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CHAPTER ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EXISTING 3 ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Introduction

The chapter basically highlights the existing baseline scenario according to the three (3) major environmental components namely physical, biological and socio-economical environments. The existing environment is documented to form a basis for the assessment of potential impacts (either positive or negative) generated from the proposed development onto the surrounding environment. Conversely any existing conditions that are likely to impact upon the proposed development itself will also be discussed.

The prevalent physical and biological environment will be an indicator of the existing nature’s carrying capacity to adapt to the potential impacts generated by the proposed development. While, the socio-economic background of the surrounding areas is established to represent specific aspects of the human environment, which normally poses significant implications in the implementation of the built development. The existing environment is determined for an impact area which extends for five (5) km radius from the boundary of the Project Site. The assessment is profiled according to site surveys and published secondary data (i.e. maps, reports and structure plans) made available by the relevant government agencies.

3.2 Physical Environment

3.2.1 Topography

The topography of the Project Site in relation to the surroundings is shown in Figure 3.1 . Based on the topographical survey plan provided by the licensed surveyor, the morphology of the Project Site shows that the Project Site is generally characterised as undulating terrains with average elevations ranging from RL30m to RL80m above mean sea level. The highest ground (approximately RL 113.89m) lies at the peak of the hill lock in the northern portion of the Project Site while the lowest ground (approximately RL 25.30m) is within the valley of the tributary of Sg. Beranang which is situated at the southwestern boundary of the Project Site as shown in Figure 3.2. The terrain of the Project Site slopes down from the high grounds in the northern and eastern portions towards the valley of the tributary of Sg. Beranang in the middle.

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3.2.2 Hydrology From the hydrological aspect, the Project Site generally lies within the Sg. catchment area as shown in Figure 3.3 . The total acreage of the Sg. Semenyih catchment is approximately 630 km 2 (155,676 ac). However, Sg. Semenyih catchment area at the existing bridge crossing of LEKAS Highway in the vicinity of the Project Site is approximately 268.8 km 2. According to Pengarah Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) Selangor (2012), JPS informed that there was no record of flooding occurring in the vicinity of the Project Site.

The existing topography of the proposed Project Site shows this area Sg. Semenyih Sg. Rinching is drained by natural streams and depressions. Majority of the Project Site (middle and southern portions) is drained by the tributary of Sg. Beranang. Tributary of Sg. Kabul drains the eastern portion of the Sg. Kembong Project Site and the tributary of Sg. PROJECT SITE

Rinching drains the northeastern Sg. Beranang portion of the Project Site while the tributary of Sg. Kembong drains the Sg. Kabul western portion of the Project Site. Sg. Beranang The tributary of Sg. Rinching in the northeastern portion of the Project Site flows into a ponded area due to the platform levels rise by the adjacent development in the eastern region. Both Sg. Kabul and Sg. Kembong flow into Sg. Beranang prior to draining into Sg. Semenyih at Kg. Batu Enam Bangi while Sg. Rinching drains directly into Sg. Semenyih at Kg. Rinching Hilir. Sg. Semnyih will drain into Sg. Langat at Kg. Bukit Piatu and eventually discharges into Straits of Melaka.

Based on the Water Quality Monitoring and Sources of Pollution within the Sg. Langat Map (DOE, 1994) and updated by the Environment Quality Act 1974 (Act 127) as of 20 th April 2013, as well as water intake stations of Puncak Niaga Sdn. Bhd., there are eight (8) water intake points within the Sg. Langat river catchments as shown in Table 3.1 and the nearest water intake points of Sg. Semenyih Water Supply Scheme and Bukit Tampoi Water Treatment Plants are located 14km and 26km downstream from the Project Site respectively as shown in Figure 3.4 .

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Table 3.1: Water Intake Points within the Sg. Langat Water Catchment

Location of the Water Intake Name of River Water Supply Scheme Location from (Water Treatment Plant) the Project Site Longitude Latitude Sg. Langat Water Catchment 101 0 50’ 18” E 30 44’ 42” N Sg. Lolo Sg. Lolo Upstream 101 0 50’ 24” E 30 44’ 36” N Sg. Pangsoon Sg. Pangsoon Upstream 101 0 47’ 12” E 30 05’ 48” N Sg. Serai Sg. Serai Upstream 101 0 47’ 30” E 30 04’ 42” N Sg. Langat Sg. Langat Batu 10 Upstream 101 0 46’ 36” E 30 02’ 36” N Sg. Langat Cheras Batu 11 Upstream 101 0 41’ 23” E 20 54’ 07” N Sg. Semenyih Sg. Semenyih Downstream 101 0 42’ 05” E 20 47’ 05” N Sg. Labu Upstream 101 0 40’ 48” E 20 50’ 48” N Sg. Langat Bukit Tampoi Downstream Source: Environment Quality Act 1974 (ACT 127) as at 20 th April 2013 and Puncak Niaga S/B.

3.2.3 General Geology of the Project Site

The geological information of the Project area as shown in Figure 3.5 , was obtained from the Geological Map of Peninsular (1985) and the Geological Map of Selangor, Sheet 94 (1976), published by the Director-General of Geological Survey Department Malaysia. The Project Site is situated on the metasediments of schists rock type namely Jelebu Schist Formation which consists of mainly phyllite, slate with minor quartz-mica schist and is believed to be probably aged Middle Ordovician to Early Siluran, except the southeastern portion of the Project Site consists essentially of granite (Main Range Granite bodies) which is light grey, coarse grained and exhibit phaneritic-phorphyritic texture and probably aged middle Jurassic to upper Triassic. The sedimentary rocks in the Jelebu Schist Formation have undergone both thermal and regional metamorphism due to the intrusion of the Main Range Granite, resulting in the alteration of the shale and mudstone to phyllite, slate and minor schist.

Based on the geological map, no major discontinuity is found in this area. Local discontinuities could be commonly found in granitic bedrock but since the area is highly weathered and covered by overburden soils with little outcrop seen at the proposed Project Site, therefore assessment of discontinuities could not be carried out. The overburden soils, which derived from the weathered granitic rock generally, consist of sandy CLAY and sandy SILT with some gravel.

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3.2.4 Geological Terrain Mapping

A well-planned development is important to ensure a built up area is safe for human living. In correspond to government’s policy to develop a safe and environmental friendly and integrated agricultural area; this area should be evaluated in terms of its appropriate aspects for future development. Terrain evaluation involves the investigation of landform and terrain related features. This technique is used both to identify land use limitations and to assess in broad terms overall land use suitability. It is used widely as a planning tool and has a major application in the field of geotechnical engineering. In this Geotechnical Area Study, a systematic approach is used to collect, characterize and rationalized the natural variations which occur across the terrain. One of the approaches taken is to perform a geological terrain mapping which involves mainly slope gradient and terrain analysis or classification.

The mapping technique is correlated to Table 3.2 and a series of maps is drawn to derive the classification of the land under study. This report is to fulfil the requirement of Jabatan Mineral and Geosains Selangor/Wilayah Persekutuan (JMGS/WP). Therefore, Advanced Consulting Engineers Sdn. Bhd. has been appointed by Messer Bukit Indah (Selangor) Sdn. Bhd. (currently known as Setia Ecohill 2 Sdn. Bhd.) to carry out the geological terrain mapping on Lot 39, Mukim Beranang, Daerah Hulu Langat, Selangor Darul Ehsan. The Geological Terrain Mapping Report has been submitted to JMGS/WP and the approval has been obtained on the 5th May 2013 with the reference no. :- JMG.SWP(GS)001/12/3Jld5(76) as attached in Appendix 3.

The base map of the Project Site is generated from the as-built or topography survey data provided by licensed surveyor, Ukur Sekitar Sdn. Bhd. Preparation of a slope gradient plan of the Project Site by using digital terrain modeling software (SURFER). The slope angle of each terrain unit is measured along the direction of greatest declivity. This direction, which is normal to the contour, enables the identification of the most limiting slope angle. Each slope gradient group was observed on site and classification grading was given accordingly to their respective attributes as shown in Figure 3.6 . This slope gradient plan is using as a reference when conducting field mapping. Field survey to locate reference points (boundary stone/iron pipe) was conducted by using Global Positioning System (GPS) device. After completion of field mapping, the polygon are digitized and analysis is carried out to produce the thematic maps Geological Classification Terrain Plan and Construction Suitability Plan as shown in Figure 3.7. The terrain attributes are as described in Table 3.2 .

