Sri K.N.N. Singh DIRECTOR
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Prepared by: ARVIND CHAUDHARY CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT EXECUTIVE Under Guidance: Sri K.N.N. Singh DIRECTOR GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES SMALL INDUSTRIES SERVICE INSTITUTE E-17,18 INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, NAINI, ALLAHABAD (U.P.) PH: 2697468, 2696810, FAX: 2696809 E.MAIL: [email protected] he diagnostic study report of the pottery industry cluster in Chunar presented in T the following section: The report is based on interaction and deliberation with the key SME actors in the cluster, the entrepreneurs with which the key SME actors do business, SME association and technical institution. The secondary information was collected from various sources like books, articles, statistics collected from various libraries, documentation centres, association office, etc. Information interviews were also conducted with some intelligent and experienced entrepreneurs who have a very rich knowledge in the pottery manufacturing work. The report is prepared in the following way: 01 Description of cluster 1.1.1. Defining the products. 1.1.2. Defining the various sub-activities 1.1.3. Current out put 1.2 Geographical location 1.3 Core Cluster Actors 1.4 Other Cluster actors 1.5 Current Institutions 1.6 Present Cluster Map 02 Value Chain Analysis 03 Problems identified 04 Vision of the cluster 05 Strategy 06 Future cluster Map 07 SWOT 08 Action Plan 09 Proposed Activity 10 Budget estimation 01 DESCRIPTION OF THE CLUSTER Chunar under Mirzapur district is known for ceramic activity for long and State Government has developed sheds and common facility centers as a supportive measures. Decorative pieces and potteries (cup, plate, jar, toys) have attracted good market prospect and provide highly rewarding to artisans associated with this industry. But of late due to tough competition and free flow ceramic articles from other region in this area and changing test of customers is showing downward trends. State Government support in the frame of skill Moulder/designers has also been withdrawn ceramic industry Chunar, therefore, requires immediate attention for revival of expansion. If proper support in the form of appropriate technology, marketing infrastuctural facilities is provided to this traditional ceramic industry of Chunar, it will immensely help in providing employment to unemployed youth of this region besides earning substantial revenue for Government exchequer. The cluster of pottery industries existed in Chunar since time of Mughal period when artisans living here were mostly engaged in building fronts etc using terracotta. The famous fort of Chunar built during the period of Qutubuddin Aibak, was built by these artisans who used this skill. With passage of time, these artisans who transferred their skills from one generation to another started producing sculptures/pottery. In the beginning of the 18th century these artisans introduced the work of glazing the pottery were which added glow and shine to their products. All these times, the clay used for this purpose was Gangatic clay which is readily available all the times as Chunar is situated right on the banks of Ganges. Keeping in view the number of artisans in this area, U.P. Government set up a U.P. State Pottery Centre in 1953 for the development of pottery Clusters in Chunar. But with passage of time, now about 75% of these artisans are engaged in sculpture making using plaster of paris as raw material. 1.1.1. DEFINING THE PRODUCT Chalking out subtle differences In India the Pottery Industries are located in the State namely Gujarat, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. Thangarh in Gujarat is famous for glazing products, West Bengal is famous for flooring tiles and sanitary wares and in Uttar Pradesh, four major clusters of ceramic products, such as, Khurja for domestic items, Chinhat (Lucknow) for domestic items, Nizamabad (Azamgarh) for decorative pieces and Chunar ceramic products are different from other area. Glazing on terracotta products are exclusively done only at Chunar traditionally. Broad Product Grouping In Chunar (Mirzapur) Pottery Industry can be classified under the following categories. Glazing on red clay like decorative pieces, toys, jars, etc. China clay products like toys, cups, plates, jars, etc. Bone china products, such as, cups, plates, dinner sets, etc. Plaster of paris products like statue of God and Goddess, decorative pieces, etc. Throughout the exact number of products manufactured in Chunar cluster is not known. The products manufactured here only are demand based products. Global Presence The pottery products in Chunar finds its presence in the overseas markets. Since 1948 Chunar also emerged on the industrial map of India due to pottery industry. This place is now known for glazing of terracotta. This has come out due to excellent craft ship available in this region in the field of mould making, designing, baking and policing. As the products