wisley, the Royal and preached, great faith in 'Fuyajo' as a Horticultural Society gave his camellias two source of dark red but he did not deny its lack Awards of Merit and two First Class Certificates. of a hardy constitution. We in England were privileged to meet Les When he came to England in 1976, Les was

25 accompanied by his wife Mona who for nearly speciosum hybrids. Every year the people who eleven years made his life 'contented and visit my garden in August rejoice in their peaceful' and lovingly supported his endeavours. scent. Taking the spots out of Tigridias was, Nor have we seen the last of Les Jury's fine perhaps, an example of his puckish sense of camellias. He told me that he had named a humour bui he did it and, in the process, new 'world-beater' after Mona. It is indeed a very colours, peach and orange, emerged. lovely commemoration of their happiness If the camellia world owes much to Les together and will find its place in the Hall of Jury, lowe more, almost everything indeed as Fame. a principal beneficiary from his life's work Les Jury died on the 28th of August in his and generosity. I cherish the privilege not 81st year. Most of us would regard his work only of paying this slender tribute but also the on camellias as sufficient occupation but he greater privilege of helping to write, in his had other ploys continuing through the rest of ancestral country, that classic epitaph which the year. I know nothing of his work on rhodo­ he so appositely merits - "si monumentum dendrons and azaleas but we who listened to quaeris, circumspice', 'if you seek his him lecturing at Falmouth in 1976 will not monument, look around' DAVID TREHANE forget the glory of his Lilium auratum­ Cornwall, England Future camellia development

______=Lc=.e-=d-=e=-v-=e-=-lo-'PLJP'-e_m_ent avenir du camelia Desarrollo futuro de la Camelia Sviluppo futuro della Camelia L. E. JURY New Plymouth, New Zealand See colour section There are so many beautiful camellia varieties with a white, I thought it could possibly reveal available today that further worthwhile develop­ the recessive colour. One seedling which ment calls for more serious consideration than flowered, from a distance was deep blue. On ever before. The greatest and most desirable close examination it was a light purple, proving objective at this time is new colours. The that 'Fuyajo' has a purple gene content. most likely possibilities appear to lie in the However, that plant was lost on being moved. blue-purple sector and in increased yellow, Another breeder, 'Bright Buoy' - 'Fuyajo' and perhaps orange, content. X 'Hassaku' - a single crimson, I consider an In the course of raising hundreds of hybrid excellent parent for many crosses, more seedlings one occasionally comes up with a particularly for crossing with reticulata and plant which has apparent possibilities of its hybrids. However, as 'Bright Buoy' has a exceptional qualities. I have raised just a few long flowering season and has very bright such plants, mainly in my later breeding, which long lasting pollen anthers, it could also, along I call (incorrectly) 'breeder' plants. They should with 'Crimson Buoy', be crossed with varieties be called 'selected forms', but these appear to showing some blue or purple toning. be of higher value for future hybridising than For increased yellow content, I have some others which have been rated as selected 'Grandee' - granthamiana X 'Edith Linton'. forms. I make this distinction because of the This cross was made with the idea that, because possibilities they show for new colours and 'Edith Linton' is the seed parent of both other qualities. 'Brushfield's Yellow' and 'Gwenneth Morey', For blue-purples, I have 'Crimson Buoy' ­ it must have a recessive yellow gene content. 'Fuyajo' X 'Australis', a single crimson. The 'Grandee' has large wide open blooms up to plant is slow growing but has distinct purple 14 cm (5% ins) diameter with 9-10 petals flecks in its leaves indicating it may have mainly light pink, with a yellowish centre. As some purple gene content. I am sure 'Fuyajo' it did not set any seed, I considered it a has a recessive· purple gene content because triploid, but to test the fertility of its pollen I of a cross I made some years ago - 'Fuyajo' crossed it on to a bloom of 'Bokuhan' ('Tinsie'). X 'Gradiflora alba' ('Gauntletti'). The blooms It set two seeds and I have raised two seedlings. of 'Fuyajo' are not a true red. By crossing it I sent some scions to Dr. Ackerman. He says

26 it is a triploid and sterile as a seed parent, but not successful in the first cross, then very he will attempt to double the chromosome possibly in the next cross. count and thus produce a fertile seed setter. I I have two other selected forms which, along have given scions to other hybridists, suggesting with those mentioned above, could I am sure they use its pollen on 'Brushfield's Yellow' save years of work by other hybridists. I am and 'Golden Gate' with the idea of getting a also convinced that large numbers of plants plant with "additive" yellow gene content. should be raised, so as to get the really Another cross was made on saluenensis with outstanding plants, worthy of taking their place 'Edith Linton' as pollen parent. From this cross besides the others already in existence. a single pink with creamy centre was selected Since moving from my previous gardens to as seed parent and crossed with 'Gwenneth Smart Road in 1971, I have worked only on a Morey'. All 15 seedlings flowered pink except small scale in hybridising camellias. I gave up one which was a little more yellow than the work for nine years, but seeing the brilliant 'Gwenneth Morey'. This has been named 'Jury's reds coming from 'Joyful Bells', (Saluenensis Yellow'. I regard this result as an additive X 'Fuyajo') I realised they were too valuable effect of yellow gene content, and although to just abandon. Because of lack of ground, the increase in yellow colour was only small, my second crosses were planted on a farm it does show the possibilities of pursuing this where they were damaged by grass grub. From line of crossing. them I selected the most promising, which Still another cross was made with some included my breeder plants, also 'Mona Jury', yellow potential - saluenensis X granlhamiana 'Jubilation' and 'Jury's Yellow'; all the rest - resulting in a single pink with creamy were abandoned. The selected plants were suffusion in centre. It has been named 'Grannie'. brought to Smart Road. It took three years to It sets seed fairly well, and by crossing it with get them back into vigour and to be able to 'Brushfield's Yellow' and 'Golden Gate' I am evaluate them. With such promising material, hopeful of getting a bloom with yellow central I knew that I had to go into hybridising again. petaloids and pink outer petals. With And I also knew that at my age, and very little granlhamiana in both 'Grandee' and 'Grannie' ground available, I could not make all the the results could be unusual forms and colour possible combination of crosses which then combinations. lay before me. I realised too that I would have Another plant I regard even more highly to distribute scions of my breeder plants to than any of the above, is a cross from 'Fuyajo' other hybridists around the camellia growing X 'Moshio', named 'Scarlet Buoy', a single world, and this I have done. orange-scarlet. Looking into its petals, I get As my breeder plants were too small to set the impression that it has recessive genes of much seed for a while, I got to work first on orange or yellow, or perhaps both. Crossed with 'Brushfield's Yellow' or 'Golden Gate' 'Tinsie' X japonica and 'Fuyajo' X jap. 'Zambo' the result could possibly be an orange or even - the latter cross was purposely made in an a yellow. If an orange camellia is possible, I endeavour to get a purple bloom - such as I feel that 'Scarlet Buoy' will lead the way - if obtained some years ago from 'Fuyajo' X 'Gauntletti' - that plant was lost on being moved. The plants of the above cross are six years old, most have flowered, but no purples. Most were red with purple veins - surprisingly one was a brilliant scarlet, large seven petal single, with extraordinary substance. I regard it as a superior breeder plant; it is to be named 'Brilliant Buoy'. There was a paeony double purple bloom shown at our last National Show, a seedling from 'Fuyajo', it has been named 'In The Purple'. That confirms my finding that there is a recessive purple gene in 'Fuyajo'. In the six year old 'Tinsie' X japonica crosses, there was a surprise in that one flowered a Planting camellias purple paeony with a wide border of white (excellent); another was a semi-double mauve­

27 blue (good) but both were first bloom on crimson, also purple-blues and may be orange. plant, and I did not mark the particular stems, I know of no other camellia with such a range expecting subsequent blooms would be the ofcolour possibilities but such a wide diversity same, but they were red with purple veins. means that hybridists have to raise large Another surprise result came from 'Tinsie' numbers of seedlings to obtain the very top X 'Elegant Beauty'. A formal very dark crimson forms of each colour. Also one colour gene colour, much darker than either parent, which could be recessive to some degree and another seems to indicate 'Tinsie' may be related to very recessive, as appears to be the case with the black camellia group, also it does have purple. English plantsmen made an excellent similarities in leaf to 'Fuyajo'. In the 'Tinsie' start on the hybridising of camellias, and I X japonica crosses, five plants had similar would like to see them doing a lot more work. size and form blooms as 'Tinsie'. One had the A letter from Mr. J. Gallagher some years ago red outer petals with central bunch of cream said he thought the only worthwhile cross to petaloids tipped red, it will be named in due be C. saluenensis X japonica, and no other course. crosses need be made till every variety of I am sorry to say that I have no idea as to japonica had been crossed. the hardiness of C. 'Fuyajo' and its derivatives, As there are thousands ofjaponica varieties, because we get only light frosts in our area. such an enterprise would be impossible. I But I am quite sure of this, that my 'Fuyajo' would urge that a group of camellia enthusiasts related breeder plants, are on the verge of band together in an effort to raise hardier producing the most brilliant reds, from scarlet camellia plants for the English climate. On to deepest crimson, with bright long lasting the way to the 1976 I.C.S. Convention, I called pollen anthers and long season flowering. As on Dr. Ackerman and had a few pleasant and for increased yellow content, I have not much informative hours with him. I was amazed to to report, except that I gave my original plant see the extent of his work on cold hardy of 'Jurys Yellow' to another hybridist who has camellias. a special house for seeding plants and he has He is a most friendly man and I feel sure he seed set to another with yellow content. Here would gladly give all possible assistance to set I would point out that the so called yellows up an English group. The American Camellia usually flower white in an enclosed house. Society has carried out tests to find the hardiest Also I could mention that I have about 90 japonicas, and published their findings. I feel seedlings, two and three years old from 'Scarlet that the very least English enthusiasts should Buoy' X 'Brushfields Yellow'. do, is to obtain scions of the hardiestjaponicas It is said that when camellia seedlings first and cross them with C. saluenensis. emerge above the soil, if there is any colour Finally I would point out how differently a pigment showing in them, that is an indication camellia variety will perform in the various of the colour of the bloom to come! It was environmental conditions of other countries. most interesting to see the above seedlings Take for one instance, the hybrid 'Joan emerging they varied in colour from light Trehane'. In New Zealand it is a semi-double green to light yellow to darker yellow. Because pink, very short in season of flowering; in 'Scarlet Buoy' ('Fuyajo' X 'Moshio') has an England it is a different colour, different form, orange toning, I am hoping for an orange and flowers long season, consequently it is colour bloom. Perhaps, I should also point marketed only in England. out that 'Fuyajo' is a hybrid, and not ajaponica 'Daintiness', Mr. Trehane told me it was as had been considered by the Japanese. I not a good seller. Here in New Zealand it has could not see 'Fuyajo' as ajaponica, so I sent rather poor blooms on a small plant, but when cuttings to Dr. Ackerman of the U.S.A. for a established, you then get the blooms which cytological examination. He found one show the magnolia substance of 'Magnoliae­ chromosome of extraordinary length - such flora' and indeed I regard it as a great an abberation he said proved it to be hybrid. improvement on 'Magnoliaeflora' in that it Further examination of some crosses with does not burn in sun so readily. It is our 'Kurotsubaki' (another of the black camellia earliest 'Williamsii' hybrid to flower and still groups) revealed the long chromosome in about in bloom with the last of them. half of them, the colours varied from pink to In regard to 'select' forms; I imported 'J. C. black-crimson. According to results in my Williams' in both the F.C.C. and A.M. forms, crosses with 'Fuyajo', it has colour genes for but soon I had my own singles with larger pinks through to scarlet through to black­ blooms and more substance, so the two select

28 forms were used for grafting stock. One of my The latter won champion no-retic hybrid bloom own selected singles which was crossed with at our National Show. These two varieties 'Betty Sheffield Supreme', resulted in two confirmed the idea of extra substance in the named varieties, 'Jubilation' and 'Mona Jury'. second cross. Sazanka and its hybrids

Sazanka et ses hybrides Sazanka y sus hibridas Sazanka e sus ibridi CLIFFORD R. PARKS Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.c, 27514, U.S.A.

Since I first became acquainted with useful. More tests of cultivars under garden camellias, I have been fascinated by the species conditions over the range of climates where Camellia sasanqua, and as a result of this sazanka is grown should be carried out Reports interest I undertook a breeding program with from collectors of sazanka cultivars in different it in the autumn of 1964. The highly variable regions would be a good start. cultivated forrns2 of sazanka offer many valuable Camellia hiemalisJ (introgressed cultivars of genetic characteristics for the camellia breeder Camellia sasanqua): These varieties have including autumn bloom, excellent growth form somewhat coarser foliage and larger flowers and disease resistance; but despite the value than the typical sazankas. The well known of these traits, this species has been used varieties of C. hiemalis, such as'Shishi-gashira' relatively little in breeding programs. In this and'Showa-no-sakae', belong in this grouping. discussion I will review the horticultural (It has been argued elsewhere, by Parks, Kondo advantages and disadvantages of several sasanka and Swain [1981], that these varieties are hybrid combinations with which I am familiar. strongly influenced by genes from C. japonica.) The sazankas that I have observed in the Despite the great variability there are some wild state in Japan on Shikoku and Kyushu recognizable trends in this group of cultivars. are vigorous small trees that produce small, The bloom season tends to be a little later white, single flowers. The cultivated forms than the average sazankas, and while this can exhibit a well known array of variation in be a disadvantage in the marginal cooler areas flower colour, size and form, plant texture of the range, such as central North Carolina, and habit, bloom season and disease resistance. in most seasons the C. hiemalis cultivars make This rather great variation has probably resulted a respectable display there. On the other hand from selection of natural variants and in California, this late bloom is desirable hybridization events with C. japoniccr. In many because better flowers are achieved in the areas where C. sasanqua is grown, such as lower temperatures of late autumn. In Japan much of N.orth Carolina, both nurserymen the familiar 'Kan Tsubaki' (c. hiemalis) makes and gardeners are generally unaware of the a display into the early spring. Earlier blooming great range of variation found in the estimated forms of C. hiemalis for use in areas with 600 extant cultivars of this species. Although early freezes can be selected since seedlings variety trials or comprehensive selection segregate for bloom season. While most programs have not been carried out, it is clear cultivars of C. sasanqua have erect growth that some varieties are strongly resistant to form, the spreading form of 'Shishi-gashira' is dieback, Glomerella cingulata, leaf gall, often expressed in its seedlings. There is Exobasidium camelliae, and cold injury. The evidence that some of the cultivars in this great variation in bloom season, floral grouping are slightly more resistant to cold characteristics and plant form makes some than the typical cultivars of sazanka; however, cultivars much more useful than others for more tests are necessary to determine if this is certain horticultural situations. While some the case. Hardiness should be coupled with of this information is available, a catalogue of earliness to be a useful characteristic in the the cultivars of sazanka with a detailed cooler areas of cultivation of the sazanka plant description of each variety would be most group. The performance of the C. hiemalis

29 cultivars should be tested in areas such as leaf gall or dieback in my plantings. Dr. England where the summers are cool. As with Ackerman's hybrids are now becoming the typical sazankas these cultivars segregate available, .and we hope that a range of these for resistance to leaf gall and dieback infections. sazanka-like hybrids will soon be available. They offer great potential for use in the This hybrid combination should be tested in landscape because of their tendency to bud the cool European areas where sazanka cannot heavily, produce bright colours and tolerate a be successfully grown. variety of growing situations. Camellia sasanqua can be readily hybridized Camellia vernalis (Camellia sasanqua X C. with a number of other species in the Section 5 japonica hybrids and advanced generation Paracamellia (see Sealy, 1958 ), but so far segregates): The small number of clones of C. most of these have not produced horticulturally vernalis, about 25, are hybrids and backcrosses interesting combinations. The new species from of C. sasanqua and C. japonica (see references China offer possibilities worth exploring by on this subject). Mr. Takayuki Tanaka has the hy bridizer. made a detailed study of this group, and his Camellia sasanqua X C. reticulata: I first work will provide new insights into their origin. saw the blooms of this hybrid combination Although these cultivars are slightly more hardy years ago when Mr. Howard Asper displayed than the sazankas, their tendency to bloom in his, then unnamed, new hybrids, "The Girls". the middle of the winter is a mixed blessing. I was taken by the spectacular floral display, In the milder regions of California, the and I decided then that I would further explore American Gulf Coast, and much of Japan and this combination. In central North Carolina Australia-New Zealand the midwinter display these hybrids are not dependable since they is most welcome. There are a variety of floral start blooming late in the autumn at about the colours and forms as well as a variety of foliar time the first big freeze occurs, and their textures in this group. As with C. sasanqua, vegetative hardiness is marginal. Since they there is variable resistance to dieback and vary in bloom season, we have been able to leaf gall. Since the plants are acceptably hardy select a few that flower with the later sazankas. and often bloom in the late autumn to the One of these earlier selections, 'China Girl', early winter, these can provide colour in a has been introduced in Japan by Mr. Yoshiaki season that is often bleak. The strongest and Andoh. While these semi-tender hybrids are clearest red colour that I have observed in not fully dependable in the colder parts of the any sazanka type of camellia occurs in the C. camellia belt, excellent displays are possible vernalis clone'Ryuko'. Locally, our best known in sheltered gardens. Strange as it may seem, cultivar of C. vernalis, 'Dawn', makes quite a the flower buds of this hybrid grouping are a respectable display in all but the most severe little more cold resistant than pure sasanka, of winters. so the blooms withstand the early light freezes Camellia sasanqua X C. oleifera: Since Dr. of late autumn fairly well. The flower colours William Ackerman4 observed that these hybrids favour the strong pink and rose shades of C. are more cold hardy than pure Camellia reticulata, and occasionally a deeper magenta sasanqua, a great interest has been generated pink individual is found. The flower colours in this group. The crosses are as easy to make of this group of hybrids are truly excellent. as combinations between two different cultivars The flower forms range from single through of C. sasanqua, and the generally vigorous paeony, and the influence of C. reticulata is seedlings are quite similar to the sazankas in very strong. The foliage is intermediate between appearance. The season of bloom, colours the two species, but tends to favour the coarser and other flower characteristics fall in the parent, C. reticulata. The influence of C. general range of the cultivated forms of C. sasanqua results in the development of a plant sasanqua. Several individuals of this parentage that has a much better form and appearance derived from crosses I made several years ago than the average cultivar of C reticulata. These are generally like C. sasanqua, but the plants hybrids are not bothered by leaf gall for the are somewhat more coarse in texture. If these most part and they segregate for resistance to hybrids continue to prove hardy in the colder dieback, and thus disease resistant forms can areas of camellia cultivation, they will be selected. Where individuals of this hybrid comfortably fill the niche of Camellia sasanqua grouping are not limited by cold, they will at the northern end of the range where winter­ develop into fine landscape specimens which kill often is a problem. Clones of this hybrid produce floral displays unparalleled in the origin have not been seriously bothered by genus Camellia.

30 Backcrosses involving Camellia sasanqua been named 'Buddha's Child'. and C reticulata: I first attempted to backcross Camellia sasanqua X C pitardii: This group these hybrids after Mr. Asper gave me some of hybrids has the same bloom season variation pollen from his first C sasanqua X C reticulata as the C. reticulata X C. sasanqua hybrids ­ hybrids. The primary objective was to bring late autumn to early winter. The flower colours some improved floral quality from C reticulata we have observed so far have been pastel into a fall-blooming camellia The majority of pink and cream shades,but deeper colours these backcrosses to C sasanqua bloom in are probably possible. Our hybrids are single the mid to late autumn, and they generally but-double forms could be achieved by using show improved floral traits derived from the double-flowered clones of C. sasanqua as C reticulata grandparent. The flower colours parents. The plant texture and habit is broadly reflect both parents, but some of them show similar to C. sasanqua with a little stiffness the intense pink shades of C reticulata. With from the C. pitardii parent. Our small number an increased flower size from C reticulata, of hybrids seem to be about as cold hardy as and the C. sasanqua tendency to bud heavily, the hardiest of the C reticulata X C. sasanqua these backcrosses make spectacular garden group. Individuals of this parentage segregate displays. The plant texture and habit favour widely for resistance to dieback and leaf gall, Camellia sasanqua with a slight tendency for caused by Exobasidium, so it is possible to larger foliage from C reticulata. The foliage select disease resistant clones. This group of is nearly as resistant to winter injury as C hybrids is not as eye-catching as some others, sasanqua. The flower buds, like the C sasanqua but the flowers are interestingly different from X C reticulata parent, are a little more resistant the C. sasanqua parents - particularly in the to cold injury from early winter freezes (down aspect of the large androecium. to about - 5° C) than sazanka, but of course Camellia sasanqua X C. saluenensis: This the buds cannot withstand the deep freezes of hybrid is difficult to synthesize, but those that our midwinter season. These backcrosses have flowered bloom in the late autumn segregate for resistance to leaf gall and dieback, between the bloom dates of the two parent so disease resistant (or tolerant) selections species. The single flowers appear similar to a can be readily obtained from a population of small C. sasanqua. Without doubt, more floral backcrosses. They offer great promise for the variation could be obtained by combining a landscape, and the earliest flowering ones can wider range of C. sasanqua cultivars with C. be used in all but the coldest areas where saluenensis. Since the two parent species are Camellia sasanqua can be grown. similar in texture, the hybrid does not appear In addition a few crosses were made in the very different from the C. sasanqua parent. effort to combine the primary C sasanqua X Although we have only limited observations, C reticulata hybrid with C reticulata. As the cold and disease resistance characteristics expected these flower in the early season for are probably similar to the C. sasanqua X C. C reticulata which is, of course, midwinter. reticulata hybrid. While some interesting and The flower colours and forms of these favour subtle combinations are possible from this theC reticulata parent, but C sasanqua hybrid, it is not as important as some others. contributes a tendency to bud heavily. The Camellia sasanqua X C. X williamsii: As plant texture and habit also favour C reticulata, with the cross with C. saluenensis, this hybrid but the C sasanqua grandparent contributes is relatively difficult to synthesize, but the few a marked improvement in texture and growth that have been successfully made have good form. The plant is not adequately hardy in vigour and considerable horticultural potential. central North Carolina. This group of back­ The bloom date of the hybrid is roughly inter­ crosses is sometimes bothered by dieback in mediate, but favours the C. sasanqua parent. our area but leaf gall is rarely a problem; The form and colour of the hybrids are also however, dieback tolerant selections can be intermediate, and in the case of a hybrid obtained from backcross progenies. We have between 'Shishi-gashira' and 'William's Lav­ one of these backcrosses with a markedly ender', the flower is an interesting combination fastigate growth habit and tendency to bloom of the best qualities of the two parents. The heavily that is derived from the C reticulata plant texture and habit reflect both parents, cultivar 'Buddha'. We are of the opinion that but in the case of the specific hybrid mentioned, it has great potential for garden displays in the spreading habit and the foliar appearance the milder regions, and because of its general of 'Shishi-gashira' is predominant. The flower similarity to its "Mother", 'Buddha', it has bud and plant hardiness is relatively good, but

31 the tendency to bloom in December - January foliage that resembles C. fratema. The hardiness limits the usefulness of the hybrid in colder is average for Camellia sasanqua. The original areas; however, in the milder zones, such as plant has not been seriously bothered by California, the winter bloom will be most dieback or Exobasidium infection. This fine­ welcome. The few hybrids we have of this textured shrub with its very delicate flowers parentage have not been bothered by dieback has been named 'Yoi Machi' ("Evening or leaf gall. This is a hybrid grouping that has Wedding") and introduced in Japan by Mr. not been extensively attempted, but it is one Yoshiaki Andoh. It is my opinion that many that shows great potential for the development similarly delicate and beautiful combinations of dependable midwinter bloom. could be achieved by combining Camellia Camellia sasanqua X C. granthamiana: This sasanqua with a number of the species in the hybrid is synthesized without great difficulty, Section Theopsis; however, patience will be but its usefulness has not been fully explored. required because these hybrids are difficult to Since both parents are fall blooming, the hybrid synthesize. blooms early in the autumn. The flowers are Camellia sasanqua X C. sinensis: I have large and fragile - floral butterflies. One heard that a hybrid of this parentage exists in individual produces single blooms six inches Japan, but I have not seen it. In the last year across, and the shaded-pink colour combined we obtained two weak seedlings from this with the influence of C. granthamiana in the cross, but I am not sure if they can be brought stamens is most interesting. The plants observed to adulthood. The combination of sasanqua so far have been rather open in habit, and the and tea would seem to offer the prospect of leaves have the characteristic dark green, an interesting horticultural mix. Time will tell! indented veins of C. granthamiana. In the In conclusion, I must repeat that the hybrids fierce winter of 1981-82 this hybrid showed with Camellia sasanqua offer great possibilities less winter injury than other C. sasanqua for a wide variety of garden displays, and I hybrids, so it should be adequately hardy in encourage the hybridizers of the world to most of the areas where C. sasanqua is grown. more vigorously explore their potential. The main weakness of these hybrids has been Postscript: As we breed and introduce new their susceptibility to leaf gall infection which varieties, we tend to imagine that our "children" kills many of the small twigs. Hybrids involving will be in every yard in the international different sasanqua parents will likely vary in camellia belt, but in fact, some cultivars and their resistance to this fungus, and I suspect species are much more suited to some climates leaf gall tolerant hybrids could be obtained. than others. I am convinced that extensive There does not seem to be serious susceptibility cultivar testing of C. sasanqua and C. sasanqua to die-back. This is a hybrid combination that hybrid varieties would identify some capable has considerable potential, but we need more of satisfactory performance in at least parts of individuals from which to select desirable forms. the British Isles. When I was breeding camellias Since Exobasidium infection is only a problem in California, I was hoping to obtain early to with C. sasanqua and its hybrids in the south­ midwinter bloom (December-January) from eastern United States, some of the existing hybrids with C. sasanqua. While this Christmas hybrids might prove to be excellent garden bloom is highly desirablethere, cultivars which plants in other zones where camellias are grown. bloom in this period are always cut down by Camellia sasanqua X species in theSection severe frost in Chapel Hill, N.C., and thus are Theopsis of the genus Camellia: While I know useless here. On the other hand, these same of many attempts, the only hybrid combination selections would probably bloom in late winter I have seen in this category is a cross between or earliest spring quite satisfactorily in Japan. C. sasanqua 'Narumi-gata' and C. fraterna. Despite the fact that many fine cultivars are This solitary individual comes into flower in ruined by dieback in the southeastern U.S., the latter part of the sazanka season and and we must select, or otherwise identify, continues on into the winter until hard freezes dieback resistance or tolerance in our garden kill the flowers and buds. The flowers are camellias; in most other regions where camellias small and abundant, like C. fraterna. The are cultivated there is no reason to consider flower of the hybrid has beautiful red and dieback. For regions where there are special pink colour patterns in the abundant buds problems, specific varieties must be bred or and flowers which is a trait it has picked up identified for best garden performance, but from its parent, 'Narumi-gata'. The plant is we must remember that our best hardy varieties fine-textured and erect-growing with dark green in the "north" may not be superior or even

32 useful where hardiness or disease resistance is Parks, C. R., A. Griffiths and K. R. Montgomery. not required. Those of us who try to cultivate 1967. A possible origin of anthocyanin (red) camellias in the hostile climates of the Carolinas pigmentation in the flowers of Camellia sasanqua. Amer. Camellia, Soc. Yrbk. 1968: 229-242. or Britain must be satisfied with what can be , K. Kondo and T. Swain. 1981. Phyto­ grown in our gardens. A catalogue of cultivar chemical evidence for the genetic contamination of performance in different regions would be an Camellia sasanqua. Japan. 1. Breed. 31: 168-182. aid to Camellia gardeners everywhere. 3. Camellia hiemail:, and C. "email:, are cultivar groupings that apparently have arisen in cultivation by hybrid­ References: ization with other species, mostly however, ~. C. .ial'onica; I. "Sazanka" or Vt 1f Mountain tea flower, is following convention, these two tax a are identified the Japanese common name for Camellia sasanqua by species designations in this article (see Ref. 2). Thumberg, andis obviously the word from which the 4. Ackerman, W. L. and M. Williams. 1981..New cold wa~ latin name "sasanqua" derived. It is used here as hardy Camellia hybrid selections. Amer. Camellia the common name for C. sa>anqua. Yrbk.117-120. 2. see: Uemoto, S., T. Tanaka and K. Fujieda. 1980. 5. Sealy, J. R. 1958. A revision of the genus Camellia. Cytogenetic studies on the origin of Camellia vernalis. Roy. Hort. Soc., London. I. On the meiotic chromosomes in some related Camellia forms in Hirado Island. 1. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 48: 475-482.