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Table 3.2: Geological Terrain Classification Attributes (Source : Department of Minerals and Geoscience, 2006)

SLOPE TERRAIN CODE ACTIVITY CODE EROSION AND INSTABILITY COVER / TREE 0°-5° 1 Hillcrest/Ridge: A Natural -rock 1 No appreciable erosion: 0 No water seepage a slope: -soil 2 Minor water seepage b Dense Vegetation 6°-15° 2 Sideslope: -straight B -soil & rock 3 Sheet -minor 1 Moderate water seepage c -concave C erosion: -moderate 2 High water seepage d 16°-25° 3 -convex D Cut -rock 4 -severe 3 No water seepage e slope: -soil 5 Minor water seepage f Moderate Vegetation 26°-35° 4 Footslope: -straight E -soil & rock 6 Rill -minor 4 Moderate water seepage g -concave F erosion: -moderate 5 High w ater seepage h 36°-60° 5 -convex G Fill: -rock 7 -severe 6 Soil Slope No water seepage i -soil 8 Sparse Vegetation Minor water seepage j >60° 6 Drainage valley: H -rock & soil 9 Gully -minor 7 (Partially Barren) Moderate water seepage k erosion: -moderate 8 High water seepage l Flood plain: I Terraces: -rock a -severe 9 No water seepage m -soil b Minor water seepage n Coastal plain: K -rock & soil c Well defined recent Barren Moderate wate r seepage p landslide: (diameters) -< 10m a High water seepage q Litoral Zone: L Reclamation: d - 10m -50m b No water seepage R Partially covered with Marshy/ swampy: S Minor water seepage s concrete/bitumen etc. Dense -> 50m c Moderate water seepage t vegetation in uncovered part Wave cut platform: W Mined-out: e High water seepage u Development of general No water seepage v instability: Partially covered with Alluvium plain: X Water -natural stream f -recent n concrete/bitumen etc. Minor water seepage w bodies: -man -made g -relict r Moderate vegetation in Moderate water seepage x channel uncovered part Undulating hill: Y -water storage h High water seepage y -pond l Coastal instability: w Partly Soil No water seepage A Partially covered with Partly Covered Minor water seepage B concrete/bitumen etc. Sparse Colluvium: m Moderate water seepage D vegetation in uncovered part High water seepa ge E Excavated platform: p No water seepage F Partially covered with Minor water seepage G concrete/bitumen etc. Barren in Moderate water seepage H uncovered part High water seepage I No water seepage J Totally covered with Minor water seepage L concrete/bitumen etc Moderate water seepage M High water seepage N EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 3-10

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Generally, the proposed development site is classified into two (2) classes; class I and class II. Table 3.3 shows the summary of the classification characteristics and Figure 3.7 shows the results of the construction suitability plan of proposed Project Site.

Table 3.3: The Summary for the Construction Suitability Plan Classification

Construction Description Area Suitability Class Acre (ac) Hectare (ha) Percentage (%) I Suitable for development 904.40 184.18 89.50 II Suitable for Development 106.10 81.77 10.50 Total 1,010.50 408.94 100.00 Source : Advanced Consulting Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (April, 2013)

Class I areas cover 89.50% of the proposed development site and equals to 904.40 acres. In-situ terrain in this area is less than 15 degrees and no instability is recorded . With low geotechnical limitations these areas are highly suitable for construction due to less foundation problems.

Class II areas cover 10.50% or 106.10 acres of the proposed development site. The development in class II areas requires moderate geotechnical and geological studies due to the geotechnical limitations is moderate and need normal intensity of site investigation.

These two classes of the construction suitability plan of the Project Site are produced from geological terrain classification ( Tables 3.4 and 3.5).

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Table 3.4 : Construction Suitability Classification System

Class Characteristics Class I Class II Class III Class IV Geotechnical Limitations Low Moderate High Extreme Suitability for Development High Moderate Low Probably Unsuitable Engineering Costs for Low Normal High Very high Development Intensity of Site Investigation Normal Normal Intensive Very Intensive Required

1. In-situ terrain <15 ° minor 1. In-situ terrain 15 ° - 25 °, 1. In-situ terrain 25 ° - 35 ° no 1. In-situ terrain >35 ° erosion no instability or severe instability or severe Examples of Terrain 2. In-situ terrain 25 ° - 35 °, erosion erosion 2. Cut platforms in in-situ instability or severe terrain 2. In-situ terrain <15 °, 2. In-situ terrain 15 ° - 25 °, erosion severe erosion history of landslips 3. Colluvium 25 ° - 35 °, 3. Colluvium <15 °, no 3. Colluvium 15 ° - 25 °, moderate erosion instability or severe general instability erosion

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Table 3.5: Construction Suitability Classes And Types Of Site Investigation Required Risk Category Description of Site Investigation

Classes I, II Class III Class IV Category a. Loss of life b. Economic loss

Negligible a. None expected (no occupied Assessment of surrounding geology and As for Class I and II. More detailed As for Class I and II. Area outside premises) topography for indication of stability. geology and topography survey. For the confines of site to be examined for b. Minimal structural damage. Loss Visual examination of soil and rock steeper slopes, information on soil and instability of soil, rock and boulders of access on minor roads forming the site or to be used for the rock joint strength parameters. above the site. embankment. Survey of hydrological features affecting the site. Specialist Advice – Requirement (B) Specialist Advice – Requirement (A) Specialist Advice – Requirement (B)

Low a. Few (only small occupied Geology and topography survey of site and As for Class I and II. Survey of hydrogical As for Class I and II. Extend outside premises threatened). surroundings area. Soil and rock joint features affecting the site. limits of site to permit analyses of b. Appreciable structural damage. strength parameters for foundation and slopes above and below the site. Loss of access on sole access cut slopes. For embankments steeper than Specialist Advice – Requirement (B) roads. 1 on 3, recompacted strength parameters Specialist Advice – Requirement (C) of fill. For cut, information on groundwater level.

Specialist Advice – Requirement (B)

High a. More than a few Detailed geology and topography survey of As for Class I and II. Survey of As for Class I and II. Extend b. Excessive structural damage to site and surrounding area. hydrological features affecting the site. investigations more widely outside residential and industrial Soil and rock joint strength parameters for Extend investigations locally outside limits of site to permit analyses of structures. foundation and cut slopes. limits of the site to permit analyses of stability of slopes above and below the Loss of access on regional trunk Recompacted strength parameters for fill. slopes above and below the site. site. routes. For cut, information on ground water level. Specialist Advice – Requirement (C) Specialist Advice – Requirement (C) Specialist Advice – (B) Note : Requirement for Specialist Advice: A) Services for an experienced geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist not necessary B) Services for an experienced geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist to depend on location relative to developed or developable land C) Services for an experienced geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist essential

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3.2.5 Soil Investigation

Soil investigation was carried out at the Project Site to identify its sub surface condition and to obtain soil parameters for geotechnical design purposes. The soil parameters were obtained from the laboratory test carried out on the soil samples collected from the soil investigation works in the field. Based on the soil investigation (S.I.) conducted by Gagasan Teguh Sdn. Bhd. from 6th March 2013 to 12 th April 2013 under the supervision of the consulting engineer, Hacent Consultant, with a total of fourteen (14) deep boreholes were drilled within the site. The locations of boreholes are determined through site visit, site walkover by personal from Megasoil Engineering Sdn. Bhd. The location of the boreholes within the Project Site is shown in Figure 3.8 and the summary of the Soil investigation results are as elaborated in sub-section below.

3.2.5.1 Sub-surface Profile

Based on the borehole results, the thickness of the soil (overburden) varies considerably depending on the positions of the boreholes at topographic high or low topographic. The thickness of the soil (overburden) shall be within approximately 6.00m to 24.00m of soil layers consists of mainly sandy SILT and sandy Clay before encountering the hard layer (SPT-N >50 blows). Rock formation is encountered only at BH33 and BH 40. The rock is classified as poor, slightly weathered fractured GRANITE. Meanwhile, groundwater table ranges from 4.60m to 17.20m bgl.

3.2.5.2 Rock Properties

Rock formation is encountered only at BH33 and BH 40. For BH33, the rock encountered at 19.0m bgl to 23.5m bgl were poor slightly weathered fractured GRANITE with RQD ranges from 36% to 47%. Rock at BH 40 was poor to fair slightly weathered fractured GRANITE with RQD ranges from 37% to 54% between 24.5m bgl to 27.5m bgl as listed in Table 3.6. There is no rock test conducted in the laboratory test.

3.2.5.3 Ground Water Table

Ground water table was measured during and after the drilling of boreholes. The highest recorded ground water table is at 4.60m bgl and the lowest recorded is 17.20m bgl. The ground water levels were also given in Table 3.6.

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Table 3.6 : Borehole details Borehole No. Ground Level Hard Layer Rock Level Termin ation GWT (m.bgl) (m.RL) (m.bgl) (m.bgl) Depth (m.bgl) 16 60.00 12.00 - 25.50 13.20 21 42.50 9.00 - 22.50 6.30 22 45.00 10.50 - 24.41 7.20 23 55.00 18.00 - 27.40 15.30 24 32.50 19.50 - 28.50 7.40 25 51.00 15.00 - 28.50 6.30 33 46.00 6.00 19.00 23.50 12.60 34 52.50 9.00 - 24.41 7.10 35 55.00 12.00 - 25.91 12.30 36 100.00 24.00 - 35.95 7.20 37 87.50 6.00 - 42.43 17.20 38 52.50 - - 45.45 5.70 39 82.00 15.00 - 30.43 4.60 40 50.00 22.50 24.50 27.50 4.60 Notes: 1) Hard layer refers to subsoil strata with SPT’N > 50 before rock coring. 2) All the water levels were obtained during SI works (Before and completion of drilling works) 3) Bgl = Below ground level

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3.2.6 Soil

Based on the Reconnaissance Soil Map of Peninsular Malaysia ( Pindaan 2002), published by the Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia, the Project Site is situated on sedentary soils namely the Munchong- Association which is developed on parent materials which are predominantly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks except the southeastern portion of the Project Site is situated on sedentary soils namely the Rengam Series which is developed on parent materials which are predominantly granitic rocks as shown in Figure 3.9. The sedentary soil type is developed in situ from local parental rocks on undulating plains to rolling land. Soil formation is usually controlled by the land slopes. Consequently, soil on hill tops is more juvenile and shallower than those on the lower slopes. The soil in the Project Site is permeable to water, thus the topsoil with no vegetation cover is easily erodable when exposed to rainfall.

