DOCSLIB.ORG

Basic Antenna

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Basic Antenna Ver. 1 Department of Engineering Science Antenna Lab Antenna Properties Notes to Students: Each student must turn in a separate report. The lab section can be done in groups of TWO or fewer! Unless the instructor has already approved, only TWO people can use the same plots from the Spectrum Analyzer. You must specify the name of your Lab partner on your individual report. Please try to reduce the size of plots and tables to avoid wasting papers. Double-sided reports are welcomed! Time of Completion: This laboratory activity is designed for students with very little knowledge of networking. Estimated time to complete the measurements is about 3-6 hours. Please note that you may have to go back again to redo some of the measurements. DONOT wait until the last day! Important Notes: • All the connectors are provided in the lab. In some cases you have to search for the right connector for the setup. • Please DO NOT touch/disconnect the connectors on the signal generator! • Please make sure all laboratory components are returned back to the table. • Please keep the lab clean! Make sure you sign the signup sheet! • Please be Gentle with the connectors! • All FIGURES must have Figure Number and Caption! Figures without these will not be acceptable! Part required for the lab: 1- Magnet dipole antenna 2- Cantenna 3- CUSHCRAFT omni-directional Dipole (2) 4- CUSHCRAFT monopole 5- 3-db Attenuator 6- D-Link/LinkSys Wireless Router with rubber ducky antenna. Test equipment required for the lab1: 1- Spectrum Analyzer (SA) (HP 8560E) 2- Signal Generator (SG) (HP 83623B) 3- ALFA Wireless Interface Pre-lab Activities (read this before you go to the lab): 1- Review Designing a Wireless Network Chapter 2. 2- Check all the tools and components. 1 Please refer to http://www.sonoma.edu/engineering/resources/ug/ for manuals F.Farahmand 1 Updated: 10/10/13 Ver. 1 Department of Engineering Science Antenna Lab 3- Make sure you examine all the connector and understand how cables and antennas can be interconnected. When connecting cables please be gentle and do not use force. 4- It is suggested that you take your own laptop to the lab for recording and checking the signal strength. You can download NetStumbler or inSSIDer on your own laptop. 5- You may need a camera for capturing the data on the Spectrum Analyzer. References: 1- Measuring BW: http://www.engadget.com/2006/08/01/how-to-measure-your-bandwidth-with- snmp/ 2- Read about RF shielding: http://www.objet.com/Misc/_Pages/Application_Notes_Left_Pane/ RF_Shielding/ 3- Read about WiFi n: http://www.airmagnet.com/products/wifi_analyzer/ Please make sure you keep the lab clean! Before you leave, make sure you have placed everything back! Each group MUST signup a timesheet before using the lab. F.Farahmand 2 Updated: 10/10/13 Ver. 1 Department of Engineering Science Antenna Lab Laboratory Experiments: A. Connect the Signal Generator (SG) directly (via a cable) to the Spectrum Analyzer (SA). Set the frequency of the SG to CW 2450 MHz, AMP=10 dBm. On the SA set the following: SPAN=700 MHz, AMP=30dBm. 1- Calculate the actual transmitted power from the SG in Watts. 2- Measure the exact center frequency of the received signal using the SA. 3- Measure and record the received power level (in dBm) and 3-dB bandwidth. You must use the markers on the SA. Include a picture of the received signal. 4- Change the frequency on the SG and see what happens. Change the amplitude and observe how the signal changes. 5- Place a 3-dB attenuator along the cable going to the SA. Record the center frequency, amplitude, and 3-dB bandwidth as seen on the SA. How much power loss are you experiencing? Did the bandwidth change? – make sure you put the attenuator back in it place! B. Examine the CUSHCRAFT omni-directional (S2403B). Use a table to answer the following questions 1- Gently, open the CUSHCRAFT omni-directional antenna and see what is in it. What do you see? 2- What is the gain of the CUSHCRAFT in dBi? 3- What is its beam width of CUSHCRAFT as specified by the manufacturer? Find its radiation pattern (you have to do some searching). 