A history of the International Camellia Society

Une histoire de la Societe Nationale du Camelia Una historia de la Sociedad Internacional de la Camelia Una storia della Societa Internazionale della CameIia Assembled from notes by TOM SAVIGE and ERIC CRAIG

The foundation of The International Camellia "The Society should play an active part in Society came about as a result of the contacts contributing to our knowledge of camellia made when Dr. Ralph N. Philbrick, under a nomenclature, propagation, breeding, pathology grant from theL. N. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell and other basic research. In short, it should University, was researching Camellia names become the greatest and most complete organ­ in various parts of the world. isation dealing with camellias, and take its In 1960 he brought together a Nomenclature place amongst the leading horticulture societies Advisory Group, which included (amongst of the world ... An International Society could others) Professor E. G. Waterhouse of ensure the continuation of the extensive nomen­ Australia, Mr. Albert Fendig of Georgia U.S.A., clature programme already being undertaken..". and Mr. Charles Puddle of the internationally A warm response to these invitations led to famous Bodnant Gardens in North Wales, u.K. the appointment of a foundation Board of These three gentlemen, together with Ralph Directors in January 1962: Philbrick, became the sponsors of The E. G. Waterhouse N.S.W. Australia International Camellia Society, and in October, Albert Fendig George, U.S.A. 1961, letters inviting membership of the Society, Howard Asper California, U.S.A. as well as suggestions concerning its objectives, R. E. Dean Hong Kong were mailed by them, jointly, to some fifty Tom Durrant New Zealand Camellia enthusiasts in various parts of the Harold Hillier United Kingdom world. Kiyoshi Ishikawa Tokyo, Japan In part, the letter said: Le Vicomte de "The free interchange of information and NoaiUes Grasse, France material, together with the ease of modern Ralph Philbrick Cornell University, travel, has resulted in closer contacts between U.S.A. camellia growers throughout the world. An Charles Puddle United Kingdom International Camellia Society could consolidate Tom Savige Australia these friendships, and provide the necessary Andrew Soffe S. Rhodesia leadership in all matters of international W. Wight Isle of Man importance. Professor Waterhouse was honoured by his

33 fellow Directors in being elected to fill the Ithica U.S.A. on the International Camellia position of President until such time as there Checklist. Dr. Moore said that after six years could be a formal election of Officers by the of global research by Ralph Philbrick, "the members of the Society. list of cultivar names, originally estimated at Albert Fendig was appointed Vice-President, about 3000, includes over 14,000 entries ... and Charles Puddle accepted the onerous duties These entries were largely collated and of Secretary and Editor. annotated in a checklist ready for publication. The Directors decided to inaugurate the "The checklist will consist of an alphabetical Society on 1st April, 1962, when it became listing of all cultivar names of Western and the first international society devoted to a Oriental languages which have been found to single genus of plants. Its objectives were be validly published from 1752 through 1958, promulgated as follows: together with date and place, of publication, To foster the love of Camellias throughout erroneous and synonymous names, and for the world, and to maintain and increase their those cultivars most important today, pertinent popularity. ' historical and descriptive information. The To undertake historical, scientific and literature upon which this register is based horticultural research in connection with will be listed in full, and it is anticipated that a Camellias. section will be devoted to the reproduction of To co-operate with all national and regional the characters and the transliterations of Camellia societies and with other horticultural Chinese Camellia names. Unlike the Japanese societies. names, most of these have never been brought To disseminate information concerning together before. Camellias by means of bulletins and other "The checklist will be published by the L. publications. H. Bailey Hortorium with support from the To encourage a friendly exchange between Longwood Foundation ...". Camellia enthusiasts of all nationalities. In May 1965, Journal No.3 reported: "It is Many letters welcomed the announcement becoming more and more evident that the that "The International Camellia Society would Society is not only being used as a source of always remain international in character and information on all aspects of Camellia culture, outlook, whilst working in the fullest co­ but also as a means of establishing friendships operation with national and regional societies." between enthusiasts of all nations. In July 1962, Ralph Philbrick was elected "Work has continued on the compilation of Chairman of the I.C.S. Nomenclature Com­ the new nomenclature checklist, and Dr. mittee, and shortly afterwards (August 30, Harold E. Moore Jr., Director of the L. H. 1962) the International Horticultural Congress Bailey Hortorium, gives the present position of Brussels unanimously appointed the Society as follows: 'The romanisation of oriental cultivar as International Registration Authority for the names, and final editing for the checklist, are cultivars of Camellia. The appointment was expected to be completed by Dr. Philbrick ratified by the Council of the International during the year. It is hoped that the added Society for Horticulture Science. usefulness of the final list will counter the The first issue of The International Camellia delay in publication, and that a definite Journal was published in December 1962, and publication schedule can be announced with subsequent issues edited by Charles Puddle the next Journal. ,,, Were dated The next Journal, delayed until March 1970, Ma,rch 1964 No.2 announced that "the task of compiling the May 1965 No.3 Checklist has proved immense, but the March 1970 No.4 manuscript is progressing." August 1973 No.5 Regrettably, publication of the Checklist The first Newsletter of the I.C.S., distributed has still not eventuated, and the I.C.S. Directors in February 1964, announced that Dr. Philbrick of 1978 are actively negotiating to have this had completed the International Checklist of important work finalised. Camellias at the Bailey Hortorium, and that In 1972, a most successful International publi~ation .of the list would prove of Camellia Society Congress was held at Stresa, considerable international value. northern Italy, in conjunction with the Societa The second Journal, March 1964, listed Italiana della Camelia. Prior to this, virtually members of the I.C.S. from twenty-six countries, all activities for I.C.S. members had been and featured a report by Dr. Harold Moore of confined-to the United Kingdom.

34 The superb organisation of the Stresa Zealand. A further happening of great conference by Dr. Antonio Sevesi, President importance was the concurrent growth of I.C.S. of the Italian Camellia Society, and the membership in France, leading to a superbly programme arranged by Charles Puddle, organised International Camellia Congress at resulted in a strong desire for similar gatherings Nantes, France, in May 1977, in conjunction in other parts of the world, in order to with Les Floralies Internationales de Nantes emphasize the international character of the - a truly joyous occasion of international Society, and the flower for which it was formed. togetherness. Milton Brown of U.S.A., supported by Vice­ The year was. to conclude on a sad note, President Albert Fendig, suggested that the when Professor Waterhouse passed away on next venue should be in Australia. Accordingly, 17 August. His dedication to Camellia research Professor Waterhouse issued an invitation for and development, to internationa:Hy-correct the first formal meeting of I.C.S. Members to nomenclature, to the simple appreciation of be held in conjunction with an International beauty, and to the spread of international Camellia Congress at Sydney in July 1973. friendship, contributed enormously to the This Congress unanimously endorsed the prestige of the I.C.S., and to the still-widening President's recommendations that the Constit­ popularity of the Camellia. ution should be adopted and published, that Pending the biennial elections, Directors financial statements be regularly published, voted to appoint Vice-President Tom Savige that the Journal be published annually, and of Australia to succeed Professor Waterhouse. that Directors and Officers be formally elected Mr. Savige, a Foundation Director of the I.C.S., by the Members. These points were promulgated had been a very close associate of the Professor, in the No.6 issue of the Journal, published in and is one of the world's most knowledgeable Australia in November 1974. The first ballot camellians. He has already taken a number of for Directors and Officers resulted in Professor initiatives to consolidate and further the Waterhouse being confirmed as President, and objectives of the Society per medium of (in view of Mr. Albert Fendig having opted to international consultation. retire) the election of Mr. David Trehane, International gatherings of members United Kingdom, as Vice-President. The continued with a frequency that confirmed President reiterated his deep appreciation, the great enjoyment to be found by camellia­ already expressed to Congress members at admirers in fraternising with those of similar Sydney in 1973, of the extensive work and the mind from many parts of the world ... achievements for the Society by Mr. Charles November 1978 saw a joint congress with Puddle, throughout the foundation years. the American Camellia Society at Perry, Publication of The International Camellia Georgia, and I.C.S. Congresses followed at Journal has since been maintained on an annual Rotorua, New Zealand in August 1979; at basis: Kyoto, Japan in March 1980; and at Santiago November 1975 No.7 de Compostela, Spain, continued at Jersey, November 1976 No.8 Channel Islands, in March 1981. and so on- The 1981 Directors Meeting agreed that a regularity which is proving of benefit in the society's central administration, having promoting wider readership, and in attracting been capably managed by an Australian articles of especial international significance executive since 1974, should transfer to another and interest. region from January 1983, in order to continue In early 1975, the United Kingdom Directors the international character and purpose of of the I.C.S. invited Professor Waterhouse to the society. Directors subsequently decided visit England, and to preside at a meeting of to accept the offer of the United Kindgom UK. members held at the Guards' Club in and adjacent regions to provide the operative London. A highlight of this visit was the Private executive for 1983 to 1985. Audience granted to the Professor on his ninety­ Mrs. Violet Lort-Phillips of Jersey, Channel fourth birthday by Her Majesty Queen Islands, was elected, unopposed, to succeed Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. Mr. Tom Savige of Australia as President for The enthusiasm generated by the President the same term. wherever he went led to the organisation of During his presidency, Mr. Savige made an International Camellia Congress at Cornwall, encouraging progress with the society's England, during April 1976, which attracted nomenclature objectives: I.C.S. members from as far distant as New Following a conference with Professor David

35 Bates, Director of the L. H. Bailey Hortorium published cultivar names in alphabetical order in Sydney in 1981, agreement was reached indicating synonyms and erroneous names and that the International Camellia Society would giving all orthographic variations. Earliest endeavour to produce a world check list of located date and origin for each name will be camellia cultivar names, using the Philbrick included as well as country of origin where checklist, as far as it was completed, and known. injecting into it all new camellia names This has now been virtually completed and published since the original cut-off date of the bulk of the information will be in the 1959 for the Philbrick list and also names hands ofProfessor Bat~s by the time of the from a number of other validly published lists Sacramento Congress. since located in Italy, Portugal, Japan and The following step will be to set up a new China in particular. Nomenclature Council to work on the original This has meant that the first estimate of plan of producing an International Camellia 14,000 entries has now expanded to over 23,000. Nomenclature which will include all the The original idea of a checklist including pertinent facts that can be located against all historical and descriptive information has each cultivar name. It is estimated that this proved such a formidable task that it was will take at least another three years, decided to produce an interim list of all Further suggestions to assist the South African camellians

Suggestions nouvelles en faveur des Camelias Sud-Africains Mas sugerencias en favor de las Camelias del Africa del Sud Suggerimenti di piu per aiutare Ie camelie del Africa del Sud J. E. ALPEN Newport Beach, N.S. W., Australia See colour section Last year the I. C.S. in its Journal No. 13 (pp The susanquas and the associated species, 20-23) responded to a suggestion from Leslie C. hiemalis and C. vernalis, do so well in such Riggall, director for the African region. Leslie a range of climates and circumstances in had written to say that it would assist the Australia that it is difficult to envisage their development of camellias in South Africa if not being well suited to South Africa where, growers and nurserymen in that country were no doubt, some would have been grown for brought up-to-date on varieties which are many years. To complete the record I shall currently in high regard in the various camellia­ make bold enough as to tell our South African growing regions around the world. friends that current Australian experience As editor I was happy with the batch of suggests that they could be confident of success opinions which I was able to draw from with any of the undermentioned, several of authoritative members in several countries. which are comparatively recent introductions These welded together quite well as a composite but by now well tried and proved:­ offering of advice to the South African C. sasanqua members. But in retrospect I find myself a 'Bonanza' - Large deep-red semi-double to little disappointed that we omitted any reference paeony form, excellent for espalier, small to a most important group - the sasanquas specimen tree or tub subject. and those other species which are generally 'Lucinda' - Semi-double bright rose pink. bracketed with them. Leslie's special plea was Medium upright growth. Very suitable for the names of "... cultivars of high quality for espalier. being grown, particularly reticulatas" so it is 'Mine-no-yuki' - Many petalled white semi­ perhaps understandable that the editor and double, medium, spreading habit. his contributors did not include any of the 'Plantation Pink' - Large, saucer shaped, group which one formidable authority has soft pink single. Strong upright growth. referred to as "the finest landscaping shrub of 'Setsugekka' - Large white single, petals wavy all". and fluted. Strong upright growth. Excel­

36 lent for hedge. edge, medium size, with a charm all of their 'Yuletide' - Glowing red single with prom­ own. Our own plant, growing close to a Pacific inent flare· of bright yellow stamens. Ideal Ocean beach-front and its on-shore winds, tub or formal specimen. prospers, shiny leaved with every promise of 'Sparkling Burgundy' - Rosy red, small to growing into a large plant. It blooms constantly medium, paeony form with intermingled from April to October and the flowers hold stamens and petaloids. well, both on the plant and when floated C. hiemalis indoors. The long flowering season of this 'Kanjiro' (Hiryu) - Bright rosy red, single to aptly named cultivar and the size and special semi-double, perhaps the strongest grower quality of its blooms lead one to wonder of all. whether the genes of some very fine japonica 'Shishi-gashira' - Bright rose semi-double, may intruded into the make-up of this pendulous and sprawling, ideal for tub or "hiemalis". I wish I knew more about its low hedge. origins.. C. vernalis 'Star Above Star' has been listed in a few 'Star Above Star'. very well respected catalogues and this year I The South Africans should become especially understand that it is coming into the catalogue aware of the last mentioned. 'Star Above Star' of one specialist nursery which restricts the must surely be one of the most exciting intro­ number of varieties offered to a select eighty ductions among camellias of any kind or species. or thereabouts. We are sure to be hearing Blooming right through the season it is a more and more about it and we hope that the consistent producer of star like flowers, semi­ customers of the South African nurseries do double, white shading to lavender pink at too. Gardening tomorrow Le jardinage du future La jardineria de manana Giardineria di domani MRS. VIOLET LORT-PHILLips 'La Colline', Gorey, Jersey, C.l.

Many of us are too busy getting through Tasmania, we were shown magnificent country, today's planting, weeding, mowing, watering, forests, native trees; mountains, wildflowers; to spend time and energy at the end of a tiring waterfalls and lakes. Despite long periods of day tosit down to think and discuss tomorrow. drought, thanks to modern irrigation, many Gardening, though oneofthe oldestprofessions, of the Parks and gardens were green; Sydney has in the past relied heavily on labour ­ had a welcome downpour when we arrived. skilled and unskilled. Though the housewife The fabled hospitality of Australians lived up would be disappointed if her kitchen did not to and beyond our expectations - the contain a modicum of aids - refrigerator, International Camellia Society was in the van mixers, washing machine and the lucky ones, with a splendid Barbecue. I could use all the dishwashers - the garden has remained the space allotted to me singing the praises of our Cinderella of the household with comparatively hosts. I was privileged to travel again to Sydney few new implements; a motor-mower and hose­ as a guest of the I.C.S. and saw many interesting pipe are the usual aids provided. I confess and beautiful gardens. Eryldene, which I first that I too thought it normal that I should drag visited in 1961 and was shown round by a heavy hose across my lawn and, until the Professor Waterhouse, is being splendidly cared last few years, stand holding it whilst watering for, the Captain Cook Memorial Garden with my favourite shrubs. No longer. the collection of old Camellia saved from In October 1981, I travelled through the Campden Park, and the interesting beds of eastern side of Australia with a multi-national different specie, were highlights: the list of group of members of the International pleasures, friendships renewed, and the valuable Dendrological Society; from Brisbane to time unstintingly given by members are all

37 delightful memories of my visit. It is a beautiful tress, shrubs and plants are not set out in world. categories and, therefore, require different One learns all the time, especially if one's watering - is my garden going to look like a mentor is our President, Tom Savige, whose giant octopus with pipes going everywhere? encyclopaedic knowledge and scholarly contri­ Robots like 'the traveller~ that perambulates bution to the history and nomenclature of the lawn and borders - expensive, splendid Camellia is known the world over. I stayed for flat surfaces, but not for me ... I should with Tom and Olive in their delightful house be very grateful for advice and the experiences with garden overlooking the Hume Wier, and of members. America, I know, has pioneered was introduced to the many diverse uses and these systems and I look forward with great programmes of Automatic Watering. Though pleasure to visiting some of their gardens next the computer or monitor of the system is year. daunting at first sight. I realised how Tom and Fortunately, our favourite Camellias are Olive and other keen gardeners, could keep tolerant of harsh conditions; though they do their valuable collections in mint condition not enjoy drought, they will survive. They and were able to go away on business; to flowered well after a bad winter in the islands, travel for the Society to judge and advise; for though sadly there were serious losses on the several weeks and even months at a time. Of mainland. The Society is working on cold­ course, no machine can totally replace the hardiness too. The scented Camellia is an 'seeing eye' and skilled hand, but it can and integral part of our collection and soon we does solve many problems. shall have the yellow Camellia Chrysantha to My conversion was completed when I visited add to our store. Many of we older members Harry and Dorothy Fraser and saw the are faced with diminishing physical powers ­ installation in their beautifully planned and the spirit willing, the flesh weak - battling balanced garden at Wagga Wagga, where the with the inevitable decline of standards in our heat is searing. Harry and Dorothy are gardens, help is needed to lighten the load. inveterate travellers and explorers, yet their That is why your ideas for saving work will be garden with its interesting collection of trees, invaluable to many of us. Gardening is one of shrubs and, of course, Camellia which he uses the most ephemerial of arts; that is part of the extensively for landscaping, is a green oasis; charm, the wilderness can take over: 'one though the watchful eye of a kind neighbour year's seeding, seven year's weeding.' Though, is essential in the case of breakdowns. Harry's luckily for Camelliaphiles, small plants become advice was "go for the simplest as there are sturdy trees, I shall never forget the forests in fewer things to go wrong!" Once the installation Japan and the wonderful old Camellia in a has been paid for - a small garden would Temple garden in Kyoto - reputed to be cost about Aus. $ 2,000 (£1,150) - the 1,000 years old, and useful too ... but that is maintenance is not costly, but like all things another story! See you in Sacramento. mechanical, it has to be serviced. Eyes opened, I found that many gardening friends in the Australian countryside and city Le jardinage de denlain had overcome their watering problems in several ingenious ways. Returning home, Tellement occupes par les taches quotid­ imbued with the idea of the practical advantages iennes - plantage, serclage, arrosage, semailles of this method which is used extensively in - on a peu de temps ou d'energie ala fin du the islands by commercial growers, in the jour pour reflechir ou pour discuter les activites parks and on the golf courses, I found a young du lendemain. Quioque Ie jardinage est une neighbour had had the 'Toro' system operating des plus anciennes occupations il reste fonde in his large garden in the centre of the island sur la main-d'oeuvre, soit specialisee non­ for some time. In this case, the initial cost was qualifie. La menagere serait un peu deyue si £6,000 (or roughly Aus. $ 10,000) three years sa cuisine ne contenait pas une serie d'aides ago. Set against the cost of wages, this sum - congelateur, melangeuse, laveuse et pour would be amortised in a short time. les favorisees une laveuse de vaisselle - mais Those members who know La CoUine Ie jardin est reste Ie Cendrillon du menage Gardens will remember that it is a series of avec peu de nouveaux outils ou ustensils; une intimate gardens on a steep slope and ending faucheuse a moteur et un tuyau d'arrosage in a quarry. There are snags - water pressure, sont les accessoires ordinairement employes. bore-holes, well water, etc. to overcome; the J'avoue quemoi aussi, croyais que c'etait tout

38 a fait normal que je tire un lourd tuyau a dans leur jardin a Wagga Wagga, jardin tres travers de ma pelouse et, jusqu'a il y a quelques bien amenage mais qui doit supporter une annees reste tenant Ie tuyau en arrosant mes temperature tres 6levee. Harry et Dorothy arbustes preteres. sont des voyageurs et explorateurs acharnes En octobre 1981 je voyageais dans l'est de mais leur jardin comprenant une collection l'Australie avec un groupe multi-nationale de tres interessante d'arbres, d'arbustes et, bien membres de la International Dendrological sur, de camelias qu'ils utilisent largement dans Society, De Brisbane a La Tasmanie nous Ie dessin de leur jardin, reste une oasis avons vu de magnifiques paysages, de forets verdoyante. Necessairement, Ie voisin doit et d'arbres indigenes, montagnes et fleurs gentiment jeter un coup d'oeil de temps en sauvages, cascades et lacs. Malgre de longues temps pour assurer Ie bonne marche de la periodes de secheresse et grace a des methodes machine. d'irrigation modernes, beaucoup de pares et Harry m'a conseille de chercher la machine jardins etaient verdoyants. Sydney fut heureux la plus simple etant celie qu'apportera Ie moins d'avoir eu une averse au moment de notre d'ennuis. Le prix d'achat paye (pour un petit arrivee. L'hospitalite traditionelle des Australiens jardin ce serait vers SAus. 2000 vers £ stg fut manifestee bien au delade ce que nous 1150) les depenses courantes ne sont pas lourdes attendions - la International Camellia Society mais commes toutes choses mechaniques il y etait a la tete avec une 'barbecue' epatente. faut que la machine soit bien entretenue. Je pourrais devoue mon article en louange de Ainsi inspiree j'ai note que les amis-jardiniers nos hotes. J'eus l'avantage de faire Ie voyage dans Ie paysage Australien comme dans les de retour a Sydney comme invitee de la I.C.S. villesavient maitrise leur probleme d'arrosage visitant plusieurs magnifiques et interessants par differentes methodes ingenieuses. De Retour jardins. A Eryldene, que j'avais deja visite en chez moi, et conscieuse des avantages que 1961 quand mon guide fut Ie feu Professeur l'arrosage automatique apportait deja a Waterhouse, tout est tres bien entretenu, 1'horticulture dans rile de Jersey, aussi aux egalement au Captain Cook Memorial Garden pares et terrains de sport, j'ai appris qu'un avec sa collection de Camelias transferee de jeune amiavait installe depuis assez longtemps Campden Park et avec divers parterres pour Ie systeme "Taro" dans son jardin dans Ie les differentes especes. De ces visites je retiens centre de rile. Il y a deja trois ans Ie cout fut£ de memorables et delicieux souvenirs des divers stg 6000 (ou vers S Aus. 10,000); mais si plaisirs, les amities et la joie du renouvellement comparaison faite avec Ie taux de salaires, des connaissances et Ie devouement des cette somme serait amortisee assex rapidement membres. Le vie est vraiment belle ... Les membres qui ont visite "La Colline On peut toujours apprendre, surtout si Ie Gardens" a Jersey se rappeleront que c'est mentor est notre President, Tom Savidge, dont une serie de jardins intimes en pente assez sa contribution erudite a I'histoire et la rapide terminant en une carriere. Des problemes nomenclature du Camelia sont connues uni­ se presentent: la pression de 1'eau de la ville, versellement. Je suis descendue chez Tom et la possibilite de forages ou de puits. Les arbres, Olive a leur charmante maison et jardin avec arbustes et fleurs ne sont pas divises en vue sur Ie barrage Hume. La on m'a demontre categories et de ce fait chaque demande un les divers emplois et possibilites de 1'arrosage arrosage distinctif. Mon jardin deviendrait-il automatique. Quoique Ie controle du systeme comme une pieuvreavec des tuyaux en toutes parait intimidant j'ai compris comment que directions? Des robots comme Ie "Traveller" Tom et Olive et d'autres pouvaient garder en qui se promenent sur les pelouses et dans les tres bonne condition leurs collections de plantes parterres servent bien pour les surfaces lisses de grande valeurs tout en se permettant de mais ne sont pas convenables pour moi. Je partir soit en voyage d'affaires, soit pour la serais reconnaissante de recevour les avis de ICS en qualite de juges ou conseillers avec nos membres et de connaitre les experiences une absence de plusieurs semaines ou meme qu'ils auraient peut-tre deja fait. Je sais que plusieurs mois. Bien sur, une machine ne peut c'est les Etats-Unis qui ont ete les pionniers remplacer parfaitement l' effieacite de l'oeil ni dans cette matiere et c'est done avec grand de la main; mais elle peut resoudre beaucoup plaisir que j'envisage ma visite a plusieurs de problemes. jardins dans ce pays 1'annee prochaine. . rai ete convertie a l'emploi de la machine Heureusement, les camelias preteres Hersey d'arrosage quand j'ai visite Harry et Dorothy supportenttres bien les relativement mauvaises Fraser et j'ai pu voir leur machine installee periodes de notre climat. Sans aimer la

39 secheresse ils survivent. Apres un mauvais Le jardinage est un des plus ephemere des hiver ils ont bien fleuri mais malheureusemerit occupations artistiques - ce qui fait partie de il y a eu des pertes en Grande Bretagne. La son.charme vu que l'etat sauvage rapidement Societe s'occupent maintenant de la question envelopperait un jardin; une annee en graine, de produire des especes pour mieux supported sept ans de serclage. Mais, heureusement pour Ie froid. Le camelia avec parfum est deja les cameliaphiles, des petites plantes peuvent integre dans nos collections et bientot nous devenir des arbres robustes. Je n'oublierai aurons aussi Ie jaune Camelia Chrysanthd pour jamais les forets au Japan et les magnifiques etendre notre champs d'interet. Plusieurs de camelias dans Ie jardin d'un temple a Kyoto nos membres ages trouvent de la difficulte a dont un, on dit, a existe pour plus de mille maintenir leur jardins en bonne ordre ce qui ans. Mais cela se presente comme encore une est une autre raison pour laquelle vos idees autre histoire ... pour la diminution du travail seront de grande On se verra a Sacramento! valeur pour beaucoup de nous. . Camellias at Broadleas, Devizes, England LADY ANNECOWDRAY Broadleas, Devizes, Wiltshire, England I will start by saying that until this witner I beginning to shoot, while 'Berenice Boddy', had the greatest admiration for Camellias as 'Lady Clare', 'Mary Christian', 'Leonard Messel', they were one of the few plants that never 'Incamata', are alive but still show no signs of appeared to suffer from the drought of 1977 shooting. or the bad winter that followed, or from excess Of older plants:- 'Mary Christian' defoliated, of rain, or in fact from any of the extremes of no flowers, no shoots to date; 'Arejishi' ~ one our climate. plant had a couple of unhappy looking flowers Now, in May 1982, I have hardly one and they are starting to shoot; 'E. G. Water­ Camellia that has retained more than half its house' (one of my favourites) looks terrible leaves or had any flowers above 2 ft. from the with practically no leaves left and may not ground,and those were pathetic. recover. 'Jupiter', 'Alba Simplex'and 'Adolphe This winter started on the 11 th December Audusson' will recover; 'Cornish Snow' is dead and we had snow and hard frosts interspersed down to the 3 branches just above the ground; with sudden thaws until after Christmas. Then 'Donation' - the top half looks poor but the from January 8th to 16th we had about 2-3 lower part had the only camellia flowers worth ft. of snow with temperatures ranging from mentioning in the whole garden and it is shooting 25~31°F and in my normally sheltered Dell all over. it was disastrous. Young plants, planted out I have other plants that are unnamed but 5/6 years ago, of 'Contessa Lavinia Maggi', they are all in much the same condition. It is a 'Doncklarii', 'Citation', 'Frosty Mom', 'Margaret depressing picture but luckily I believe only a Waterhouse', 'Nagasaki', 'Francis Hanger' and few other gardens suffered to the same extent 'Frau Minna Seidal', are dead, but in the same so, hopefully, there will be Camellias worth area 'Inspiration' and 'Felice Harris' are just seeing in other parts of the country next year.

Leonardslee Garden in Sussex, England was more fortunate as SIR GILES LODER comments: "I cannot report on damage due to last broken by weight of snow, the Camellias were winters' effect on the Camellias (outdoors) at unharmed. Leonardslee as we were slightly milder than Incidently, as elsewhere in the Country, some areas (- lOOC) and they all survived even in the hardest hit areas, the Asiatic and flowered well this last April. Magnolias flowered well. Some of the large leafed Rhododendrons I enclose the report from Wisley - only and some of the Rhododendron Cinnabarinum thirty miles to the North West of us, on how family were killed but beyond a few branches their well established hybrids fared."

40 Camellia X Williamsii Trial, 1982 at Wisley L'essai Camelia X Williamsii, 1982, 11 Wisley (Angleterre) Prueba Camelia X Williamsii, 1982, a Wisley, (Inglaterra) Esperimento Camelia X Williamsii, 1982, a Wisley (Inghilterra) 1. 'Francis Hanger' - Poor condition, some fairly poor. small branches removed. 42. 'Lady Gowrie' - Branches trimmed, bark 2. 'Parkside' Poor condition, top re­ poor, ? dying. moved, 43. 'E. G. Waterhouse' - Branches trimmed, 3. 'Parkside' Some branches slightly bark poor. trimmed. 44. 'Bartley Pink' - Branches trimmed, bark 4. 'J. C. Williams' - Top removed, some poor. branches trimmed. 45. 'Bartley Pink' - Branches trimmed. 5. '1. C. Williams' - Some branches trimmed. 47. 'Donation' - Some branches dying. 6. 'J. C. Williams' - Upper and lower 48. 'White Coppelia' - Bark poor, some branches trimmed. branches dying. 7. 'Maud Messel' - Branches trimmed. 49. 'Charles Michael' - Bark poor, fair 8. 'Sayonara' - Branches trimmed. condition. 10. 'Lady Gowrie' - Branches trimmed. 50. 'Burwell's Perfection' - Foliage fairly 11. 'Clarrie Fawcett' - Branches trimmed. poor. 12. 'Hiraethlyn' - Branches trimmed, foliage 53. 'Roza Harrison' - Top removed. poor. 54. 'Burwell's Primus' Poor, some 13. 'CarolynWilliams' - Branches trimmed. branches dying. 14. 'Mary Christian' - Branches trimmed. 56. 'Brigadoon' - Some branches trimmed. 16. 'Mary Christian' - Branches trimmed. 57. 'Felice Harris' - Medium condition. 17. 'Coppelia' - Branches trimmed. 59. 'Golden Spangles' - Fairly good. 18. 'John Pickthom' - Some branchestrimmed, 60. 'Cherub' - Some branches removed. foliage poor, some branches dying. 61. 'Mary Jobson' - Bark poor on branches. 19. 'Pink Wave' - Branches trimmed. 63. 'Exbury' - Much of crown removed. 20. 'Farfalla' - Branches trimmed. 64. 'Bow Bells' - Bark and foliage fairly 21. 'Phillipa Forwood' - Branches trimmed, poor. foliage poor. 66. 'St. Ewe' - Some branches trimmed. 22. 'Mary Larcom' - Branches trimmed. 67. 'Leonard Messel' - Branches trimmed. 23. 'Beatrice Michael' - Majority of tree 68. 'Inspiration' - Branches trimmed, bark dead, reduced to 2 ft. in height. fairly poor. 24. 'Bowan Bryant' - Branches trimmed. 69. 'Debbie' - Branches trimmed, foliage 25. 'C. F. Coates' - Top removed. poor. 26. 'Citation' - Branches trimmed. 70. 'Sea Foam' - Fairly good. 27. 'Brian' - Branches trimmed, foliage 71. 'Bernadine' - Dead. slightly poor. 72. 'Cornish Spring' - Top removed. 28. 'Crinkles' - Branches heavily cut back, 73. 'E. T. R. Carylon' - Branches trimmed. foliage poor, ? dying. 74. 'China Clay' - Dead. 29. 'St. Michael' - Many branches trimmed. 75. 'Tristrem Carlyon' - Dead. 30. 'Elsie Jury' - Branches trimmed. Heavy snow occurred during the period 8 31. 'Elegant Beauty' - Branches trimmed, - 14 December, 1981. December 13 brought foliage and bark fairly poor. gale force 8 winds and the snow lay on the 32. 'Mildred Veitch' - Branches trimmed. ground for seven days, and the maximum 33. 'Exaltation' - Branches trimmed, poor. depth of snow was 15 cm. on level ground 34. 'Anticipation' - Fairly good. with drifts of about 1 metre.. 35. 'Glenn's Orbit' - Top and branches re­ Lowest Winter Temperature: moved, foliage fairly poor. Grass minimum - 17.4° January 14 36. 'Shocking Pink' - Top removed and Screen - 15.1 January 14 branches trimmed. ° These temperature are the lowest ever 37. 'Lady's Maid' - Branches trimmed, foliage recorded at Wisley.