According to Wong (1970), the Munchong Series is derived from ferruginous silty and clayey shales, phyllites and low grade schists are with occasional bands of quartzite and vein quartz, which is developed on undulating to rolling terrain. The thin humid top soil is underlain by a friable strong brown to brownish yellow (7.5YR 5/6 – 10YR 5/6) soils with texture of sandy clay loam or silty clay loam. There is moderate development of medium sized subangular blocky structures and discontinuous clayskin on ped faces and lining pores. Munchong Series soils are Class I and II soils (refer to Appendix 4 ) because they are uniformly deep, friable and easily permeable to water while not subject to waterlogging. Their high clay content is another desirable property for the proper growth of crops since the clay they contain is more retentive of plant nutrients than silt or sand.

Seremban Series is developed on quartz-mica schists which are frequently intermixed with phyllites and vein quartz. These soils occur in undulating to hilly (4 o – 20 o) terrains. A characteristic feature of the Seremban Series soils is the presence of quartz gravels and angular pebbles in the subsoil together with platy laterized schists or pyllites pebbles. The presence of a moderately high content of loose laterized pebbles within the profile, the Seremban Series soils have been placed in Class III.

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The colour of the Rengam Series soil is brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) to yellowish red (7.5YR 6/8) and slightly acidic with an average pH of 4.6. The consistence in the subsoil is friable to firm and the structure is moderately developed medium subangular blocky. A good indication of the higher clay content in the subsoil is the presence of thin coatings of clay along root channels and structural faces of the soil. In deep cuttings the soil close to bedrock is streaked with yellowish red and red colours due to the oxidized iron which has been released through the weathering of the micas and hornblendes in the granite. The residual soil of this formation consists of stiff clayey SILT with reddish brown in colour.

When topsoil exposed with no vegetation cover, these soils are subject to slumping, gullying and sheet erosion. Slumping normally occurs on exposed cuttings. Gullying is less extensive, occurring mainly where the terrain becomes hilly. Sheet erosion, on the other hand, can be quite intensive especially in newly cleared areas where the organic topsoil can be washed away leaving truncated subsoil bare of organic matter.

3.2.7 Groundwater

The hydrogeological map of the Project Site as shown in Figure 3.10, was extracted from the Hydrogeological Map of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory (2008) published by Jabatan Mineral and Geosains (JMG) Malaysia. The Project Site is located on high potential aquifer regime of this region except the southeastern portion of the Project Site is located on low potential aquifer regime.

Based on the hydrogeological map, the nearby tube wells are located at Bangi which is approximately 7 km west from the proposed Project Site, could be correlated to the high potential aquifer regime’s groundwater volume and tube well in Beranang which is approximately 3 km east from the proposed Project Site, could be correlated to the low potential aquifer regime’s groundwater volume. These active tube wells of Bangi and Beranang indicate that the groundwater could yield >20.0 meter 3/hour and <5.0 meter 3/hour respectively. The quality and potability of the water were fresh and generally potable with total dissolved solid (TDS) less than 1,500mg/l for tube wells. All these tube wells are used for industrial purposes. In connection with this information, the groundwater quality and yield are expected to be similar.

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3.2.8 Landuse 3.2.8.1 Landuse of the Impact Area

The area within the arbitrary radius of 5 km from the boundary of the Project Site has been defined as the impact area (refer to Figure 3.11). The landuse of the impact area is extracted from the Landuse Map of Selangor, Putrajaya & Kuala Lumpur (2010), published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia and some demarcations of various landuse have been amended based on the field survey (2013). The detailed breakdown for the landuse of the impact area is presented in Table 3.7.

Agricultural land areas are the prevalent landuse, with a total area of 15,298.14 acres (49.77% of the impact area). The main cultivated crops in the vicinity of the Project Site are the oil palm and rubber which cover approximately 10,124.19 acres (32.94%) and 3,436.62 acres (11.18%) of the impact area. Most of the rubber and oil palm plantations are represented by Rinching Estate, Glengowrie Estate, Balau Estate, Tembahru Estate, Bangi Estate, Barefield Estate, Saringgit Estate, Connemara Estate, Pajam Estate, Estate and Dunedin Estate.

Landuse components classified under settlements & associated non-agricultural areas consist of urban and associated areas, recreational areas, cemetery, railway, power lines, quarry & ex-quarry are the second predominant landuse of the impact area i.e., 11,974.28 acres or 38.96%. These urbanized areas are usually in the form of townships and settlements/ villages areas in the vicinity to the Project Site. Consequently, the urban environment namely Taman Bahagia, Taman Desa Anggerik, Bandar Rinching Seksyen 1, 2, 5 & 6 Taman Pelangi Semenyih, Kg.Rinching Tengah, Bandar Tasik Kesuma, Bandar , Taman Melor, Taman Mulia, Taman Dahlia, Taman Jaya, Bayu Lake Homes, Taman Anggerik, Perdana College Height as well as industrial area of Industrial Park, Beranang Industrial Area, and Mahkota Industrial Area which are among the nearest receptors to the Project Site, occupies approximately 9,708.65 acres or 31.59% of the total impact area. Recreational areas (i.e., College Heights Garden Resort and Staffield Golf & Country Resort) cover 1.23% of the impact area. Apart from the settlement and recreational areas, about 0.07% of the impact area is covered by cemetery. Consequently, road/highway (i.e. LEKAS Highway, Jalan Semenyih and Jalan Bangi) covers 4.55% impact area while railway track makes up of only 0.41 % of the impact area and power line right of way makes up of 279.10 acres or 0.91% of the impact area and an ex solid waste disposal area at Sg.Kembong Landfill area covered 0.11% of the impact area. Besides that, about 28.64 acres (0.09% of the total impact area) of land in the southwest of the project site is classified as quarry or ex-quarry areas.

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Table 3.7: Landuse of the Impact Area (within the arbitrary radius of 5 km)

Landuse Categories Total Area Percentage (%) (ha) (ac) Settlements & Associated Non- Agricultural Areas Urban & Associated Areas 3,929.00 9,708.65 31.59 Recreational Areas 153.35 378.94 1.23 Cemetery 8.75 21.63 0.07 Highway/ Main Road 565.4 1,397.12 4.55 Railway 50.74 125.37 0.41 Power Lines 112.95 279.10 0.91 Solid waste disposal site 14.1 34.83 0.11 Quarry & Ex-Quarry 11.59 28.64 0.09 Subtotal 4, 845.83 11,974.28 38.96 Agricultural Land Mixed Horticulture 522.92 1,292.15 4.20 Oil Palm 4,097.12 10,124.19 32.94 Rubber 1,390.75 3,436.62 11.18 Orchards 31.71 78.36 0.25 Other Crop 38.19 94.37 0.31 Sugarcane 18.91 46.73 0.15 Banana 36.9 91.19 0.30 Grass Nursery 54.44 134.53 0.44 Subtotal 6,190.94 15,298.14 49.77 Forested Land Idle Grassland 386.26 954.48 3.11 Scrubs 460.02 1,136.73 3.70 Secondary Forest 40.38 99.78 0.32 Swampy Forest 24.42 60.34 0.20 Subtotal 911.08 2,251.33 7.32 Others Cleared Land 381.96 943.84 3.07 River 86.68 214.18 0.70 Water body 21.76 53.78 0.17 Subtotal 490.4 1,211.8 3.94 Total 12,438. 30 30,735.55 100.00

Source: Figures obtained from the Landuse Map of Selangor, Putrajaya & Kuala Lumpur (2010) & field survey (2013)

Other cultivations are found within the impact area are, mixed horticulture which makes up approximately 4.20 % of land is cultivated with local fruits and vegetables and can be found within

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the settlement/villages areas such as within Kg. Sg. Kembong Hulu, Kg. Sg. Kembong Hilir, Kg. Jalan Bangi, Kg. Sg. Rinching, Kg. Sesapan Batu, Kg. Sesapan Kelubi, Kg.Kuala Pajam, Kg.Sg.Purun, Kg.S.Machang, Kg.Jalan Enam Kaki and Kg.Danching, while orchards (0.25%), other crops (0.31%) as well as sugarcane (0.15%), banana (0.3%) and grass nursery (0.44%).

Forested land i.e., Idle Grassland covers of approximately 954.48 acres (3.11 % of the total impact area) while scrubs occupies 1,136.73 acres (3.7% of the total impact area). Secondary forest occupies a total area of 99.78 acres (0.32% of the total impact area) and swampy forest occupies a total area of 60.4 acres (0.20% of the total impact area).

Other landuse that can be found is the newly cleared land (3.07%), river (i.e. Sg. Semenyih, Sg. Rinching, Sg. Kembong and Sg. Beranang) covers of 0.7% of total impact area and water body covers of approximately 0.17% of the impact area.