4- Answer the above questions for the monopole antenna. Question Omni-direction Monopole Specified Gain Beam width Radiation pattern Show the figure Show the figure Compare the performance C. Go to http://www.superpass.com/SPDG16O.html and answer the following questions: a. Using the provided information in the table (spec sheet) explain how we can estimate the radiation patter. Draw the estimated patterns. b. What is the antenna bandwidth? c. Why do they call the radiation patterns E-plan and H-plane radiation patterns? d. By looking at the radiation pattern alone, what can you tell about the antenna gain? e. Which way the E field moves as it propagates away from the antenna? f. Calculate the reflection in the antenna. g. What happens if we connect this antenna to a router with output power of 15dBW? F.Farahmand 3 Updated: 10/10/13 Ver. 1 Department of Engineering Science Antenna Lab D. Set the frequency of the SG to CW 2450 MHz, AMP=15 dBm. Connect the two CUSHCRAFT antennas to the SA and SG. Connect S2403B to SG and MONO S2403M to SA. Change the setting on the SA such that you can see the signal (make sure the SG and SA are physically placed close together). 1- Record the exact center frequency of the received signal by the SA. Measure and record the received power level. Calculate approximate Path Loss due to having the antennas and new cables. This will be relative to your previous measurements where the SG and SA were directly connected together. 2- Based on the physical distance between the two antennas, theoretically what should be the expected loss in free space? 3- Is your calculated loss for free space consistent with what you measure? Pay attention to receptacles. What type of connector does the antennas have? 4- Complete the table below: Frequency of operation: Approximate Distance Between Antennas (m): Free Space Loss (dB) – Calculated: Loss (dB) when SA and SG are connected directly via cable: Loss (dB) when SA and SG are connected using two antennas: E. Set the frequency of the SG to CW 2450 MHz, AMP=15 dBm. Connect the rubber ducky omni- directional antennas with magnet 2 to the SG and the Cantenna to the SA. Change the setting on the SA such that you can see the signal. 1- Do you observe any other signals on the SA? If so, at what frequencies? 2- Record the exact center frequency of the received signal from the SG. Measure and record its power level and 3-dB bandwidth. 3- Change the Horizontal orientation of the Cantenna (horizontal to the floor). Measure the 3-dB beam angle of your Cantenna. Record the Cantenna ID (if there is no ID, label it as A,B,C,etc.). Explain your results briefly. 4- Point the Cantenna directly towards the rubber ducky. Try 5-10 frequency values and measure the received signal power for each case. Plot all the frequencies vs. the received power levels. What frequency is your Cantenna optimized for? 5- While pointing the two antennas directly towards each other explain what happens as you insert the following materials very close to the SA’s Cantenna: Metal Sheet, Book, Your Body, a Wet Towel, (if you have any). Explain your observations. Read about RF Shielding and its importance. Complete the table below (do not use METAL!) Material Loss Power (dB) Air Wood 2 Make sure you use the correct adaptor (RPT-NCP adapter) to ensure total connectivity. Here is a good source to compare different adapts. F.Farahmand 4 Updated: 10/10/13 Ver. 1 Department of Engineering Science Antenna Lab Plastic Paper F. Set the frequency of the SG to CW 2450 MHz, AMP=15 dBm. Select one of the above obstacles (e.g, plastic) and place it at difference distances from the Cantenna. Measure the loss due to the presence of the obstacle at different distances. Explain your observations. When do you observe the highest power loss? Power Loss (dB) Distance from SA 0 10 cm 50 cm 100 cm G. Set the frequency of the SG to CW 2450 MHz, AMP=15 dBm. Removed all the obstacles between the antennas. Change the distance between the SA and SG as suggested in the table below. Record the peak power received for each case. Plot your results. Explain your observations. Power Loss (dB) Distance Between SA and SG 10 cm 50 cm 100 cm 200 cm 400 cm F.Farahmand 5 Updated: 10/10/13 Ver. 1 Department of Engineering Science Antenna Lab H. We now like to characterize the omni-directional antenna (S2403B), in terms of its radiation pattern, to the best of our ability. Connect the CUSHCRAFT omni-directional antenna to the SA. Connect the Cantenna to the SG. Keep the CUSHCRAFT away from the wall (say in the middle of the room). 