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Efecto De La Alteración Del Hábitat Sobre La Diversidad De Aves Del Bosque Nublado De La Comunidad De Ñoma, Morropón, Piura

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Efecto De La Alteración Del Hábitat Sobre La Diversidad De Aves Del Bosque Nublado De La Comunidad De Ñoma, Morropón, Piura UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE PIURA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Efecto de la alteración del hábitat sobre la diversidad de aves del bosque nublado de la comunidad de Ñoma, Morropón, Piura TÉSIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO DE BIÓLOGO Br. DANY ERNESTO CHUNGA BENAVIDES PIURA-PERÚ 2014 2 BR. DANY ERNJÍSTO CHUNGA HENA VIDES Ejecutor & ~-~-<f-'= lhgo. Robert ~evo García MSc. o. antiago Coronel Chávez Presidente del Jurado Calificador o del Jurado Calificador 3 DEDICATORIA A Dios porque con su ayuda todo es posible. A mis padres y hermanos porque mi esfUerzo es producto de su constante dedicación y amor. A mi familia, porque ellos son el soporte de mi vida, ayudándome a superar las adversidades y los miedos que se me presentan. A mi esposa Marisela y mi hijo Jaime Gonzalo porque son el tesoro más preciado que tengo. Y a mis dos ángeles en el cielo Betty y la mami Tomasa. 4 AGRADECIMIENTOS A Dios porque él es inicio y el fin de las cosas, porque con él todo es posible. Agradezco infinitamente a mi familia, porque gracias a su apoyo y dedicación constante me ayudaron a salir adelante a lo largo de mi carrera. A mi a~sor el Blgo. Armando Ugaz Chérre, por su amistad, consejos y ayuda incondicional en la elaboración y desarrollo de este proyecto de tesis y a mi Co-asesor el Ing. Fernando Angulo Pratolongo por su ayuda desinteresada en el desarrollo de la investigación. A la Dra. Irma Franke por sus comentarios y apoyos en la redacción de este trabajo. A mi esposa Marisela Monzón Ramos por su apoyo constante, sus buenas vibras y su motivación para salir adelante. A la ONG Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, en nombre del Blgo. Alex More por su significativo apoyo en la ejecución del proyecto, facilitación de mapas de la zona, y recomendaciones constantes. A la Biga. Sulma Faustino, Biga. Priscila Heredia y el Blgo. Eder Chilquillo por sus ayudas incondicionales en·Ja determinación taxonómica de las muestras arbóreas. A mis amigos Duber Chingue!, Odar Huaches Velásquez, Tania Cruz Arismendi, Manuel Castillo Juárez, Mario Gómez, Zoila Vega Guarderas, Eduardo Briones Albán Jimmy Robledo Valencia por su apoyo desinteresado en la etapa de muestreo. Merece mi especial Agradecimiento la Familia Cruz Guerrero, A nombre del Señor Camilo Guerrero, a la Sra. Sebastiana Guerrero y sus hijos José la Rosa y Juan, por su hospitalidad, apoyo su constante y desinteresado durante los muestreos. Y Finalmente mis más sinceros agradecimientos a todos los pobladores del caserío de Ñoma por su valioso y crucial apoyo en la ejecución de las actividades, especialmente al Sr. Benjamín y al Sr. Arístides Rojas por su constante y desinteresado apoyo y por su gentil hospitalidad y acogida brindada. 5 ÍNDICE RESUMEN .......................................................................................................................... 15 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 16 l. INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................. 17 11. MATERIAL Y METODOS·······--------·------------·-·----------·--·--···································· 22 2.1. ÁREADEESTUDI0 ............................................................................................ 22 2.2. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ZONA ............................................................................ 23 2.3. METODOLOGÍA .................................................................................................. 25 2.2.1. VEGETACIÓN ........................ --------------------------------·---------------------------------- .. 26 2.2.2. AVIFAUNA .................................................................................................. 30 2.4. ANALISIS DE DATOS ......................................................................................... 32 2.3.1. DIVERSIDAD ALFA ................................................................................... :B 2.3.2. DIVERSIDAD BETA ................................................................................... 35 2.3.3. CURVA DE ACUMULACIÓN DE ESPECIES .......................................... 36 2.3.4. ANÁLISIS DE CORRELACIÓN Y COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES .... 36 ID. RESULTADOS ....................................................................................................... 37 3.1. VEGETACIÓN ...................................................................................................... 37 3.1.1. ESTRUCTURA ARBÓREA ........................................................................ 