41 "Those were the days" "Le bon vieux temps" Los dias dichosos del atafiazo I giorni felici del passato BERNICE GUNN California on the Jersey (March '81) Congress

I'm a "Joey". Well, not really, but when pointed to the door and let us off. He had no Eric Craig says, "Come fly with us", I'm ready other choice, we were a threat to his sanity to climb into that cozy downunder and take and the lives of the other passengers! After a off. long walk we found our shops - were My travelling buddies, the Goertzes, and disappointed and walked back and did our myself boarded a plane in Los Angeles, March shopping within a few blocks of the hotel. 11 on our way to meet the Australians in As you sit in your posh hotel in Lisbon and Madrid and travel with them on the way to look out over the city, you wonder why you the I.C.S. Conference in Jersey. see so many crumbling old apartment buildings. Our arrival in Madrid was earlier than the I did find out that generations can occupy the Australians, so we were settled and waiting same apartment passing it from father to son to greet them at the hotel, as they wearily and the rent can never be raised. That is what disembarked from the Airport bus. is called "rent control". Our stay in Spain was a delightful experience. We had long pleasant days on our way to We toured the Prado Museum with its priceless Jersey. From Lisbon we stopped in Oporto, treasures, viewed the Royal Palace and "believe Vigo (Spain), Santiago, San Sebastian on into it-or-not" enjoyed a hamburger at McDonalds Francevisiting Bordeaux, Nantes and St. Brieuc. Restaurant nestled amid the splendour and St. Brieuc was our last stop before Jersey. It glory of Madrid. was very frustrating to sit in the hotel lobby Travelling a short way out of Madrid we waiting for the fog to lift so we could be on passed through a bush valley guarded by ancient our way to our final destination. monolithic shafts known as the Juanelos on Eventually we were able to board our small our way to the Valle de los Cardos - Valley planes to fly over the Channel to Jersey, of the Fallen. The Grandiose tomb, hollowed Mrs. Violet Lort-Phillips is to be compli­ out of a mountain of solid granite, a magnificent mented for the tremendous job she did in sepulchre for many who died in the bloody planning the conference. Our stay. with the Spanish civil war, and the dictator General hospitable people of Jersey was an experience Franco. never to be forgotten. Lovely private gardens Leaving Madrid on our way to Lisbon, we were opened for our viewing. The lectures travelled through picturesque green valleys were interesting, informative and very well and many miles of gnarled olive trees. Once prepared. I wouldn't think twice about accepting in a while the scenery was broken up by a an invitation for another visit. It was worth a stand of almonds or a cluster of cherry trees re-run. in bloom. The morning after the conference banquet Ah! Lisbon what a city. Narrow, steep we all went our separate ways. My choice was cobblestone streets, quaint shops and friendly on to Guernsey and Sark. We were accorded natives. I will admit three of us happy travellers the same wonderful hospitality on both islands. almost created an "International Incident". I will say when we arrived in Sark I thought We had a map marked for us noting a good the pilot of our boat had pulled a "Wrong way shopping area, but how to get there? We gaily Carrigan" and we were in Antarctica. The boarded a street car and not knowing· the island was quaint and had no cars. We were fare, we held out our hands full of coins and driven into town on carts pulled by tractors at the same time obscured the drivers view then transferred to horse-drawn buggies for a with our marked map showing him our bit of sight seeing. The group in my buggy destination. Poor fellow was almost in hysterics were almost dumped onto the road by a very as he went about three blocks stopped and belligerent horse that didn't know it was the 42 beginning of the tourist season. We transferred the wonderful Camellia hobbyists from many to another cart, and were able to continue corners of the earth. our journey around the island. My most They were fantastic! enjoyable part of the trip was meeting all of Sidelights on the 1981 Congress Des coups d'oeil sur Ie Congres, 1981 Vistazos sobre el Congreso de 1981 Occhiate oblique suI Congresso de 1981 BARBARA DE VEULLE Gorey, Jersey, C.I. I have been asked to write a few notes from and cold winter, the Jersey camellias, though Jersey on some of the aspects of our Congress late in flowering. .. April, when many last here last year. The full report on the Jersey year were out in February ... are giving us a and Guernsey visits have been reported in feast of colour as never before ... 'A quelque our 1981 Journal. chose malheur est bon'. Prior to the Congress I was able to stimulate In the Channel Islands we are hoping in the local interest by. a talk on 'Old Camellias in future to be able to name, or at least give an Jersey' given to the members 0'£ our island indication of their possible ancestry, some of history society. I showed colour transparencies the early camellias which have flourished here of camellia shrubs in various local gardens during the past 200 years or more. Owing to which I had previously visited. I had seen 72 our geographical position, and our proximity different gardens, all of which revealed great to France, many of our old varieties were interest by the owners in their camellias and probably imported from the Continent. The camellia growing; and these visits had provided flowers on these old trees vary, both in colour me also with about 100 live flowers with which and species on the same tree; the leaves seem to illustrate my talk, given in February 1981. . to provide the more reliable basis for naming. So this 'publicity' provoked comment and Since the Congress we have had a great many questions which were ably dealt with by our enquiries on this difficult subject, and of course Vice-President. Thus local interest in camellias we receive the perpetual query about seed was already aroused before the Congress, and formation, germination, cuttings and grafts. further strengthened by the eight interesting At some future date, we are hoping to stage scientific papers which were given at the a Camellia Exhibition in Jersey at one of the Congress. big stores, with I.C.S. members on hand to Several new young members have joined answer questions. the I.C.S.locally, also the Island Flower Clubs, Weare looking forward to going to California through their participation in the beautiful in 1983. arrangements for the Congress, have become Some extracts from the many appreciative more aware of the charm of camellias; as are letters received by Mrs. Lort-Phillips: the Women's Institute, at whose weekly market 'An appreciation of the Banquet, and that camellias are on sale. all Mrs Lort-Phillips had done in the Island This year an exhibition of 'Ikebana' was for the I.C.S.' held at the Museum in St. Relier, in which great use was made of lovely camellia blooms, 'So many nice people, so many lovely both the large flowers, and others in dainty gardens ... La Colline garden was superb.' clusters. 'So beautifully organised'. . Again, further interest in Jersey camellias 'Most enjoyable and interesting.' has been stimulated by a 'Camellia Viewing' afternoon, held at La Colline, Gorey, where From Australia ... Mrs. Lort-Phillips took local members and 'The sessions papers most interesting, and many others, round her garden and greenhouse it must be a source of satisfaction that so to view her collection. much pleasure and information resulted'. Particularly this year, after our long wet From New Zealand ...

43 'Most enjoyapleand interesting, the writer everything progressed'. will be able to give a glowing account to 'Time keeping was exemplary'. the Director on her return'. Finally . .. 'Many facets of the week gave me . 'The happiest memories of the Channel . something to think about'. Isles, the friendly people and lovely From U.S.A...'. gardens, and the feelings of wonderfully 'You and your Committee did a wonderful shared interest and enthusiasm.' piece of. organisation, how smoothly Tissue culture - an Australian up-date

Culture au tissu - dernit~res nouvelles de l'Australie Cultivo pormedio de tejidos botanicos novedades australianas Coltivazione per mezzo di fibre tessile : Novita australiane JOHN ALPEN Newport Beach, N.S. W., Australia

Mention of plant tissue culture - "test tube Culture Pot Pourri" inJournal No 11 of October propagation" ~ continues to catch the,imagin­ 1979 (pp 7-13). This "omnibus" Pot Pourri ation ofpeople interested in plants and gardens. also included: And rightly so, because this is the technique • Dr. Onis Hyatt's paper presented at the which is revolutionising production of many I.C.S. Congress at Perry, U.S.A., in kinds of plants right around the world, November 1978, titled "Vegetative Propag­ particularly with some of the "hard to propa­ ation of the Future". gate" genera. The purpose of this article is to • "Cloning a Cutting", being the transcript report on the "state of the art" here in Australia of an Australian television segment which in 1982 and to convey some understanding of featured Microflora, the Sydney tissue the diversity and depth of the work currently culture production laboratory conducted being undertaken in both the academic and by Marjorie Katay,a microbiologist of the commercial spheres. standing. The scientists and technicians refer to tissue • observations at Sydney University'S Depart­ culture as in vitro, i.e. in a solution or jell in ment of Agronomy and Horticulture (Pro­ glass. Mr. F. A. Hammerschleg in the Yearbook fessor Michael Mullins). of the American Camellia Society, 1981, (pp None of the contributors was overly sanguine 135-137) refers to it as "Micropropagation" about an early breakthrough with camellias. and goes on to define it as "rapid multiplication Since 1979 great progress has been made in of plants in vitro through initiation of advent­ the propagation in vitro of many kinds of itious buds, bulbs, corms, tubers, embryoids, herbacious and soft tissued plants in astro­ or by enhancement of axillary shoot formation". nomical numbers. But the woody plants, which For those readers who wish to be better would include camellias, have not lent informed on the techniques of placing a tiny themselves so readily to the test tube magic. piece of vegetative material into a controlled In the 1981 A. C.S. Yearbook Mr. Hammerschleg environment where it will proliferate rapidly (mentioned above) gives a cautious prediction: into a whole host of plantlets identical to that "Within five years camellias as well as many from which the material was taken, and who other woody species will probably be propagated wish to gain some knowledge of the chemical commercially through tissue culture. Many of components of a growing medium I commend the in vitro propagation procedures have been the article by Dr. Gildas Beauchesne and Dr. established and it is just a matter of applying Jean Creze in 1. C.s. Journal No. 12 of 1980 them to achieve more extensive usage with (pp 31-34). These two collaborators in diverse crops". Let us now look at this diversity research have been among the most persistent in the current Australia scene. in seeking practical application of tissue culture SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT to camellia production. Their first contributions OF AGRONOMY AND HORTICULTURE in 1. C. S. Journals were included in the "Tissue Reseafch has gone on apace on a wide

44 front at the Department. This is reflected in frequent usage). introductory extracts from its Annual Report AUSTRALIA'S FIRST NATIONAL PLANT . of October, 1981, which has been made TISSUE CULTURE CONFERENCE availableto us by courtesy of Professor Mullins. The International Association for Plant Field Performance of Cabernet Sauvignon Tissue Culture conducted its first Australian Grapes Produced from Somatic Embryos conference at Canberra (Botany Department In Vitro. (M.G. Mullins and P.R. Hedberg) at the Australian National University) in May Plants grown from somatic embryos from 1981. It was well attended and very successful. the nucellar callus of unfertilized ovules Perusal of some of the subjects listed on the were established in the field ... Observations agenda indicates the wealth of information on· the growth and cropping of somatic which the participants would have taken back Cabernet Sauvignon are to be continued to their laboratories. for several years. The plenary lecture was delivered by W. Introduction of Adventitious Rooting In R. Scowcroft (Commonwealth Scientific and Vitro in Difficult-to-Propagate Cultivars of Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra) Apple. (S. Sriskandarajah & M.G. Mullins) and was titled "Somaclonal variation: plant Shoots produced by isolated buds of the improvement by cell culture." The abstract normally difficult-to-root cultivars, Granny for this lecture should be of interest to those Smith, Jonathan and Delicious have been camellia researchers who, like David Trehane induced to form adventitious roots in vitro. (I.C.S. Director, of Cornwall, England), believe Regeneration IN Vitro of the D'Ente (syn. that tissue culture offers great opportunity for D'Agen) Prune. (c. Baleriola-Lucas and M.G. improvement in camellia plants, e.g. elimination Mullins). Work has started on a new project of virus and improvement of plant constitution. concerned with the regulation of adventitious The abstract: .rooting in vitro in D'Ente prune. This "Recent evidence indicates that somaclona research is being supported by the Dried variation - variation displayed among plants Fruits Committee. which have gone through a tissue culture Comparisons Between Non-Rooting Initial cycle - is widespread among species and Cultures and Roodng Long Term Cultures. affects a diverse range of characters. (S.Sriskandarajah and M.G. Mullins). Detailed analysis of somaclonal variation in Prolonged· cultivation of bud cultures of sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco and Pelar­ Jonathan apple in vitro leads to an increased goniums and less substantial evidence in capacity to form roots. rice, maize, barley, carrots, Chrysanthemum, Australian readers will be gratified to learn carnation, pineapple, and garlic indicate that the Department's research extends to that this source of genetic variability is of . Australian native flora. Three well loved genera considerable value to plant improvement. which are mentioned in the report are A tissue culture cycle also appears to enhance Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos sp. and Macro­ the rate of genetic exchange in F1 hybrids pidiafuliginosa); Christmas Bells (Blandfordia between different species. spp.) and Waratah (Telopea speciosissima). I The cause of this variation is yet to be shall confine myself to an extract on the last resolved. Possibilities include karyotype named. changes, and cryptic chromosomal rearrange­ "Various forms of T. speciosissima have ments, transposable elements, somatic gene been and are being collected from their rearrangements, gene amplification and natural habitat and will be selected for depletion and somatic recombination". desirable traits. Tissue culture is being Quotations from the abstracts of three of developed as a means of rapid multiplication the papers delivered at Canberra will be of of desirable genotypes. Rapid shoot multi­ interest to those members who look forward plication has been achieved on Murashige to a break-through with camellias. and Skoog medium supplemented with In Vitro Plantlet Formadon from Citrus Species benzyladenine (5 or 10 uM). Experiments and Hybrids. (M. Barlass and K.G.M.Skene) are currently under way to establish optimal Culture conditions are described for the media and conditions for root formation ..." initiation of adventitious shoots of Citrus (M.G. Mullins, P. Nixon and LA. Stewart) varieties: Carrizo citrange, Trifoliate orange, (Editor's note: Toshio Murashige and F. Rangpur lime, Cleopatra mandarin and Skoog were early researchers in tissue culture Symon's sweet orange. Depending on the and a growing medium they developed has choice of explant, shoots can be produced

45 from both manure and seedling material in has expanded and now includes; Anthurium some varieties. In addition, multiple axillary andreanum, Dieffenbachia, Draceana, Gerbc shoot formation can be stimulated from eras, Scindapsis aureus, Spathyphyllum, mature and juvenile nodes. An in vitro Syngonium, Nephorolepsis,. Polypodium rooting medium has been developed for aureum, Staghorn, Elkhorn and Drossera. They citrange and is being tested on shoots from see great potential in the carniverous types of other varieties. Attempts to transplant the indoor plants, while Luculia, Eucalypts and plantlets to glasshouse conditions are the Robin Gordon Grevillea are "on stream". underway. These ladies are very generous in their Vegetative Propagation of Eriostemon willingness to widen the general community Australasius Pers. In Vitro. (lA. Plummer). awareness on tissue culture· and all that it Adventitious buds were induced by 5 X 105 offers and promises to plants-people. It is they M N6 Benzylamino purine (BAP) on the who told me of the International Congress of leaves, stems and callus of Eriostemon Plant Tissue and Cell Culture to be held in australasius Pers. under certain in vitro Tokyo, Japan, in July; 1982, and which they conditions. This system is suitable for rapid will be attending. Who knows?, it may be that vegetative propagation as it produced 50 in Japan, from whence the modern camellia buds from single nodal segments in 6 sprang, some more positive word may emerge weeks. as to the application of tissue culture to camellia Micropropagation of Pinus Radiata. (D.R. production. Smith). Micropropagation is currently being con­ sidered for vegetative propagation of juvenile THE BURBANK TISSUE CULTURE clones of Pinus radiata, New Zealand's main LABORATORY AND REAEARCH exotic forest species. CENTRE At present a multiplication of 250 fold In February 1982 a m.ost significant addition (range of 50 to 1100) is possible. This degree to the tissue culture facilities available in of multiplication should be sufficient to Australia was completed and officially launched expand the amount of planting stock available - the Burbank Laboratory and Research from controlled crosses where the progeny Centre. The Burbank Nurseries of Mr George have demonstrably superior performance. Taylor have long been among our most highly cotyledons of seed germinated in aseptic respected sources of quality plants, especially conditions. Shoot outgrowth and elongation azaleas. As well as its large general production is on Shenk and Hildebrandt medium without of azaleas, Burbank has achieved a worldwide hormones, with a final pre-rooting stage on reputation for the notable azalea cultivarsit Gresshoff and Doy medium. has bred and introduced. Silver Anniversary Root formation takes place in a high was but one of a whole group of new offerings humidity non-sterile environment. Following which originated there and which have been rooting and hardening-off plantlets may be deservedly styled the New Wonder Breed of lined out directly in the nursery bed or can Azaleas. be pinched-out in peat pots. The tissue culture centre is a modern and comprehensive complex under the direction of eminent authority, Dr. Ronald de Fossard, MICROFLORA LABORATORIES, B.Sc. (Hons). Edinburgh, M.Sc., Ph.D. (New CHATSWOOD, N.S.W. England). The centre offers contract research, This laboratory continues to gain stature as contract growing, consultantancy, and training a supplier of plantlets in large quantity to the programmes. The latter are of particular nursery and gardening trade. Marjorie Katay, interest, embracing residential workshops and M.A.S.M. and her chief research and develop­ seminars as well as longer traineeships. With ment assistant Kristina Johnson, M.Sc., such resources available it is only logical that A.R.A.C.I., by constant application of micro­ research and production of softer tissued genera biologist skills and practical know-how in tissue will quickly extend to Burbank's specialities, culture are producing an ever-widening range azaleas, which in tum could well lead to tangible of plantlets at Microflora. They are suppliers results with camellias. of AfricanViolet plants by the hundreds of It is my hope to be able to keep I. c.s. thousands and minimum orders for most items Journal readers informed of developments as in their catalogue are 10,000. The catalogue they emerge.

46 Tregrehan

T. J. S;l.VIGE Wirling, I, NSW

A highlight of the stop-over in England, temperature not only improved seedling growth, following the I.C.S. Convention in Jersey, was but gave a more suitable temperature for pollen the invitation to visit 'Tregrehan', Cornwall, take and seed initiation, always a problem in the seat and estate of the Carlyons, with the England with its low winter and early spring added pleasure of meeting the foremost and temperatures. most active camellia hybridist in Great Britain, An early success in getting C. X 'Salutation' in Miss Gillian Carlyon. pollen to take on C. japonlca 'Rosea Simplex', The main form of the gardens and most of which produced a lone seed, resulted in the the great old trees, which are a feature of the hybrid'Tristrem Carlyon'. This is a rose-madder woodland section, were due to Edward Carlyon, coloured, open, paeony form camellia and its early last century. His fourth son, George vigorous erect growth shows the influence of Gwavas Carlyon, born 1824, saw the opportun­ its part reticulata ancestry. It received an Award ities of New Zealand after the Maori wars, ran of Merit, RH.S., 1977. off with the daughter of a game-keeper from 'Rosea Simplex', crossed with the species the estate and migrated to New Zealand. He C. cuspidata, produced the beautiful miniature acquired a considerable acreage of land, mostly hybrid 'Cornish Spring', the massed, small pink, native bush, and built "Gwavas" in Hawkes single flowers on an open, upright plant making Bay. During the succeeding generations there a charming show. was considerable interchange of seeds and An open pollenated seedling from C. X plants between "Gwavas" and "Tregrehan". 'Salutation' produced a fine hybrid with semi­ Finally, when George's great grandson, Miss double, pale pink flowers borne on a bush of Gillian's father, returned in 1935 to inherit open, upright growth and strap-like leaves. "Tregrehan", he brought many additional plants This was named 'Nijinski'. with him. The family continued in the gardening An unusual result of crossing'J. C. Williams' tradition on their return to "Tregrehan" while X 'Adolphe Audusson' produced the white Miss Gillian's cousin, Michael Hudson and hybrid semi-double 'E. T. R Carlyon' and the family, who now live at "Gwavas", are keen cross of C. 'J. C. Williams' X 'Marjorie conservationists and have re-introduced native Magnificent' produced the medium sized, white, plants and animals in their area. semi-double 'China Clay', named in 1972, and Due to the loss of her father during the last which received an Award of Merit from the war, and the death of her brother Tristrem at RH.S. in 1976. the age of 28, most of the task of running the Because of dou bts expressed by other estate devolved upon Miss Gillian. Shortly hybridists, that a plain white flower could be after the war she became more interested in produced from two coloured parents, another the great garden of "Tregrehan" with its many white seedling, No.3 from the same seedpod large old camellia trees. Because of the family's which produced 'China Clay', was triumphantly extensive interest in gardens, going back over named 'Proof. However, what these crosses many generations, there was a magnificent have established, is that the parent cultivars library of horticultural and botanical books to all carried recessive genes for white and thus draw on, and also the various species and a proportion of progeny would always carry cultivars planted in the garden had been the double recessive combination, which would recorded and listed. produce white flowers. It also makes it fairly Assisted by this materiaL Miss Carlyon began certain that the parent C. saluenensis already hybridising experiments, mostly with camellias. had some C. japonica in its make-up. As she reports: "my impatience to get results The cross with most successful results was led to the use of lights, so that the seedlings C. saluenensis X C. japonica 'Marjorie had minimum sleep and maximum fertiliser Magnificent', which resulted in three hybrids; to keep them growing, until the first one 'Tregrehan' a semi-double to paeony form, flowered after oilly four years instead of the apricot pink, 'Marjorie Waldegrave' a medium usual eight". By the use of light bulbs and sized, dog rose pink, semi-double were also polythene bags the increase in the ambient named in 1972 and later followed by

47 'Lampedusa' a large, soft pink, semi-double and 'Rose Quartz', a semi-double to open with apricot tones. paeony, of a warmer pink are two recently Another successful cross was C. saluenensis named C. X williamsii, while'Admiral Spry', X C. japonica 'Adolphe Audusson' which a white single with an odd pink pencil stripe, produced'R. M. Coode' a medium sized, semi­ probably will eventually sport a full pink. double, pink, late flowering; and 'Edward Besides these hybrids, three fine C. japonica Carlyon' somewhat like a weeping 'Donation', cultivars also come from the Carlyon "stable". a double rose pink. These were released in The first of these a seedling of'Aaron's Ruby', 1974. Another cross C. japonica 'Juno' X C. was named for a neighbourhood friend, williamsii' 'Donation' produced 'William 'Daphne du Maurier'. This cultivar can vary Carlyon' a hot pink, single, which makes a from semi-double to anemone and is the same good garden plant with its weeping, mass metallic red as its parent. Then there is 'Virginia flowering habit. ­ Carlyon', a velvety, crimson lake, semi-double 'Gwavas' a late blooming, dusty pink, medium with vigorous bushy growth, said to be a show semi-double from the cross C. X 'J. C. Williams stopper, while the third is 'Elizabeth Hawkins' X C. japonica 'The Mikado' was named in which has a small, bright red, anemone form 1972. The same year also saw the release of flower. 'Jenefer Carlyon' a large, silvery pink semi­ The result of all this work was evident in double resulting from the cross C. saluenensis mass plantings of these many cultivars, as well X C. japonica 'CO M. Wilson'. as other C. X williamsii' hybrids such as Two seedlings of C. heterophylla 'Barbara 'Donation', 'Glens Orbit' and some of the Jury Hillier' were obtained in 'Belinda Carlyon', a hybrids from New Zealand. Most of these compact single of post office red and 'Rosemary plants were in full bloom during the visit and Sawle' a warm pink single of bushy growth. made a truly magnificent display. A more recent cross of C. saluenensis X C. Finally, there was a new C. X williamsii japonica 'Tomorrow', produced a lavender hybrid, another form of C. saluenensis X pink seedling which was named 'Yesterday'. 'Adolphe A~dusson', a hose-in-hose semi­ 'Princess Chula', a large, soft pink semi-double double of soft silvery blush pink named

Like to grow the newest Camellias? Australia's specialist Import-Export Nursery grows more than 450 varieties of the most popular Overseas and Australian introductions.

RETAIL ­ WHOLESALE CAMELLIA LODGE * Camellias and Azaleas Exclusively! * Over 30 Years' Write for our Catalogue and Growing Experience Growing Guide 348-350 PRINCES HIGHWAY, NOBLE PARK, VICTORIA 3174

48 'Duchess 6f Cornwall', and Miss Gillian has indomitable courage, she persevered and has offered a plant as a wedding gift to the Royal regained sufficient mobility to operate a battery couple, as Lady Diana assumed this title on her powered vehicle that enables her to travel marriage. along her garden paths and into her glasshouses, Unfortunately, this story has to end on a not only to see the beauty she has already sad note, as about three years ago, Miss Gillian created, but to return to her passion of suffered a severe stroke. However, with hybridising camellias.

I.C.S. Exhibits at the R.U.S. Shows~ 1982

Des envois de la Societe Internationale du Camelia, aux ex positions de la Societe Royale Anglaise de I'Horticulture, 1982 Sociedad Internacional de la Camelia, Plantas ex puestas en ex posiciones de la Sociedad Real Inglesa de Horticultura, 1982 Arbusti della Societa Internazionale della Camelia esibiti nell esposizione della Societa Reale Inglesa d'Orticultura, en 1982

JOYCE WYNDHAM (London Organiser)

Following the success of the technical display 'Zao Mudan' ('Early Paeony') in 1964. Hybrids in 1981, of the development of the williamsii developed in the U.S.A. were, amongst others, hybrids from the parents Saluenensis X 'Felice Harris', Sal X Ret. 1960, 'Diamond japonica, it was decided to stage the develop­ Head', lap X Ret. 1961, 'Satan's Robe', Hyb ment of the Reticulata camellias from China, X Ret, 1965, 'Innovation', Hyb X Ret. 1965, dating from 1820 to 1980. The locations of the 'Pink Sparkle', lap X Ret. 1965. 'Mandalay parent plants were the districts of the wild Queen' and 'Tali Queen' seedlings in 1966. reticulata in Tengchong, Kunming, and the 'Royalty'lap X Ret; 1968. 'Forty-niner'lap X port of Canton. Ret., 'Elsie Dryden' lap X Ret. 'Valentine A large map of China was placed on the Day', lap X Ret. and 'Dr. Louis Pollizzi" 1969. headboard backing, and tapes were pinned 'Otto Hopfer', 'Descano Mist', 1970, and on these locations leading to their destinations 'Arbutus Gum', 1971. Seedling reticulatas in England, Australia, New Zealand, and the between 1970-77 shown were 'Arch of United States of America, showing the Triumph', 'K.O. Hester', 'Ming Temple', and approximate dates of their arrival in the various 'Notre Dame'. countries. To New Zealand, Kunming camellias (1948) To England in 1820 came 'Captain Rawes', with their hybrids, 'Phyl Doak', 'Brian' and followed by 'Flore Pleno' ('Pagoda' or 'Robert 'Barbara Clark', (Sal X 'Capt. Rawes'), 1958, Fortune') in 1850, and Reticulata simplex 'Grand Jury' (Sal X Hyb.) 1962, 'Ross Clark', between 1913-25. We were unable to obtain (Sal X 'Buddha'), 1967, 'Wild Silk' and a bloom of 'Robert Fortune', but believe there 'Highlight', 1969. Two seedlings were 'Eden is a plant to be seen at Leonardslee. Displayed Queen' (X Ret. 'Cornelian'), and 'Lisa Gael', were 'Shizibou' (or 'Lionhead'), 'Inamorata', (X Ret. 'Purple Gown'). 1930, 'Inspiration', 1954, 'Leonard Messer, 1958, Unfortunately, many forms were unavailable and hybrids 'Mary Williams', and 'Charlotte of Australian origin, although the Sebire family Galsworthy'. The Wild form Seedling which have many hybrids from seedlings such as was brought by G. Forrest from China in 1932 'Tali Queen', 'Willow Wand', 'Buddha' and was also unobtainable, but a marvellous display 'Cornelian'. Two Camellias shown were of this camellia was shown in the Forrest 'Kalimna', and 'Winter Sun', seedlings of Exhibition of plants at the R.H.S. Show this 'Crimson Robe', 1970, raised by Mr E. H. year. Sebire and Mr Tuckfield. To California in 1945, examples of Kunming Considerable interest was shown in this camellias shown were 'Dayinhong' ('Shot Silk'), project, and much time and thought was given 'Dali Cha' ('Tali Queen'), 'Hoyehtiechih' by some members of the LC.S. Our Chairman, ('Butterfly Wings'). 'Datao Hong' ('Crimson Mrs V. Lort-Phillips made a special effort by Robe'), 'Zipao' ('Purple Gown'), 'Liuyehyinhung' flying over from Jersey the day before the ('Willow Wand') and 'Yinhong Diechi' ('Prof. Show to bring blooms, and to assist with the Tsai'). Two examples of Pitardii 'Yunnanica' preparation of the stand. My thanks to her, in 1950 were 'Buddha' and 'Confucius', with' and to all the helpers .who gave me such

49 expert advice. The general comment was that identical sprays of pink camellias, including it was the finest display of reticulata camellias 'Julia Hamiter, 'Cecile Brunazzi' and 'Hawaii'. put up, and we were very pleased to receive a Interspersed were flowers of 'Ava Maria', and Silver Medal on behalf of the LC.S. pink buds. Camellias japonica were used for these arrangements, as they are more hardy, Second Show and longer lasting without water. By the use of a gentle spray each morning, they were in JOYCE WYNDHAM good condition on the last day. (London Organiser) For the varied table arrangements, there was included a massed circle of Tricolor, the Bearing in mind that the Reticulata Camellias use of a single bloom of 'Royalty' as a Victorian had practically finished blooming, and that I bouquet, surrounded by red ribbon, and two would have to depend mainly on outdoor large centre pieces composed of mixed blooms blooms, it was decided to put up a floral shading from pale pink to deep red. display for the second Show. Two large vases at the back of the stand The theme was a wedding and reception. contained arranged sprays of a single variety The stand was draped in moss-green silk, with in each. One contained 'Golden Spangles', two tiers. In the centre, balanced from the and the other 'Konron-Koku'. The latter caused top tier to the base tier was a bridal bouquet great interest to camellia enthusiasts, and as composed of the double white camellia 'Alba usually happens, was the one camellia on the Plena', surrounded by 'Nobilissima'. In a spray stand singled out by the public for attention. form, this was completed by white buds, and A Silver Medal was given by the R.H.S. to the wired camellia leaves, interlaced with white LC.S.for this display., ribbon bows, and handle~ On each side of this, were placed two

WORLD FAMOUS

NUCCIO'S NURSERIES

GROWERS OF RARE CAMELLIAS AND AZALEAS SINCE 1935

3555 Chaney Trail, Altadena, California 91001 (213) 794 3383

50 A tale of Tali

Un cornIe de Tali ------'---'-.:....::...'-'--Un cuen:o de Tali Un conto di Tali A. E. (PETER) CAMPBELL St. !ves, NelV South Wales

The Chinese peasants embroider their flower is not large but the clear yellow colour fields ­ is magnificent and whilst it is difficult to carry The approach to Kunming in South Western colours in one's mind, we felt that the painting China is very, very spectacular. Our party of by Paul Jones for the new book "The Colour 18, who had a Chinese Airlines Trident all to Dictionary of Camellias" (Stirling Macoboy, ourselves, took off from Rangoon early Lansdowne Press) is very accurate. afternoon and after leaving the rather feature­ The day of our departure for Tali started less plains of Central Burma, flew over "The with a minor difficulty. Tali is in a restricted Hump". Tall, rugged mountains, deep valleys area so we had to obtain special approval for and great rivers. And then within a few minutes our visit. Also China Travel considered the we were over the embroidery. Many shades standard of accommodation unsuitable for the of green, brown paddy fields and brilliant ladies of the party. Furthermore it was a long yellow rape. Kunming is a very attractive city and arduous trip -. In the event six men of on the shores of Lake Dian chi with a fine the party were starters - our group leader, range of mountains - the Western Hills - to Harold Fraser, Phil Goulding, Arnold Teese, the west. Some of our party had been to the two Americans, Tom Perkins and Doug Kunming just two years previously and Mayfield and the writer. Reference to an atlas immediately felt at home. There is a great will show that Tali is west of Kunming on the deal for visitors to do in and around Kunming Burma Road and at the southern end of Lake and as soon as we could we went to their Er Hai. There appear to be three Talis, the famous Botanical Institute. Though most of prefecture, the city and the old town. The old their buildings were being refurbished, we town of Tali has been of some note for a long still received the very hospitable welcome time and was in fact visited by Marco Polo accorded visiting horticulturists. about 1275. Though the road runs east ­ As one would expect their display of C. west, the hill and mountain barriers to Tali reticulata is quite breath taking, We felt that run north - south. the standard of cultivation of their very many After leaving Kunming the hills are rather specimens had greatly improved since we last low and bare but then the road winds its ways saw them - after all, the Chinese being very up steeper mountains, covered with all kinds practical people, do not always attach the of vegetation including vast areas of what we same importance to ornamentals as we do in imagined could be Yunnan pines. But the the West. Many of the specimens were partially shaded by Eucalyptus trees which intrigued the Australians in the party, The varieties grown in the main plantation are those familiar to the West - 'Cornelian', 'Purple Gown', 'Crimson Robe' etc. and best of all 'Chrysan­ themum Petal'. But as on our last visit, the nursery interested us most, particularly a few flowering size plants of C. chrysantha in excellent condition. Very easy to recognise with their large dark quilted leaves so like C. granthamiana. Unfortunately for us, the best blooms had been taken to Japan the morning of our visit, though we did see a half open bud Scenes along the Burma Road on the IVa)' to Tali and two others just starting to open. The

