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The Interplay Between Social Media and Human Rights in Ethiopia DSpace Institution DSpace Repository http://dspace.org Law Thesis and Dissertations 2019-06 THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA WONDWOSSEN, MESFIN http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9582 Downloaded from DSpace Repository, DSpace Institution's institutional repository THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA MESFIN WONDWOSSEN ABBI School of Law, Bahir Dar University June, 2019 THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Laws (LLM) at the School of Law, Bahir Dar University By Mesfin Wondwossen Abbi Advisor Tessema Simachew (PhD) School of Law, Bahir Dar University June, 2019 ii Thesis Approval Page The thesis titled “The interplay between social media and human rights in Ethiopia” by Mr. Mesfin Wondwossen Abbi is approved for the degree of Master of Laws (LLM) Board of Examiners Name Signature Advisor ____________________ ____________________ Internal Examiner ____________________ ____________________ External Examiner ____________________ ____________________ Date: ________________ iii Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that the thesis comprises my own work. In compliance with widely accepted practices, I have duly acknowledged and referenced all materials used in this work. I understand that non-adherence to the principles of academic honesty and integrity, misrepresentation/fabrication of any idea/data/fact/source will constitute sufficient ground for disciplinary action by the University and can also evoke criminal sanction from the State and civil action from the sources which have not been properly cited or acknowledged. _______________________ Signature _______________________ Name of Student _______________________ University Id. Number _______________________ Date iv Acknowledgement First and foremost, praises be to the Almighty for he shields the weak with his omnipotence! In the course of conducting this paper, lot of persons supported me with their comments and encouragements. Hence, I am deeply grateful to my advisor, Dr. Tessema, and my interviewees. I am also thankful to all my families. I would particularly like to thank Wondwossen, Emeye, Almaz and Mable – for everything they did to me. My friends, especially Birhanu, Fuad, Jambo and Yilkal, and also my schoolmates, Getch, Sale, Habte, Gashanew, Moke, Jossy and the rest of you – “I thank You”. v Table of Contents Thesis Approval Page ...........................................................................................................iii Declaration ............................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. v Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. vi List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................. ix Abstract .................................................................................................................................. x Chapter One ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background of the Study ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ 2 1.3. Objective of the Study ................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1. General Objectives ............................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Specific Objectives .............................................................................................. 3 1.4. Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1. General Question/s ............................................................................................... 4 1.4.2. Specific Questions ............................................................................................... 4 1.5. Scope of the Study....................................................................................................... 4 1.6. Significance of the study ............................................................................................. 5 1.7. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 5 1.8. Limitation of the Study ............................................................................................... 6 1.9. Organization of the thesis ............................................................................................ 7 Chapter Two............................................................................................................................... 7 2. General Overview of Social Media, Its Protection and Regulation from Human Rights Perspective ................................................................................................................................. 7 vi Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Social Media in General .............................................................................................. 8 2.1.1. The Meaning of Social Media .............................................................................. 8 2.1.2. Types of social media .......................................................................................... 9 2.1.3. Nature and features of social media ................................................................... 10 2.2. The conceptual, moral and/or legal basis of the freedom of using the social media 11 2.3. The Regulation of Social Media and Human Rights Concerns ................................ 15 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter Three........................................................................................................................... 19 3. Human Rights and Social Media: an assessment of the international Experience .......... 19 3.1. The Growing Impacts of Social Media on Human Rights ........................................ 19 3.1.1. The Positive Impacts of Social Media on Human Rights .................................. 20 3.1.1. The Negative Impacts of Social Media on Human Rights ................................ 24 3.2. Brief Account of International Experiences Demonstrating the Two Sided Impacts of Social Media on Human Rights ....................................................................................... 29 3.2.1. Social Media as a Blessing to Human Rights .................................................... 30 3.2.2. Social Media as a „Curse‟ to Human Rights ...................................................... 32 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................ 37 4. The Case of Ethiopia ........................................................................................................ 37 4.1.1. General Overview of Social Media Use in Ethiopia ............................................. 37 4.2. The Interplay between Social Media and Human Rights in Ethiopia ....................... 38 4.2.1. Exercising Human Rights through Social Media ............................................... 39 4.2.2. Promoting Human Rights through Social Media ............................................... 47 4.2.3. The Instrumentality of the social media in Abusing/Violating Human Rights . 54 4.3. The Regulation of Social Media in Ethiopia and Important Human Rights Concerns 59 vii 4.3.1. The Ethiopian government approach towards social media: before and after the „reform‟ 59 4.3.2. The necessity or otherwise of regulating social media in Ethiopia ................... 62 4.3.3. How far does the draft bill go to respond to the social media‟s adverse impacts on human rights? .............................................................................................................. 64 Chapter Five ............................................................................................................................. 70 5. Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................. 70 5.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 70 5.2. Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 75 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ viii List of Acronyms ACHPR African Charter on Human and
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