40 3.2. AVIFAUNA ........................................................................................................... 45 3.2.1. COMPOSICIÓN DE ESPECIES .................................................................. 45 3.2.1. ABUNDANCIA DE ESPECIES .................................................................. 54 3.2.2. HÁBITO ALIMENTICIO ............................................................................ 62 3.2.3. ALTURA ...................................................................................................... 66 3.3. ANALISIS DE DATOS ......................................................................................... 68 3.3.1. DIVERSIDAD ALFA ................................................................................... 68 3.3.2. DIVERSIDAD BETA ................................................................................... 71 3.3.3. CURVA DE ACUMULACIÓN ................................................................... 76 3.3.4. ANÁLISIS DE CORRELACIÓN Y COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES .... 79 3.3.5. CATEGORIZACIÓN DE ESPECIES .......................................................... 83 3.4. REGISTROS DE IMPORTANCJA ....................................................................... 86 A. Ochthoeca piurae .......................................................................................... 86 B. Psittacara erythrogenys ................................................................................ 86 <;. Myrmeciza griseiceps .................................................................................... 87 D. Penelope barbata ·····································--------·------·---·--------·----------·-··---------- 88 6 E. Syndac:tyla rufic:ollis ................................................................•..................... 88 F. P achyramphus homochrous .......................................................................... 89 G. Claravis mondeotura .................................................................................... 90 H. Tigrisoma fasciatum ...................................................................................... 90 IV. DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................ 92 V. CONCLUSIONES .................................................................................................. 99 VI. RECOMENDACIONES ...................................................................................... 100 VIL REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ................................................................ 101 VIII. ANEXOS ................................................................................................................ 108 7 INDICE DE FIGURAS CONTENIDO PAG. Fig. l. Ubicación de la zona de estudio (Fuente: Mapa tomado de ficha informativa sitio prioritario para Biodiversidad - Gobierno Regional Piura, 2011) ............................................................................................ 22 Fig. 2. Vista panorámica de las zonas establecidas, ZI (A) y la ZB (B) •.......................... 23 Fig. 3. Vista panorámica de la Zona Intervenida del Bosque de la Comunidad de Ñoma .............................................................................................. 24 Fig. 4. Vista panorámica de la Zona de Bosque del Bosque de la Comunidad de Ñoma.............................................................................................. 25 Fig. S. Representación del sistema de muestreo empleado para la evaluación de la vegetación presente en la zona.................................................... 26 Fig. 6. Representación del sistema de muestreo empleado para la evaluación de la vegetación presente en la zona.................................................... 27 Fig. 7. Ubicación de los puntos de conteo en la Zona de Bosque y Zona Intervenida. (Fuente: personal) ............................................................................... 31 Fig. 8. Distribución del Número de Familias, Géneros y Especies en el Bosque de la Comunidad de Ñoma ........................................................................ 37 Fig. 9. Densidad absoluta (indlha.) de las especies arbóreas registradas en la Zona Intervenida del Bosque de la Comunidad de Ñoma. ................................. 40 Fig. 10. Densidad absoluta (indlha.) de las especies arbóreas registradas en la Zona de Bosque del Bosque de la Comunidad de Ñoma.................................. .41 Fig. 11. Cobertura relativa (%) de las especies arbóreas registradas en la Zona Intervenida del Bosque de la Comunidad de Ñoma..................................... .42 Fig. 12. Cobertura relativa (%) de las especies arbóreas registradas en la Zona de Bosque del Bosque de la Comunidad de Ñoma ....................................... 43 Fig. 13. Rangos de alturas de las especies arbóreas registradas en la Zona intervenida del Bosque de Comunidad
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