51 valleys lying between the hill and mountain ranges were embroidered, particularly the last valley before Tali - shades of green, brown and yellow and dotted with small villages ­ truly a magnificent sight. The Burma Road, like most other major roads in China, carries a lot of traffic, mostly sturdily built Chinese trucks towing big trailers, their loads being almost everything needed by a predominantly rural community. Around towns and villages there are many bicycles and the occasional commuter bus, but for practical purposes no private cars, the latter usually only seen around Beijing and the bigger cities being diplomatic vehicles. Scenes along the Burma Road on the way to Tali We found Tali city to be a well laid out large town with several wide streets, prosperous Gown', 'Willow Wand', Chrysanthemum Petal' and with a good deal of building in progress. etc. And the baths were also a revelation, a The river connecting Lake Er Hai with the more than adequate supply of beautifully hot Mekong River, which is about 40 miles west water gushing into large "family size" (7 ft as the crow flies, cuts through a corner of the long, 5ft wide and 2 ft 5 ins deep) baths built city. Both Lakes, Dian chi and Er Hai, are at of marble. We suggested that such a superb an altitude of approx. 6000 ft. but to the west installation could only have been built by a of the latter the mountains rise about a further successful war lord for his female entourage 8000 ft., snow capped in the early spring and a and were disappointed to be told that marble glorious backdrop to the Lake. We found the is a rather common local product. Rest house to be spartan but quite adequate After breakfast the following day we set off and the meals very good. After dinner it was for the old town of Tali, about five miles suggested we might try the hot spring baths, north of the city on the western side of the an excellent idea and eagerly assented to after lake. In ancient times it must have been walled our long and exhausting day. After a two mile as we entered through an imposing, tunnel drive and a walk up a dark, steep alleyway we like gateway. The town is well laid out but the arrived at a well lit courtyard which, to our streets are narrow and crowded. And now a astonishment contained a splendid collection further surprise - we were to visit four private of C. reticutata in fine flower. There were gardens, two of which did some nursery work probably about 20 plants, they appeared to be and sold plants. These gardens proved to be about 30 years old, 10-12 ft. in height, well fairly large courtyards attached to the homes grown though sparsely furnished. Between us of the owners. Behind high walls, very private, we identified them all, there were some very secluded and very well maintained. We duplicates, but they were all the popular were received with the greatest hospitality by varieties - 'Cornelian', 'Crimson Robe', 'Purple the owners and their families who seemed as honoured by our visit as we were privileged to visit their homes and gardens. Through our guides they all expressed astonishment at our collective knowledge in identifying almost everything they were growing and their methods of both propagation and cultivation. There was a great assortment of plants in these gardens, mostly Camellias and of these lots of reticulatas with few japanicas. We could identify very few of the C. japanicas we saw anywhere in China - 'Gtome' is widely grown and to a lesser extent'Alba Plena'. Nowhere can the writer recollect seeing any C sasanqua Among the other subjects in these courtyard gardens Approach 10 the courtyard gardens in Tali were many bonsai specimens, primulas, paeonies, some azaleas and in one garden a

52 very large gardenia which was being aerial layered in some numbers, the ends of the many branches being inserted through the drainage hole of jug like pots which were held in place by bamboo stakes. We all felt confident that being in Tali we would see many specimens of 'Tali Queen' see Professor Yu's article in "Camellias and Magnolias" (R.H.S. Conference Report, 1950), but this was not so. The writer asked for it in each garden but it was only-in the last visited, probably the largest and most commercial that we were shown a plant the owner said "could be 'Tali Queen"'. It was certainly showing a very magnificent bloom Scenes in a private Rarden with mountain backdrop which closely follows Professor Yu's description. But it also closely resembled 'Paochucha' or Mr. Tom Savige. However we saw many really 'Red Jewelry'. It must be noted that there magnificent blooms which were as appreciated appears to be the greatest confusion in the by us as they were by their enthusiastic growers minds of most growers over the identity of many - a Camellia by any name!! of their reliculalas. Most are easily and quickly After the excitement of the gardens we identified - 'Purple Gown', 'Crimson Robe' visited the marble factory. Here marble was etc. but if, for example a flower of 'Cornelian' being cut into slabs and made into a great shows more white than usual, it will be named variety of objects. It is, as we were told, a 'White Cornelian'. This is very baffling to common local product. Another common local even the more knowledgeable visitor but will product is compressed or brick tea. Green tea no doubt be eventually sorted out in the West is compressed into blocks approx. 6" by 4" by such erudite growers as Col. Durrant and by 1" for Tibet where it is taken laced wi th Yak butter. The tea, without the butter, is very drinkable. Close to the marble factory are three beautiful slender white pagodas known as the Chang Sheng Temple. They are of considerable age, dating from about 680, quite spectacular and have survived several earth quakes which have left the tallest, over 200 ft. undamaged but the two smaller now lean towards one another. During the morning we had heard of two very notable Camellias in the district - the Camellia of 20000 blooms and that of 10000 blooms. The larger was too far away and furthermore in a very restricted area, so we had to settle for the smaller one. This was in a tiny village about 2500 ft. up the mountainside behind the old town. We set off in the early afternoon, our bus taking us up the mountain, over a very steep, stony track, as far as it could go. We walked around the mountainside for about a mile passing through some new tea plantations and noting on the way three ancient graves set in the steep hillside with rather stunted plants of C. saluenensis growing between them. Eventually we found the track leading to the village with the Camellia of Our hosts at a private Rarden 10000 blooms. It was steep, stony, rough but well defined. It took us through several villages each with patches of cultivation where the

53 Eventually we rejoined the bus and were driven, through the city, to the eastern side of the lake to the newly established gardens which are situated on a tall conical hill. This hill is almost entirely covered with Eucalyptus trees which grow so well in Southern China, perhaps even better than in Australia. We took tea with the Director in a fine pavilion overlooking the lake now dotted with white sailed fishing boats, a beautiful sight in the late afternoon. We had noticed a most extensive planting of C. reticulata at the entrance to the Garden which we now examined in detail, a great collection of well grown plants, mostly in tubs, Lake Er Haifrom the track to the Camellia of 10,000 bearing a multitude of fine blooms, but again blooms the greatest confusion about nomenclature. After our exertions of the day we again went to the hot spring baths and now a further surprise. The owner had heard we were all interested in plants so he kindly invited us to land was suitable but these farms did not look view his private collection which, though small nearly as good as those we could see far and only seen in the half light and with torches, below on the lake side. We came to an old was similar to those private gardens seen in and dilapidated temple though the figures inside the morning - Camellias, Azaleas, Paeonies, were freshly painted and maintained. We were Primulas and some excellent bonsai. told the Chinese inscription over the entrance We had noticed during the past two days a read "Bless these people" - we felt they could large black Mercedes which had crossed and do with it. Outside the temple was a familiar recrossed our path and after dinner discovered looking tree, about 30 ft. high and 40 ft. across. it was a hire car from Kunming taken by a After some discussion among ourselves and Japanese botanist, Mr. Hiroshi Terada of Tokyo with the locals we concluded it was the biggest who is a Member of the I.C.S. We exchanged Osmanthus fragrans we had ever seen. At one a good deal of information and told one another stage of our climb a very old man came out of of our experiences. He agreed with our remarks his hut and most hospitably offered us a drink. about the confusion over nomenclature. He Our guide later told us that we were the first also told us of a few spots we should look for Westerners the old man had ever seen! The on our way back to Kunming. patches of cultivation in this area were steep indeed and mostly given over to tea, but where We left Tali the following morning and did possible the farmers were growing broad beans, a little plant hunting on the way. We found barley, some wheat and other crops we did some of the places mentioned by Mr. Terada not recognise. At length we came to a tree and were delighted to discover many plants of bearing a painted notice which we were told C. saluenensis in good flower. The flowers informed the villagers that they were forbidden varied in colour from very pale to deep pink. to cut the Camellia trees for fire wood. Fifty We also found some species of Rhododendron yards further on we turned into the main alley - scabrtfolium, spictferum and spinultferum, of this, the last village on the track and there the last named having a most unRhododendron was the Camellia of 10000 blooms. But either like flower. But best of all a magnificent the notice had been put up too late or the specimen of R. delavayi covered in large villagers were not conversant with their written brilliant red flowers. This plant was rather language for what had obviously been a very inaccessible but Doug Mayfield braved the fine tree had been severely pruned and all steep slope, the multitude of vines and other that was left were three stark branches each barriers to bring a couple of trusses for us to bearing a few blooms. We were somewhat admire and photograph. disappointed!! The few flowers were too high We tottered out of the bus about 6.15 - it to be closely examined but we thought it had been as China Travel said "a long and could be a wild reticulata bearing deep pink arduous trip". About 400 kms. each way over flowers. a solid but in places, rough road in a small,

54 elderly Japanese bus. It had all been a great experience, it is not easy to get so far off the beaten track in China and we were all very grateful to China Travel to have made it possible for our group, possible the first party of Westerners, to visit Tali for many years. P.S. At our official banquet in Beijing we were very honoured by the presence of several famous Chinese botanists, among them Professor Yu. He was intrigued to hear we had been to Tali. And how is the Camellia of 10000 blooms he asked. We could only tell him it had been severely The Chang Shang Temple at Tali pruned!!

Ten best performers in Tokyo, 1982

YOSHIAKI ANDO" Nadaku. Kobe 657. Japan

The Camellia Show 1982 of Japan Camellia Botanical Institute of Seibu. The Show was Society held at the Ikebukuro Store, Tokyo crowded having as many in attendance as of Seibu Department Store during March 5 to 53,000 during 6 days, and 518 of visitors voted 10, 1982. The meeting was a great success their favourites. According to Goro Iimure, helped by the exciting addresses and exhibition the Director of lC.S. and the new Membership of new cultivars of Yunnan Reliculata and C. Representative of Asian region, I.C.S., the Cbrysantba by Mrs. Xia Li-fang and Mr. Zhu following is the results of enquete indicating Xiang-hong of Kunming Botanical Institute the tendency of Japanese admiration at present. which is anticipated to co-operate with the

Best Ten Camellias Popular Flowers Japan China Overseas other than Camellia 1 Wabisuke C. chrysanlha 'Tiny Princess' Calanthe discolor 2 Thicket Camellia Moutancha 'Valentine Day' Rose (Wild form) (Paeony Camellia) 3 'Iwane-shibori' Jinpaohong *c. rosaeflora Plum (Crimson Gown) 4 'Shiralama' Fengshancha 'E. G. Waterhouse' Rhododendron (White, single) (Fengshan Camel.) 5 'Hagoromo' *Mouchang 'Lila NafC Clematis ('MagnoIii flora') 6 Heian 'Captain Rawes' 'Betty S. Supreme' Rhododendron indicum & its alliance 7 'Tama-no-ura' *c. reticulala 'Francie L' Tree Paeony 8 'Seioobo' 'Tongzimian' 'Francie L. var.' Chaenomeles ('Baby Face') lagenaria 9 'Bokuhan' 'Zipao' 'Barbara Clark' Iris ensata & its ('Tinsie') ('Purple Gown') alliance 10 'Sukiya' ('Saotome') *'Milo Rowell' 'Ann Day' C. sasanqua *as it is 55

.--­ Wbat of tbe future? Society Members are requested to say where they think the 1984 Congress should be held. In considering the matter reference should be made to the article on page 24 of this Journal listing previous venues. Members should nominate a place where camellias would be in good flower, where there are enthusiastic I.C.S. members to assist in the organisation, and which is reasonably-easily reached from a majority of countries. Suggestions should be airmailed to I.C.S. Secretary by February 1983.

l'eter van Hoecke - /983 President. Sacramento Camellia Society "3 In One"

LEONARD WEBBER 6 Grand View Parade. Epping 2/2/. N.S. W. AUSlralia See colour section The title may sound like a formula, in swelling bud. A photo of this was taken. practice it relates to a multi-flowered sasanqua Details of the inflorescence colour - Cerice seedling of 1964 vintage. Red In 1972 a record was made of one branch Size - Individual flowers 3 cm in diameter producing an inflorescence that appeared to (approx.). The inflorescence 10-11 cm across. have three separate flowers arising from a Arrangement - Each flower has four rows single bud, at first sight it gave the impression of petals, the inner ones more vertical and of an accumulation of petals with a few stamens one to three stamens. interspersed and yet the suggestion was that The plant is a natural dwarf and has been the petals were distinctively arranged as three pot grown. Its height at the time of writing is flowers each having a quota of stamens. 53 cm - age 18 years. Subsequently f10werings showed that three I am not aware of any multi-flowered buds were involved, contained within a single Camellia existing other than this. flower bud; it was also known that the flowers No attempt has been made at this stage to did not necessarily open uniformly, a state propagate or breed from - it has not been existed where one flower was fully opened, a named. second partially open and the third was a "E. G. Waterhouse of Eryldene"

Remarks by SIR HERMANN BLACK, M.EC., HON.D.LITT. (NEWCASTLE), F.C.I.S. Chancellor of The University of Sydney

upon the launch of the book, "E.G. WATERHOUSE OF ERYLDENE", by Mary Armati, and illustrated by Paul Jones, on the request of the President and Governors of the Eryldene Trust, at Eryldene, 17 McIntosh Street, GORDON, at 10.15 in the morning of Sunday, 18th April, 1982.

56 We gather to salute the launching of a new with its inner court, in a graceful manner, we edition of the book entitled: "E. G. WATER­ did the simplest thing ... we asked of Professor HOUSE of ERYLDENE", ... a most affection­ Waterhouse for his design of the Pleasuance, ate work by Mary Armati, and decorated by as it was called. And to this day I can feel Paul Jones. It is, in its new form, a most again the pleasure of looking upon his plan attractive publication the illustrations. the for the disposition of space and grass and type, and the design all its qualities contri­ shrub as one wholly satisfying ... economical buting to one moving effect ... they bring us into in design, genial to the eye, and restful to the contact with a maIl" a house in a garden, and young spirits who were the members of the a flower. It yields a rare and infrequent trinity students' Union. Alas, the wash of later tastes of experiences ... of a man, learned, sensitive, of lesser merit has overborne that first design living a life grounded upon a rock of spiritual with a rash of structures, servicing different serenity; of a living place, illustrative of his needs. But that first encounter gave me as taste, and his catholicity of interest in things undergraduate a respect for a man of whom I gathered from many cultures; and of a flower, was to become colleague when I was appointed forever to be associated with his name, not to the staff of the University of Sydney ... only in this land, but wherever the camellia and was to enjoy many a casual contact with ~tands up in open beauty in the gardens of the l'homme meme ... gently spoken, softly per­ world. suasive, genial, eternally human, and an adorn­ And when, book in hand, you have entered ment of his academic Chair. these precincts, you will, I believe, in the Such a man lives a special sort of life; and words ofthe poet Wordsworth, "feel a presence". Mary Armati's friendship enables the capture I personally first encountered Professor of it in the pages of this book... a life Waterhouse as a young undergraduate inthe immensely diverse in variety, of surprising 'twenties ... not studying German under him encounters, and drawing to a close like a full ... but involved as a member of the House senset ... perhaps beautifully encapsulated in Committee of the Sydney University Union. the short line of Goethe included in his Charged as we were to fashion the Union, Profession de Foi ... "The good, the beautiful,

TREHANE CAMELLIAS

Specialists in new introductions of proven value Approved exporters to every European country except Portugal

J. Trehane & Sons Ltd Stapehill Road, Hampreston, Wimborne, Dorset, BH21 7NE England.

57 the true." to visitors from within Australia and from And yet, as you will discover, the very length overseas ... a magnificent private collectjon ofthat life over ninety years ... of unbroken of camellias, set in a pattern which evolved activity might have seemed improbably from an acre bought nearly seventy years ago. unlikely; for, as you will discover, on volun­ To catch the flavour of the man there is a teering for service in the First World War in simple injunction. .. read this book. I am 1915, and being rejected with the word "cardiac" sure that when you do so, there will suffuse scrawled upon his application, he betook your being a sense of wholesomeness, and a himself to a noted young medico in those far­ feeling of gratitude for a legacy ... of learning, off days ... the Chancellor of the University passed on into distinguished pupils like Ralph of Sydney to be, Sir Charles Bickerton Farrell; of taste ... enter the house and walk Blackburn, who, upon examination (I quote) the grounds and enjoy it; and of love for this gave his verdict: "Mr. Waterhouse, you are a majestic species of flower. There are encounters l:reaking door, and you'll always be a creaking in life which change us. Now a memory, yet door." Waterhouse lives on; and encounter with him Some door!!... opening into a life of is still possible as you leaf the pages of this continuous service, of taste and variety. affectionate book. Some creaking door!! ... when his gentle In a country where the virtues ofphysical teaching and his advice, was spread for years activity are much praised; in a continent from lectern to learned societies, to art galleries wherein the figure of the doer is a figure for and to flower societies here and abroad ... admiration ... is it not a matter for emulation and for years upon years ... fruitfully creaking. and gratitude that this most human figure ... One even gets in this book a sense of his unassertive yet influential, modest yet remark­ special qualities in the encounters of Professor able in achievement in the arts of teaching Waterhouse, as Mary Armati relates them, and friendship, and low-key but outstanding with two men whose qualities were in utter in accumulating artifacts of continuous antithesis ... with Mussolini, and with Adolf delight ... is it not, I say, a matter for gratitude Hitler ... For the one he had some feeling, if and emulation that this model stands up in no regard for his political philosophy; and for the memories preserved in this book to testify Hitler, interviewed immediately after what has to Australians that the life of the mind and been called "the night of the long knives" spirit has an element of the immortal in it ... when the power of the Nazi Brown Shirts was immortal in its continuing influence upon broken, and the degenerate leader, Roehm, generations who cannot know him, but who liquidated, Professor Waterhouse gives his can "feel a presence" here? judgement: "I felt him rather a prophet, a Walk in his company in the pages of this visionary, a fanatic, than as a statesman"; and book; and you will go not out the same door the awful truth of that detected fanaticism as in you went. You will have met E. G. was to come, inevitably, later. Waterhouse of Eryldene. And that you may But this remarkable man brings us into touch do so, I now declare the launch of this book, with legendary figures of a different order .... which as you read will bring to you the truth with the Masters at Sydney Grammar School of the famous saying, that in it are "infinite who encouraged his talent for languages; with riches in a little room". his University teachers under whom he achieved It is an honour to have been asked to perform the feat of graduating B.A. with first class this simple service to one who was mature honours in no less than three subjects ... colleague in one's green years of youth ... as English, French and German; and with early rare a spirit as ever graced this land, and who figures at the Teacher's College. Read the lived in these parts about us, bequeathing to. book for his journeying, for the fragrance of us the benediction of his serenity and good his marriage, and for the building and planting taste, and the delights of the eye in the flower at Eryldene, a garden which became attractive that symbolises his memory.

"E. G. Waterhouse of Eryldene" A review by MARGARET PERKINS Devon, England To an English member of the International Waterhouse, this book transforms a mere name Camellia Society who never met Professor into a vital personality.

58 As the title denotes, it is the life story of this was disappointing that more was not revealed distinguished Australian scholar and man of in this sphere and obviously, his interest turned letters. There are contributions from his sons, to research and nomenclature. His enthusiasm close friends and many who benefitted from did much to encourage the renaissance of the his remarkable teaching ability and power of Camellia throughout the world. I think this communication. book will appeal particularly to his fellow The book, well presented, contains photo­ Australians. graphs, and two colour plates by Paul Jones. It tells of the Professor's rapid progress through school to university, his studies in Europe, his visit to Scotland and his su bsequent marriage. Editor's Note: The book is available (proceeds Rather much emphasis goes in to the building in aid of Eryldene's restoration, which is now of his home. The reader is left in no doubt of well under way at $8 Australian plus $1.50 his energy and artistic ability, his passion for Australian for overseas postage. Bank drafts learning, for landscaping and for the creation in Australian dollars should be airmailed to of beauty. The Secretary, The Eryldene Trust, P.O.Box He started a Camellia nursery in 1939. It 293, Gordon, N.S.W. 2072, Australia. New Zealand National Camellia Show 1981

L'Exposition Nationale des Camelias, de la Nouvella Zelande, 1981 Exposici6n Nacional de la Camelia, Nueva Zelanda, 1981 L'esposizione della Societa Neozelandesa della Camelia, 1981 MRS. AUSTIN New Zealand

Each year the New Zealand Camellia Society Jap. 'Wildfire' which was also awarded Best stages one NATIONAL Camellia show which Japonica and Best Bloom of American origin. is held in conjunction with the annual The Best Hybrid with no reticulata parentage convention. This three day event is hosted by was awarded to a bloom of 'Mona Jury' ... a local branch so the venue rotates around Best reticulata or reticulata hybrid 'Dr. Clifford the country from year to year. The dates for Parks' Best Yunnan Reticulata 'Purple the show are chosen to suit the host branch Gown' Best White Bloom 'K Sawada' . and vary from late August through to mid Best Bloom of Australian origin 'Overture' . September. Best Doak Hybrid 'Phyl Doak'. In 1981 the National Show and convention The miniature to small classes were well was held in New Plymouth, which is a small supported reflecting the growing popularity city on the coast in the North Island. The area of this type of camellia. The award for the in and around New Plymouth is ideal for the Best miniature went to a bloom of 'Sugar cultivation of camellias. Apart from private Babe' and for the Best Small 'Tammia' was gardens, camellias have been used extensively chosen. Of the twenty three blooms, other for street plantings and landscaping in Parks than award winners, that made up the honours and reserves. table, six were miniature to small, namely Ov.er 300 members of the New Zealand 'Maroon & Gold'; 'Comte de Toll'; 'Botan Society attended this 1981 convention, which Yuki'; 'Kitty'; 'Kewpie DoW and C. Maliflora. to date, is the largest to be held in New Zealand Places of interest and local gardens were Approximately 2,000 blooms from many parts opened to members who attended and were of the country were exhibited at the show, incorporated into the convention programme. which, after judging was completed, was opened The 1982 show and convention will be held to the general public by the local Mayor. It in Rotorua This will be a very special occasion was very gratifying to see the crowds of people for Camellia members as they will be celebrating (other than camellia members) who came to the 25th anniversary of the society in New view the show. Zealand. The dates are September 3rd, 4th & The Champion of the show was a bloom of 5th.

59 More on Mrs Hill's canlellias growing near the Nortlt Atlantic

JOHN ALPEN N.S. w., Australia MRS. JULIAN W. HILL of Wilmington, 'Magnoliaeflora', 'Frost Queen', 'Yamato-nishiki', Del., U.S., in the L C.S. Journal of October, 'Showa-no-hikari', and a hybrid of Dr Clifford 1978 (pp 51-52), contributed interesting Parks', 'Berenice Body' X 'Daikagura'. There information on the camellias brought from is only one Sasanqua, 'Maiden's Blush', which Japan to Portugal in 1542. This article, together survives in a sheltered corner and it is rather with the further comment it attracted in the unhappy. Three seedlings of C. saluenensis, October 1979 Journal (No. 11) page 78 would which I believe to be Williamsii X have have provided valuable "pre-tour" reading for survived; also four other seedlings of C. members going to the 1981 I.C.S. Congress, saluenensis. which included Portugal. There are three different clones of a Japonica With the 1978 article Mrs. Hill (better known of the National Arboretum's #11391 series. as "Polly") also gave some illuminating These came from Mr Francis de Vos. There comments concerning her own camellias, are also several in the #35667-70 series of the growing in the extreme cold conditions on Arboretum, from Dr Sylvester March. Martha's Vineyard, a Massachusetts island in Of the plants I have grown from seed (which the Atlantic Ocean, near Cape Cod. She comprise the majority of the living plants) mentioned temperatures as low as minus 10 you may be interested in the seed sources: degrees Fahrenheit and promised that she 2 from seed collected in cultivation in a private would, later on, give some detailed observations garden in Alabama in 1960. on the progress of her plants. Many of the 2 from seed collected in cultivation in the seedlings had come from the Northernmost R.H.S. garden at Wisley, England. stands of Japan. 11 from Mr. Takematsu Kimura, collected in Polly now writes to me bringing her story the wild in Natsudomari, Aomori Pref., up-to-date. She says: "I hope that this will be (northern Japan). The best of these is 5'6" all the more valuable because of the extremely X 5', listed as "good". Others run from 2' to severe winters we have experienced." 6' and one is a tight mound, presumed to I quote from the letter: be a genetic dwarf. "The series of severely cold winters 11 from Mr. Takematsu Kimura, collected in culminated in 1981 which was, again, extremely the wild in Kessennuma. Miyag~ (northern cold with drought conditions as well. Any Japan) 1960. These have among their number plants left alive are now of even greater interest, three I consider to be "good". They are 5' at least as regards their hardiness. and 6' tall, 4' and 6' wide. This February I listed and appraised all the 4 from Mr. Kobei Hosoi, collected in the wild camellias on the farm on Martha's Vineyard, in Natsudomari in 1964. up-dating my records which accompany each 5 from Mr. Hosoi, collected in the wild in taxon. Kessennuma in 1966. They are from 18" There is now a total of sixty four individual to 5'; those from Natsudomari are bushy. plants. The lowest temperature any of them There are newer young seedlings from Miyato survived is minus 23°C (-9°F). All of them Isiand, near Matsushima and from Taebengi survived -20oe (-4°F). Drought, absence of Island, South Korea. snow cover, and what can be considered tough Camellia aiel/era is enormously successful conditions generally for a camellia, resulted and blooms in the Fall from October to in very few flower buds or blooms during the November, before there is big freezing and it last two years. They are about four miles from seems to have a great future. I have only one the Atlantic Ocean and 50 feet above sea plant of any size, about 6' (4 inch pot in 1965) level. Acidity is pH. 4.5 to 5.3 and there is but have more young plants coming on in the much wind. last year or so. They are from China and The best surviving commercially grown clone Japan. Very young seedlings have come through is 'Kumasaka'. I also have living plants of these last winters without any sign of trouble.

60 Sometimes the dead file yields some inter­ single wild form pink and red (some large) esting information. Only a year or so ago one double. there were more than 150 plants. Today there Many have not produced any flowers as are 64. The following summary will show the yet. workings of naturalselection with a vengeance. My rating of four individuals as "good" relates 32 seedlings from Wisley in 1960 Now 2 to a potent remark frequently made by that 306 seedlings from Natsudomari fine horticulturist Dr. John Wister, - "But is in 1961 Now 11 it any good!" " 58 seedlings from Kessennuma I am very grateful to Mrs. Hill for her in 1961 Now 11 informative letter. I.C.S. members are fortunate 84 seedlings from Natsudomari in having a fellow member situated in a unique in 1964 Now 4 position who is so meticulous with her records 60 seedlings from Kessennuma and so readily shares her observations with in 1966 Now 5 us. I look forward to being kept posted about 540 (about 6% survival in 20 years) 33 the various blooms as they appear. Let us hope that Mrs. Hill is being unduly pessimistic Perhaps another twenry years will reveal in suggesting that it may take another twenty some fine flowers as well. So far I have seen: single white years for the full story to unfold! Tissue culture techniques Current problems and perspectives in the application of tissue culture techniques to woody perennials like camellia Des techniques de la culture au tissu Technicas parael cultivo por medio de tejidos botanicos Nuove techniche nella coltivazione per mezzo di fibre tessile DR. S. H. MANTELL Department of Botany, University of Leicester, England

Society members will become aware of the other ornamentals have achieved spectacular versatility and potential of in vitro techniques 100,000 fold multiplication rates over extremely for plant propagation and crop improvement short time periods and have allowed rapid through recent articles in this journal. For cloning (true-to-type multiplication) of selected, example, those of Alpen (this volume) and desirable mother plants for commercial release. Creze and Beauchesne (1981) have highlighted In the case of camellias on which sports these techniques. In vitro culture of plants, (mutations) are frequent, the ability to rapidly whereby small pieces of tissue or individual propagate desirable clones of these for initial cells are cultured aseptically on defined media assessment and then larger scale bulking would under laboratory conditions, is already finding clearly be of great advantage. Hand in hand widespread commercial application in the rapid with such diversity of types and the placticity propagation of horticultural and agricultural often shown by some clones of Camellia, is crops. There are, however, some physiological the desirability for some means of perpetuating and logistical problems with applying such a line before it is inadvertantly lost during techniques, originally developed on herbaceous grafting operations (or perhaps modified by crops like tobacco and potato, to woody rootstock.scion interactions). New techniques perennials like Camellia. of germplasm storage whereby planttissue or Following are some basic reasons for applying cells cultured in vitro can be stored under in vitro techniques to Camellia. Firstly, they liquid nitrogen at -196° C indefinitely might could provide a means of rapid propagation eventually be considered feasible for long term (termed micropropagation) whereby repeated storage of camellias should the need for this subdivision of cultured tissues could yield many ever arise. Secondly, they could provide a thousands of mini-plants which could thenbe means of producing disease-free clones of raised to normal size through more conventional Camellia. Currently, some highly prized clones horticultur,al techniques. Such approaches in are naturally infected with one or more strains

61 of virus, probably Camellia yellow mottle virus type of microbe. However, their dedifferent­ (sometimes referred to as Camellia infectious iated state, i.e. absence of functional shoot or variegation or Camellia yellow spot). Elimination root structures, means that they would be of of these pathogens from plant material of this little use for plant propagation as such. To type is generally only possible with the use of achieve this end, freshly excised tissues need an in vitro technique known as apical meristem to be placed on media in which there are tip culture carried out in conjunction with different proportions of growth regulators and treatments like heat therapy and!or inclusion other modified nutrients which trigger the of antiviral compounds in growth media if development of new plantlets. This is now a required. Needless to say, the necessity for consistent and straightforward procedure for removal of these dehabilitating infections is herbaceous plants like tobacco. In these cases, obvious (see also Thoby, 1981). Thirdly, at small pieces of tissue (stem, leaf, flower, root some future date, they may also provide suitable or seed) can be induced readily to produce means by which genetic improvement of new plantlets by manipulation of the relative existing clones could be achieved within levels of growth regulators (auxins and comparatively short time spans (a matter of cytokinins) used in media. By raising auxin/ years instead of many decades as is the case cytokinin ratios over a low concentration range with conventional methods of breeding). By of0.001 to 10 parts per million (p.p.m.), cultured way of example, techniques have been tissues will form predominantly roots but developed during the last decade which allow reversing this ratio induces shoot production. for the cells of one plant to be fused and form Fine tuning of the procedure allows plantlets a hybrid with those of a closely related plant to be formed over and over again throughout by a process known as somatic hybridization. the year. This permits the interbreeding of plants which Unfortunately, woody perennials like either do not normally cross due to physiological Camellia do not respond in such a convenient barriers which prevent fertilization or do not fashion and for this reason are often termed set viable seed due to other incompatibility 'recalcitrant'. Not until the late 1970's were mechanisms. any serious attempts made to perfect the above The foregoing possibilities demonstrate that method for tissue culture based propagation in vitro technology provides tremendous scope of Camellia plants. The efforts of Beauchesne for producing new types of Camellia. Such is (1978) and Creze (1979) yielded some encour­ the appeal of this prospect that enthusiasts aging preliminary findings; these were reported and growers should now be asking to what by them at Kyoto in 1980 (Creze and degree can these in vitro techniques be currently Beauchesne, 1981). Using meristems (small applied to Camellia. shoot tips) excised from either one year-old A search of scientific literature (1969 to rooted cuttings or from 3 to 4 year-old seedlings June 1982) indicated the paucity of information which had not flowered, they obtained plantlets on Camellia tissue culture. The first reports on a specially modified culture medium. More of tissue culture of Camellia species were in recently, Bennett and Scheibert (1982) have the late 1960's when British, Japanese and succeeded in producing plantlets via callus Russian scientists became interested in the in cultures initiated from cotyledons of young vitro culture of tea (Camellia sinensis). Tea seedlings of C. japonica. Consequently, an in cultures could be induced to synthesise vitro system is now available which could significant amounts of phenolic compounds afford much closer study of cultural conditions (substances which give the dark brown colour­ necessary for perfecting a micropropagation ation to the tea product) thus providing a very method for the Camellia genus. convenient model system for laboratory studies The comparative slow progress towards on the biosynthesis of these compounds in overcoming recalcitrance in woody perennials plants. These cultures, however, were of the is largely due to lack of understanding of callus and suspension type derived by placing physiological processes involved in aging and small pieces of surface sterilized stem tissue differentiation phenomena in woody plants. on solid growth media designed to produce Because woody plants have adapted to survival powdery masses (calli) of relatively uniform under adverse climatic conditions at various cells which could then be dispersed in liquid times of the year, the patterns of tissue media to produce cell suspensions. The value development in such plants have become of these cultures is that they can be managed particularly specialized Consider the complexity very much like those of yeasts or any other of organization in a plant on which, tissues are