1- Mount the Cantenna on the long tripod. Start moving the CUSHCRAFT as shown below: both in φ and θ directions (side-to-side and up-to-down). Note that the idea is to measure the radiated power in all (X,Y,Z) directions. 2- For each recorded power value specify the angle of your measurement. 3- Create a polar plot showing angles vs. the normalized received power. Explain your results briefly. F.Farahmand 6 Updated: 10/10/13 Ver.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 3794 Series Granger Wideband Conical Monopole Antennas
    3794 Series Granger Wideband Conical Monopole Antennas ● 2-30 MHz Bandwidth permits Frequency change without antenna tuning ● Up to 25 KW average power rating ● 50 Ohm input provides 2.0:1 nominal VSWR without impedance transformers ● Single tower ● Short, medium, long-range communications General Description The Model 3794 series antenna is a vertically polarized, omnidirectional broadband antenna for transmitting or receiving applications. It is designed for high power area coverage. The 3794 Wideband Conical Monopole Antenna is an inverted cone- like structure with it’s apex pointing downwards. The array is supported by a 17 inch (431 mm) face steel guyed tower and consists of a number of evenly spaced radiator wires. The radiators spread out from the tower top to an outer guyed catenary then converge back down at the tower base. The antenna is fed at the apex of the cone through a 50 ohm coaxial connector. A ground screen is laid over the area below the antenna and consists of a radial pattern of wire laid on the ground with it’s centre at the apex of the antenna. The radiating elements of the array are prefabricated to facilitate installation. All radiators are manufactured from aluminum clad steel wire for maximum conductivity and corrosion resistance. The mechanical arrangement provides high strength while keeping both manufacturing and installation costs to a minimum. Application The 3794 Wideband Conical Monopole Antenna Series provides a cost effective solution for the vertical omnidirectional antenna if the reduced ground area offered by the 1794 Monocone is not required. The broad frequency range permits use of the optimum frequency for any distance.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing the Coverage Area of a WI-FI Access Point Using Cantenna
    ISSN 2394-3777 (Print) ISSN 2394-3785 (Online) Available online at www.ijartet.com International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2015 Enhancing the Coverage Area of a WI-FI Access Point Using Cantenna B.Anandhaprabakaran#1, S.Shanmugam*2,J.Sridhar*3S.Ajaykumar#4 #2-4student #1Assistant Professor, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Abstract: “The next decade will be the Wireless Era.” – Intel Executive Sean Maloney and other executives framed. Today’s network especially LAN has drastically changed. People expect that they should not be bound to the network. In this scenario, Wireless (WLAN) offers tangible benefits over traditional wired networking. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). Wi-Fi works on three modes namely Ad hoc, Infrastructure and Extended modes. Ad hoc network is P2P mode. Ad hoc does not use any intermediary device such as Access Point. Infra Structure and Extended modes use Access Point as interface between wireless clients. The wireless network is formed by connecting all the wireless clients to the AP. Single access point can support up to 30 users and can function within a range of 100 – 150 feet indoors and up to 300 feet outdoors. The coverage area depends upon the location where the AP is being placed. The AP has the traditional Omni directional antenna The aim of this project is to increase the coverage area of an AP by replacing the traditional Omni directional antenna with Bi-quad antenna with parabolic reflector.