The following section details out the landuse pattern of the impact area within each kilometer from the boundary of the Project Site:

Radius Landuse

0 - 250m North Other landuses: Connemara Estate

South Other landuses: Rubber Plantation

West Settlement : Kg.Sg.Kembong Other landuses: Connemara Estate, Quarry & Ex-quarry area, waterbody, shrubs

East Settlement : Kg.Sesapan Kelubi , Bandar Tasik Kesuma Other landuses: Beranang Industrial Area, Mahkota Industrial Area, Cleared land 250m – 500m North Other landuses: Connemara Estate South Other la nduses: Rubber Plantation West Settlement : Kg.Sg.Kembong Other landuses: Connemara Estate, Quarry & Ex-quarry area, waterbody, Jalan Enam Kaki, shrubs East Settlement : Kg.Sesapan Kelubi, Bandar Tasik Kesuma Other landuses: Beranang Industrial Area, Mahkota Industrial Area, Cleared land

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Cont’d

Radius Landuse 500m – 750m North Other landuses: Connemara Estate

South Settlement : Kg. Semata , Kg.Bukit Batu Other landuses: Rubber Plantation, banana plantation West Settlement : Kg.Sg.Kembong Other landuses: Connemara Estate, Jalan Enam Kaki, East Settlement : Kg.Sesapan Kelubi, Bandar Tasik Kesuma Other landuses: Beranang Industrial Area, Mahkota Industrial Area, Cleared land Other landuses: Connemara Estate 750m – 1km North Settlement : Kg. Semata, Kg.Kuala Pajam South Other landuses: Rubber Plantation, banana plantation, scrubs, orchard, Sg.Beranang Settlement : Kg.Sg.Kembong West Other landuses: Connemara Estate, Jalan Enam Kaki, Sg.Beranang Settlement : Kg.Sesapan Kelubi, Bandar Tasik Kesuma East Other landuses: Beranang Industrial Area, Mahkota Industrial Area, Cleared land, rubber plantation Settlement : Kg. Rinching Tengah, Kg.Sg.Rinching, Bandar Tasik Kesuma . 1km – 2km North Other landuses: Connemara Estate, shrubs, LEKAS Expressway

Settlement : Kg.Kuala Pajam , Kg.Jalan Enam Kaki South Other landuses: Rubber Plantation, banana plantation, scrubs, orchard, Sg.Beranang

Other landuses: Connemara Estate, Sg. Beranang , scrubs, R&R West Beranang LEKAS Expressway, Previous Sg,Kembong landfill area

Settlement : Bandar Tasik Kesuma , Kg.Pekan Kechil Beranang , East Other landuses: Beranang Industrial Area, Jalan Semenyih, scrubs

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Cont’d Radius Landuse Settlement : Kg.Sg.Rinching, Bandar Tasik Kesuma, Bandar Rinching 2km – 3km North Seksyen 5 & 6 Other landuses: Cleared land of Setia Eco Hill development, Cleared land for Pelangi Semenyih 2 development, Jalan Bangi Lama, LEKAS Expressway Settlement : Staffield Golf & Country Club, Bayu Lake Homes, Perdana South College Height Other landuses: Idle Grassland, orchard, Pajam Estate, Jalan Semenyih, LEKAS Expressway. Settlement : Kg.Batu Tiga, Kg. Rinching Hilir, Kg.Sg.Kembong Hilir , West Ayamas Sdn. Bhd. Other landuses: Sg.Semenyih, Sugarcane Plantation, Powerline, schrubs, Tembahru Estate, Railway track, Sg.Beranang East Settlement : Bandar Tasik Kesuma, Kg.Sesapan Batu , Kg.Sesapan Minangkabau, Kg.Sg.Machang, Kg.Pekan Kechil Beranang, Kg.Bukit Other landuses: Powerline, idle grassland, rubber plantation, cleared land 3km – 4km North Settlement: Kg . Sg.Purun, Bandar Rinching Seksyen 1 & 2, Taman Pelangi Semenyih Other landuse: LEKAS Expressway, Jalan Semenyih, cleared land for Pelangi Semenyih 2 development, powerline, Dunedin Estate. South Settlement: Kg.Batan g Benar, Perdana College Height, College Tunku Jaafar, Taman Melor Other landuse: Idle Grassland, Railway track, Kg. KTM

Station, LEKAS Expressway, schrus, Mantin Estate, Rubber Plantation, Jalan Semenyih. West Settlement: Kg.Bangi Lima, Kg.B angi, Bandar Bukit Mahkota. Other landuse: Jalan Bangi Lama, Dunein Kajang Estate, Sg.Semenyih, Other crops, rubber plantation, KTM Railway track, Power line, Nilai

Industrial Park

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Cont’d Radius Landuse

East Settlement: Bandar Tasik Kesuma, Kg.Sesapan Batu, Kg.Danching, Kg.Sungai Jai, Kg.Kuala Sungai Machang Other landuse: Powerline, cleared land, rubber plantation, Idle Grassland 4km – 5km North Settlement: Taman Bahagia, Taman Desa Anggerik, Kem PGA, Taman Jaya Other landuse: Waterbody, scrubs, LEKAS Expressway, Sg.Semenyih, Jalan Semenyih, Barefield Estate, Saringgit Estate, Balau Esetate, powerline, cleared land South Settlement: Taman Melor, Taman Dahlia, Kg.Baharu Pajam, Taman Mulia, Taman Anggerik Pajam Other landuse: Cleared land, Secondary Forest, swampy forest, LEKAS Expressway, Mantin Estate, Pajam Estate, KTM Railway track West Settlement: Kolej Islam Antarabangsa, Bandar Bukit Mahkota, Kawasan Perindustrian Nilai 3 Other landuse: KTM Railway track, Dunedin Estate, Bangi Estate, Jalan Bangi Lama, powerline, scrubs East Settlement: Kg.Sesapan Batu, Kg.Sungai Boh Other landuse: Power Line, Saringggit Estate, Balau Estate, Glengowrie Estate, cleared Land, scrubs

3.2.8.2 Landuse of the Project Site

The Project Site which covers approximately 3.39% of the total impact area mainly comprises of oil palm trees, rubber trees and shrubs.

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3.2.8.3 Immediate Surrounding Developments to the Project Site

Landuse surrounding to the Project site are mainly consists of residential, industrial and secondary vegetation. Immediate receptors to the Proposed Project will be Mutiara Apartment and scattered houses of Kg. Sesapan Kelubi and Kg. Bukit Batu which located approximately 350m, 90m and 200m from the nearest existing house to the boundary of the Project Site. In addition, there are Beranang Industrial Area and Mahkota Industrial Area located along the eastern region of the Project Site. The factories located along the eastern boundary to the proposed Project Site are: i. Beranang Industrial Area  Wood factory  Cosmo Seiko (M) Sdn. Bhd. – plastic injection moulding manufacturer  NSL Eastern Pretech Sdn. Bhd. – manufacturing precast concrete products and premixed plasters and mortars. ii. Mahkota Industrial Area  Step Furniture Manufacturer Sdn. Bhd. – furniture manufacture  QP Industries - supplier of bitumen based products.  Alpha Hope Sdn. Bhd. - manufacturing of hospital bed and accessories  Aluworld Extrusion Sdn. Bhd. - supplier of aluminium extrusion Apart from that, there is a buffalo shed observed at southwestern region out of the Project area. Existing nearest receptors with distances of the Project Site is shown in Figure 3.12.

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Figure 3.12: Distance to the Nearest Receptors of the Project Site

~350m – Distance from the Legend: Mutiara Apartment nearestexisting house nearest to the house boundary to the of Wood factory theboundary Project of Site. the Project Site. 1 Cosmo Seiko (M) Sdn. 2 Bhd. 1 NSL Eas tern Pretech Sdn. 3 Bhd. STEP Furniture 2 Beranang Industrial Area 4 Manufacturer Sdn. Bhd. QP Industries Sdn. Bhd. Kg. Sg. 3 5 Kembong Hulu Alpha Hope Sdn. Bhd. 6

4 Mahkota Industrial Area Aluworld Extrusion Sdn. 7 Bhd. 5 6 7

Kg. Sesapan Kelubi

~90m – Distance from the existing nearest house to the boundary of the Project Site. ~200m – Distance from the ~200m- Distance from the existing nearest house to the existing nearest house to the boundary of the Project Site. boundary of the Project Site Kg. Bukit Batu

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3.2.9 Climate

The characteristic features of the climate in Peninsular Malaysia are uniform temperature, high humidity and heavy annual precipitation throughout the whole year. The Peninsular also experiences monsoon climate and the variation in rainfall dependent on periodic changes in the prevailing wind, is the most important seasonal features. For example, the Northeast and Southwest Monsoons bring heavy thunderstorms to the east and west coasts respectively. With reference to the Malaysian Meteorological Service (MMS, 1999-2012), the nearest meteorological station to the Project Site is Kuala Lumpur International Airport, , which is located at a latitude of 02 o44’N and a longitude of 101 o42’E. A baseline climatic information presented in these subchapters on the Project Site will be established based on the climatological data (i.e. rainfall, evaporation, temperature and relative humidity) recorded from is Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang (as attached in Appendix 5 ).