62 growing rapidly for a few months of the year of seedling derived rootstocks but for propag­ while others on it are quiescent in order to ation of sports on mature bushes, the rejuven­ withstand seasonal fluctuations in climate. Such ation aspect may be most important. Finally, complex development patterns no doubt one point worth noting is that often subsequent necessitate a parallel intricacy in physiological in vitro propagation of a plant may become control mechanisms. Not surprisingly, tissue considerably easier as a consequence of tissue development of a fast growing annual like attaining more consistent juvenile states after tobacco can be controlled with relative ease repeated subdivisions in culture under stable, but not development of a slow growing woody uniform environmental conditions. Thus, plant like Camellia. Extended experience with certain apple cultivars become more conducive in vitro culture is now beginning to show that to micropropagation after several generations factors like juvenility, i. e. the growth phase in culture (Jones, 1982). This could be important characteristic which immediately follows seed in the Camellia situation where apparently germination and which is also induced by· disappointing preliminary attempts to obtain certain cultural or chemical treatments such large numbers of plantlets from a given number as grafting of shoots on to seedlings, or by of excised shoot tips, may in fact turn out to shoot pruning, high fertilizer applications and be successful from a commercial standpoint vegetative propagation or by spraying with since culture protocols may be possible under cytokinins (see Franclet, 1979); the physiological which micropropagation rates may pick up. condition of the excised tissue; the use of In summary, the prospects for in vitro culture growth regulators of a more diverse type than of ornamental camellias look reasonably previously used and the appropriate modific­ promising especially when it is considered ation of the macro- and micro-nutrients of that dedifferentiated cell cultures of tea, a basic media are all important considerations close relative, have been in widespread use as in achieving in vitro propagation of woody a research system for almost ten years. Such species. This is reflected in Creze and culture systems if capable of regenerating Beauchesne's work where regeneration of tissue plantlets would be suitable for implementing from shoot tip material in vitro was limited by recently developed parasexual breeding growing season (tips taken between April and techniques like somatic hybridization. As August being best under climatic regimes in regards elimination of viruses, this is only France); Bennett and Scheibert found that likely to be possible when more complete seedling material was more conducive than protocols for culture of meristems, sufficiently cutting material for Camellia plantlet regener­ small in size to exclude any possibility of ation in vitro and Beauchesne found that by carry over of virus from the plant into culture, reducing calcium levels to about a sixth of are available. As previously mentioned though, that usually used in a tobacco culture medium, there may not be such a prerequisite if larger conditions were more suitable for tissue growth explants (shoot tips) are taken from heat-treated in vitro. plants. Apart from these registered improvements, It is generally felt that it will only be a some developments in the successful micro­ matter of time before the in vitro techniques propagation of fruit tree crops may provide developed for herbaceous plants will be available some leads to overcoming recalcitrance for Camellia, though to achieve this will problems in Camellia. For instance, presence probably involve more flexibility in approach of phloroglucinol, a breakdown product of lather than any radical change in basic the phenolic compound phloridzin, in culture techniques. media to a level of 150 p.p.m. has been found In order to further awareness of these to enhance shoot proliferation in some apple techniques, a short list of some books and cultivars (Jones and Hatfield, 1976) by its effect articles on the topic of in vitro culture of on auxin metabolism in apple tissue explants. plants is given here. Activated carbon (charcoal) at about 2% can 1. Plant Propagation: principles andpractices. also be beneficial in such cultures by adsorption Chap. 16 entitled 'Aseptic methods of of undesirable, possibly inhibitory substances micro-propagation' by Hartman, H. T. and which develop during culture. Despite these Kester, D. E. 3rd Edn., pp 509-'532. modifications, the most important single factor Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. to date has been use of rejuvenated or juvenile 2. Applied and/undamental aspects o/plant tissue as explants. With Camellia, the latter is cell tissue and organ culture. Eds. Reinert, less of a problem when considering propagation J. and Bajaj, Y. P. S. Springer-Verlag,

63 Berlin, Heidelberg and New York (Chapters Beauchesne, G. (1979). Meristem culture of camellias. 2~ 6 describe detailed tissue culture Camellia Journal 11, 7. propagation of ornamentals, orchids, citrus, Bennett, W. Y. and P. Scheibert (1982). In vitro generation of callus and plantlets from cotyledons of Camellia japonica. forest trees and coffee). A.C.S. Camellia Journal 37, 12-15. 3. Propagation ofhigherplants through tissue Creze, 1. (1979). Continuing with M. Beauchesne's culture. Eds. Constantin, M. J., Henke, R. experiments. Camellia Journal 11, 8. R., Hughes, K. W. and Conger, B. V. Vol. Creze, 1. and G. Beauchesne (1980). Camellia cultivation in vitro. International Camellia Journal 12, 31-4. 21 (Nos 3/4) of Environmental and Experi­ Franclet, A. (1979). Rejeunissement. des Arbres Adultes mental Botany published by Pergamon en vue de leur propagation vegetative. ACOCEL. Etudes Press 1981. et Recherches No. 12,6/79. Micropropagation d'Arbres 4. Plant Biotechnology. Eds. Mantell, S. H., Forestiers, pp 3-18. and Smith, H. Seminar series volume 18 Jones, O. P. and S. G. S. Hatfield (1976). Root initiation in apple shoots cultured in vitro with auxins and phenolic shortly to be published by Cambridge compounds. Journal of Horticultural Science 51,495-9. University Press (Chapters 5 and 6 describe Jones, O. P. (in press). In vitro propagation of tree crops. in vitro propagation of horticulturaL agri­ In Plant Biotechnology Eds. S. H. Mantell and H. Smith. cultural and tree crops). Soc. for Experimental Biology Seminar Series volume. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. References Thoby, C. (1981). A few thoughts on Camellia viruses. Alpen,1. (1982). Tissue culture - an Australian up-date. Camellia Journal 13, 46. International Camellia Journal. Extracts from the correspondence between Stephen Haw and John Tooby Members will be interested to read the following extracts from correspondence between I.C.S. member Stephen Haw and Vice-President elect John Tooby Extraits de la correspondance entre Stephen Haw et John Tooby Resumen de la correspondencia entre Stephen Haw and John Tooby Citazioni della corrispondenza fra Stephen Haw & John Tooby

LIU XUESHENG LOU, japonica L. in China - the history of its SHANDONG DAXUE, cultivation, its propagation, cultivation and JlNAN, SHANDONG, varieties. According to this book, C. japonica People's Republic of China has been cultivated in China for at least 1200 Dear Mr. Tooby years, and in Zhejiang (Chekiang) province You will see I am presently living in China, there is a tree of the species which is 8.5 having obtained a scholarship to study at a metres tall, with a trunk 47.5 cm in diameter, Chin~se university for a year. I am mainly which is reckoned to be over 1200 years old. concentrating on improving my command of The most important areas of cultivation of C. the language, so am attending courses on j~ponica are said to be Zhejiang (Chekiang), language and literature; but in my spare time Jlangsu (Kiangsu), Anhui (Anhwei), Fujian I am working on botanical matters, of which (Fukien), and Jiangxi (Kiangsi) provinces, but the most important is a Chinese/Latin/English Sichuan (Szechuan) is said to have the largest dictionary of botanical terminology which I number of different varieties in cultivation, as have begun to compile. This will take several this province has varieties introduced from all years to complete (probably at least three), the different provinces just listed. It is, in my but will fill an important gap (at present there opinion, most likely that the earliestintroductions are only Latin or English to Chinese botanical of C. japonica were of plants grown in Fujian, dictionaries, and they are all deficient in some Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces - these are respects). I am in contact with the Botanical not too distant from Hong Kong and Macao. Institute of Academia Sinica about this project, Later, when other ports opened to foreign and they are very interested. traders, it would have been easier to obtain On camellias and their cultivation in China plants from Sichuan shipped down the Yangtze - I recently bought a little book here called to Shanghai or other ports. The book lists 78 "Shancha Hua" which discusses Camellia varieties grown in Sichuan, and 28 grown in

64 Znejiang, allowing for overlap, it describes stating that is is probable it is a parent of 101 different varieties in all. This is all in many popular hybrids. And if C. semiserrata Chinese, I'm afraid. why not others such as C. honkongensis or C. Camellia pitardii does seem likely to be chekiangoleosa? And is such hybridisation the hardier than most camellias - its altitudinal reason for Huang's leaf differences? range goes as high as 2,800m, according to a Huang also states that Si chuan is the Chinese Chinese botanical work in my possession. province with the strongest tradition of camellia Whether it grows at that height in the mountains growing. It is clear that camellias were brought of western Sichuan I do not yet know (its to Canton as a regular part of the nursery range includes Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and trade during the 18th and 19th centuries. One Guongxi provinces). I have seen its variety clue as to their origin is that some were certainly yunnanica in flower in January in the botanic worked on C. euryoides and C. rosaeflora. gardens at Kunming. This coming January I Sealy says that C. euryoides occurs in Fujian hope to visit Emei (Omei) Shan, and will and Guang Dong and this would support your certainly be hoping to find some camellias view. there. The question of hardiness is a complex Huang's most interesting reference is to the one,however, as it is not simply a matter of camellias he found in the Chunglai Mountains temperature in winter - summer heat (affecting - from Aba north to Omei south. the 'ripening' of young growth), humidity and He also refers to the Chinese preference . other factors all have an effect, I have seen C. for the formal double flowers and their sterility. saluenense growing wild in the hills outside It would appear that the Chinese plant-breeders Kunming at an altitude of well over 2,000m .did not discover that a semi-double pollinated (and flowering in January) ~ temperatures by a paeony-form camellia was likely to produce there could certainly drop well below freezing, a proportion of formals in its progeny, and but this shrub was well sheltered by woodland, this no doubt explains their slow progress and the cold there would be a dry cold, very which was commented upon by Fortune and unlike our British winters. I fear that C. pitardii Main. On the other hand I do not think we would probably be accustomed to similar should underestimate the efficiency of the climatic conditions. Chinese water transport system which so Yours sincerely, Stephen Haw. impressed Lord Macartney in, I think, 1798. 'Acrons', Chapel Lane, And if C. reticulata 'Captain Rawes' could Bransford, Worcester, reach Canton from Yunnan why not others WR65JG. from Sichuan whether trans-shipped on the Dear Mr. Haw, lower Yangtse or propagated by an enterprising Thank you very much for your letter. nurseryman in that area. Incidentally when I do congratulate you on obtaining your Parks called at Macao on his way home with a scholarship and send you my very best wishes large collection of camellias including 'Captain for success in your studies of the Chinese Rawes' he met Rawes at Beale's house and language and for your projected ChineselLatinl discussed the reticulatas, speculating as to English dictionary of botanicalterms. whether they were plants of the rumoured I am very interested to hear about your yellow camellia! little book "Shan; cha Hua". The early history Here at home it is snowing as I write in the of camellias in China is virtually unknown in middle of the coldest winter I can remember the western world. The 1,200 year old tree with temperature in my garden down to -20°C. sounds impressive. I wonder whether this is on the 13th December, so I am more than the tree referred to, with photographs, by ever interested in hardiness. Hardiness seems Huang Teh-Ling in the A.C.S. Journal of May to be very heritable and inter specific hybrids 1981; this one is in Ruian region, Wenchow are often hardier than either parent. Hence district, is reckoned to be over 1,000 years old my interest in C. pitardii pitardii; and the and has a connection with one of the Tang Chunglai Mountain. Emperors who took refuge there. The provinces Another point is raised by Huang when he where camellias are said to have been cultivated refers to "Thea fraternal" as a Chinese sasanqua. is also interesting. Do the Chinese use the word sasanqua for In the A.C.S. Yearbook for 1959, Huang small flowered camellias? compares the leaves of Chinese and Japanese With all best wishes camellias and points to certain differences. Yours sincerely, And Stirley Macoboy refers to C, semiserrata, John Tooby

65 Doncklaeri-Donckelarii

T. J. SAVIGE Wirlinag, N.S. W., Australia

This camellia is an outstanding example of Donckelarii L'Horticulteur the problems of the tangled mess which BeIge 1834 occurred with the names given to early cultivars Donkelarii L'Horticulteur which were particularly popular. BeIge 1834 Because of their popularity they not only Donkelari Vera Burdin received many synonyms, but the orthography Maggiore 1835 of the original name varied considerably. With Donkelaarii Loddiges 1836 'Doncklaeri' the internationally valid name is Donklaeri Berlese 1837 'Masayoshi', first listed in the Japanese Donklaari Berlese 1841 manuscript Shoshiki-Hanagata-cho, 1789; but Don Klari Berlese 1841 it is not this name with which we are concerned Donkelaarii Striata Loddiges 1849 but the European synonym by which it is Donckelaari Variegated Vanderbilt 1941 generally known outside Japan. Donckelarii Special Hertrich 1955 The cultivar was amongst a group of camellias The name has been used, mostly invalidly, taken back to Europe by Dr. Philipp Franz for a number of other cultivars: von Siebold of the Dutch East Indian Company Donkelaarii Alba - Le Texnier 1911 on his return in 1829 from his first visit to orthographic variation for 'Doncklaeri Nagasaki. Flore Alba Andre Doncklaer, who was chief gardener Doncklaari California - Vanderbilt 1942 at the University of Louvain, obtained the synonym for'Monjusu-aka' original plants and this particular camellia Doncklaari California Red was named for him. There has been considerable Vanderbilt 1942 confusion on how he spelt his name, and thus Synonym for 'Monjusu-aka' on the correct orthography of the cultivar Doncklaari California Variegated name. Vanderbilt 1942 Because the colour plate and description in Synonym for'Monjusu' L 'Horticulture Belge Journal des Gardiners et Donkelaari Eugene Lize - Guichard 1894 Amateurs Vol. II (1834) P.63, published the Synonym for 'Eugene Lize' name as 'Donckelarii', this has been generally Donkelaari Flore Alba - Revue accepted as the correct orthography, as this Horticole 1848 was believed to be the first validly published Doncklaari Flore Pleno Vanderbilt 1942 description of the camellia. However, in fact, Doncklari Frise de Bisschop 1958 it was published one year earlier in the Magasin Donkelaarii Fulges Marchant 1958 d'Horticulture, 1833, as 'Doncklaeri' and, Synonym for 'Eugene Bolen' according to the International Code of Donckelari Mobala River View 1957 Nomenclature, this should replace 'Donckelarii' Doncklaari Red Vanderbilt 1942 as its valid synonym. However the code permits Synonym for 'Eugene Bolen' a persons name to be corrected if its orthography Donkelaari Rosea Cachet ·1845 is in error. Note: This may supersede 'Eugene Bolen In the horticultural literature of the time as the self red form of'Doncklaeri'. his name was spelt many ways. For example As Andre Doncklaer was not only chief inBelgique Horticole Vol. 8, (1850) P. 275, is gardener of the University of Louvain, but an article entitled "Notice Biographique sur later was in charge of the Botanical Garden A. Donkelaar" while in the body of the article of Ghent, there surely must be some document he is referred to as Mr. Donklaer. in the archives of these institutions which The following list gives the original listings bears his signature. This would seem to be the of the various forms of the name of this camellia only sure way to establish the spelling of his in order of date. name. Doncklaeri Magasin Perhaps the members of the I.C.S. in Belgium d'Horticulture 1833 could do some research on the matter.

66 Land of the falling rain

Pays des pluies Tierra iluviosa Terra della pioggia LESLIE RIGGALL Kloot, South Africa After the 1980 I.C.S. Congress in Kyoto, pale pink margined with red A curious cultivar and the subsequent tour of Japan, I visited my is'Goshiki Tsubaki' the'Five-coloured Camellia'. old friend KOICHIRO WADA in Yokohama. Some flowers are white, some red, some pink I found him in poor health and confined to his and others are variegated. Among the Snow house, but it came as a shock when his son Camellias (Camellia ruslicana) I was particularly informed me some months later that he had charmed by the delicate appeal of 'Koshi-No­ died. Haru'. Koichiro was a truly international nursery- Mr. Wada bred rhododendrons, and I man, plant collector and plant breeder, who selected several fine seedlings from his trial was actually running a large business of grounds. The problem in Japan is the hot sun exporting Japanese plants to various countries in August, and his method was to use hardy at the age of twenty-one. The West is indebted plants, and then later plant out the seedlings to him for innumerable beautiful plants, new in full sun so as to give full play to the law of introductions which he sent from Japan during natural selection. American growers might his very active life. find some of the survivors useful in their Looking at some of these plants recently, continental climate. Mr. Wada's efforts were reminded me of an earlier visit to Japan, in crowned with success, because on my last the days before Japan became so Westernised. visit I learned that these rhododendrons, now Although I had only known him through grown very large, were in great demand at correspondence involving the importation of very high prices. plants, when I met him in Yokohama I soon The next day we visited Mr. CHOKA learned how hospitable are the Japanese. ADACHI, who lived near Tokyo. He was a Although he was a very busy man he placed collector of camellias and specialised in Higo himself at my disposal completely. camellias and Snow camellias. He was also The camellias were in flower so we went a world-famous Master of Flower Arrange- immediately to see his extensive collection. I ment. Unfortunately he was sick but his son noticed that C. 'Lady Clare' in Japan was showed us his collection. He told me that a 'Akashigata', which is the correct name. This festival of camellia-flower arrangement had variety is the solid deep pink sport of 'Onijin', just ended there with the three thousand visitors which is variegated with white. On the famous each receiving a gift of a small camellia plant. camellia island of Ojima I have seen very He explained the difference between the beautiful flowers on this variety. My own plant various types of camellia Higo camellias have of 'Akashigata' has now reverted to 'Onijin', a wide, loose formation of the stamens, which so perhaps I may obtain such exquisitely moired are sometimes more prominent than the petals. flowers. One of the delights of cultivating The Higo camellia is a symbol of masculine camellias is the element of surprise. I had been reading about 'Higo' (pronounced Heengaw') camellias and was much attracted to a rosy red one named 'Mihata'. Another good pink Higo camellia was 'Taiheiraku' although it could be said that it is similar to C. japonica 'Dewatairin' ('Hatsu Zakura'). Among a large number of varieties of C. japonica, a particularly pleasing one was 'Kamo­ No-Honami', and another irresistible flower was 'Shuchuka' which is a true picotee, very Stepping stones in a Japanese garden

67 virtues and was much favoured by the Samura~ the knights of old Japan. Higo camellias with their single flowers are becoming more popular in western gardens, perhaps as a reaction from the very large and complicated blooms produced in recent years. Not all Higos would appeal to the average Western taste, some being misshapen, a fault which the Japanese ignore, as they often choose asymmetry in preference to symmetry. Varieties which most westerners would admire included 'Ozeki', (large red), 'Osaraku', (blush pink), 'Gosho Kagami', (white tinged pink), 'Kumagai' (large deep crimson) and 'Ima Kumagaya' (large rich red with large boss of stamens, many petaloid, white tinged pink). 'Nioi Fubuki' does not appeal to me even though it has scent, but my favourite is 'Shokko Nishiki', a large blazing brilliant red strikingly variegated and moired with pure white. This variety is outstanding in a collection of about seventy different Higos in the grounds of Kumamoto Castle. There are no classic white Higo camellias in Japan white is the colour associated with death, and as Higo camellias fall suddenly to the ground complete, the association of ideas was not propitious for men who lived by the sword. Westerners are inclined to think that when a flower has 'Otome' (maiden) as its name or part of its name, it will be white, associated in their minds with purity, innocence, virginity, etc. An example of this western association of A velY rare and beaut(ful hexagonal "Pagoda" ideas is 'Shiragiku' (White Chrysanthemum) in the author's garden. They are usually square) which was named 'Purity' in America because it was white. Whereas 'Otome' always indicates a blush-pink to pink flower, as Japanese names joined us in the important matters of drinking are seldom direct, but involve subtle indirect tea and discussing camellias. Although obviously allusions, in this case to a maiden's blush. unwell he looked most impressive in his Camellia rusticana varieties usually have Japanese costume and very Japanese environ­ smaller stamens than the various forms of C. ment, for he was a man of tremendous japonica, but a sure means of identification is personality. I understood then why he had the yellow tinge on the stamens instead of 60,000 disciples in Japan alone. blush or white. These Snow camellias are A rare treasure was produced, two ancient very tough, and in nature they are often rather scroll paintings of great length, which depict flat through having been buried frequently among other things a hundred varieties of under 10 or 12 feet of snow, in Northern camellia in cultivation about 250 years ago, Japan where they mostly grow. Varieties or many of them unfortunately now extinct. I hybrids of C. rusticana might be useful in was intrigued by a remarkable red variety North Britain and those parts of America which which was two-tiered , and carried a perfect have heavy snowfalls. second flower on top of the stamens. Camellia saluenensis and its hybrids can be They looked shocked when I enquired distinguished from all the above by its tiny whether this was exaggeration or artistic licence, hairs on the ovary. and a two tiered flower, 'Mikasa-No-Mori', Later we entered the house, an unforgettable was immediately brought in from the garden experience. With a typical Japanese sense of to vindicate the artist. It was white with red duty Mr. ADACHI rose from his bed and stripes and not perfectly dou bled like the red

68 one depicted, but I was satisfied that such planted, whereas the cherry trees of Japan are camellias have existed in the past. Old paintings dying of fire-blight. As this disease is wind­ show that there have also been yellow camellias borne there seems little hope of checking it. and a purple one, but they are no longer in The main object of my journey was to identify Japan. These tropical types may have come and collect the "Wilson Fifty" Kurume Azaleas, from Tongking (Vietnam), and no doubt a which have become badly confused during severe winter killed them all. Probably one of the last fifty years. The Tokyo-Yokohama these was C. chrysantha, recently re-introduced area was of little use, as every azalea of this to Japan. type is simply called, "Kurume Azalea", I did not see a demonstration of flower­ regardless of colour, size or form. I had to go arrangement, but on this day the camellias in to Kurume, and here again I enjoyed similar the house were arranged in water, floating hospitality and invaluable assistance from Dr. like water-lilies. I use water-lilies this way TERUO TAMURA, Director of the Horti­ myself, but they are difficult flowers, closing cultural Research Station there. up in the late afternoon and requiring strong I spent six days in and around Kurume and light to open them again. Camellias might be it rained all the time. The "Land of the Rising better for this type of decoration. Sun" is in fact the "Land of the Falling Rain". Not far from Tokyo there was a most amazing They are so used to rain that they ignore it, market which extended for at least a thousand and when reporters and press photographers yards alongside a canal. Here nurserymen arrived I had to pose in the rain for them. brought their plants for sale and nothing else As I can use chopsticks I rashly accepted was sold there. There were small plants priced the offer of a Japanese meal without enquiring at one shilling and huge trees at £100, to what it would be. The meal turned out to be a which would be added the cost of handling gruesome combination of raw fish and raw and transport. There was an enormous orange­ octopus, and I had to eat it to avoid loss of flowered evergreen azalea in full flower, with face all round. a huge knarled and mossy trunk, which was Like Mr. WADA, Dr. TAMURA was inde­ claimed to be a thousand years old. Certainly fatigable in his efforts to show me everything it was the largest azalea I have ever seen and in the short time available. We visited all the must have weighed several tons. There were nurseries, of which there are many around many trees weighing several tons after most Kurume. But first we saw the garden of Mr. of the branches had been lopped off. This is ISIBASHI, the wealthiest man in Japan, and I the usual practice except with pine, podocarpus was greatly moved by the simplicity and tranquil and other evergreen plants. With these the harmony of this wonderful piece of landscape special shape is carefully preserved. They have gardening. The rain did not spoil our enjoyment splints or a timber framework to prevent as it would in a Western garden, indeed nothing damage to the branches, and the roots are can spoil a Japanese garden, neither the weather bound all over with ropes. The Japanese are nor the changes of season. The various mosses certainly the only people in the world who were like rich green velvet sparkling with jewels, would dig up a massive tree and take it to and the wet leaves and glistening rocks reflected market in the hope that some passer-by will every gleam of light as the music of the purchase it. waterfalls responded to the increasing flow of Mr. WADA astonished me by paying £25 water. for a rare white form of Rhododendron Next we visited the nursery of Mr. ANNO, metternichii. The truss was very poor, but he where I sawa large plant of Azalea "Kinshide", wanted it for breeding, as R. metternichii is which is the oldest known cultivated azalea in one of the few large-leafed species which the world. The flower resembles a small protea tolerate the oppressive heat of August in Japan. (leucospermum) and the name means "Gold I bought three azaleas very cheaply, and two Duster" (meaning a feather duster). It is the small plants of a rare and attractive conifer at only azalea which has nopetals. Dr. TAMURA a shilling (five pence) each. showed me a very old book, more than 300 Undou btedly the azaleas are the greatest years old, in which this remarkable azalea is glory of Japan, not the cherry trees which are clearly depicted. more famous. There is far more cherry blossom Azaleas were cheap around here, and at in Britain than in Japan. This differential will the nursery of Mr. NAKAHARA I bought increase in favour of Britain, because large some of the Wilson Fifty at a shilling (five numbers of flowering cherries are still being pence) each. Among other varieties, I liked 69 particularly 'Fuji No Asahi', which means and around Kyoto. The climate here is warmer "Sunrise on (snow-covered) Mount Fuji", a than in Britain, tree ferns just survive with a very good description. Mr. NAKAHARA was little help. Japanese gardens are completely a breeder and he had some glorious hybrids, different from any other kind of garden. They although many would not be hardy in the are designed with infinite skill and care to average climate of Britain. Kurume is in represent a landscape in miniature. Flowers Kyushu, the most southern of Japan's four do not enter into the scheme at all, and shrubs main islands, and the climate is warm enough such as azaleas are used only because they for the cultivation of oranges and bananas. I are evergreen and are part of the natural could not resist one very expensive seedling, landscape the garden represents. The main with very large flowers of white splashed with features are storm-twisted pine-trees, ancient orange. "Flickering Flames" would be an .rocks carefully transported without a scratch appropriate name for this beauty. Alas, it was to mar the patina of age, water reflections, stolen. evergreen shrubs, old hand-carved stone The once famous Akashi nursery, from which ornaments and velvet moss. Bridges and Wilson sent out his Fifty Kurume Azaleas stepping stones are not the shortest route nearly seventy years ago, is now very small, between two points as in the West, for the and they have none of these varieties now. Japanese prefer a detour and love to linger But they did have some old paintings of a few over the water. An interesting ex,ample Wilson varieties, and I made careful notes for is Kokedera, the Moss Garden at the Saihoji comprison, as I was assured that they were Temple, Kyoto. This large "strolling garden" exact as to colour, size and form. is entirely covered with more than sixty species All these nurserymen were horny-handed of soft, beautiful moss. I was fascinated by sons of the soil, but they always received me one scene, where a tall camellia tree with a in their simple houses with a polite dignity bare trunk had shed hundreds of single scarlet which impressed me greatly, and the women flowers with golden stamens, which were lying ceremoniously served tea and cakes. I drank on the carpet of rich green moss under the too many cups of tea as a result, but I sensed tree. that it would have been impolite to refuse. At Unlike other gardens, which are designed Mr. ADACHI'S house three different kinds of to stimulate, usually by means of planned tea were served and I was going to leave it the effects of colour, Japanese gardens are a place third time, but Mr. WADA whispered that for meditation and the contemplation of the this was a very special tea only produced for eternal verities. No Western mind can compre­ honoured guests, so I drank it. This tea had a hend how much is conveyed to the Japanese very high caffeine content, and this may be imagination by these gardens. Even the stones, why I remember that afternoon so vividly. which may number over a hundred, have each These who have seen Bonsai plants in Europe a special name and poetic significance. do not realise how beautiful are the best Bonsai, Some of the meaning we can comprehend which never leave Japan. The best I saw were because there is created an atmosphere of in Kurume. One sees a plant of, say, Azalea serenity which is so pure that it does provide 'Ima Shojo', twenty inches high, which has even for us a great emotional experience. been trained for two or three generations One of my favourites was the ancient garden until it is a perfect miniature of an ancient of the Katsura Detached Palace near Kyoto. spreading tree. The trunk, blackened with It is not open to the public, but if one wishes age, has spreading roots which writhe down to see this justly celebrated garden one can into a mound of moss like a venerable beech get a special permit from officials of the tree. Imperial Household. One very old gentleman I met, Mr. As I sat there quietly, my usual self conceit MOTOZONO, had a private collection of drained away, and was replaced by an unusual hundreds of Bonsai, everyone a superb work humility. I became acutely aware that we are of art. Many consisted of a beautiful rock as mortal as a flower petal, and that the rock representing a natural cliff or mountain, and water and trees will endure long after we complete with knarled and twisted pines, tiny are forgotten. And so, although I was iJplifted shrubs growing in fissures, and moss lining by the beauty all around me, and refreshed by irregular cracks to simulate low vegetation the sensation of serenity, I felt an infinite bordering mountain streams. sadness. The best and oldest gardens of Japan are in

70 Placing camellias in the garden

Le plantage des Cam6lias dans Ie jardin ______E_m_p....l_a_z_a_m_i_en_t_o_d_ec=amelia~ en el jardin Il situare Ie Camelie nelgiardino