    [Show full text]
  • MFJ 2004 Ham Buyers Guide
    QSTCatP01.qxd 10/16/2003 10:03 AM Page 1 MFJ 2004 Ham Buyers Guide See inside for these New MFJ Products! 300W Automatic Tuner Tiny Travel Tuner DC Multi-Outlet Strips Ultra-fast, 2000 memories, antenna Fits in the palm of your hand! 150 has both 5-way binding posts switch, 4:1 balun, Cross-Needle and Watts, 80-10 Meters, Bypass Switch and Digital SWR/Wattmeter, 1.8-30 MHz Anderson PowerPole® connectors MFJ-902 $7995 $ 95 MFJ-1129 $ 95 109 MFJ-993 259 Four New models -- balun, Four new high current 150, 300, 600 Watt models. SWR/Wattmeter . DC multi-outlet strips . See Back Cover See Page 6 See Page 16 Balanced Line Dummy Load Manual Mic/Radio Switch Antenna Tuner SWR/Wattmeter Screwdriver Switch any 2 mics 1.5kW, to any 2 rigs Superb Antenna peak reading Covers 40-2 Meters balance, switchable 1.8-54 MHz, to external MFJ-1662 $ 95 $ 95 300 Watts antenna 129 MFJ-1263 99 $ 95 $ 95 MFJ-974H 189 MFJ-267 149 Four new models . Three new models . See Page 7 See Page 9 See Page 42 See Page 21 10 foot Antenna 160-6 Meter 1.5 kW 4:1 Glazed 4 Foot Telescopic Tripod Doublet current balun ceramic Ground Whip 40-inch Antenna /insulator insulator Rod MFJ-1954 between legs Copper bonded steel MFJ- $ 95 MFJ-1918 MFJ-919 MFJ-16C01 MFJ-1934 19 1777 $ 95 $ 95 $ 95 59 $ 95 3 lengths . 39 49 69c 4 See Page 42 See Page 42 See Page 43 See Page 43 See Page 43 See Page 7 Mobile Discone Atomic Atomic Wireless Speaker/Mic Antennas Antenna 24/12 Clock 24/12 Watch Weather for Yaesu VX-7R MFJ-1456, $14995 25-1300 Station MHz 40/20/15/10/6/2M MFJ- MFJ- MFJ-295R $ 95 $ 95 MFJ-1868 132RC 186RC MFJ-192 MFJ-1438, 99 $ 95 19 10/6/2M/440 MHz $5995 $1495 $2995 59 See Page 41, 39 See Page 40 See Page 29 See Page 30 See Page 30 See Page 35 Ameritron Ameritron Ameritron Hy-Gain Screwdriver Digital Screwdriver flat Mobile 80-10 M Vertical Antenna Antenna Controller SWR/Wattmeter The Classic is Back! 5 1.2 kW, Pittman Super bright high- Just 1 /8” thick, AV-18AVQII Commercial Gear Motor intensity LEDs flat mounts on $ 95 dashboard 229 SDA-100 SDC-100 MK-80, $79.95.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning, Designing and Building Large Scale Wi-Fi Network at Campus
    International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015 Planning, Designing and Building Large Scale Wi-Fi Network at Campus Mrs P. Sasirekha M.E., Ms P. Divya, Ms K. Meera, Ms M. Sathya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering S.A.Engineering College, Chennai, India. Abstract - With the increase in use of internet access, Wi- important phenomenon, there is need to set up a Fi becomes one of the most important gadgets to employ repeater, which produces high performance. Repeater it. In the world of communication and networking, is a device that receives a digital signal on an wireless technology plays a vital role and is one of the electromagnetic or optical transmission medium and main areas in the research. These wireless technologies regenerates the signal along the next medium. In are based on Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) standards which would provide offering benefits over remote areas or in some places there may found many traditional wired LAN networking. Wi-Fi is a generic obstacles, where the signal strength is poor or term of IEEE 802.11n for wireless Local Area Networks unreachable. In some cases repeater is used to boost (WLANs). Even though, it provide benefits over Local the signal strength or in other words, they repeat the, Area Networks the Wi-Fi users are not completely so the preferred computer gets greater coverage area. satisfied with signal strength provided by the Wi-Fi cards, Wireless signals are prone to loss of data frequently. routers (or) access points. In addition to Wi-Fi cards, The reception of signal strength depends upon the there are several types of Wi-Fi antennas which give topography of the place, where we stay will be a declining signal strength.