3.2.9.1 Temperature

The monthly temperature recorded at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang, from the year 1999-2012 remains relatively stable throughout the year with average monthly variations not exceeding 2.0 oC. The lowest and highest 24 Hour Mean Temperature were 26.9 oC (in the year of 2008) and 28.4 oC (in the year of 2005) respectively.

3.2.9.2 Rainfall Pattern

The rainfall data recorded at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang, from the year 1999- 2012 shows a fluctuating distribution pattern with the year of 2003 having the heaviest total annual rainfall (i.e. 2,657.1 mm) while the year of 2005 was the driest year with 1,450.9 mm of total annual rainfall. The average of the total annual rainfall from the year 1999-2012 was recorded at approximately 2,020.2 mm.

3.2.9.3 Relative Humidity

The lowest and highest 24 Hour Mean Relative Humidity recorded at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang, from the year 1999-2012 were 72.9% (in the year of 2005) and 83.6% (in the year of 2011) respectively.

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3.2.9.4 Evaporation

Evaporation data recorded at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang, from the year 1999- 2012 obtained were given daily. The highest mean daily evaporation was in the year of 2012 with 4.5 mm while the lowest mean daily evaporation was in the years of 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2008 with 3.9 mm.

3.2.9.5 Water Balance

The difference between rainfall and evaporation data will indicate the amount left behind in the environment. This is known as the water balance parameter and it is used to guide construction schedule and any activities that are related to land clearing in order to minimize the amount of earth materials being eroded into the waterways system during heavy thunderstorms.

In order to estimate the water balance value, both rainfall and evaporation have to be in the same unit and period of time. The rainfall was recorded monthly, but the evaporation value was given daily in the Annual Summary of Meteorological Observations from 1999-2012. Therefore, the mean daily evaporation is multiplied by the number of days of each month for that particular year in order to obtain the mean monthly evaporation records of the Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang. Subsequently, every month of each year from 1999 to 2012 for both rainfall and evaporation is averaged out. The average monthly rainfall data for each month from the year 1999-2012, subtract the average evaporation data and as a result average water balance for each month is established. The rainfall, evaporation, and water balance data are presented in Figure 3.13. Positive water balance indicates that there is excess water retained in the environment while negative water balance indicates that the evaporation process exceeds precipitation. The highest water balance was in November (i.e., +151.8 mm), i.e., the month with the heaviest rainfall, while the lowest was in May (i.e., -20.3 mm). The period with low water balance was observed during the months of January to March and May to August of the year.

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Figure 3.13 : Indicative Water Balance at the Project Area

5 0 0 .0

4 0 0 .0

3 0 0 .0

m m 2 0 0 .0

1 0 0 .0

0 .0

M o nth

- 1 0 0 .0 J a n F e b M a r A p r M a y J u n J u l A u g S e p O c t N o v D e c R ainfall (mm ) 1 5 5 .6 1 4 3 . 0 1 5 5 .4 1 99 .3 1 0 9 .9 1 0 8 . 4 1 6 6 . 3 1 3 7 .8 1 9 4 .9 2 0 1 .7 2 6 2 . 8 1 8 5 .2 Mean M onthly Ev aporation (m m ) 124.7 128.9 138.6 125.8 130.2 123.6 126.0 125.3 122.6 127.1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 2 .5 D erived W ater Balanc e (m m ) 3 0 .9 1 4 .1 1 6 . 8 7 3 .5 -2 0 .3 -1 5. 2 4 0 . 3 1 2 .5 7 2 .3 7 4 .6 1 5 1 . 8 7 2 . 7

Source : Malaysian Meteorological Services, 2013 & Europasia Engineering Services Sdn. Bhd., 2013.

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3.2.9.6 Wind Rose

The wind rose data used in this report was taken from the station located at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Sepang. The annual wind rose summary is shown in Figure 3.14. The percentage of calm, which indicated by the centre of the wind rose, is 8.9%. The northeast, east and south wind has the highest velocity (i.e. 5.5 – 7.9m/s) when compared to other directional winds. The highest frequency of wind occurrence is from the north with the percentage of 14.6%. The percentages of various wind directions are given in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8 : Annual Percentage Frequency of Various Wind Directions and Speeds

Year : 1999-2012 Station: Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang Period: All 24 hours

Speed Annual (m/s) N NE E SE S SW W NW Calm Total <0.3 ------8.8 8.9 0.3 – 1.5 8.7 5.6 5.0 5.6 4.4 3.2 4.5 5.3 - 42.3 1.6 – 3.3 5.1 6.0 3.8 5.6 5.4 3.6 3.0 2.9 - 35.4 3.4 – 5.4 0.8 2.3 0.9 1.6 2.4 1.2 0.9 0.8 - 10.9 5.5 – 7.9 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.7 8.0 – 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 >10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 Total 14.6 14.4 9.8 12.8 12.3 8.0 8.4 9.0 8.9

Note: N = North E = East S = South W = West NE = North-east SE = South-east SW = South-west NW = North-west Source: Malaysian Meteorological Service, 2013

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Figure 3.14: Wind Rose Pattern at Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang

• Location of the Project Site relative to Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sepang.

Source : Malaysian Meteorological Service, 2013

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3.2.10 Water Quality

3.2.10.1 Field Survey Methodology

The baseline water sampling session was conducted on the 27 th February 2013 representing two monitoring sessions i.e., morning and evening. The sampling and analysis was conducted by a DSM- accredited laboratory, i.e., Permulab Sdn. Bhd. Basically, the weather on the day sampling was recorded as clear.

Ten (10) water-sampling points (denoted as W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8, W9 and W10) are positioned as such to give a representative picture of the water quality prior to the implementation of the proposed Project. The description of each sampling point is tabulated below and location of the sampling points is indicated in Figure 3.15.

Quality Index (WQI) for each sample is derived from six of the parameters determined i.e. pH, DO,

BOD 5, COD, TSS and NH 3-N. The calculated WQI are then classified according to the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia to indicate their respective streams usability. The water quality interpretation will be made in accordance to its three major characteristics (i.e., physical, chemical and biological) against the Class IIA Limits of the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia due to the existence of water intake downstream points. Besides this, discussion on the various probable sources of the identified contaminants whilst referring to the site survey log, topography map and the surrounding landuse.

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Table 3.9: Sampling Site Description Summary

Plate Designation Details Coordinates : 2°53’16.9” N, 101°50’44.5 E W1 Represents the Description : tributary of Sg. Moderate flowing water. Visually water looks Beranang from the slightly clear. southern portion Surrounding Landuse : Oil Palm plantation of the Project Site. and secondary vegetation.

Coordinates : W2 2°53’04.7”N, 101°50’12.1”E Represents the Description : tributary of Sg. Slow flowing water. Visually water looks Beranang, at turbid. southwestern part out of the Project Surrounding Landuse: Secondary vegetation Site. and buffalo rearing area.

Coordinates : 2°53’54.0”N, 101°50’25.9”E

W3 Description : Represents the Moderate flowing water. Visually water looks upstream of Sg. slightly clear. Kembong Surrounding Landuse: Rubber plantation and secondary vegetation.

Coordinates : 2°54’05.3”N, 101°51’07.3”E W4 Description : Represents the Slow flowing river. Visually water looks clear. tributary of Sg. Rinching. Surrounding Landuse: Oil palm plantation, secondary vegetation and buffalo shed.

Coordinates : W5 2° 55’ 06.1” N, 101° 50’ 46.7” E

Sg. Rinching Description : Fast flowing river. Visually water looks turbid.

Surrounding Landuse: Settlement of Kg. Rinching Hulu and secondary vegetation.

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Table 3.9: Sampling Site Description Summary (cont..)

Plate Designation Details Coordinates : 2°52’37.3”N , 101°51’59.6”E W6 Description : Represent Fast flowing river. Visually water looks turbid. upstream of Sg. Beranang, Surrounding Landuse: Settlement of Kg. Sesapan Kelubi and secondary vegetation.

Coordinates : 2°53’11.4”N, 101°48’16.7”E W7 Description : Represents the Fast flowing river. Visually water looks turbid. downstream of Sg.Beranang Surrounding Landuse: Settlement of Kg. Sg. Kembong Hilir, fish pond and secondary vegetation.

Coordinates : 2°54’53.1”N, 101° 49’ 16.8” E W8 Description : Represents the Fast flowing river. Visually water looks turbid. upstream of Sg. Semenyih Surrounding Landuse: Settlement of Kg. Batu Tiga Jalan Bangi, oil palm plantation and secondary vegetation.

Coordinates : 2° 54’ 14.2” N, 101°48’31.5”E W9 Description : Sg. Semenyih, Fast flowing river. Visually water looks slightly After confluence of turbid. Sg. Rinching and Sg. Semenyih Surrounding Landuse: Settlement area of Kg. Rinching Hilir, oil palm plantation and

secondary vegetation. Coordinates : W10 2° 53’ 42.6” N, 101°47’34.3”E

Sg. Semenyih, Description : After confluence of Fast flowing river. Visually water looks slightly Sg. Beranang and turbid. Sg. Semenyih Surrounding Landuse: Oil palm plantation, on going road works project and settlement.