DAVID TREHANE Truro. Cornwall, England

This article is based on limited experience destroyed by curly root restriction may shoot in England. Some of the camellias mentioned from ground level as late as midsummer. It is are probably obsolete in the countries from surprising how quickly a new symmetrical which they originate. To find out their ultimate bush is formed. But if the plant was grafted height and spread on their own roots would watch has to be kept for suckers from the be very difficult or impossible. Conversely, stock and they should be pulled, not cut out. some are so recent in origin that their final Grafted Plants. Grafting may alter the shape growth has not been seen and its pattern my of a bush, at least, when young. Weak spreading be different from that described. growers, like 'La Belle France' and 'Bokuhan', This is, perhaps, an admission of misleading when grafted on strong japonica stocks grow which is not intentional. The intention is to up as strong upright bushes. The original grafted stimulate greater attention to the way camellias plant of 'Joan Trehane', named in England by grow, to the structure of the plant, so that Les Jury, was markedly upright; on its own they can be fitted more cleverly into the right roots this camellia is a strong spreader needing space in relation to the dwelling, the garden, some early formative pruning. and other plants. It is a truism that attention is Sites. Increasingly, the modern scene for too much concentrated on the flower. If the camellias is urban. Old gracious London flower of. 'Mrs D. W. Davis', for example is gardens have less soot and smoke than in liked a plant is bought and given pride of former days and the central heating of houses place in the metre wide front border which it has given them a six degree advantage in will relentlessly fill rather like a cuckoo in a winter temperature over the provinces. warbler's nest. Generally there are high trees in the garden That the need for fuller information is long­ or the street outside to provide near perfect standing is exemplified by the many old conditions for camellias, granted some decent camellias planted no more than a metre away soil. And roof gardens flaunting camellias sprout from a path so that they end up as a row of among the disused chimneys. nearly bare stems topped by rather yellow Urban, suburban, and village-addendum tufts of leaves and flowers. More than one gardens get smaller, modern dwellings develop mansion in Cornwall has been burnt or fallen bulges and angles in surprising places, and derelict and of one at least the entrance drive fenestration changes. More gardens have small has become blocked by the camellias which platforms or terraces, misnamed patios by flanked it at seemingly proper distances from sellers of synthetic paving who also peddle its edge. the equally misnamed barbecue apparatus. Here is one comforting attribute of camellias, Camellias, originally native of the forests of the salvation of misguided planters. All is not China and Japan, fitted easily into the English lost if a camellia runs amok. Old bushes can park and large country garden, simply forming be cut back close to ground level, the cuts masses of evergreens. The shape and size of painted with a bituminous paint, and the stumps the individual plant mattered little. It requires will sprout into lively green bushes. The more skill to fit camellias into the crevices of temptation to cut at one or two metres from the concrete jungle. the ground, to avoid what appears to be Placing. The principal considerations are space, complete desolation, must be firmly resisted. climate, and the choice of variety to suit them. Not only is recovery slower but the new shoots Here are some measurements of camellias tlmd togrow nearest to the cuts so that lengths planted in the same area of a garden some of ugly bare stems remain below. fifteen years ago - 'Charles Michael' 3.64 A frosted camellia or one with its anchorage metres high and 4m wide : 'Charles Colbert'

71 3.64 m high by 2.2 m wide : 'Lady's Maid' pair of white camellias to flank steps or a vista 4 m high by 4 m wide: 'Phyl Doak' 2.25 m in a formal garden. 'Haku-raku-ten' is easy to high by 3.34 m wide: 'Mary Jobson' 3.34 m maintain as a pillar but the demand is as high by 3.64 m wide : 'Mary Larcom' 3.34 m much for the foliage as for the white flowers high by 2.74 m wide but less at ground level and then, surely, 'Janet Waterhouse' prevails 'Anticipation', three years younger, 2.89 m with its lovely dark shining leaves and more high by 1 m wide: 'Spring Festival', six years formal double flowers. old, 2.25 m high by .75 m wide. At the other extreme for low dark foliage The final spread of some of these, and most dripping over'a wall or down the side of steps other camellias, will be between four and six 'Taroan' (Yoibijin) has the right pendent growth. metres. It is fairly obvious that a narrow border 'Miss Universe' takes some beating as a formal requires a specially selected camellia to fit it. double white with a horizontal line and its late The established upright camellia, par flowers escape the worst frosts. excellence, with very little spread, is 'Anticipa­ If a column almost exactly 2V2 m wide up to tion'. Unpruned it will grow to four metres in 5 m high is wanted 'Donation' or 'Inspiration' height, or more, with a wideth of only one will fill the bill if in an open situation with meter and its twiggy growth provides a splendid plenty of sun. The sunnier and more open the succession of large rich deep pink or crimson situation the more stocky and dense the bush paeony flowers. This is the plant for the metre will be. 'Cornish Snow' in shade can be a wide border. In a wider space its vertical line ranging graceful shrub: in the sun it is a more will combine with the horizontal lines of 'Lady rounded mound of bronze foliage with a myriad Clare' or 'Taroan', on either side and slightly of white flowers from January to May. forward, to make a feature which will attract Walls. Most of the old japonica camellias attention. Where a reticulata camellia can be trained on walls outdoors are survivors from grown 'Lisa Gael' will grow a little narrower the period when camellias were only just losing than 'Anticipation', rather like the cherry 'Ama­ their reputation as stove plants. They were no-gawa'. trained between the windows and doors which Other camellias which maintain for many they now impede because, over the years, years, at least, strong vertical growth are they have grown outwards to carry a front.age 'Charles Colbert', 'Elsie Jury', 'Senorita', 'Joseph of foliage half a metre or more away from the Pfingstl', 'Tom Knudsen', 'Australis', 'Com" wall and this has to be clipped so tightly that mander Mulroy', 'Pearl Maxwell', 'Alexander the flowering is much reduced. Hunter', 'Cardinal's Cap', 'Lady Loch', 'Haku­ Among the newer camellias one or two raku-ten', 'EG. Waterhouse', 'Janet Waterhouse', have natural growth admirably suited for 'Free Style', 'Little Lavender' and 'Bob's Tinsie'. training on walls wired for the purpose either When three metres high some of these may with parallel single wires or sheep netting develop a tendency to spread. With a little fixed over the surface. encouragement in the way' of pruning the The finest is 'Francie L' (the spoken L always vertical line can be retained but, for this puzzles people!) which spreads out long purpose, only a single leader should be allowed. branches with leaders and laterals like a series 'E. G. Waterhouse' retains the form of the of fans to be tied to the wires and with its long Irish Yew without cutting, standing at about leaves looking just like an evergreen peach. 1V2 to 2 metres wide. This is a hybrid between C. saluenensis 'Apple The newcomer which appears to be most Blossom' and C. reticulata 'Buddha' with suitable as a single plant feature for open sites magnificent crimson rose semi-double flowers, and rather warm terraces is 'Spring Festival'. perfect in form, and plenty of them. The This is an unusual hybrid, between C. cuspidata finest specimen in the southwest covers the and C. japonica 'Sawada's Dream', with small, end wall, facing west, of Fernwood, the but charming, double pink flowers and some bungalow home of Mr. and Mrs. Holinrake in bronze in its foliage~ At 2.25 m high it still has Toadspit Lane near Ottery Sf. Mary in devon, the habit of a fastigiate juniper. It likes sun whose garden is open to the public under the and is very hardy, hardier than 'Anticipation'. National Gardens Scheme. It is a very promising camellia indeed. Planted 'Francie L' is only slightly less hardy than in a space a metre square or less between 'Leonard Messer, one of the hardiest of all paving stones on a terrace it will make a camellias. It will probably grow anywhere in striking feature. England on a west or south wall, according to In London particularlY,many people want a the locality, and on an east or north wall in

72 Cornwall. pink, and its foliage is dark and glossy. The same quality of flower, but in red, can 'Daintiness' is not a natural spreader but an be got from 'Grand Prix' which has an open open grower, easily trained, with characterful . habit and trains well on a wall but not so semi-double pink flowers. Camellias known easily as 'Francie L'. The best flower at one to succeed as free standing bushes in front of Royal Horticultural Society show in London north walls include 'Bow Bells', 'Donation', came from a south wall in Carshalton, Surrey. 'Inspiration', 'Debbie' and 'St. Ewe'. There The hardiness of the reticulata hybrid, must be many more. 'Royalty', is unknown. In theory it should be Requests for a white are frequent. If anyone pretty tough because its japonica parent is succeeds with 'Francis Hanger' or a white 'Clarise Carlton', early and reliable. 'Royalty', japonica against a north wall the writer will be too, has a type of growth, adapted for training glad to hear of it. Otherwise the choise is on walls, with fans of shoots inclined to curve limited as yet to 'Cornish Snow', the best behind the wires whereas 'Francie L"s stay landscape white and easily trained but with a flat. On a south wall 'Royalty' flaunts enormous fair amount of pruning needed each year. semi-double red flowers. East-facing walls are supposed to be Another reliable reticulata hybrid, 'Dr unsuitable for c.amellias. This is true if the Clifford Parks', has not the same habit but it wall is fully exposed to wind, frost, and morning does train easily on a wall as will many reticulata sun but east walls rarely are and, provided camellias. On a south wall it needs watering there is some form ·of screen - a fence, trees, and mulching well to get a full crop of its hedge, a next door house, - to break up the great rich red paeony flowers.. east winds and early sunshine east walls can The bleakest walls face north so it is natural be used. Probably the best Ceanothus 'Trewithen that most requests for advice are for camellias, Blue' in Cornwall is on the high east wall of a facing north, to cheer them up. The essential house by the sea near Falmouth and ceanothus point here is that the williamsii hybrids, with are more temperamental than camellias. The their compulsive propensity to make flower secret of success with ceanothus is to prune. buds, are the best for north walls. back hard to its base every shoot which has Here the question of winds and draughts flowered, the immediate moment that the main comes in. It helps to have a screen of trees or flowering is over. Equally the pruning of wall shrubs far enough away to break the wind but trained camellias is a job which must not be leave the north-facing wall getting all the light delayed. The young shoots hurry out among and air it can. Outbuildings, often to the north the last flowers. Flowering is on twiggy lateral of a house, will act as a screen but, if their stems. angles or passage-ways generate a draught West-facing walls are admirable and any camellias will show their disapproval in yellowing japonica camellia with a slender habit, such leaves, poor branching, and few good flowers. as 'Mattie Cole', 'Henry Turnbull', 'Jennifer The best camellia for general training on a Turnbull', 'Berenice Boddy' and 'C. M. Hovey' north wall is probably 'Elegant Beauty' which and the hybrids 'Rose Parade' and 'Water sends out long stems easily tied in. Its growth Lily' can be trained on such walls. The is not so well regulated as 'Francie L"s so that Sasanquas need extra warmth if they are to a fair amount of cutting out of laterals will be flower in England and such walls offer the necessary. Even so it buds so freely that a best hope of prolific and safe flowering during number of shoots will get left in until they the time of sharp autumn frosts. Although the have flowered and it is essential to be ruthless reticulata camellias like sun and warmth there and prune them back immediately after that are, curiously enough, good specimens of if the plant is to be kept back against the wall. 'William Hertrich', and others, growing and The flowers on a north wall may not be so big flowering well behind north walls in the south­ as in the open but they are later and last west of England. better and the whole plant looks bright for a There is a demand for dense rounded long time. evergreens to fill in and soften the angles The other williamsii hybrids adapted for between house and garden walls. For this the walls include 'Mary Phoebe Taylor' and camellias 'Freedom Bell', 'Hassaku', 'Laurie 'Daintiness' with 'J C Williams' as one more Bray', 'Ruddigore', 'Momijigari', 'Blue Danube' difficult to train. 'Mary Phoebe Taylor' is a and 'Cecile Brunazzi' spring to mind. These natrual spreader, bearing very large paeony may eventually if left unpruned develop more flowers in a very wholesome light shade of open growth but for many years their naturally 73 twiggy growths and their prolific flowering that insulation should be a routine job in the will slow down extension and present a dense autumn. Packing round tightly with straw, spread of flowers over a rounded bush. The bracken, sawdust, peat, or some similar insulator simple cutting off of protruding shoots each kept dry by a covering of polythene, polystyrene, winter helps. or hessian is almost sure to ensure a mild There are modem hybrids, such as 'Prudence', winter! But hard winters take no notice of 'Snippet', 'Baby Bear', which are naturally dwarf good intentions! but they are not hardy enough for general Nowadays a double-walled container with cultivation in England. an automatic heating element between the Cultivation. About threequarters of the queries, walls can be installed. about camellias with healthy growth but no The difficulty with containers is in finding a flowers, concern plants close to walls. Almost suitable compost. For many reasons a loam invariably the problem is water. In front of compost is desirable - stability, trace element south walls there is an excessive evaporation nutrition, ease of watering ~ but acid loam is loss from leaves and soil, derived from the rare in the compost trade, John Innes Compost extra reflected heat and the deflection of rain is unsuitable because it contains chalk, 1.1. 'A' by eaves. The other walls keep off a proportion composts, with sulphur in place of lime, are of rain, worst behind the north-facing wall. almost unknown. One ends up with a peat­ This can be counteracted initially by providing sand mix bought as 'Ericaceous Compost'. a decent compost, very rich in leafmould or Each spring the container should be topped moss-peat and by mulching heavily with up with this or a peat and pulverised bark pulverised fir-bark, plus sulphate of ammonia mixture with a long-lasting fertilizer. for nitrification, but in the end in almost every Hedges. Camellia hedges are most attractive year there comes a period when a thorough features of many Japanese, Portugese, and soaking with a: hose is necessary. The critical Spanish gardens. period for flower bud formation is between Any camellia, reasonably compact, can be July to October when a short period without used for hedging but, obviously, the use of a enough water can cause the buds to drop naturally dense twiggy variety will save some later. Never mind if rain water is not available. labour in clipping. Tiptoe is difficult to beat! If the soil is properly acid and organic any It has one drawback - being a second hardness in the water will be more than generation williamsii hybrid it does not drop cancelled out after the drought. its spent flowers; they have to be shaken or Use of Containers. The original imports from taken off. Planted 75 cms apart bushes will China must have conveyed the message that soon meet to form an impenetrable hedge, camellias flourished in pots and jars. Small furnished to the ground, reaching 1-5 m wonder that modem camellias are favourites high without any need for clipping. Another for ornamental urns and purpose-built stone good choice is 'Charles Colbert' which needs boxes in formal gardens in England. a little more snipping to keep it dense but it Some gardeners place camellias among the has the great advantage that its spent flowers assorted pots in their courtyards (patios), shatter and the petals drop. 'Free Style' has all Spanish style. Others use them in roof gardens. the characteristics ofa good hedger'. 'Blue With any containers above ground there Danube', 'Hassaku', 'Bob's Tinsie', 'Australis', are certain rules which must be obeyed if the 'Cardinal's Cap', 'Commander Mulroy', and catastrophes of 1978-9 and 1982 are not to 'Senorita' are useful too. recur. When clipping is necessary the time to do it The first is to cease feeding at the beginning is immediately after flowering and the golden of August to allow the plant to ripen for the rule, that a hedge should be wider at the winter. The second is to preventfrost penetrating bottom than at the top, applies to camellias as to and through the roots. Obviously the bigger much as it does to conifers. A hedge with the container the less the risk from frost but vertical sides will tend to go bare at the base. the arctic weather of last winter taught us that Sloping sides will be more likely to keep green no container on its own is proof against a and lively down to the ground. really hard frost. It also taught us not to say 'It The camellia is extraordinarily versatile. only happens once' which many growers said Coming from the thickets and forests of Asia in 1979, as they surveyed the corpses of their it has long proved adaptable to an urban camellia plants standing in open beds or plastic environment. Half the art of gardening is the tunnels without being plunged. The rule is fitting of the right variety into the right space. 74 INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA SOCIETY Financial Statements (Subject to Audit) Statement of Income and Expenditure - Year Ended 31st, December 1981

INCOME 1980 1981 $A $A 1981 Subscriptions (in Aust. currency) 419 France (F. Francs 2806) 405.46 125Italy (Lire 77000) 57.30 668 Asian Region (Yen 89013) 350.64 298 New Zealand (NZ $ 500) 370.80 47 South Africa (Rand 177) 166.15 1965 United Kingdom & Western Europe (£1059) 1955.27 1045 U.S.A. (US $ 2009) 1739.36 1166 Australia 1549.77 Spain (Ptas 17991) 163.56 5733 6758.31 201 Life Members Subscriptions 140.76 349 Advertising Income 472.05 690 Interest Received 811.61 535 Sale of Publications, index 132.22 228 Income from Sale of Ties 83.11 32 Donations 41.55 Reduction in funds held by Membership Reps. earned before current year 20.36 7768 8459.97

EXPENDITURE 1980 1981 $A $A

4535 Publication production 5620.00 787 Publication despatch 660.07 406 Postage, cables, freight & stationery 650.48 454 Printing of Index ' 1408 Membership Representatives' Expenses (including publication despatch) 1594.79 85 Transfer to Life Members' Amortisation Reserve 125 Donation to Eryldene Trust

7800 8525.34

(32) Surplus (Deficit) for year (65.37) 7768 8459.97

75 Assets and Liabilities as at 31st, December 1981 LIABILITIES ASSETS 1980 1981 1980 1981 $A $A $A $A 5449 Accumulated Funds as at 31st, December 1979 5417.16 6124 Credit Balances at Bank 6593.97 32 Less Deficit for year 65.37 5351.79 412 Interest accrued but not yet received 564.49 5417 Sundry Debtors 1943 Life Members 426 Life Members Amortisation Amortisation Reserve (Bank Account Reserve 2548.18 incl Interest) 443.02 396 Subscriptions paid 286.70 794 Su bscriptions Received 625.28 in Advance in Arrears Sundry Creditors/ Accrued Charges 40.09

7756 8226.76 7756 8226.76

K. R. MEALEY, Treasurer

By-Laws of the International Camellia Society as at 30 September, 1982 ARTICLE I - MEMBERS, MEMBERSHIP AND FEES: A. There shall be the following classes of members of the Society: 1. REGULAR MEMBERS. Persons who are interested in the purposes of the Society and who make an annual contribution to the Society, such contribution to be determined by the Directors from time to time. 2. LIFE MEMBERS. Persons who desire to contribute a sum equal to at least twenty times the current annual subscription, in lieu of any annual contributions. 3. HONORARY MEMBERS. The Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may bestow this title on any person who has furthered the purposes of this Society in some outstanding manner. Such Honorary Member shall be relieved of any requirement to make any monetary contribution to the Society. • B. RIGHTS OF MEMBERS. 1. Each member of the Society shall be entitled to cast one vote for the electrion of Directors and other officials in the manner hereinafter prescribed. 2. Each member shall be entitled to attend and participate in any annual or other meeting of the membership as may be called by the Directors.

ARTICLE II - DIRECTORS: A. NUMBER. 1. Apart from the duly elected officers, who shall be ex-officio members of the Board,

76 having the same powers, voting rights and'responsibilitiesas other members of the Board, members residing in each specified region shall elect their own Director or Directors in accord with the following numbers: UNITED KINGDOM 3 FRANCE 1 AMERICA 3 ITALY 1 AUSTRALIA 3 NEW ZEALAND 1 JAPAN/TAIWAN 2 PORTUGAL 1 AFRICA 1 SPAIN 1 OTHER REGIONS­ (different regions) 2 2. The number of the Board of Directors may be increased or decreased within the limits of the charter by majority vote of the Board of Directors. B. TERM. 1. The term of office of a member of the Board shall be three years or thereafter until a successor has been elected. 2. If any member of the Board dies, resigns or for other reasons ceases to be a member, the vacancy shall be filled by the remaining members of the Board for the unexpired ternl. C. POWER OF BOARD. 1. The Board of Directors shall regulate and supervise the management and operation of the Society. It shall attend to and manage all of the affairs of the Society, shall make such arrangements for carrying on the business of the Society as it deems best, and in addition to the powers by these By-Laws expressly conferred upon the Board, it may exercise all of the powers of the Corporate Society and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the charter or by these By-Laws required to be exercised or done by the members. 2.· A majority vote of the Board of Directors shall constitute a decision of the Board. 3. Because of the International aspect of the Society it is contemplated that practically all of the affairs of the Society shall be conducted by mail. Board of Directors meetings and decisions necessarily will have to be conducted by mail and the Board is hereby expressly authorised to promulgate such rules of procedure for presentation of policy and voting thereon as it deems expedient. D. Absence from a Meeting of Directors-in-person: When a meeting of the Board of Directors is called, a Director who cannot attend may nominate a proxy from his Country or Region to act in his stead. The Secretary must be advised in writing by the Director concerned prior to the commencement of the meeting. Acceptance shall be on the vote of those Directors present, with immediate effect.

ARTICLE III - PLACES OF BUSINESS, MEETINGS OF MEMBERS: A. The Society may have as many places of business and in such locations as its Boards of Directors deem required. B. It is not expected that it will be possible for members from every part of the world to gather at an Annual Meeting, but there may be periodical Regional Meetings of the Society, the time and place of such Regional Meetings to be fixed and notified to the President, the Secretary, and to all members resident in the region by the Regional Director or Directors.

ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS: A. The Officers of the Society shall be a Patron, a President, three Vice-Presidents, an Editor, a Secretary and a Treasurer. From time to time the Board may create such other offices as it may deem necessary. B. The President and Vice-Presidents of the Society shall be from members of the Society and shall be elected by the members every three years. Vacancies may be

77 filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the Board. Each Officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected and shall have qualified. A President may not hold office for more than two successive periods of three years, except for having filled a vacancy in the office for a preceding period of less than three years. C. The Secretary, Treasurer, Editor and Officers other than the President and Vice-Presidents shall be appointed by the Board of Directors, and shall serve for such length of time as the Boardof Directors determines. D. The duties of the Officers shall be such as usually attach to such offices, and in addition thereto, such further duties as may be designated or delegated to them from time to time by the Board. The Board of Directors shall be authorised to prescribe the amount of compensation for any Officer, or employee of the Society.

ARTICLE V - COMMITTEES: The Board of Directors may delegate such of its powers as deemed required to Officers of the Society or to any committee it may see fit to create.

ARTICLE VI: The Board shall promulgate such rules as may be deemed proper to permit this Society to affiliate with other Horticultural Societies, or other societies to affiliate with this Society.

ARTICLEVII - CONTRACTS, CHEQUES, DEPOSITS AND FUNDS: A. CONTRACTS: The Board of Directors may authorise any Officer or Officers, agent or agents of the Corporate Society, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporate Society and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. B. CHEQUES, DRAFTS, ETC.: All cheques, drafts and other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporate Society, shall be signed by such Officer or Officers, agent or agents of the Corporate Society and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. C. DEPOSITS: All funds of the Corporate Society shall be deposited to the credit of the Corporate Society in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may select. D. GIFTS: The Board of Directors may accept on behalf of the Corporate Society any contribution, gift, bequest or devise for the general purpose or for any special purpose of the Corporate Society. ARTICLE VIII - BOOKS AND RECORDS: The Corporate Society shall keep correct and complete books and records of account and shall also keep minutes of the proceedings of its members and Board of Directors, and shall keep at the registered or principal office a record giving the names and addresses of the members. All books and records of the Corporate Society may be inspected by any member, or his agent, or attorney for any proper purpose at any reasonable time.

ARTICLE IX: These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed and new By-Laws may be adopted by the members at an annual meeting or by a majority vote of the Board of Directors provided that at least thirty (30) days written notice is given to each member of the Board of the intention to alter, amend, or repeal or to adopt the new By~Laws at such meeting. 78 1982 I.e.S. MEMBERSHIP Life Ordinary Total Single Family Single Family Members Australia 5 2 145 49 252

Belgium 4 4

Canada 1 1

Channel Islands 6 24 15 40

China 2 2

Denmark 2 2

France 1 18 20 59 Germany 2 2

Hong Kong 1 1

Isle of Man 1 1 1

Italy 4 15 1 21

Japan 20 1 47 69

Korea 7 7

Malta 1 1

Netherlands 3 1 5

New Zealand 5 1 20 18 63

Portugal 1 1

Rep. of Ireland 1 6 3 13

Zimbabwe 1 1

South Africa 3 17 4 28

Spain 1 27 1 30 Switzerland 6 6

U.K. 14 191 35 277

U.S.A. 9 1 147 58 274 Total 72 6 686 195 1160 79 ICS Members'Subscription Rates and the representatives to whom payable It is very much regretted that, in line with worldwide inflation, it has been necessary to amend the subscription rates as shown below. The new rates will apply from 1st January,1983. Enclosed with this Journal is an envelope to facilitate the payment of your subscription. This innovation in 1981 proved of great help to the Society's Membership Representatives and, it is believed, to Members themselves. Thank you in anticipation of your continued co-operation. AFRICA (R 8.00, or Husband and Wife R 10.501 Mr. Leslie Riggall, Mdoni Road, Kloof, Natal 3600, South Africa AUSTRALIA (S 8.00, or Husband and Wife S 11.00) Mrs. Freddie Paton, 3 Redgum Avenue, Killara, N.S.W. 2071 Australia AMERICA (S 9.00, or Husband and Wife S 12.00) Mr. Thomas H. Perkins III, 405 Perkins Drive, Brookhaven Miss. 39601, U.S.A. ASIA IY 2000, or Husband and Wife Y 2700) 'Mr. Goro Iimme, 3-1-3 Kouyama Nerima-Ku, Tokyo, Japan FRANCE (50.00 Frs, or Husband and Wife 65.00 Frs) M. Claude Thoby, Route de Paris, B.P.3.,44470 Carquefou, France ITALY AND SWITZERLAND (Lire 10,000, or Husband and Wife L 13,000) Dr. Antonio Sevesi, Piazzale Cadorna 6, 20123 Milano, Italia NEW ZEALAND (S 10.000, or Husband and Wife S 13.00) Mr. Owen Moore, No.2 R.D., Wanganui, New Zealand PORTUGAL (E.600, or Husband and Wife E.800) Senora Clara Gil de Seabra, Praceta Prof, Egas Moniz, 167-4° esq, 4100 Porto, Portugal UNITED KINGDOM (£4.50, or Husband and Wife £6.001 Mr. H. John Tooby, "Acorns", Chapel Lane, Bransford, Worcester, WR6 5JG, England 'Lij'e Memberships available for an amount of at least twenty times that rate for annual subscriptions. Waterhouse hybrid wins R.H.S.Award of Merit

ERIC CRAIG Three camellias submitted as cultivars for helped to marshall assistance for the Professor's garden decoration by James Trehane & Sons project, and thus the relationship of master of Dorset, England, received the 1981 awards and student blossomed into one of friendship. for camellias made by the Council of the Royal In due course, believing that several of his Horticultural Society. 22 hybrids were sufficiently distinctive to warrant The awards, made on the recommendation registration, Professor Waterhouse made a gift of the society's Rhododndron and Camellia of one plant to his friend Bowen Bryant, and Committee, all went to Camellia X williamsii sought his permission to so name it. Mr Bryant hybrids: Debbie, raised by Les Jury of New had not seen the flower, but was honoured to Zealand, and 'Rose Parade', raised by Nuccio accept and plant the camellia that had simply Nurseries of U.S.A., were both Highly Com­ been identified until then as "number 10". The mended. The Award of Merit went to 'Bowen plant grew vigourously, and has flowered Bryant', one of the 22 seedlings raised by Pro­ profusely in the Bryant garden ever since; a fessor E. G. Waterhouse of Sydney, Australia, deep pink mid-season semi-double that does in 1946 from the one plant of c. saluenensis. well in the Australian sun - and also, I believe, Mr and Mrs Bowen Bryant still live in the in the English cold. beautiful Sydney garden suburb of Wahroonga, 'Bowen Bryant' was registered by the Aus­ not far from the Waterhouse home at 'Eryldene', tralian and New Zealand Camellia Society in Gordon. Bowen was an engineering student at 1957, as published in that society's Camellia the University of Sydney when Professor Annual of December 1957, page 7. Mr Bryant Waterhouse, who was professor of German, became a foundation member of the Inter­ undertook the beautification of the University national Camellia Society, and has now had 20 gardens. Being active in student affairs, he years' continuous membership.