    [Show full text]
  • Taoglas Catalog
    Product Catalog 2 Taoglas Products & Services Catalog Wireless communications are positively Our new line of LPWA antennas plays a major role changing the world, and we’re here to in realizing the value of low connectivity cost and help. Our product lineup brings the latest reduced power consumption. innovations in IoT and Transportation antenna solutions. Our Sure GNSS high precision series includes the AQHA.50 and AQHA.11 antennas to support At Taoglas we work hard to develop the next the growing demand for high precision GNSS wave of cutting-edge antenna solutions to add solutions. Our product offering comprises of both to our already market-leading product offering. embedded and external antennas for timing, Inside this catalog, you will find our ever-growing location and RTK applications. product range presented by frequency bands, giving you what you need at your fingertips to Our Antenna Builder and Cable Builder, available build your solution with complete confidence. online makes it easy for our customers to build and customize antenna and cabling solution with Taoglas continues to make significant the promise of product delivery within as little as investments in our production and infrastructure. two days. Our IATF-16949 certification approval is the global standard for quality assurance for the Our range of services continues to support automotive industry. some of the world’s leading IoT brands, helping them to optimize their products to ensure Staying on the cutting-edge of innovation, reliable performance on a global scale with we have developed new Beam Steering IoT endless design solutions including LDS. Utilizing antenna solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Amplifiers, Sequencing, Phasing Lines, Noise Problems Tom Haddon, K5VH and New Modes of Operation
    PROCEEDINGS of the 48th Conference of the July 24-27 Austin, Texas 2014 Published by: ® i Copyright © 2014 by The American Radio Relay League Copyright secured under the Pan-American Convention. International Copyright secured. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form except by written permission of the publisher. All rights of translation reserved. Printed in USA. Quedan reservados todos los derechos. First Edition ii CENTRAL STATES VHF SOCIETY 48th Annual Conference, July 24 - 27, 2014 Austin, Texas http://www.csvhfs.org President: Steve Hicks, N5AC Fellow members and guests of the Central States VHF Society, Vice President: Dick Hanson, K5AND In 2004, a friend invited me to attend an amateur radio conference Website: much like this one, and that conference forever changed the way I Bob Hillard, WA6UFQ looked at amateur radio. I was really amazed at the number of people and the amount of technology that had come together in Antenna Range: Kent Britain, WA5VJB one place! Before the end of the conference, I had approached Marc Thorson, WB0TEM one of the vendors and boldly said that I wanted to get on 222- Rover/Dish Displays: 2304. Jim Froemke, K0MHC Facilities: As others have pointed out in the past, one of the real values of Lori Hicks attendance is getting to know other died-in-the-wool VHF’ers. Yes, Family Program: the Proceedings is a great resource tool, but it is hard to overstate Lori Hicks the value of the one on one time with the real pros at one of these Technical Program: conferences.
    [Show full text]
  • DN024 -- 868 Mhz, 915 Mhz and 955 Mhz Monopole PCB Antenna
    Design Note DN024 Monopole PCB Antenna with Single or Dual Band Option By Richard Wallace Keywords Single Band Mode (868 MHz, 915 MHz Monopole Antenna or 920 MHz) Excellent Efficiency Dual Band Mode (868 MHz & 2440 Recommended Antenna Design for 868 MHz) MHz, 915 MHz & 920 MHz PCB Antenna OTA Measurements 1 Introduction This document describes a PCB antenna Overall size requirements for this antenna that can be configured in two different are 38 x 25 mm. Thus this is a medium modes of operation: the antenna can be size, low cost antenna solution. Figure 1 tuned for a single frequency for operation shows a picture the board being used to in the 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (USA) develop and characterize this antenna. and 920 MHz (Japan) ISM bands; or the antenna can be configured as a dual band This antenna design is one of the several antenna which can operate at 868 MHz antenna reference designs available on and 2440 MHz. www.ti.com/lpw and is included in the Comprehensive Antenna Selection Guide This antenna can be used with all [6] and the Antenna Selection Quick Guide transceivers and transmitters from Texas [7]. Instruments which operates in these frequency bands. Figure 1. CC-Antenna-DK, Board #6 PCB Monopole Antenna SWRA227E Page 1 of 16 Design Note DN024 Table of Contents KEYWORDS 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 ABBREVIATIONS 2 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PCB ANTENNA 3 3.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MEANDERING MONOPOLE ANTENNA 3 4 RESULTS 5 4.1 RADIATION PATTERN 5 4.2 SINGLE BAND OPTION DESIGN FOR 868 / 915 / 920 MHZ 6 4.2.1 Antenna Match 6 4.2.1.1
    [Show full text]
  • A Compact Double-T Monopole Antenna for Dual Wideband Wireless Communications Systems
    IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN: 2250-3021 Volume 2, Issue 8 (August 2012), PP 83-85 www.iosrjen.org A Compact Double-T Monopole Antenna for Dual Wideband Wireless Communications Systems 1Ram Kishore Sutrakar, 2Sunil Kumar Tripathi, 3Ankita Sharma 1TIT (Excellence), Bhopal 2RKDF college of Engg, Bhopal. 3PIES, Bhopal Abstract: - This work carries a dual band monopole antenna design specially meant for wireless applications. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular patch monopole in which a slot is cut in order to obtain a dual band operation and size reduction. The antenna operates in frequency band 2.3 to 3.4 GHz and 4.95 to 5.85 GHz. These bands are now widely used in wireless communications. This miniaturized dual band monopole antenna proves to be an effective option for wireless devices to communicate with the outside world. We present a novel compact printed dual wideband double-T antenna, which consists of two stacked T-shaped monopoles. Keywords: -Dual Band, Directivity, Monopole Antenna, Size Reduction. I. Introduction Advancement of antenna design is a fundamental part of any wireless system due to growth of wireless communication & information transfer using handsets & personal communication system devices. It is necessary at the same time that the system must radiate low power and provide reliable communication in terms of voice as well as data. Service providers & users demand wireless units with antennas which are compact and small. Additionally it should be cost effective for manufacturability and easy to integrate with wireless communication system. The electrical characteristics that should be considered while designing the antenna include operating frequency, VSWR, return loss (input impedance, bandwidth, gain directivity & radiation pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Building the Largest Cantenna in Kansas: an Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between Engineering Technology Programs
    AC 2008-820: BUILDING THE LARGEST CANTENNA IN KANSAS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS Saeed Khan, Kansas State University-Salina SAEED KHAN is an Associate Professor with the Electronic and Computer Engineering Technology program at Kansas State University at Salina. Dr. Khan received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Connecticut, in 1989 and 1994 respectively and his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1984. Khan, who joined KSU in 1998, teaches courses in telecommunications and digital systems. His research interests and areas of expertise include antennas and propagation, novel materials for microwave application, and electromagnetic scattering. Greory Spaulding, Kansas State University-Salina GREG SPAULDING in an Professor of mechanical engineering technology joined Kansas State University at Salina in 1996. Spaulding, a licensed professional engineer, also is the faculty adviser for the Mini Baja club, which simulates a real-world engineering design project. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees in mechanical engineering from Kansas State University. Spaulding holds a patent for a belt drive tensioning system and for an automatic dispensing system for prescriptions. Page 13.270.1 Page © American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 “Building the Largest Cantenna in Kansas: An Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Engineering Technology Programs” Abstract: This paper describes the design and development of a large 20 dBi (decibels isotropic) Wi-Fi antenna for a class project in the Communication Circuit Design course. This large antenna is based on smaller Wi-Fi antennas commonly referred to as cantennas (gain of about 10 dBi).
    [Show full text]
  • HAM-MASTERSREPORT-2014.Pdf
    Copyright By Hubert K Ham 2014 The Report committee for Hubert K Ham Certifies that this is the approved version of the following report: Antenna Design Challenge Approved by Supervising Committee: Supervisor: __________________ Hao Ling Co-supervisor: __________________ Catherine Riegle-Crumb Antenna Design Challenge By Hubert K Ham, B.S. Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin August 2014 Antenna Design Challenge By Hubert K Ham, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2014 Supervisor: Hao Ling Co-Supervisor: Catherine Riegle-Crumb Abstract In today’s new and changing world, Science, Technology, Engineering, Math (STEM) education has come to the forefront of educational reform. The expectation for better prepared workers for today’s technology infused businesses requires a better trained student, not only at the post-secondary level, but also at the secondary level. Today’s student has access to technology that could have only been dreamed of 60 years ago. With this need for higher level skills in the STEM field for the work force, it would only be logical to expose students to aspects of engineering in younger grades, particularly at the high school level. The Antenna Design challenge has been designed to expose students to the engineering process and technology that is relevant to their everyday lives. This report will examine how an engineering challenge can be incorporated into the physics classroom, while observing how different levels of scaffolding affect mastery of the material and implementation of the lesson.