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Table 3.10 : Water Quality Analysis for Sampling Point W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8, W9 and W10

TEST Sampling Location

PARAMETERS

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 Class IIA # Represents the Represents the Represents the Represents the Sg. Rinching. Represent Represents the Represents the Sg. Semenyih, Sg. Semenyih, tributary of Sg. upstream of Sg. tributary of Sg. upstream of Sg. downstream of upstream of Sg. After confluence tributary of Sg. After confluence of Beranang from the Beranang, at Kembong Rinching. Beranang, Sg.Beranang Semenyih of Sg. Rinching and Sg. Beranang and Sg. Semenyih southern portion of southwestern part Sg. Semenyih the Project Site. out of the Project Site. Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening pH (on-site) 6.0 - 9.0 6.58 6.24 6.77 6.70 6.34 6.53 6.17 6.44 6.48 6.10 6.44 6.46 6.05 6.18 6.10 6.24 5.81 5.6 5.93 5.77

Temperature (on- - 27.2 27.0 26.9 27.0 28.0 28.3 28.2 28.4 27.4 27.7 28.0 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.7 28.8 28.4 28.6 29.1 28.7 site), ( °C) Dissolved Oxygen 5 - 7 7.2 6.9 6.4 6.4 7.0 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.9 6.2 5.8 5.5 (on-site), (mg/L) COD, (mg/L) 25 10.8 7.7 12.3 13.9 6.2 7.7 7.7 10.8 13.9 10.8 7.7 6.2 10.8 9.2 12.3 15.4 9.2 13.9 15.4 10.8

BOD , (mg/L) 3 5 2.6 3.2 4.5 3.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.4 8.8 4.9

Total Suspended 50 16 18 136 102 4 2 2 9 276 250 59 76 73 77 101 191 288 98 300 276 Solids, (mg/L) Oil & Grease, 40 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND (mg/L) Ammoniacal 0.3

Nitrogen as NH 3-N, 0.07 0.07 1.34 2.04 0.21 0.14 0.20 0.27 0.30 0.30 0.22 0.30 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.09 0.48 0.27 0.61 0.50 (mg/L) E. coli Count NR (MPN), 27 22 26 32 33 32 34 26 26 32 17 17 27 32 33 27 40 33 26 32 (org/100mL) Water Quality 92 92 77 76 92 93 91 89 80 81 86 85 85 87 84 83 78 80 71 75 Index Classification (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class III) (Class II) (Class I) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class II) (Class III) (Class III) and Uses Slightly Slightly Slightly Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Clean Polluted Polluted Polluted Class I : Water Supply I - Practically no treatment necessary. Fishery I - Very sensitive aquatic species. Class IIA : Water Supply II – conventional treatment required; Class IIB : Recreational use with body contact; Class III : Water Supply III – extensive treatment required; Estimated 0.05 0.69 0.01 0.004 0.48 1.04 0.80 3.58 2.36 2.19 Flowrate, m 2/s

* Source: Permulab Sdn. Bhd.2013 # National Water Quality Standard for Malaysia, Class IIA. ND - Not Detected. NR - No Recommendation

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3.2.10.2 Physical Water Quality Description

The laboratories analysis results show that the pH values range between 5.6 (W9) and 6.7 (W2). The water temperature recorded at all four sampling points were normal with a temperature range of 27-29 0C with very little variation throughout the day.

The TSS levels recorded at all sampling points were not complying with the Class IIA Limit of 50mg/L for both sampling sessions except for point W1 (tributary of Sg. Beranang from the southern portion of the Project Site), W3 (upstream of Sg. Kembong) and W4 (tributary of Sg. Rinching) for morning and evening sessions.

3.2.10.3 Chemical Water Quality Description

The analysis shows that most of the values determined at all points in terms of chemical water quality parameters (COD and BOD 5) comply with the recommended Class IIA limits of the NWQS.

The biochemical oxygen demand or BOD 5 parameter is defined as the amount of oxygen required by the bacteria while stabilizing organic matter under aerobic condition (Sawyer et al, 1994). Generally, the values for all sampling points were higher than the Class IIA Limits of 3 mg/L mainly at sampling points W2, W4, W7, W8, W9 and W10. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) test measures most of the organic compounds and oxidiziable mineral salts of sulfides, sulfites, etc. All samples collected were well within the stipulated limit of 25 mg/L for both sessions. Apart from that, it was also noted that ammoniacal nitrogen detected at all points and the results recorded at tributary of Sg. Beranang (W2) and Sg. Semenyih (W9 and W10) are higher than the recommended limit of 0.3mg/l.

Considering that the surrounding area is dominantly covered with oil palm plantation, housing area, industrial area and orchards, high level of these parameters are most probably due to the anthropogenic activities and organic waste from the surrounding settlements, buffalo shed as well industrial area, usage of pesticide or fertilizer in the plantation and also probably due the decaying of vegetation.

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3.2.10.4 Biological Water Quality Description

Biological water quality parameter determination is represented by the E. coli (MPN) concentration, which indicates faecal contamination (i.e., human or animal excrement). The results indicated that E. coli detected at all sampling points.

3.2.10.5 Determination of Water Quality Index

The water quality indices (WQI) determination is for ten (10) sampling points. The computed results showed that all sampling points fall under Class I, II and III of the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia. Generally, the water quality is clean and acceptable for recreation except for tributary of Sg. Beranang at southwestern region of the Project Site (W2) and Sg. Semenyih (W10) which falls under Class III which is slightly polluted.

3.2.11 Air Quality Assessment

The existing air quality was determined at A1, A2 and A3 (refer to Figure 3.15) with sampling conducted by Permulab Sdn. Bhd. from the 27 th to 28 th of February 2013 which were designated at the sampling points as follows ;

Table 3.11: Description of Air Monitoring Sampling Stations

Sampling Location Location Description

Located at Kg. Sesapan Kelubi 02o 53’05.2’N, Surrounding contributors: Point A1 101 o 51’33.4’E • Factory activities • Human activities Located at Kg. Sg. Kembong Hulu o 02 53’26.7’N, Surrounding contributors: Point A2 o 101 49’47.9’E • Human activities • Vehicles movement within residential area. Located a t sawmill factory within Beranang Industrial 02o 54’04.8’N, Park near to Baiduri Apartment. Point A3 101 o 51’18.0’E Surrounding contributors: • Factory activities. • Site clearing activities. Source: Europasia Engineering Services Sdn. Bhd, 2013

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Pre-calibrated pump extracts air samples which are then analysed for nitrogen oxides (NO x) and

sulphur oxides (SO x) contents. NO x and SO x levels are determined by colorimetric analysis. Other criterion for ambient air quality is the total suspended particulate (TSP), which were determined and analysed by the High Volume Sampler and followed by Gravimetry method.

From the results obtained all parameters indicated levels within the Malaysian Recommended Environmental Results as tabulated in Table 3.12. The concentration of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) for all sampling points was well below the stipulated level of 260 µg/m 3. Emissions of TSP mainly represent emissions from fuel combustion sources, industrial processes, and transportation. Dust sampled at sampling station A1, A2 and A3 are mainly contributed by passing by vehicles, industrial activities, strong wind and fugitive dust. Apart from that, result of

Nitrogen Dioxides (NO 2) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2) also complied with their recommended limits.

Table 3.12: Results of the Air Quality Assessment

Concentration Specification Parameter A1 A2 A3 Sampling Time Malaysian Located at Kg. Located at Kg. Sg. Located at sawmill Recommended Sesapan Kelubi Kembong Hulu factory within Guidelines Beranang Industrial Park near to Baiduri Apartment TSP ( µg/m 3) 54 48 66 24 hours 260

3 NO 2 (µg/m ) 5.07 1.24 5.03 1 hour 320 3 SO 2 (µg/m ) 2.22 1.24 5.03 24 hours 105 Pb ( µg/m 3) ND(<0.005) ND(<0.005) ND(<0.005) Not available Not available CO (ppm) ND(<0.1) ND(<0.1) ND(<0.1) 8 hours 9 Hydrocarbon ND(<0.1) ND(<0.1) ND(<0.1) Not available Not available (ppm) Prevailing wind North to South North to South and Northwest to - - Northwest to Southeast and East Southeast to West Direction of From all directions From all directions From all directions - - wind with (0.1 –0.5m/s) (0.1 –0.5m/s) (0.1 –0.5m/s) highest velocity Source: Permulab Sdn. Bhd.. (2013). Note:* Malaysian Recommended Environmental Air Quality Limits ND = Not detectable;

Note: Prevailing wind based on the wind rose from Kuala Lumpur International Airport is from north to south.

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3.2.12 Noise Level Assessment

The noise monitoring study was conducted on three (3) selected sites by the staff from Permulab Sdn. Bhd. for 24-hour period for two separate sessions, i.e., from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. for day- time and 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. for night-time. The noise assessment locations are similar to those specified for the air quality. Ambient noise levels were recorded using the Extech portable Noise Monitoring Option Type 407764, together with data longer and complete with rainproof microphone system and temper proof case with inlay and fittings. The location of these sites are as shown in Figure 3.15.

The results are tabulated in Table 3.13 where L Max , L Min and L eq values are shown for each of the sampling points concerned. The result analysis shows that existing noise level at N1, N2 and N3 were within the permissible limits for daytime but slightly higher during nighttime at N2. High noise level is most probably attributed to the noise from the human activities at Kg. Sesapan Kelubi (i.e., N1) and Kg. Sg. Kembong Hulu (i.e. N2), industrial activities (i.e., N3) and vehicular movement (i.e. N1, N2 and N3).

