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Relatório Nacional Do Estado Geral Da Biodiversidade De S.Tomé E Príncipe

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Relatório Nacional Do Estado Geral Da Biodiversidade De S.Tomé E Príncipe REPÚBLICA DEMOCRÁTICA DE S. TOMÉ E PRÍNCIPE MINISTÉRIO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS E MEIO AMBIENTE DIRECÇÃO GERAL DE AMBIENTE RELATÓRIO NACIONAL DO ESTADO GERAL DA BIODIVERSIDADE DE S.TOMÉ E PRÍNCIPE OS CONSULTORES: VAZ, Hamilton OLIVEIRA, Faustino Setembro de 2007 1 Índice ABREVIATURAS........................................................................................................................................................... 5 RESUMO EXECUTIVO.................................................................................................................................................. 6 CAPÍTULO I - INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introdução geral...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Materiais e métodos................................................................................................................................................. 9 3. Sinopse das Informações sobre São Tomé e Príncipe ............................................................................. 10 3.1 Situação geográfica............................................................................................................................................. 11 3.2 Origem................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.3 Relevo ................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Clima ..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Solos vulneráveis................................................................................................................................................. 11 CAPÍTULO II – DESCRIÇÃO GERAL......................................................................................................................... 13 2. DESCRIÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE DO PAÍS...................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Grupos de Organismos em São Tomé e Príncipe – Riqueza em espécies e Níveis dos endémicos.......... 14 2.2 Flora ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Breve historial ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.4 BIODIVERSIDADE TERRESTRE ......................................................................................................................... 17 2.5 Principais Ecossistemas e habitats do País ..................................................................................................... 17 2.6 Ecossistema Florestal ......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.7 Regiões Florestais existentes em S.Tomé e Principe ...................................................................................... 18 2.7.1 Floresta de baixa altitude (0 – 800m) ............................................................................................................. 19 2.7.2 Floresta de montanha (800 – 1 400m) ............................................................................................................. 19 2.7.3 Floresta de nevoeiro (1 400 – 2 024 m) ........................................................................................................... 20 2.7.4 Floresta de altitude média > 1000 e < 1800m ................................................................................................. 20 2.7.5 Floresta de altitude entre 1800 e 2000m. ....................................................................................................... 21 2.7.6 Savanas do norte-nordeste.............................................................................................................................. 21 2.7.7 Floresta de Sombra........................................................................................................................................... 22 2.7.8 Floresta secundária (capoeira)........................................................................................................................ 22 2.7.9 Floresta seca ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.7.10 Mangal.............................................................................................................................................................. 23 2.7.11 Biodiversidade florística terrestre - vegetação indígena e espécies introduzidas................................... 24 2.7.12 Unidades agro-ecológicas e comunidades vegetais................................................................................... 25 2.8 Biodiversidade da Fauna terrestre.................................................................................................................... 26 2.9 Biodiversidade costeira, marinha e oceânica ................................................................................................. 29 2 2.9.1 Biodiversidade litoral costeira - situação da flora......................................................................................... 33 2.9.2 Biodiversidade Costeira - situação da fauna ................................................................................................ 33 2.9.3 Bi Litorais costeiros.......................................................................................................................................... 34 2.10 Biodiversidade marinha e oceanica – situação da flora ................................................................................ 35 2.11 Bioversidade marinha e oceânica – situação da fauna.................................................................................. 36 2.11.1 Ictiofauna marinha .......................................................................................................................................... 36 2.11.2 Répteis marinhos............................................................................................................................................ 37 2.11.3. Mamíferos marinhos ..................................................................................................................................... 38 2.11.4 Invertebrados marinhos ................................................................................................................................. 38 2.12 Ecossistemas oceânicos................................................................................................................................... 40 2.13 Ecossistemas bênticos ..................................................................................................................................... 40 2.14 Biodiversidade das Águas Interiores............................................................................................................... 40 2.15 Biodiversidade Agro-pastoral........................................................................................................................... 42 2.15.1. As principais espécies e raças animais do sector agro-pecuário ............................................................ 43 2.15.2. Espécies e variedades vegetais existentes no sector agro-florestal........................................................ 43 3. Utilização da Biodiversidade ................................................................................................................................ 45 3.1. Os produtos florestais lenhosos (a madeira).................................................................................................. 46 3.2. Medicina tradicional............................................................................................................................................ 46 3.3. Artesanato ........................................................................................................................................................... 47 3.4. Os sectores de apicultura, extrativo e tinturaria.............................................................................................. 47 3.5. Os Alimentação e a gastronomia ...................................................................................................................... 48 3.6. Os No sector eco-turístico ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.7.Utilidade Etno-cultural e mágica ........................................................................................................................ 49 3.8.Utilidade ornamental........................................................................................................................................... 50 CAPÍTULO III – ESTADO ACTUAL DA BIODIVERSIDADE...................................................................................... 50 4.1
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