80 - FITZHARDINGE, Mrs J. B., 18 Fox Valley Rd., Wahroonga MEMBERS of the International N.S.W.2076. ' FFRRANCIS, David, 57 Tavlor's Roael. MOllnt Maceelon. Vi~ .. l441 Camellia Society ASER. Mr& Mrs H. A, P.O. Box 565, Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. 2650. FREEMAN, Mrs K. Dewarne, "Far Hills', 18 Holborn Hill Rd., Aldgate, S.A. 5154. FREW, Mrs A. A., III Copeland Road, Beecroft, N.S.W. 2119. In the case of listing error or omission, please GALVIN, Mrs M. L., 293 Pnnces Highway, Sylvania,N.S.W. 2224. notify your Regional Membership Represent­ G1F19ING, Mr & Mrs R. D., 22 St Albans St., Mt Waverley, Vic. ative when renewing Membership for 1983. GARLING, Miss W., 22 St Albans St., Mt Waverley, Vic. 3149. GARNETT, Ray & Betty, 36 Hardinge St., Beaumans, Vic. 3193. GODDARD, MISS D. R.I., 25 Crane St., Springwood, N.S.W. 2777. *Life Members GOONAN, P. T., 5 Cotswold Road, Strathfield, N.S.W. 2135. AUSTRALIA GOULDING, P. D., 7/4Durham Close, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113. GRAY,Roger, 9 Hanover Ave., Eppin~. N.S.W. 2121. ABBOTT, Mr & Mrs K., 109 West Riverton Drive, Rossmoyne, HACKETT-JONES, Mrs F., 26 WakefIeld St., Kent Town, S.A. W.A.6155. 5067. ADAMSON, J., 180 Shaftesbury Av., Bedford, W.A. 6052. HALING, Mrs M. E., 8 West Street, South Casino, N.S.W. 2.470. ADCOCK, Mr & Mrs R. W., 36 Robert Road, West Pennant HALLORAN, Mr & Mrs John, 10 Bloomsbury Avenue, Pymble, Hills, N.S.W. 2120. N.S.W.2073. ADELAIDE BOTANIC GARDENS C/- The Librarian North HAMILTON, N. C., 8 Raleigh Crescent, St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. Terrace, Adelaide, S.A. 5000. ' , H1.t1~ETT, Mrs Michele, P.O.Box 366, Port Macquarie, N.S. W. ADLER, Edgar, 10 Woodlands Ave., Blakyhurst, N.S.W. 2221. - ALPEN. Mr & Mrs J. E., 42 Myola Rd, Newport Beach. N.S. W. HANCOCK, A. R., 4 Eton Road, Lindfield, N.S.W. 2070.. ANDERSON, W. C. 33 Powell St., Killara, N.S.W. 2071. HANRAN, Mrs J., 17 Chapman Avenue, Beecroft, N.S.W. 2119. ANDREWS, S. H., 11 Hills Ave., Epping, N.S.W. 2121. HARTLEY-SMITH. Mrs C., 7 Oaklands Avenue, Beecroft, ARMATI, P. M., 6 HighlandsAve., Gordon, N.S.W. 2012. N.S.W.2119. ARNOLD, Mrs J. W., 17 Bathurst St., Richmond, Tasmania 7025. HAYTER, Dr Ross, 690 Dean Street, Albury, N.S.W. 2640. ATKINSON, T. A., 6 Lansell Crescent, Camberwell, Vic. 3124. HAZLEWOOD. Mrs D., 19 Fernhill Avenue, Epping, N.S.W. AUSTRALIAN CAMELLIA RESEARCH SOCIETY, C/- The 2121. Librarian, 3 Pindari Av., St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. HENDERSON, R. E. A., "Truwalla", Merrion Terrace, Stirling, ADELAIDE HILLS BRANCH, C/- Hon. Sec. Mr Stan Loader, S.A.5152. 17 Leamington Rd., Aldgate, S.A. 5154. HOBBS, L. I., 92 King Street, Doncaster East, Vic. 3109. ADELAIDE PLAINS BRANCH, C/- Treasurer, 25 Park St., HOPE, Kathleen H., 17 Meath Ave., Taroona, Tasmania, 7006. Hyde Park, S.A. 5061. HUGHES, Mrs Crystal, P.O.Box 68, Casino, N.S.W. 2470. NSW FOUNDATION BRANCH, C/- J. L. Mitchell, 9 Orinoco HUME, Mr & Mrs G. V., 8 Reely St., Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. St., PYmble, N.S.W. 2073. HUTCHERSON, Mr & Mrs B. F., 56b Telegraph Road,.Pymble, ST GEORGE AND SUTHERLAND BRANCH, C/- B. Walker, N.S.W.2073. ­ 6 Taylor Close, Miranda, N.S.W. 2228. HUTCHINSON, G., 67 Blakesley Road, South Hurstville, N.S.W. TASMANIA BRANCH, C/- The Hon. Sec. 5 Swanston St 2221. Newtown, Tasmania, 7008. ., JACKSON, Mrs V., 11 Moore St., Glenbrook, N.S.W. 2773. VICTORIA BRANCH, C/- R. Straughan, 17 Cross St., Canter­ JAMES, Mr & Mrs T. C., 5 Billabong Ave., Turramurra; N.S.W. bury, Vic. 3126. 2074. WESTERN AUSTRALIAN BRANCH, C/- The Hon.Sec., 9 JESSEP, A. W., 29 AdelaideSt., Armadale, Vic. 3143. Gunbower Rd., Mount Pleasant, W.A. 6153. KEIGHTLEY, Mr & Mrs R. S., 13 Cooper Angus Grove, Wattle BACHMANN, Richard, 33 Watson Ave., Netley, S.A. 5037. Park, S.A. 5066. B~~-h~ET, Mr & Mrs J. G., 8 Mayfield Ave., Pymble, N.S.W. KERSHAW, Mrs 1.,40 Ray Road, Epping, N.S.W. 2121. KING, Mr & Mrs D. M., P.O. Box 674, Albury, N.S. W. 2640. BEATTIE, Sir Alexander, & Lady, 54 Burns Road, Wahroonga, Aldgate, S.A. 5154. N.S.W.2076. KNYVETT, Mrs Betty J., "Broombee", Leadville, N.S.W. 2854. BEEMAN, Mrs V. S., 29 Carnavon Road, Roseville, N.S.W. 2132. KNYVETT, G.G., 11 Araba St., Aranda, A.C.T. 2614. BERRIE, Mrs Pat, 14 Hamilton Parade, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. KOCH, O. L., 25 Park St., Hyde Park, S.A. 5061. B11f9~WELL, Miss Frances, Geelan's Road, Arcadia, N.S.W. LANE, Mrs V., I CraneSt., Springwood, 2777. LANG, Mr & Mrs F. H., Summerleaves, CrosslandsRoad, Galston, BLUMENTHAL, Mrs Beryl, 3 Pindari Ave., St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. N.S.W.2159. BLUMENTHAL, Cecil B., 3 Pindari Ave., St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. LEVICK, Mr & Mrs, 73 Roland Avenue, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. BLYTHE, Mr & Mrs D. J., Wee1arra, Carradine Road, Bedfordale, LE7';jJ~' Dr & Mrs R. A., 2 Mawhera Av., Sandy Bay, Tasmania, W.A.6112. BODDY, Mrs J. B., 1/1 Marian St., Killara, N.S.W. 2071. LI~:PsbCH, Mrs Lorna D., Rowland Flat, Barossa Valley, S.A. BOER, Mrs Eva, 6 Linden Crescent, Linden Park, S.A. 5065. BOND, Mrs Beth, 27 Cardinal Av., Beecroft, N.S.W. 2119. LINCOLN, Mrs John F., 30 Stanley Street, St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. BRAY, Mrs Thelma, Unit 8, 2a Nicholson St., Wollstonecraft, LIDDLE, Mrs Heather, 11 Evershed Street, Myaree, W. A. 6154. N.S.W.2065. LOTHIAN, T. R. N., P.O.Box 27a, Crafers, S.A. 5152. BRITTAIN, Mrs S. J., 20 Beagle St., Red Hill, A.C.T. 2603. LUCAS, R., 2 Maple St., Broadview, S.A. 5083. BROWN, Miss E. A., 9/10 Cavill St., Harbord, N.S.W. 2096. MACKAY, Mrs Ida, 108 Adderton Rd., Carlingford, N.S.W. 2118. BROWNE, Mrs c., 25 Ackland Ave., Stirling, S. A. 5152. M~O~~BOY, Stirling, 87 Undercliffe St., Neutral Bay, N.S.W. BRYANT, Bowen B., Water St., Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076. CAMPBELL, Mr & Mrs A. E., 3 Horace St., St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. MACPHERSON, James & Muriel, 21 Panorama Crescent, Mount CAMPBELL, Prof. Keith, 188 Beecroft Road, Cheltenham, Riverview, N.S.W. 2774. N.S.W.2119. MANN, Mr & Mrs P., 18 Monaro Crescent, Redhill, A.C.T. 2061. CASSIDY, Lady, 3/2 Aston Gardens, Bellevue·Hill, N.S.W. 2033. MANSON, Mrs J. J., 112 Roseville Avenue, Roseville, N.S.W. CHETTLE, Mrs W., 4 Exeter Road, Aldgate, S.A. 5154. 2069. CHURCHLAND, Harry, 32 Darnley St., Gordon, N.S.W. 2012. MARONEY, Mrs S., 12 River Rd., Greenwich, N.S. W. 2065. CLARK, Mr & Mrs S., Camellia Grove Nursery, Mona Vale Rd., MARSLAND, Mrs F. A., 9 Oakleigh Avenue, Taroona, Tasmania St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. 7006. CLARKE, Mrs M., 16 Binalong Road, West Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. MEALEY, Mr & Mrs K. R., 58 Laurence Street, Pennant Hills, CLIFTON, Mr & Mrs S., 70 Scott St., Vermont, Vic. 3133. N.S.W.2120. CLUBB, Mr & Mrs., 27 Raglan St., Mosman, N.S.W. 2088. MEASDAY, Mrs Iris, Godwins Nursery, 198 Baylis Street, Wagga COLEMAN, Mrs D. F., 21 Glenview Crescent, Hunters Hill, Wa~ga, N.S.W. 2650. N.S.W.2110. M~~~6: Mr & MrsR. R., 103 Carrington Road, Wahroonga, N.S.W. COWELL, Mr & Mrs., C. E., Terry Road, Camden, N.S.W. 2570. CRAIG, Mr & Mrs Eric D., 4 Lowther Park Ave., Warrawee, M~~~fR, Mr 1. W., 10Lipscombe Ave., Sandy Bay, Tasmania, N.S.W.2074. CURNOW, Mrs Enid, 14 Torrens St., Linden Park, S.A. 5065. MILLINGTON, Mrs Jean, Unit I, Hadley Wood, 578 Pacific DAVIS, Mr & Mrs G. R., 31 Renown St., Five Dock, N.S.W. 2046. Highwal' Killara, N.S.W. 2071. DEAN, Mrs H., "The Pines", 6 Kent Road, Aldgate, S.A. 5154. MITCHE L, Mr & Mrs Julien, 9 Orinoco St., Pymble, N.S.W. D 6'il.1ANN, H. K. C., 3a Carrington Road, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2073. 1 MOREY, DR B. R., 12Torquil Avenue, Carlingford, N.S.W. 2118. DETTMANN, J. F., 11 Stuart St., Longueville N.S.W.2066. MORGAN, Mrs A. T., Box 52, P.O., St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. -DULY, Peter L., 6a Buckingham St., Killara, ks.w. 2071. MOYES, Dr J. Murray, 3 Walpole Place, Wahroonga, N.S.W. ELLIOTT, C. L., 1259 Lower North East Road, Vista, S.A. 5091. 2076. EI:y~O~:T, Mrs Jean, 6 Fisher Ave., Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania MUMFORD, Mr Cedric, "Allambie" Moree, N.S.W. 2400. MUMFORD, Mrs M. E., 15 Hinemoa Ave., Wahroonga, N.S.W. EMMERSON, R. J., Inlet Road, Leongatha South, Vic. 3953. 2076. MURRAY, Mrs Barbara, 17 Ashmore Ave., Pymble, N.S.W ES2~~1.LE, Mrs Edith, 55 Warragal Road, Turramurra, N.S.W. 2073. . F~~fs~SON, McCONNELL, Mrs Lucy, 10 Redgum Ave., Killara, N.S.W. 2071 Mr & Mrs J., 15/40 Raglan St., Mosman, N.S.W. McGLYNN, Mrs M., 7 Orinoco St."Pvmble. N.S.W. 2073. .

81 McGREGOR, Mr & Mrs L!,slie, Sunhaven St., Beecroft, N.S.W. Wnn~RS, Dr & Mrs R. M., 10 Urquhart St., Hawthorn, Vic. 2119. 'McMINN, Neville, .Camellia Lod!!.e Nursery, 348-350 Princes WOODLAND, E. F., Three Bears Nursery, 72 Castle Hill Rd., Highwa)/, Noble Park, Vic. 3174. . West Pennant Hills, N.S.W. 2120. McNAUGHTON, Mr & Mrs Russell, 504 Sandy Bay Rd., Sandy WOODROW, Mrs Mary, "Innisfree", 62 Townsend Court, Bay, Tasmania 7005. Buderim Mountain, Qld, 4556. NEIL, Mrs Ena, 3 Table Top Road, Terrigal, N.S.W. 2260. WRIGHT, Mr & Mrs S., 5 Swanston St., Newtown, Tasmania 7008. NEWMAN, C. A., 51 Slade Street, Ba~swater, W.A. 6053. YOUNG, Mrs Mary, 48 Kooloona Crescent, West Pymble, N.S.W. NEWMAN, C. F. & Sons, P.O.Box 10, Tea Tree Gully, S.A. 5091. 2073. _ NEWPORT, A., 11 Wybalena Road, Hunters Hill, N.S.W. 2110. YOUNG, Mrs R. M., C/- School of Education, Macquarie NIELSEN, N. W., 22 Verd'ale Ave., Linden Park, S.A. 5065. University, Nth Ryde, N.S.W. 2113. NIXON, G. H., 1 Beechworth Rd., Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. YOUNG, Mrs Yvonne, 34 Rushall Street, Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. NOACK, Mrs N., 129 Jerang St., Indooripilly, Qld 4068. NORTH, Dr A. L., 24 Sublime Point Rd., Leura, N.S.W. 2781. BELGIUM O'SHEA, Mrs Desmond, M.B.E., 12 Drumalbyn Road, Bellevue Hill, N.S.W. 2023. AUQUARTIER LATIN, 88 Rue Charles Quint, &1080, Bruxelles. PATON, John & Freddie, 3 Redgum Ave., Killara, N.S.W. 2071. DE BISSCHOP, Roger, Beekstraat 175,9910 Gent-Mariakerke. PAYENS, Mr & Mrs PaulO., 7 Newlands Place, Baulkham Hills, REMS, Mme G., Beekstraat 10, "Camellia" De Bisschop, 9910 N.S.W.2153. Mariakerke-Gent. PEDLER, Dr John, 8 Carter St., Prospect, S.A. 5082. VAN HUYCK, MmeJ. A., Aarschotsteen 226, 3111 Wezemaal. PEEBLES, Mrs Dorothy, 1 Yosefa Avenue, Warrawee, N.S.W. 2074. CANADA PHELPS, B. F., 4 Gartrell Street Burnside, S.A. 5066. LIBRARY AGRICULTURE CANADA, Sir John Carling PIDD, Mrs D. E., 13 Napier St., Drummoyne, N.S.W. 2047. Building, Ottawa KIA DC5. PI~~j.E, Mr & Mrs C. R., 1 Parker Ave., West Pymble, N.S.W. CHANNEL ISLANDS PIERSON, T. E., P.O.Box 177, Hurstville, N.S.W. 2220. POWER, Mrs J. E. S., 42 Eastern Road, Turramurra, N.S.W. 2074. 'ALLAN, Joh R, "La Petite Seigneurie'" SI. Pierre du Bois, P~IJ'1>{LE, Mrs B. E., 4 Red Chapel Ave., Sandy Bay, Tasmania Guernsey. BONN, Mr & Mrs M. W., Oaklands, St. Peter, Jersey. RAY, Miss L., 140 Ray Road, EjJping, N.S.W. 2121. BREHAUT, Mrs D. I., "La Canurie", Collings Rd., St. Peter Port, REID, Mr & Mrs J. B., 372 Old Northern Road, Castle Hill, Guernsey. N.S.W.2154. COOK, Lady, Le Coin, La Haule, SI. Aubin, Jersey. RIDDELL, Peter, 109 Rae Crescent, Kotara South, N.S.W. 2288. CRADOCK, Mrs P. N. S., Villa Theoule, La Hurette Lane, St. RIDDLE, Mr & Mrs J. G., 17 Church St., Pymble, N.S.W. 2073. Martin, Guernsey. ROBERTS, Mr &MrsJohn, 17a EulbertieAv., Warrawee,N.S.W. CRIPPS, M. W. P., Le Profond Val, La Coudre, SI. Peter in the 2074. Wood,Guernsey. Rq~i9.Mr & Mrs B. A., 7 La Boheme Ave., Caringbah, N.S.W. DE VEULLE, Mrs B. J., Cote du Mont, Gorey; Jersey. EASTICK, Mr & Mrs B. C. D., Cartref, Bon Air Lane, St. Saviour, RUCKERT, Theo C., 41 Hawker Crescent, Elizabeth East, S.A. Jersey. 5112. HALL, Mrs H. E., No.1 Clos de la Bruyere, CarrefourSelous, SAVAGE, Mr & Mrs Alan F., 9 Gunbower Road, Mt Pleasant, St. Lawrence, Jersey. W.A.6153. JAMISON, Dr & Mrs D., Les Fontenelles, Forest, Guernsey. SAVELL, Robert, 34 Marieba Road, Kenthurst, N.S.W. 2154. JERSEY, The Earl of, Radier Manor, Longueville, Jersey. S"i¥J~E, Mr & Mrs T. J., Hawksview Rd., Wirlinga, N.S.W. JESSON, Mr & Mrs R. J., Clair Val, Gorey, Jersey. LE FEVRE, Mr & ·Mrs F. J., 'Laburnum', The Queens Road, SILVESTER, Miss Karen, "Temps Perdu", Old Bell's Line Of St. Peter Port, Guernsey. Road, Mt Tomah, via Bilpin, N.S.W. 2758. LEMPRIERE-ROBlN, Mrs S., Rosel Manor, Jersey. SIMON, Mrs Helen, 27a Russell Ave., Wahroonlila, N.S.W. 2076. LLEWELLYN, Mrs Morag, Holmwood, Park Estate, St. Brelade, SIMPSON, Mrs P., 56 Fairfax Road, Bellevue H'll, N.S.W. 2023. Jersey. SMITH, Mr B. H., 32 North Arm Road, Middle Cove, N.S.W. LONG. Mrs Mar~aret L.. Ozarda, St. John, Jersey. 2068. 'LORT-PHILLIPS, Mrs S., Quay House, Gorey Jersey. SMITH, Greg, 28 Greendale Ave., St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. LORT-PHILLIPS, Mrs V., La Colline, Gorey, Jersey. SPRAGG, Mrs Alice, 15 Linden St., Sutherland, N.S.W. 2232. MACDONALD. Mrs Jane; Highland, St. Lawrenc,Jersey. ST. ALBAN'S (EPPING) GARDEN LOVERS' CLUB, C/- J. MACKINNON, Mrs D. S., Oaklands, Trinity Hill, Jersey. . Mathews. 14 Kent St., Eeping. N.S.W. 2119. , MESNY, Mrs Alan, Le Port a la Jument, Sark, via Guernsey. STEELE, L. R. 6 Llewellyn Terrace, Hawthorn, S.A 5062. , NAIRN, Frank R., Castle Carey, Guernsey. STOREY, Mrs J., 4 Redgum Ave., Killara, N.S.W. 2071 OBBARD, Mrs E. C., Samares Manor, St. Clements, Jersey. STRAUGHAN, Mr & Mrs R., 17 Cross Street, Canterbury, Vic. PADDOCK, Mrs D. J. F. 8., La Haule Court, St. Aubin, Jersey. 3126. PARKER, Southcombe, Le Camelia, Fort Rd., St Peter Port, STRETCH, MrsS. A., "Girrawheen", Uralba St., Lismore, N.S.W. Guernsey. 2480. PERREE, Francis, The Oaks, St. Peter, Jersey. SUTHONS, H. C., 33 Bay St.. Mosman, N.S.W. 2088. PLATT, Mrs V. N. H., Anneville Lodge, Archirondel. St Martins, 'SWANE, Miss Valerie, Swane's Nursery; Galston Road, Dural, Jersey. N.S.W.2158. . PRESCOTT, Mrs C. J., La Rosiere, St. Clements, Jersey. SWANSON, N. J., 43 Wellington Road, East Lindfield, N.S.W. REYNOLDS, Mrs M. G., Westward, La Marquanderie, St. 2070. Brelade. Jersey. SWINBOURNE, Alan, 49 Broughton Rd. Homebush, N.S.W. 2140. ROXBURGH, Air Vice Marshal, H. L. .. lIAudeville,. St. Anns. TEESE. Mr A l, 25 Moores Road, Monbulk; Vic. 3793. Alderney. THOMAS, Mrs M., 2. Heights Crescent, Middle Cove. N.S.W. 'SM1TH Mrs Marion, Sunfield, Rue du Bocage, Le Coin, St 2068. Brelade, Jersey. 'TORRISI,)'vk &. Mrs S. l,.110 Albert Rd, Strathfield, N.S.W. SWARBRICK, Mrs L., Villa Millbrook, Rue de Haut, StLawrence, 2135. Jersey. 'TALBOT-ROBERTS, Mrs M., 2 Douro Terrace, St Helier, TRENOUTH, G., 51 Sutherland St., Paddington, N.S.W. 2021. Jersey. TRIGG. Mr & Mrs F. E., 8 Yosefa Ave., Warrawee, N.S.W. 2074. THORBURN, George, Paumauvin, Les Essards, St Sampsons, UTICK, E., 37 Matson Crescent, Miranda, N.S.W. 2228. Guernsey. WALTON, C. F., 136 Mona Vale Rd, St Ives, N.S.W. 2075. WILSEY. Mrs B. S. F., La Genee, St John, Jersey. WARMERDAM, Mr & Mrs Hubertus, P.O.Box 41, Pennant Hills, WIMBORNE, The Dowager Viscountess, Rozel, Mr Durand, N.S.W.2120. St Peter Port, Guernsey. WATERHOUSE, Mr & Mrs Gordon, P.O.Box 2, Kurrajon~ Heights, N.S.W. 2758. WATERHOUSE, Prof. & Mrs lan, 107 Hunter Avenue, St Ives, N.S.W.2075. DENMARK WATERHOUSE, Mr & Mrs JohnT., 10 Lovering Place, Newport PETERSEN, Michael B., Smakkegaardsvej 15,2820 Gentofte. Beach, N.S.W. 2106. REITZELS, C. A, Booksellers Ltd., Norregade 20. OK 1165 Wt01~INS, S. B., 9 Sir Samuel Griffith Drive, Toowong, Qld Copenhagen K. WATSON, Mrs M., P.O.Box 141, Balmain, N.S.W. 2041. GERMANY WEBBER, L. C., 6 Grandview Parade, Epping, N.S.w. 2121. WEEKES, Mrs Anne C., 5 Vale St., Gordon, N.S.w. 2072. FISCHER, Peter, 2177 Wingst, Hoden 16. WESTBROOK, Morton, 16 Bobbin Head Road, Pymble, N.S.W. KEHL, Dr Siegfried, Berkersheimer Untergasse 9, 0-6 Frankfurt 2073.. am Main 50. 'WIGGINS, Barry R., P.O.Box 18, Cranbrooks, W.A. 6321. WILLIAMS, Mrs E. A., 18 Kissing Point Rd, Turramurra, N.S.W. REPUBLIC OF IRELAND 2074. DOWDALL, Mr & Mrs Thomas F., Dunsland, Glanmire, Co. WILSON, Mrs E. J., 24 Lyndhurst Crescent, Hunters Hill, N.S.W. Cork. 2110. HADWICK, Mrs D. R., Cappagh House, Kinsale, Co. Cork. W~T~?N, Mrs G. T.; 1281 Albany Highway, Cannington, W.A. HURLEY, Dr Pierse J., "Balcraggan", Ballinclea Rd., Killiney, Co. Dublin.