Table 3.13: Existing Noise Levels at N1, N2 and N3

Ln [dB(A)] N1 N2 N3 Located at Kg. Sesapan Located at Kg. Sg. Located at sawmill Kelubi Kembong Hulu factory within Beranang Industrial Park near to Baiduri Apartment. Day-time Night- Day-time Night- Day-time Night-time time time

LAmin 28.6dB 24.4dB 35.4dB 34.4 dB 40.8dB 37.6dB

LAmax 83.2dB 88.5dB 91.2dB 93.8 dB 93.1dB 85.8dB

LAeq 47.9 dB 42.4dB 49.7dB 52.1dB 52.0 dB 47.0dB Recommended 55.0 * 45.0 * 55.0 * 45.0 * 70.0 ** 60.0 ** Limit (dB) # # means Maximum Permissible Sound Level (L Aeq ) by Receiving Land Use For Planning and New Development, Schedule 1; Annex A: Schedule of Permissible Sound Levels; The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits & Control, Department of Environment * Receiving Land Use For Planning And New Development [Suburban Residential (Medium Density) Areas, Public Spaces, Parks, Recreational Areas]. **Receiving Land Use For Planning And New Development [Designated Industrial Zones].

Source: Permulab Sdn. Bhd. (2013)

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3.3 Existing Biological Environment

3.3.1 Flora

The existing biological environment at the Project Site (Abaco Estate) is limited to the flora and fauna composition of an agricultural estate and shrubs of Peninsular Malaysia. Hence, the predominant vegetation in this area is oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ) covering almost half of the Project Site followed by secondary shrubs, rubber and banana. Project Site condition is observed being well maintained and the estate road within site is well accessible. In addition, best management practices are implemented in the oil palm and rubber vegetated areas where weed on those blocks are properly controlled and cut frond are placed intersection with oil palm trees to reduce fertilizer wash out in order to increase yield achievement.

The oil palm trees observed at the Project Site are mainly mature to old planting, which are ranged above 10 years planting. Mature and old plantings are mainly distributed in the southwestern, southern and southeastern portion of the Project Site and it is currently in productive in its life cycle where harvesting of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are being carried out in these areas by the estate harvester. For rubber, it is planted at the eastern portion of the Project Site and rubber tapping activity is observed during the site survey. Apart from that, banana is planted in the southern portion whilst secondary shrubs and grasses are dominated the northern portion of the Project Site. The vegetation profile of the Project Site is depicted in the Table 3.14 and Figure 3.16 whilst the inventory of the flora species for the Project area is given in Table 3.15.

Table 3.14: Vegetation Profile of the Project Site Component Location Acreage* (ac) Oil Palm Southwestern, southern and southeastern 476.69 portion of the Project Site Secondary Shrubs Northwestern, northern and middle portion of 208.2 the Project Site Grassland and weed Northern portion of the Project Site 196.69 Rubber Middle portion of the Project Site 42.98 Banana Southern portion of the Project Site 42.34 Pylon (Grass and shrubs) Northern portion of the Project Site 43.41 Total 1,010.50 *Estimated Acreage based on Landuse Map of Negeri Selangor, Putrajaya and Kuala Lumpur (2010), site survey 2013 and google map

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Table 3.15: List of Flora Species at the Project Site Family Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Aspleniaceae Asplenium nidus Birds’ nest fern OF/P Araceae Alocasia sp. Elephant Ears R/OF Caladium bicolor - R/OF Arecacea Elaeis guineensis Oil palm tree P Asteraceae Asystasia intrusa Herba jejentik P/OF Mikania micrantha Bittervine P/OF Euphatorium odoratum Kirinyuh P/OF Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Common spiderwort OF Convolvulaceae Ipomea alba Morning Glory OF Cyperus compactus Swamp mariscus R Fimbristylis globulosa Rumput sadang R Cyperaceae Fuirena u mbellata Rumput kelulut R Rhynchospora corymbosa Rumput sendayan R Scirpus grossus Mensiang R Davalliaceae Nephrolepis biserrata Giant Swordfern OF/P Dilleniaceae Dillenia suffruticosa Simpoh air R/OF Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea sansibarensis - OF Euph orbiaceae Hevea brasiliensis Rubber P Macaranga sp. Mahang OF Mallotus sp. Mahang OF Breynia disticha - OF Fabaceae Albizia falcate Albizia OF Acacia sp. Acacia OF Mucuna Bracteata Mucuna P/OF Crotalaria pallida Aiton Kiri-kiri OF Desmodium triflorum - OF Falcatatia moluccana White Albizia OF/P Leucaena leucocephala White Leadtree OF/P Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris linearis Resam OF/P Hypoxidaceae Curculigo sp. - OF/P Lamiaceae Gmelina arborea Mahogony OF Leguminosae Mimosa pudica Mimosa OF Mimosa pigra Giant Mimosa OF Melastomaceae Melastoma malabathricum Senduduk OF Musaceae Musa sp. Bananas/Plantains OF/P Myrtaceae Syzygium sp. Common Kelat OF/P Pandanaceae Pandanus sp. Pandanus Grass R Poaceae Imperata cylindrica Lalang OF/R/P Pennisetum sp. - OF/R/P Axonopus compressus - OF/R/P Paspalum sp. - OF/R/P

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Cont….’

Family Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Polypodiaceae Platycerium coronarium Staghorn fern OF Rubiaceae Nauclea sp. - OF/P

Habitat : R – Riparian OF – Open/Disturbed Forest P – Plantation

Thick undergrowths are dominated by cover crop, grass, shrubs and ferns which are believed to be the dominant species in the particular area. Secondary vegetation are also dominated the Project Site. Common woody pioneer genera encountered in these areas such as Gmelina arborea (Malay beechwood), Albizia falcata , Macaranga sp . (Mahang), Falcatatia moluccana (White Albizia), Leucaena leucocephala (White Leadtree), Mallotus sp., Acacia sp ., etc. at the open area and lower ground area of the Project Site. These trees were found to have a high growth rate as well as the ability to overcome competition from weeds and Lalang ( Imperata cylindrical ). The weeds are those of the family of Poaceae which comprises common species such as Imperata cylindrica , Axonopus compressus , Pennisetum sp., Paspalum sp., Lycopodium sp. etc. The ferns observed were mainly the common epiphytic species found on oil palm trunks i.e., Asplenium nidus, Platycerium coronarium, Davallia denticulate , etc.

Besides that, the terrestrial ferns such as Nephrolepis biserrata , Dicranopteris linearis , Adiantum latifolium are also found in abundance within the oil palm area in the southwestern and southeastern portion of the Project Site. The shrubs observed were from the families of Asteraceae (i.e., Asystasia intrusa , Euphatorium odoratum , Mikania micrantha ), Araceae (i.e., Alocasia denudata ), Melastomaceae (i.e., Melastoma malabatricum ), Hypoxidaceae ( Curculigo sp. ) and Rubiaceae ( Nauclea sp. ). The observations made during the field survey have revealed that these species are common and possess no conservation value.

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3.3.2 Fauna

The forested area which is eliminated to make way for the plantation is the habitat for an enormously diverse range of species. Thus, the fauna composition at the Project Site seems to be very much adversely affected due to estate activities within the site and surrounding development activities nearby (i.e., housing and industries) which does not provide a suitable habitat for wildlife.

Moreover, there is no forested area or forest reserve within 5km radius from the Project Site except disturbed secondary shrublands. The removal of natural vegetation followed by intensive cultivation of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ), rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) and banana ( Musa sp .) has affected the fauna species in terms of its composition and population density. These few species that do not manage to adapt often become “pests” as having lost of their normal food supply, they begin to make a meal of the young palm plants and palm fruits, and causing harm to the plantation.

Mammals The mammals found in the general vicinity of the Project Site are listed in Table 3.16 . No large and medium mammal was recorded in the estate area except for buffalo. Stray buffalo/cow are normally brought by neighbouring villagers stay surrounding the plantation area for its supplement food (i.e., weed & grass) consumption and it is a common scenario in most of the oil palm estate in the country. During the day of survey, large numbers of stray buffalos grazing weeds, grass and small woody plants in the northern portion of the Project Site.

Grazing of buffalo in the oil palm estate can act as weeds management and also help planters reduce weeding cost in the estate. Apart from that, these are other small animals, which belongs to the shrew and rodent families are found and easily seen in the Project Site. These mammals are quite common in secondary forest and agricultural set-up.

All mammals’ species found and to be found in the Project Site is categorized as least concern status under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Among these species, only tree shrews are considered important species for conservation since it is listed as ‘Protected wildlife” under Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (716). Although listed as ‘Protected wildlife’ treeshrew is very common, inhabiting plantation, secondary and disturbed lowland forest.

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Table 3.16: Common Mammals at the Project Site

Family Scientific name English name Wildlife IUCN Conservation Red List Act 2010 Protected Wildlife Tupaiidae Tupaia glis Common tree shrew P Least concern Tupaia minor Lesser tree shrew P Least concern Common Wildlife Bovidae Bovini bubalus Water Buffalo UP Least concern Muridae Rattus tiomanicus Monsoon wood rat UP Least concern Soricidae Suncus murinus House shrew UP Least concern Sciuridae Callosciurus notatus Plantain squirrel UP Least concern UP – Unprotected; TP – Totally Protected Wildlife; P – Protected Wildlife #Laws of Malaysia – Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716) #International Union Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List

Birds The birds in the vicinity of the Project Site are listed in Table 3.17 .