    [Show full text]
  • BC-DX 789 05 Jan 2007 ______
    BC-DX 789 05 Jan 2007 ________________________________________________________________________ Private Verwendung der Meldungen fuer Hobbyzwecke ist gestattet, jede kommerzielle Verwendung bedarf der Zustimmung des Newslettereditors. Any items from Glenn Hauser, DX LISTENING DIGEST, and/or World of Radio may be reproduced or broadcast only if full credit be maintained at all stages, from the original source through DXLD, and publications quoting are made available to gh in exchange. A-DX -Information on German spoken A-DX Mailing List read under <http://www.ratzer.at> Reproduction of items from BC-DX / Top Nx is allowed, provided that due credit is given to the contributor and to BC-DX / Top News. Permission is granted to reproduce items of this document by individual hobbyists or non-commercial organizations only. Any commercial use only with prior written consent of the editor of BC-DX / Top News. This file is put together on a voluntary basis and is also included in our WWDXC WWW homepage-German AGDX Club address: <http://topnews.wwdxc.de> or via Link of Homepage: <http://www.wwdxc.de> Both actual and previous week issue are available, previous week under: <http://topnews2.wwdxc.de> e-mail <mail @ wwdxc.de> ALBANIA Der Deutschsprachige Radio Tirana Hoererklub (Leitung: Werner Schubert) ist dabei, seine Web-Praesenz auszubauen. Es werden Informationen zum Hoererklub, aber auch Aktuelles zu Radio Tirana angeboten. Ein Faltblatt mit dem Sendeplan der deutschsprachigen Sendungen von Radio Tirana, den Wochensendungen, allen Adressen etc., kann als pdf-Datei von dort heruntergeladen werden - zur eigenen Verwendung und zum Weitergeben... <http://www.agdx.de/rthk/> (Dr. Anton Kuchelmeister-D, A-DX Jan 1) It may add for information, at least for those with some working knowledge of German, that the German speaking Radio Tirana Listeners Club now also is on web, with a new web site <http://www.agdx.de/rthk/> yet to be expanded over time, with up-to-date information on the German language broadcasts of Radio Tirana.
    [Show full text]
  • &Klsfrq $Ssolfdwlrq 1Rwhi $1
    &KLSFRQ$SSOLFDWLRQ 1RWHÃ $1 $1 SRD Antennas By P. M. Evjen Keywords • Antenna theory • PCB antenna design • Small antennas • Body-worn and handheld antennas Introduction This application note addresses one of the practical aspects of small antennas will be most important issues faced by a designer addressed. of short-range radio systems; the antenna design. Key elements are the antenna size Chipcon is a world-wide distributor of requirements and radiation performance, integrated transceiver chips designed to ease of design and manufacturability. In be used in all kinds of SRDs and with particular the theoretical background and different antenna solutions. Overview The communication range that can be are shown, and a practical design example achieved in a radio system depends very with measurement results is given. The much on the antenna solution. It is design example is based on the CC400DB important to understand the difference Demonstration Board design. between different antennas, and the trade- offs to be made, in order to select the right For long-range systems requiring high antenna solution for a particular efficiency antennas, external resonant application. antennas must be used. An overview of these kinds of antennas is also given. In many SRDs (Short Range Devices) the physical size is restricted, and hence the Applications involving body-worn or antenna ought to be small as well. The handheld devices represent a special important aspects of small antenna design challenge for the antenna design. In the are presented in this application note. end of this note these problems are Several PCB integrated antenna solutions addressed. Chipcon AS AN003 SRD Antennas (Rev.
    [Show full text]