manufactured here are quite cheap, so economically weaker section of population used these products in abundance. The products are marketed by local traders who are also exporting the products to Nepal and Bangladesh indirectly via middle man. The Genesis of Development The development of pottery industry in Chunar existed before the independence. After the independence State Government set up the Pottery Development Centre. Through the Centre the State Government is providing sheds, raw material and quality testing facilities to the artisans. Due to these facilities new entrepreneurs started manufacturing china clay products and about 50 units emerged in this area. To cater the consumers demand these entrepreneurs/artisans are using plaster of paris in their products. In this work investment part is very low. Only rubber mould is required. Most of the artisans diverted in this side and adopted this work. Presently 75% entrepreneurs are using plaster of paris as a raw material and approximate demand of plaster of paris in Chunar is near about 500 trucks per annum. The only draw back is this that to market these products only one-month period prior to Deepawali are available to them. In the side of red clay and china clay product getting whole year market. Red clay work is based of Chunar pottery. Presently 7 units are engaged in this work and most of them are having traditional system of work. China clay products are developed by State Pottery Centre. The State Pottery Centre provide raw material, workshop facilities, furnace facility, testing facility and design mould facility to the artisans. 50 units have started their manufacturing work set up by the State Pottery Centre. But, presently State Government stopped the commercial budget and diverted staff to another place due to his policy. The dependent units are facing problems in getting raw materials from the State Pottery Centre and due to this reason 20 units have closed their works. Now, two units started manufacturing bone china products and they require improvement in their finished products. State Government developed sheds in pottery centre and Industrial Estate at Chunar and these sheds and plots are allotted to the entrepreneurs/artisans. In the Industrial Estate most of the units are non- functioning. The basic requirement is that the State Government may cancel the allotment of non- functioning units and re-allot the same to local potters. 1.1.2. Defining the various sub-activities Chunar ceramics activities may be classified in three major group: Red clay products China clay products Plaster of Paris products Bone China Products The manufacturing process of each group are different than other. Red Clay Product Process Mixing clay manually R Casting R Baking R Glazing R Baking R Painting and Finishing China Clay Product Process Mixing in Ball Mill R Casting R Dry & Washing R Glazing R Baking R Painting R Finishing & Packing Plaster of Paris Product Process Water Mixing Manually R Casting R Finishing R Painting R Packaging Bone China Unit Mixing Grinding Filtering on Screen Casting Dried Biscuit Firing Glazing Dried Glossed Firing Decoration Transfer Firing Finishing 1.1.3. Current Out Put The economy of Chunar is based on cement factories, stone mines and ceramic industries. Presently cement factory are closed since last 8 years and stone chips mines work are also had sluggish growth due to government policies. So the all people those who are engaged in above work diverted in plaster of paris work. At present 70-75% persons are adopting plaster of paris work and rest 20% china clay and 5% are doing red clay work. The reason for popularity of plaster of paris, is due to easy manufacturing process system and no sales tax on this item. Total turn over of the cluster is approximately 3 crores per year. Nearly 10000 persons are engaged in pottery work directly and indirectly. 1.2 Geographical location Chunar situated on the bank of holy river Ganga which finds mention even in the pages of history and literature due to strategic geographically situated sturdy fort and mystical stories associated with it. It is at an equal distance from Varanasi city and Mirzapur and well connected by rail, road and water ways. It is situated on Delhi-Howrah main line as a junction station and 130 kilometer away from Allahabad. Chunar is one of the tehsil of Mirzapur. Availability of Raw Materials Raw material used in ceramic industry at Chunar is collected from different places. In the red clay product, raw material used by the potter is clay. It is very easily available at the bank of Ganga and local ponds. China clay used by the pottery, come from Chandia, District Umaria, M.P., Rajmahal from Bihar and Tori from Bihar. Plaster of paris is being purchased from Bikaner (Rajasthan). In the ceramic industry different types of chemical are used by potters and they are purchasing chemical on high rates due to working capital problem and bulk purchasing. Mostly they purchase raw material on credit base and after the sale of products they return the money.