Table 3.17: List of Birds at the Project Site Family Scientific Name Common name Wildlife IUCN Conservation Red List Act 2010 Apodidae Apus affinis House swift TP Least concern Columbidae Geopelia striata Peaceful dove UP Least concern Treron vernans Pink -necked Pigeon P Least concern Corvidae Corvus splendens House crow UP Least concern Estrildidae Lonchura striata White -rumped munia P Least concern Oriolidae Oriolus chinensis Black -naped Oriole TP Least concern Ploceidae Passer domesticus Tree -Sparrow UP Least concern Pycnonotidae Pyconotus flaviventris Black crested bulbul UP Least concern Saturniidae Acridotheres tristis Common Myna UP Least concern Strigidae Otus bakkamoena Collared scops -owl TP Least concern Turdida e Copsychus saularis Magpie robin P Least concern Tytonidae Tyto alba Barn Owl TP Least concern

UP – Unprotected; TP – Totally Protected Wildlife; P – Protected Wildlife #Laws of Malaysia – Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716) #International Union Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List

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Birds were identified from their calls and by sight. The avifauna composition portrays more to plantation species and they are mainly resident species. During the site survey, common typical belukar species such as the Common Myna, Dove, Pigeon and Tree-Sparrow are ready seen at the Project Site. However, there are also others urban and plantation-related bird’s species such as House swift, Black crested bulbul, Collared scops-owl, Barn owl, Magpie robin and Black-naped oriole are also appeared to be fairly common in and around the Project Site.

All bird species found and to be found in the Project Site is categorized as least concern status under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Meanwhile, House swift, Black-naped oriole, Collared scops-owl and Barn owl are listed as “Total Protected Wildlife” status while Pink-necked pigeon, White-rumped munia and Magpie robin are accorded the “Protected Wildlife” status in reference to the Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716).

Hepertofauna (Reptiles and Amphibians) There are a restricted number of reptile species in the Project Site, comprising mainly snakes, monitor lizards, flying lizards, green crested lizards. As for amphibians, the common ones being the toad Bufo asper and the frogs Rana erythraea , Rana chalconota and Leptobrachium nigrops .

The most common habitats for these amphibians are near small streams and pools of stagnant water, under rotten logs, stones and riparian vegetation. These frogs that are locally used for human consumption (e.g., Rana sp. ) as well as important prey for other animals. The list of reptiles and amphibians at the Project Site is given in Table 3.18 .

All reptiles and amphibians species found and to be found in the Project Site is categorized as least concern status under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Meanwhile, Common flying lizard, Monitor lizard, Paradise tree snake, Grass whip snake, Common rat snake, Malayan pond frog and Green tree frog are accorded the “Protected Wildlife” status in reference to the Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716).

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Table 3.18: List of Reptile and Amphibian Species at the Project Site Family Scientific name English name Wildlife Conservation IUCN Act 2010 Red List Agami dae Calotes oristatellus Green crested lizard UP Least concern Draco volans Common flying lizard P Least concern Colubridae Chrysopelia paradisi Paradise tree snake P Least concern Dryophis prasinus Grass whip snake P Least concern Ptynas mucosus Common rat snake P Least concern Bufonidae Bufo asper Malayan giant toad UP Least concern Bufo melanostictus Common toad UP Least concern Pelobatidae Leptobrachium nigrops Ground toad UP Least concern Ranidae Rana erythraea Malayan pond frog P Least concern Rana hosii Green tree frog P Least concern Varanidae Varanus salvator Monitor Lizard P Least concern

UP – Unprotected; TP – Totally Protected Wildlife; P – Protected Wildlife #Laws of Malaysia – Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716) #International Union Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List

Other Species Apart from mammals, reptiles and amphibians encountered, variety of insects is also observed at the Project Site. Common insect species in the Project Site are, Neurothemis sp. (Dragonfly), Metisa plane (Butterfly), Anopheles sp., Aedes sp. (Mosquito), Musca domestica (Housefly), Valanga nigricornis (Cricket), Oligonychus sp. (Mite), Macrotermes gilvus (Termite), Oryctes rhinoceros (Beetle), Megapis dorsata (Bee), Crematogaster dorhrni (Ant). Besides that, Oryctes rhinoceros (rhino beetle) is also fairly apparent in the Project Site which acts as a pest in any oil palm estate in Malaysia.

3.4 Existing Socio–economic Environment

Social and economic descriptions of the proposed Project encompass both the baseline conditions within the site and the surrounding area. These features within the Project Site are determined from site survey, whilst the scenario for the surrounding area will be represented by available published data for . The description will emphasize on the demographic profile and a general description of the available socio-amenities.

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3.4.1 District Socio-Economic Profile

3.4.1.1 Demographic Profile of Mukim Beranang

The Project Site is located in Mukim Beranang within the District of Hulu Langat. Based on the Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2010, the total number of population in Mukim Beranang was 49,772 people. Malays make up bulk of the population which totaled at 31,436 people, followed by the Chinese and Indian people at 8,733 and 5,677 respectively. Other Bumiputera makes up 203 people, while other Malaysian category was numbered at 280. The remaining 3,443 people were non-Malaysians found to be residing in Mukim Beranang.

Based on the age breakdown, workable population aged between 15 and 60 years old were totaled at 30,863 people considerably a big pool of working people that can be tapped on during the construction and operational stages. Younger population aged between infantry to 14 years old were totaled at 16,384 people while senior citizens were estimated at 2,525 people.

The projected additional population when the Project is operational would be in the region of 90,000 people. Based on the last census in 2010, the total population of Mukim Beranang was recorded at 49,772 people. The proposed development will see an increment of 50% towards the population of Mukim Beranang when the Project is fully operational. This Project establishment would pose certain impact on the population and shall bring changes to the local demographic scene, in terms of changing the size, age structure, sex ratio and household characteristic of the population.

3.4.1.2 Infrastructures and Utilities

• Water Supply The Hulu Langat District population obtains their water supply from Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor (SYABAS).

• Telecommunication TELEKOM Malaysia Berhad (TMB) provides telecommunication facilities and services throughout this district.

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• Sewerage System There was still no centralized sewage treatment system or sludge disposal facility within the Kajang Town. A site of 9.20 acres is proposed for a sewage treatment plant in the southwestern portion of the Project site.

• Solid Waste Management Solid waste management (collection, transportation and disposal) is under Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (MPKj) jurisdiction.

• Transportation Network In terms of accessibility, the Project Site has a good network system where it is located near LEKAS Highway, which is the main highway that connects the Project site with Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan, Kajang, Seremban and Semenyih.

3.4.2 Socio-Economic Profile of Project Site

Socio-economic of the Project area is normally determined by human settlement within the area. At present, the proposed Project Site is a palm oil and rubber estate; therefore it limits the establishment of residential areas and villages. As in any typical palm oil and rubber estate, human settlements are not established within the site due to it being privately owned thus discouraging congregation of villagers. Given the lack of human settlement in the proposed site, it can be anticipated that the proposed Project shall bear no major consequences to any human environment. Based on the site survey, the estate workers have been transferred to other estates surrounding the areas.

Site observation shows that the workers quarters which used to accommodate the estate workers at site have been demolished. The Project proponent will endeavor to dispose the debris of the demolition wastes to Landfill for disposal. There is only one abandoned standing structure observed within the Project Site.

The following illustration shows where the concentrations of buildings were located prior to its demolition.

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The only building which is still Remnants of demolished buildings intact in the Project area

3.4.3 Socio-Economic Profile of the Immediate Surroundings

The immediate surrounding of the Project Site is basically made up of residential, commercial and industrial area. The nearest receptors are as discussed in sub section 3.2.8.3 and Figure 3.12.

Based on the preliminary site visit conducted on the immediate surroundings of the proposed Project Site, it was observed that the surroundings are laden with several residential areas namely Bandar Rinching and Bandar Tasik Kesuma as well as villages of Kg. Sesapan Kelubi, Kg. Bukit Batu Kg. Sg. Kembong Hulu, Kg. Rinching Tengah, Kg. Rinching Hilir, Kg. Batu Tiga Jalan Bangi and Kg. Sg. Kembong Hilir. The existing settlement areas are similar to that of any residential areas where it is equipped with basic infrastructures and facilities such as road network, power and water supply. Besides that, industrial area at Bandar Tasik Kesuma, Beranang Industrial area and Mahkota Industrial area encountered at eastern and northeastern region of the Project Site.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 3-56 EIA for the Proposed Mixed Housing and Commercial Development on Lot 39, Mukim Beranang, District of Hulu Langat, Selangor for Setia Ecohill 2 Sdn. Bhd.

The immediate surrounding is laden with various activities as a result of large human populations and human settlements leads to greater socio economics activities outside the Project Site. It was noted that the employable workforce are engaged in the public and private sectors at the nearby towns i.e. Kajang and Semenyih.

EUROPASIA ENGINEERING SERVICES SDN. BHD. 3-57