82 MULHALL, Mr & Mrs Brendan P., 85 Kinvara Rd., Navan Rd., HEAD. Mr B. Coo 8 Moa Street, Lower Hutt. Dublin 7. HEALY, Mr & Mrs T. G., 188 }Vicksteed Street, Wanganui. O'DONOGHUE, Bernard, Gate Lodge, Dunsland, Glanmire, Co. HENDERSON, Dr D. J., 67 Tilby' Drive, Matua, Tauranga. Cork. , HUDSON, Mr J. M., Gwavas, Tlkokino, Hawke's Bay. ROBINSON, Miss D" Riversdale, Glounthaune. Co. Cork. JOHNSON, Mr C. F., 1 Virginia Heights, Wanganui. 'ROSSE, The Countess of, Birr Castle, Offaly. JURY, Mr & Mrs L. E., 263 Smart Road, No 2 R.D., New Ply­ ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF IRELAND, Thomas mouth. ' Prior House, Merrion Rd., Dublin 4. KILGOUR, Mr & Mrs B. J., 110 Maxwell Road, Blenheim. WALKER, Mr & Mrs P. R., Balgara, Sandyford, Co. Dublin. LOMAX, Mr & Mrs W., 39 George Point Road, Onerahi, WALKER, Mrs S. P., Fernhill, Sandyford, Co. Dublin. Whangarei. MACDONALD, Mr & Mrs R. J. No.3 R.D. Waiuku.· ISLE OF MAN MACKAY. Mr & Mrs P. Roo SO Fitzherbert Avenue, Wanganui. 'WIGHT, Dr W., Greeba House, StGeorges'Crescent, Port Erin. MILLAR, Mr & Mrs J. H., 17 Redwood Grove, Palme'rston North. MOORE, Mr Owen, 'Aird', No 2 R.D., Wanganui. MALTA NELSON, Mrs R. B., 'Castlegrace', No 1 R.D" Katikati. 'NEW ZEALAND CAMELLIA SOCIETY, C/o The National GAUCI, S., The General Trading Co. Ltd., 303 Republic St., Librarian, National Library of New Zealand, Private Bag, Valetta. Wellington. PATTERSON, Mr & Mrs H. M., 2/300 East Coast Road, Forrest NETHERLANDS Hill. Auckland 9. COUTINHO-FRENSDORF, Mrs L., Ceintuur baan 207, 1402 'PETERSON, Mr G., 72 Pakiatua Street, Palmerston North. HH Bussum. RAYNER, Mrs Wynne, No-21 R.D., Cardiff, Stratford. LEMMENS, Mr & Mrs A. C., Koningsvaren 27, Valkens",aard. ROLFE, Mr & Mrs J. N., 25 Howell Street, Hamilton. SPRENKELS, Dr A. J. J., Mauritsstraat 109, 3583 H.M,Utrecht. ROLSTON, Mr &Mrs M., Lindsay Road, Levin. UNIVERSITY BOTANIC GARDEN, Nonnensteeg 3, 2311 V J VEAL, Mrs K. J., 9 Gray Crescent, Torbay, Auckland 10. Leiden. WALLIS, Mr C. J., 28 Solway Crescent, Masterton. WALLIS, Mr G. W. o P.O.Box 1200!,.Bechenham, Christchurch. PORTUGAL 'wAirREN, MrR. 8., P.O.Box 158, vvhangarei. ' WARSAW, Mr J. L., 7 Raine Street, Wanganui. 'BLANDY, Mrs Mildred, Blandv Brothers and Co. Ltd., P.O. YEOMAN, Mr & Mrs G. R., No 1 R.D., Whakatane. Box 408, i'unchal, Maddra. ' ITALY SOUTH AFRICA ABBATE VLADIMIRO, via Renella 88, 8110 Caserta. BARLOW, Mrs P., Rustenberg, P.O.Box 158, Stellenbosch 7600. BARNI VITTORIO, via Autostrada 5, 51100 Pistoia. BARLOW, Mr & Mrs T., Vergelegen, Somerset West, 7130. BARRAS, Mrs R., Post Office Hilton, 3245. ITALY BENJAMIN, Mr A. M., Boscobel Nurseries, P.O.Box 55, Haerrert­ sburg 0730. ABATTEWLADIMIRP, via Renell", 88, 8110 Casert", BOHMER, Mr & Mrs R., 27 Knoll Road, Westville 3630. BARNI, Vittorio, via Autostrada 5, 51100 Pistoia. BURGESS, Mr Eric, 89 Broad Street, Durban 4001. CARMINE, Carlo, via Guido Cavalcanti 26, 20099 Sesto san CLARK, Mr Victor, 60 Main Road, Hillcrest 3600. ' Giovanni. FANN, Mrs Noele, P.O.Box 259, St. Michaels-on-Sea, 4265. CARAFFINI, Prof. Bruno, via Mazzini 12,28041 Arona. FRASER, Miss U. R., 108 Dorp Street, Stellenbosch, 7600. COGGlATTI, Dott. comm Stelvio, viale 4 Venti 252, 00152 Roma. GREEN, Mrs M. F., Appletree Flower Farm, P.O.Box 20, COMALINEI, Dott., alessandro, 22010 Cardazzo. Richmond 3780. FIOCCHI BRUSTIO, Mrs Silvia, La Motta, 21028 Monate. KING, Mr Derek, Dunrobin Nurseries, Bothas Hill, Natal. GARDEN CLUB LARIANO, via Borromeo 3,22049 Valmadrera LEITCH, Mrs E., P.O.Box 25, Melmoth 3835. GIORGETTA arch.' Franco, via Fiori Oscuri, 20121 Milano. NASH, Mr Herbert E., 11 St. Joan's Road, Plumstead 7800. GIUSTI, Danilo, via Opifici 1, 28062 Cannobio. PATERSON-JONES, Dr Joseph C, 37 Orchard Street, Newlands JASONI, Mrs-Martini Eugenia, via Valdrighi 19,41000 Modena. 7700. MOTTl, Dott. Giuseppe, 22015 Gravedona. PODMORE, Mrs M. H., 4 Longwood Road, Kloof, 3600. PIACENZA" Dott. GUIdo" Mini Arboretum, 13057 Pollone. RElM, Mrs P., 71 Manor Drive, Durban 4001. PIFFARETTI, Giovanni, via Privata 21014 Cerro di Leveno, 'RIGGALL, Mr Leslie, Fern Valley, Igwababa Road, Kloof 3OOU. Mombello. 'RIGGALL, Mrs Gladys, Fern Valley., Igwababa Road, Kloof ROLANDO, Ettore e Vittoria, Viale Carnaro 8, 00141 Roma. 3600. RONCHI, Giulia viz Nazario Sauro 4, 20124 Milano. 'ROURKE, Dr John P" Compton herbarium, Kirstenbosch. SEVESI, Dott. Ing. Antonio, Piazzale Cadorna 6, 21123 Milano. Claremont 7735. SOCIETA ITALIANA DELLA CAMELIA, 28051 Cannero SCHOFIELD, Mr Trevor, W., Wiverton, Byrne, P.O.Box 102, Riviera. Richmond, 3780. TERRANOVA" Luigi, via Alfonso Cossa 29, 20138 Milano. SMITH, Mrs Doris M., "Lasquiti" Farm, P.O.Box 8, Mid Illovo WALTON, The Lady, La Mortella, 80075 Forio d'lschia, Napoli. 3750. TARR, Mr Brian, c/o Botanical Gardens, 2 Swartkop Road, SWITZERLAND Pietermaritzburg. . BRETTON, J. T., 51 Route Du Bois Des Freres, 1219 Le Lignon, TREGENZA, Mr & Mrs K., P.O.Box 279, Gillitts 3603. Geneve. VAN BERGEN, Mr& Mrs Jan, Boskoop Nursery, P.O.Box 20076, CARONI, Mary, via Solaria, 11 Ch 6648, Minusio. Alkantrant 0005. CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUE BIBLIOTHPr QUE. CASE POSTALE 60, CH. 1292, Chancresy. ZIMBABWE SMITHERS, Sir Peter, Ch6911, Vico, Morcote. ·SOFFE. Mrs O. R., Murambi House, 1 StortfordAvenue, Umtali. TRECHSLIN, Anne Marie, Huberstraas 2, CH 3008, Berne. W ADIA, Neville, Casa Fieole, CH. 6922, Morcote. HONG KONG RUDGE, A., China Garden (Pla'nts) Ltd, Room 704, Wing on Life Building, 22A Des Voeux Road, Central. NEW ZEALAND PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ALDRIDGE, Mrs Dorothy, Bellbird Orchard, No. 3R.D., Te Puke. HAW, S. G., Liu xuesheng lou, Shandong Daxue, Jinan, Shand'Cmg. BAMBERY, Ray, 348 Maungatapu Road, Tauranga. DIRECTOR and STAFF, Kunming Botanical Institute, Kunming, BARRY, Roly, 51 West End, Ohope. Yunnan Province, China. BERG, Mrs Ida, P.O.Box 269, Whakatane. BISCHOFF, Mr & Mrs C. R., 'Puketui', No.1 R.D., Waiuku. JAPAN 'CAVE, Mr & Mrs H. 8., 'Seafield', No.4 R.D. Wanganui. ABIRU, Jin,2-1627,Myoken-cho, Choshi 288. CHESSWAS, Mr & Mrs A. E., 24 Virginia Road, WanganuL ADACHI, Naoyoshi, 2-15, Kiyomigaoka, Maizuru 624. 'CLARK, Mr H. Jack, 10004A New North Road~ Mr Albert, 'ANDOH, Mr & Mrs Yoshiaki, 1-9-11, Yawata'cho, Nada· Auckland. ku, Kobe 657. CLERE, Mr and Mrs R. H., 8 Chesham Avenue, Taupo. ARITAKI, Tatsuo, 8-26, Naka-machi, Koshigaya343. 'DURRANT, Colonel T., 119 Kawaha Point Road, Roturua 'FUJIKAKA, Yoichiro, 1-378, Aioi-cho, Kiryu 376. DUXFIELD, Mr & Mrs S. K., 61 Eaton Crescent, Tauranga. 'FUKUMITSU, Dr leyoshi, 2-3-17, lzumigaoka, Tarumi­ FOGARTY, Dr and Mrs P. 1., 'Villa Redwood', 5 Fyffe Street, ku, Kobe 655. Blenheim. FUNAKI, Masanao, 1348, Oaza Kume, Mikumo-mura, Isshi­ GALPIN, Mr G. S., 2 St Leonard Street, Wanganui. gun, Mie 515-21. GAMLIN, Mr & Mrs A. P., Lower Glenn Road, No 27 R.D., FUNAKI, Shiro, 1-25-26, Kyonan-cho, Musashino 180. Manaia. HAGIYA, Dr Kaoru, 2-10-52, Nishikobaridai, Niigata GOODWIN, Mr J. W., 62B Brois Street, New Plymouth. 950-21. HALL, Mrs Rachael, 'Broadwater', No 2 R.D., Motueka. HAKODA, Naotoshi, 4-3-23-3-301, Takaido-higashi, HANSEN, Mr & Mrs J. A., 275 Te Moana Road, Waikanae. Suginami-ku, Tokyo 168. HAWKEN, Mrs O. B., 12 Tasman Views, St Johns Hill, Wanganui. ·H~~~~.' HAYDON, Mr Neville, G., Camellia Haven, P.O.Box 38478, Hideo, Jitosho, Isotake-cho, Ohda-shi, Shimane, Howick. 83 'HIMURO, SHoji, 3-2-41, Minami, Higashi-Kaigan, Chigasaki KIM, Un Cho, President Korean Horticultural Society, CPO 253;'" Box 8763, Seoul. HIRAO, Dr Shuichi, 3-14-23, Yamanone, Zushi 249. LEE, Dae Kun, 80 3- Ka Bosso Dong, Jing Ku, Busan, 'HIRATSUKA, Taizo, 3-11, Shin-Yashiki, Kumamot0862~ LEE, Jong Soo, Kyungnam Kongjun College, 167 Jure Dong, HIROTA/Shin, 2-39-4, Daiwa Higashi, Kawanishishi, Hyogo Busan 601, Korea. 666-01. PARK, Jung Ki, Agricultrual College, Donga University, Busan. ICHINOSE, Kensaku, 8-34, Asahigaoka, Ashiya 659. YOON, Chu-Yung, 390-5, Daibong-dong, Kwanak-Koo, Seoul. IIMURE, Gorp, 3-1-13, Kovama, Nerima-ku, Tokyo 176. IKAWA, Yoshimi, 3-18 Okita-cho, Kishiwada 596. SPAIN "INgUE, Shosaku, 3-18, Kumoi-cho, Nishinomiya 662. ADRAN GOAS, Jose Manuel, Santiago de Chile24-5°, Santiago 'IN UU, Toshiaki, 9, Kami-Tatsuda, Tatsuda-machi, Kumamoto de Comoost. La Coruna. 862. ALVAR EZ Cascos, Jaime, Herreros de Tejada 8, Madrid 8. 'IRIYAMA, Dr Kenzo, 718 Yu, Yamada-Mura,. Nei-Gun, ARANDA, Marquesa Vuida de, pazo de Rtibianes, viilagarcia de Toyama-Ken 930-21. Arosa, Pontevedra. 'ISHIBASHI, Hiroaki, 4-11-15, Sakuragoaka, Setagaya-ku, ARMADA Comyn, Alfonso, Santa Cruz de Marcenado 2, Madrid Tokyo 156. 8. ISHIKAW A, Kiyoshi, 4-4-21, Yagumo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 'ARMADA Diez de Rivera, Juan, Santa Cruz de Rivadulla, . 152. Santiago de Compostela - La <;:orufia. IZU OSHIMA HAWAII BOTANICAL GARDEN, 670, Aza BADIA, Nicolas, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Agrarias, NoH, Motomachi, Oshima, Tokvo 100-,-01. Mabegondo, Apartado 10, La Corufia, 'KATAYAMA, Sadayuki, 571, Kinobe-cho, Ikeda 563. CURT Fernandez de la Mora, Dolores, Jardin al Mar, Poyo, 'KIMURA, Toshio, 204, Maison Koishikawa, 5-10-17 Koishikwa, Pontevedra. Bunkvo- ku, Tokyo 112./ GIL, Gonzalez de Careaga, Juan, Mr & Mrs, Teresa Herrera 3, KIRYU, Dr Hiromitsu, 5-14-25, Chihaya, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka La Corufia. 813. GIMSON, Robert M., La Saleta, San Vicente de Nogueira, KINOUCHI, Seiji, 10-4, Minami-cho, Niitsu-shi, Niigata 956. Meis, Pontevedra. KOJIMA, Toru, 4-1-1, Takao-dori, Nada-ku, Kobe 657. HERNANDEZ, Oteru 'MATSUI, Shigeru, 1-22-7, Akatsutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo ITURRIA, Maria Eugenia, Torres Agrelo, Redondela, Ponte­ 156. vedra, MITA, Chuji, 4-619-7, Arita, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka814. LAGO Carballal, Salvador, Playa de Beluso, Bueu, Pontevedra. MORI, Kunio, 1-9-1, Ichimon-bashi, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto LAGO SILVEIRA, Julio, Marques de Valladares 32, Vigo, 617. Pontevedra. MUNAKATA, Itsuro, 1-15-29, Yamate, Hibarigaoka, LARROSA Vila, Gonzalo, Francisco Llorens 2, Oleiros, La Takarazuka 665. Corufia. MURAYAMA, Professor Futoshi; 1-359, Ezu-cho, Kumamoto LA TOJA S.A., EI Grove, Pontevedra. 862. .. MANCINEIRA Lage, Jose Diego, Torre de Lama, Ribera del NAGAO, Mrs Ryo, 6-11 Ishu!'ma,Koto-ku, Tok~o 135. Sor, La Corufia. NAGAOKA, Shlgeo, 7409-17, Ikuta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214. MISIONEROS DE ENFERMOS POBRES, Avda;de Galicia 192 NAITO, Shigeo, 188-58, Mizutamari, Oshima, Tokyo 100-01. V igo, Pontevedra. NOGUCHI, Yoshihiro, Enmei-ji, Matama-cho. Nishi-Kunizaki­ ODRIOZOLA Pietas, Antonio, Av. M. Vallina, Pontevedra. gun, Oita 872-11. PINEIRO Lago, Ma del Carmen Fatima, Jose Antonio 7-3° OGAWA, Takeo, 31, Kazamachi, Motomachi, Oshima, Tokyo Villagarcia de Arosa, Pontevedra. 100-01. . PINEIRO Lago, Pedro Miguel, Jose Antonio 7-3°, Viilagarcia 'OHARA, Kinji, 54 Nanjo, Tateyama 294. de Arosa, Pontevedra. 'OHTA, Tsuguo, ChinJu-en, 72, Urakawachi, Matsuhashi-cho, PITA MON, Mercedes, Blanco Porto 6-3°C, Pontevedra. Shimo-Masuki-gun, Kumamoto 869-05. RIVERO DE AGUILARSobrino, Felipe, Mr & Mrs, Santiago 'OHTOMO, Mrs Sachiko, Mi~amae, Yawata-cho, Toyokawa, de Chile 7, Santiago de Comj:lostela, La Corufia. 442. RODILLA del Barrio, Manuel, Urbanizacion el Pinar, El Carbailo­ OKA, Mrs Sumiko, 1-2, Numa-machi, Kishiwada596. Oleiros, La Corufia. OKADA, Hiromu, 1-3-15, Seiiku, Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536. SALA, Carlos, Jardin de Sala,. Marques de Ahumada 13, Madrid 'OKADA, Toshiro, Oshima-tsubaki-hompo, 128, Nishi-asakawa­ 28. cho, Hachioji 193. SALES-COVELO Garcia, Francisco de, Avenida de Samil 74, OKUNO, Miss Saeko, 2-7-10, Noda-machi, Kishiwada 596. Vigo, Ponievedra. OTSUKI, Minoru, C/- Tokai Kisen, 1-18-3, Motomachi, SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE HORTICULTURA, Arrieta 7, Oshima, Tokyo 100-01. Madrid 13. OYABU, Shigetoshi, Kumamoto City Office, The Economic SOTA, Maria· Teresa de la, Conde degondomar 7-6°, Ponte­ Bureau, 1-1, Tetori-honcho, Kumamoto 862. vedra. SAKAKURA, YOshiaki, 1-29-5, Higashi-yukigaya, Ohta-ku, URQUIJO .Eulate, Blanca, La Blanca Paloma, Somosaguas, Tokyo 145. Madrid. . SEIBU-MAIZURU BOTANICALINSTITUTE, 27, Ohishi, Tane­ VIURE Ninou, Jaime, Juan Maragail 90, Cardedeu, Barcelona. .ii, Maizuru 624. 'SHIMADA, Dr Haruy~, 10, Ikejiri-cho, Nagitsuji, Yamashlna­ HERNANDEZ Otero, Jose Maria, Capitan Quesada 41, Galdar, ku, Kyoto 607. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. SHIMIZU, Hideo, Izu Oshima Hawaii Botanical Garden, 670, Aza Noji, 'Moto-machi, Oshima-machi, Tokyo 100-01. FRANCE SHINBO, Tetsuo, 161, Kitanoyama, Motomachi, Oshima, Tokyo ANDRO, Mr et Mme Guy, Menez-Crenn, 29229 Plouarzel. 100-01. ANGELIER, Mle, 61 rue Dameront, 75017 Paris, SHISEIDOCO. LTD, 7-5-5, Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104. BALLIVET, Mr et Mme, 14 rue St Paul, 92200 Neuilly sur Seine. SUZUKI, Ritsuji, 33, Minamino, Noba, Koda-cho, Nukada-gun, BAUMANN, Mr Andre, 131 avenue Jean-Jaures, 92290 Chatenay Aichi 444-01. Malabry. TAKANASHI, TOshio, 4-j-8, Gokurakuji, Kamakura 248. BEAUMATIN, Mr et Mme, 27 rue Corneille, 92160 Antony. 'TORII, Toshio, 2- 1882, Tsudanuma, Narashmo 275. BEAUCHENE Pere Gildas, Laboratoire de Physiologie vegetale, TSUCHIYA, Ryuichi, 1775-1, Shirahama, Shimoda-shi, Boulevard Lavoisier, Belle Beille, 49000 Angers. Shizuoka 415. BOSCO, Mme, 1 ter, rue Paul But, 94290 Villeneuve Ie Roi. UEDA, Mrs Minoru, 76, Sanban-cho, Toyosato, Yodogawa-ku, BOURUET-AUBERTOT, Mr et Mme, 2 rue de Messine, 75008' Osaka 533. Paris, UEDA, Dr Toshiro, 9, Atoshiro, Ashinoya, Koda-cho, Nukada­ BURNEL, Mr et Mme Jean, 16 rue Baziere, 76130 Mont Saint gun, Aichi 444-01. . Aignan. UEMOTO, Dr Shunpei, C/o Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu COMBY, Mr Alain, 12 avenue du Chateau, 91800 Brunoy. University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi- ku, Fukuoka ~12. CREZE, Dr et Mme Jean, Les Roches, St Germain-des-Pres, WATANABE, Mitsuo, 4-1-19, Minamisawa, Higashi-Kurume 49170 St Georges sur Loire. 180-03. Fran~ois, 'wATANABE, Dr Takeshi, 6, Nishino, Terado-cho, Muko-shi, DELAUNAY, Mr 53 rue Mirabeau, 49000 Angers, Kyoto 617. . DUCLAUX, Mr Michel, 15 rue la Bruyere, 65000 Tarbes. YAMADA, Hideo, 13, Kuroguise, Ashinoya, Koda-cho, Nukada­ DUTREUILH, Mr Michel, Pavilion 2, Tilh, 40360 Pomarez. gun, Aichi 444-01. FOSSARD, Mr et Mme Henri, Le Logis Fleuri, St Quen-du- ~M~~rCHI, Tilleul, 27670 Bose Roger en Roumois. . Y Tadao, To, 72, Araya, Tsurugi-machi, Ishikawa HALASZ, Mr Emeric, Rue F.R. de Chateaubriand, 44470 YAMAZAKI, Mitsuo, 2-7-6, Gakuen-cho, Higashi-kurume­ Carquefou. shi, Tokvo 203. HASCOET, Dr et Mme Robert, La Butte des Fermes, 75260 'YOSHIKAW A, Kazuo, 2-3-7, Higahi-Toyonaka-cho, Toyon­ Change. aka 560, .". HOUITTE, Mr et Mme, 50230 Agon. YOSHIKAWA, Shinkichi, 1-18-7, Midorigaoka, Meguro-ku, LABOREY, Mr Jean, Ingenieur Horticole, 361 rue Lecourbe, Tokyo 152. . 75015 Paris, LAVIRON, Mr, 13 bis, rue Henri Monnier, 75009 Paris, LAVIRON, Mme, 13 bis, rue Henri Monnier, 75009 Paris. KOREA LE MOAL, Mr et Mme", Park ar Brug, Plouisv, 22200·Guingamp. KWUN, Song Soo, Agricultural College, Donga University, MADEC, Mr et Mme, I rue du Panier Fleud, 29200 Brest. Busan, 94450 Brevannes. . . KIM, Soo In, Singu College, Dandae Dong, Sungnam City, MAYMOU, Mr et Mme, Pepinieres, Chemin du Moulin de Kuunggi Provo _ Habas, St Etienne, 64100 Bayonne. 84 MOREL, Mr et Mme, Villa d'Avril, 4 rue des Architectes, 56260 C1J~t5X'x.Lord, Bircher Hall, Leominster, Herefordshire, Larmor-PIage. NIKOLAND, Pepinieres, B.P. 222, 56006 Vannes. C!f,tr3~t~: Mrs O. M., Cardwen Farm, Pelynt, Looe, Cornwall PAINBLANC, Mr et Mme Claude, 20 avenue des T illeu Is, 94459 Brevannes. C~~~~5\:L, P. G. G., Spinners, Boldre, Lymington, Hants. PATARD,Mr Rene, La Perriere, 44530 Guenrouet. PLANTIVEAU, Mr, Parc de Proce,. 44000 Nantes. CHRISTIE, 'Mrs B. M.. Old Orchard, 34 Little Common Rd.. PRICE, Lady Eve, La Vieille Ferme, Route des Clausonnes, Bexhill on Sea. E. Sussex TN39 4JD. 06410 Biot. CLAPP, Mr & Mrs K. H. R., Colebrook House, Plympton, Devon. RAOUX, Mr et Mme Paul, 67 avenue de Paris, 78000 Versailles. CLARK, Mrs Anne M., 11 Richborough Close, Hastings, E. RICHARD, Mr et Mme, 26 allee de la Surprise, 93390 Clichy Sussex TN34 2PB.. Sous Bois. CLARKE, Mr & Mrs I. M., 29 Lakewood Rd, Chandlers Ford, ROSMANN, Mr le., Villa Tsubaki, 64340 Boucau. Eastleigh, Hants. ROUX, Mle Estrea, 157 rue La Fayette, 75010 Paris. CLULOW, David, Tilgates, Little Common Lane, Bletchingley, THOBY, Mr et Mme Claude, Route de Paris, B.P. 3, 44471 Surrey. Carquefou Cedex. COMMONWEALTH BUREAU OF HORTICULTURE AND THOMAS, Mr et Mme, 53 rue Legendre, 75017 Paris. PLANTATION 'CROPS, East MaIling Research Stn., East TRAMCOURT, Mle Denise, 27129 boulevard de Vitre, 35000 Malling, Nr. Maidstone, Kent MEI9 6BJ. . Rennes. c~~r~giJ~r L. S., "Sherwood", Philip Rd., Durrington, Wilts. VIGNERON, Mr et Mme, 22 route de Croissy, 78110 Le Vesinet. WINTER, Mr Louis, Ingenieur Horticole, 12 rue Gardiner, COPELAND, Spencer, Trelissick, Feock, Truro, Cornwall 35800 Dinard. TR36QL. . . CORNELIUS, D. B., 28 Ravenshill Rd, Fforestfach, Swansea SA5 SAW. UNITED KINGDOM COWDRAY, Lady Anne, Broadleas, Devizes, Wilts. SnlO 5JQ. ALDERSON, G. A., Church End House, Brasted, Westerham, COX, Miss E. L., 306 Birmingham Rd, Walsall, West Midlands Kent. WS53NE. ALEXANDER, M. W., Doone Valley, 20 Burnt Hill Rd., Upper CRANE, Mrs J. A., Combe Meadow, West Porlock, Minehead, Bourne, Farnham, Surrey. Somerset T A24 8NX. ANDERSON, Hazley, Holly Cottage, Angel Street, Upper CULVERWELL, Me & Mrs Nernard, Beatlands, Middlecombe, Bentley, Nr. Redditch, Worcs. B97 5TA. . Minehead, Somerset TA24 8SW .. ANDERSON, Mrs Marian S., Rainbow Corner, Mattersey Rd., DAVIDSON, Mr& Mrs H. K., Woodhead, Hunter's Holme, Long­ Ranskill, Retford, Notts. town, Cumbria. ANDERSON, R. D., Pool House, Ow letts End, Pinvin, Pershore, DAVIES, David 1, Trentham, Mead Rd, Chislehurst, Kent Worcs. WRI0 2ES. BR76AD. A~~RJ~S9~: DAVIES, Mr & Mrs J. F., 63 Tile Kiln Lane, Hemel Hempstead, A. J., 4 Greencroft Ave., Eastcote, Ruislip, Middle­ Herts. • ANGLESEY, The Marquess of, Plas Newydd, Llanfair Pg, DAY, A. G., "St Louis", 77 Castle Rd, St Albans, Herts All 4DQ. Bridgwater, Somerset T A7 OBL. DE ROTHSCHILD, Edmund L.. Inchmery House, Exbury, ANTONY PLANT CENTRE, Antony, Torpoint, Cornwall Southampton S04 1AE. PUI2QA. DEAN, Dr e. 1, The Red House, 253 Lower Rd, Great Bookham, A~~r4S?fz.Stanley Surrey. e., 33 Fairfield Ave., Upminster, Essex DEVEREUX, Mr & Mrs G. L., 3 The Heath, Chaldon, Caterham, A1}l.r?su~' Surrey CR3 5OJ. G., Swiftena, Westhope, Nr. Stowmarket, Suffolk DEVONSHIR E, the Duke of, Chatsworth, Bakewell, Derbyshire. B1k~':j~~: DIBB, Mr & Mrs Cecil B., 8 Helston Drive, Horndean Rd, Mr & Mrs R. W., Penn, Alderley Edge, Cheshire Emsworth, Hants. POlO 7TP. BANNING-LOVER, Mrs Yvonne, 50 St. Mary's Terrace, Hastings, DOBBIE & CO LTD, Melville Nursery, Lasswade, Midlothian, E. Sussex. Scotland. BARCOCK, F. G., Garden House Farm, Drinkstone, Bury St. DODSWORTH, Bryan L. e., The Old Rectory, East Bridgford, Edmunds, Suffolk, IPJO 9TN. Nottingham. . BARR ETT, A. S. D., Farindons, Dormansland, Lingfield, Surre/';. DaMAR, Mrs U. M.. "Zagroda",Stormsdown, Bickington, BtRe~;~ ~kfo ~S'~.A. Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 6LQ. e., Greystone Lodge, Cotlands, Sidmout , DONOVAN, Mrs E. e., 9 Woodfall Ave., Barnet, Herts. BELFAST CITY COUNCIL, Parks Dept., Fernhill House, Glen- DUNCAN, G. T" New Place Farm,. Broomershill Lane, Pul· cairn Park, Belfast BT13 3PT. borough, W. Sussex RH202HZ. B'2'~s~'reWA~62L~~utsford EDGAR, Mr & Mrs L. A., Wedderlie House, 80 St Helens Ave., Rd., Grappenhall, Warrington, Hastings, Sussex. BENNETT, Russell, .Editor, Flora, Stanley Gibbons Magazines EDMONDS, A. e., 35 Park Drive,Upminster, Essex Rml4 3AL. Ltd, Drury House, Russell St., London WC2B 5HD. EDWARDS, Dr A. 1. B.. 12 Ellerslie Rd., Barnstaple, Devon BITTERLING, Mrs M., White Cottage, Nottingham Rd.. Rad­ EX312HT. cliffe on Trent, Nottingham, NG12 2BW. ELLIS, R. M., "Camellias", Doomsday Garden, Horsham, W. BLAND, Gordon E., Bristol Zoological Gardens, Clifton, Sussex RHI3 6LB. . . Bristol BS8 3HA. EUNSON, Mrs P., Pindari, Quickley Rise, Chorleywood, Herts. BLOCKEY, MissM. L., Magnolia Cottage, Coburg Rd., Sidmouth, WD35PE. Devon. EUSEBIO, J. J. E., Tesin,.66 Greenways, Hinchley Wood, Esher, BONAVIA, Mr & Mrs Paul, 31 Goshawk Gardens, Hayes, Middle­ Surrey KTlO OQJ. sex. EV ANS, Mrs Linda, 60 Gower St.. Pleck, Walsall, W. Midlands BOND, 1 D., Verderers, Wick Rd., Englefield Green, Egham, WS29AT. Surrey. FALMOUTH, Lady, Tregothnan, Truro, Cornwall. BOOTS, F. H., White House, Boyle Farm, Thames Ditton, FARNES, D. N. Corton Lodg", 7 Burntwood Ave.. Emerson Park, Surrey KT7 OTP. Hornchurch, Essex RMII"3JD: BORLASE, M. P., Lime Cottage, Lanhydrock Gardens, Bodmin, FARNFIELD, Mrs Jean, Flat 2, Lismore, 4 Hollington Park Rd., Cornwall PLJO SAD. St Leonards on Sea, Sussex. BOWSKILL, Mr & Mrs H. e., .193 Ashburnham Rd., Hastings, FAVELL, Cdr. & Mrs R. M., Penberth, St Buryan, Penzance, E. Sussex TN35 5LL. Cornwall. BRICE, Mr & Mrs E. J., 50 Tadfield Rd., Romsey, Hampshire. FORTESCUE, Mrs Virginia, 6 Montague Gardens, Putney, BRISTOW,H. A., 32 Meadow Way, Stone, Staffs. STl5 OJP. London SWI5. BROWN, Mrs Margaret, North Newton Nursery, North Newton, FREEMAN, Mrs D. M., The Learig, Pelynt, Looe, Cornwall ·Bridgewater, Somerset TA7 OBL. PU32LU. BUCHANAN, Mrs V. M., 100 Collinswood Drive, St Leonards GALLAGHER, John, Oldfield, Verwood, Dorset. on Sea, E. Sussex TN38 ONX. GALSWORTHY, Mr & Mrs A. M. 1, Trewithen, Grampound· BUDD, e. E., 39 Upper High St., Worthing, Sussex. Rd. Truro, Cornwall TR2 4DD. BUDGE, Mr & Mrs Ralph, Dale House, Meadowside, Ashfo.rd, • GIBSON, A. e., Glenarn, Rhu, Strathc!yde, Scotland. Barnstaple, Devon EX3 I 4BS. GILES, 1, Pengarth, Bere Alston, Yelverton, Devon PUO 7BW. BUFTON, K. T., Boehm of Malvern England Ltd, The Studio, GLANVILLE, Lt-Col R. e., Catchfrench, Bridge Hill, Belper, Tanhouse Lane, Malvern, Worcs. WRI4 lLG. Derbyshire DES 2BY. • BUTE, . The Marquess of, Mount Stewart, Rothesav, Isle of GLASS, Mr & Mrs T. N. N., Evensong, 8 Nun's Walk, Virginia Bute, Strathclr,de, Scotland. . Water, Surrey GU28 4RT. B';;~?~fi. Mrs . M.. Avalon, 71 A High Road, Hockley, Essex GLENDOICK GARDENS, Glendoick, Perth, Tayside PH2 7NS Scotland. CARDIFF CITY COUNCIL, Leisure & Amenities Dept., King GODMAN, Miss e. E., South Lodge, Horsham, Sussex. George V Drive East, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4FP. GOLDSMITH, John, The Manor House, Markfield, Leicester CARLYON, Miss .Gillian, Tregrehan Camellia Nurseries, LE6 OUN. Tregrehan, Par, Cornwall. GOODWIN, M. H., 29 Carlisle Close, Colchester, Essex COl 2YT. CATLIN, Dr & Mrs e. H., The Beeches, Standon, Nr. Stafford, GOR ER, Geoffrey, Sunte House, Haywards Heath, Sussex ST216RB. RHI6IRZ. CAUTHERY, Mrs H.. W., Eastcote, Petworth Rd, Haslemere, GRAHAM, T. R., 4 Orde Close, Pound Hill, Crawley, W.Sussex Surrey GU27 2HX. RHIO 3NG.

85 GRAHAM-VIVIAN, Mr & Mrs H. R, Bosahan, Manaccan, McILVEEN, Dr & Mrs D. J. S., Sunda)'s Hill, Whinfield Rd., Nr. Helston. ~ornwall. Dodford, Bromsgrove, Worcs. 861 9BG. GRAVETY E MANOR AND COUNTRY CLUB, East Grinstead, ' McLAUCHLIN, J., Brook House, Ingramgate, Thirsk, N. W. Sussex RHI9,4U. Yorkshire Y07 IDD. GRIMALDI, Philip,Cedar Lodge, Puckpool, Ryde, Isle of Wight McMILLAN-BROWSE, Mr P. D. A., 138 Burton Rd., Melton P0331PJ. Mowbray, Lincs. LE13 IDL ' GRIMSHAW, Rennie, 24 Dent St., Colne, Lancashire BBB 8JG. MELLENTIN, Miss Elizabeth, 37 A Lewisham Park, London 'GULLIVER, R E.. 43 Park Farm, Bourton on the Water, SEl360Z. Cheltenham, Glos. GL54 2HE METHVEN, T., 39 Ottoline Drive, Troon, Ayrshire KAIO 7 AN, HALL, N. D. A, Fairlight End, Pett, Nr. Hastings, I'. Sussex Scotland. TN354HB. MILLER, Robin P., 7 Ripplevale Grove, London NI IHS. H~&I~~N.Mrs Patricia, 10 Melrose Place, Watford, Herts. MILLER, Mrs W. I'. P., Galleon House, Little Bealings, Nr. Woodbridge, Suffolk IP13 6LX. HARRISON, John A, Camellia House, Parklands, Southport, MILNE'WATSON, Lady, Oakfield, Mortimer, Nr. Reading, Lancs. PR97HX. Berks. RG7 3AP. HAWORTH-BOOTH, Michael, Farall Nurseries, Roundhurst, MOBERLEY, Miss I'. M., Herons Court, Wittersham, Tenterden, Fernhurst, Haslemere, Surrey GU27 3BN. Kent. HAZELL, Mrs P. K. 101 Craddocks Ave., Ashtead, Surrey MOORE, J. l, 201 Crowborough Rd., London SWI7 9QE. KT211 NR MORGAN, Miss Brenda, Westbrook, 30 St James Gardens, HEAL, The Revd. Canon H. E, The Old Barn, Sherborne St, Swansea SAl 6DT. Bourton on the Water, Cheltenham GL54 2BY. MY ATT, The Revd., Philip B., Walcot Rectory, 6 River St., HELLYER, l A, 18A Gr'een Gardens, Northam, Bideford, Bath BAI 2PZ. Devon. NAISH, Dr J. M., Algars Manor, Iron Acton, Bristol BSI7 ITB. HEWISON, Rev. Bill, 20 Tower Rd., Orpington, Kent BR6 OSQ. NEALS, l K., Trevorick, Carclew, Perranarworthal, Truro, HILLIARD, Mr J. E., 99 Gales Drive, Three Bridges, Crawley, Cornwall TR3 7PB. Sussex. NELSON, W. E., 13 Trerice Place, St Ives, Cornwall TR26 IQP. H\'i~~~~' CBE., H. G., Jermyns House, Ampfield, Nr. Romsey, NEWMAN, Mrs l E, The Manor House, Salthouse, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7XG. HINTON, W. Patrick, The Mill House, Crathorne, Yarm, N~?ct~Thr9+L: Cleveland, TSI5 OBD. Breezehill Rd., Neston, South Wirral, Mersey- "HOLMAN, Nigel, Chyverton, Zelah, Truro, Cornwall TR4 9HD. HOOD, Richard S., 'The Grange, High St., Old Burlesdon, NORRIS, Mrs R, Woodley, Woodgreen, Fordingbridge, Haots Southampton S03 8DL SP6 2AZ.. HOPKINS, Mr & Mrs D. H., School House, Edensor, Bakewell, OWENS, l W., Jubilee Lodge, Yarpole, Leominster, Hereford­ Derbyshire. shire HR6 OBA. HYDE, Mrs I'. de J., Woodlands Nursery Gardens, Carroll Ave., PADDOCK, G. H., Hartwell Hall, Nr. Stone, N.Stalfs STI5 8TL Ferndown, Dorset. PARKER, Major & Mrs Anthony, Delamore, Cornwood, Ivy­ JARVIS, l c., 48 Great North Road, Highgate, London N6. bridge, S.Devon PL21 9QT. JOHNSON, Norman, 12 Mulgrave Rd, Roe Green, Worsley, PARIS, P.G., Boskenna Nurseries, St Buryan, Penzance, Manchester M28 4RW. Cornwall TRI9 6D~. JOHNSTONE, Miss E., A, Creed' Barn, Grampound, Truro, P~l3~SlG.Comman er B. E., Killiow House, Truro, Cornwall Cornwall TR2 4SL JONES, C. E., 23 Hinderton Drive, West Kirby, Wirral, PERKINS, Mrs M., Barton House, East Anstey, Nr. Tiverton, Merseyside L48 8BN. ' Devon. KINKEAD, Mrs O. M. A, Isabell Hair Stylist, High St., Chew 'PERRING, Miss C. E., Watermill House, Watermill Lane, Pett, Magna, Avon. Sussex TN35 4HY. KITSON, Mrs E., West Wing, Antony House, Torpoint, Cornwall PICTON, P. W., Asterville, Brockhill Rd, Colwall, Malvern, PLll20A Wor~ . KNAP HiLL NURSERY LTD, Barr's Lane, Knaphill, Woking, POLE-CAREW, Miss M. E, The Flat, Milton Lodge, Wells, Surrey GU21 2JW. ' Somerset BA5 3AQ. KNIGHT, E P., 3 Newlands, Elmsett, Ipswich IP7 6NZ. ' POTTER, Mrs A H., King's Copse, Pinewood Rd, Wentworth, LANE, A E. E,A Foxhill Cres., Leeds, W.Yorkshire, LSI6 5PD. Surrey GU25 4PZ. LANGFORD, Mrs B., 19 Ferndown Ave., Sedgley, Dudley, W. PRATT, M. c., The Hazels, LowerStreet, Fittleworth, Pulbor­ Midlands DY3 3LG. ough, Sussex RH20 I EN. LANGRISH, Miss Dorothy, Fiddlers Field, Westerham, Kent PRESTON, Mr & Mrs c., "Gormanston", Snatts Rd, Uckfield, TNI6ITX. Sussex TN22 2AP. LAVERICK, Dr John V., IA Deepdene, Potters Bar, Herts. PYLE, Mrs Jean, 34 Boxworth End, Swavesey CB4 5RA EN63DE QUEST-RITSON, Charles A, Becketts House, Edington, West­ 'LEgh~~D, K. H., Belgrave Lodge, Eaton Park, Eccleston, bury, Wilts. BAl3 4PJ. ROBERTSON, B. A, 57 Traquair Park West, Edinburgh EHI2 LEWIS, Alan W., 10 Essex Close, Chard, Somerset. 7AN, Scotland. LISTER, Dr. H. K N:, The Bridge Surgery, High St., Porlock, ROBINSON, Mrs l R. M., Mill Hill Lodge, Barnes Common, Somerset. London SWl3 OHS. LOCK, Surge.on Capt. .1 AN., Highwell,Churchstow, Kingsbridge, ROBINSON, Major & MrsR C., Spring Hill, Boldre, Lymington, S.Devon TQ7 3QP. . Haots. S048NG. LODER, Bt. Sir Giles, Ockenden House, Cuckfield, Haywards ROBOROUGH, Lord & Lady, Bickham Barton, Roborough, Heath, Sussex RHI7 5LD. Pamouth, S. Devon, PL6 7BL LORD, RD., Penrallt Fynnon, Cwm-con, Newcastle Emlyn, R

:1·/

......

t!

tain and increase their

lection with Camellias. other Horticultural

; and other publications. , all nationalities. Printed by Quintrell & Company Limited., Cornwall, England.