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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. 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University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 8907181 Rhythmic space and rhythmic movement: The Adolphe Appia/Jaques-Dalcroze collaboration Abdel-Latif, Mahmoud Hammam, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by Abdel-Latif, Mahmoud Hammam. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 RHYTHMIC SPACE AND RHYTHMIC MOVEMENT: THE ADOLPHE .APPIA/JAQUES-DALCROZE COLLABORATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Mahmoud Hammam Abdel-Latif, B.F.A., M.F.A., M.A. * * * * * Ohio State University 1988 Dissertation Committee: Approved by George P. Crepeau Firman H. Brown, Jr. Advisor Russell T. Hastings Department of Theatre Copyright by Mahmoud Hammam Abdel-Latif 1988 ii To My Wife and Sons iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express my deep gratitude to my advisor, Dr. George Crepeau, for his guidance, support, and insight throughout the research. It is no exaggeration to say that he made possible the completion of this study. I also extend thanks to the other members of my advisory committee, Dr. Firman H. Brown for his support, assistantships, and encouragement for many years, and Professor Russell T. Hastings for his help, valuable suggestions, and inspiring comments on my work. Gratitude is respectfully expressed to Dr. Alan Woods for his years of advisory, help, and support which are part of this research project. I also express my sincere thanks to Dr. John Greisberger and his staff of OSU ISS, especially, Mrs. Cres Ricca, for grants and wonderful support. Most gratifying was the support I received from almost everyone and every office. Thanks are also due to Mr. Vincent Giroud, his colleagues and assistants of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, School of Drama, who made available the related materials and manuscripts which I was welcome to review in person. Thanks to my friends, Dr. Sherif F. Ayoub, his brother Essam, and Mrs. Helene Dupas for their help with the French translation, and Mr. Richard Nantelle for his help with the German one. To my wife, Ragaa, I offer sincere thanks for her sacrifice and unshakable faith in me, and for her willingness to endure with me the vicissitudes of my endeavors. My sons, Mohammad, Taha, and Kareem, I thank all for their understanding of my frequent absences. v VITA February 25, 1942 ............. Born— Cairo, Egypt 1967 ........... Architecture/Honor 1967-Present . the College of Fine Arts, Helwan University, Cairo 1976 ........... Architecture 1980-82 ......... The University of Kansas 1981 (Summer) . Theatre Co. 1982 ........... The University of Kansas 1984-85 ....... Ohio State University 1986-87 ......... Ohio State University 1986 ........... Columbus Living Theatre 1987 ........... Columbus Living Theatre FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Theatre Studies in the following subjects: THEATRE HISTORY (Dr. Alan Woods) LITERATURE (Prof. Donald Glancy) CRITICISM (Dr. George Crepeau) DIRECTING AND PRODUCTION (Dr. Firman H, Brown) RESEARCH METHOD (Dr. Alan Woods) CONTEMPORARY DRAMA (Drs. George Crepeau, Charles Ritter, Alan Woods) RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE THEATRE (Dr. Alfred S. Golding) SCENOGRAPHY/THEATRE DESIGN (Prof. Russell' T. Hastings) TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDCSvIENTS ............................... , i v VITA ............................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ................................... ix INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1 CHAPTER PAGE I. EMILE JAQLES-DALCROZE: EURHYTHMICS AND RHYTHMIC M O V E M E N T ..................................... 17 II. ADOLPHE APPIA: ARTIST, MUSICIAN, DESIGN AND RHYTHMIC SPACE ..... ............................ 32 III. THE APPIA/JAQUES-DALCROZE COLLABORATION................... 52 IV. RHYTHMIC SPACE AND RHYTHMIC MOVEMENT....................... 87 V. CONCLUSION............................................... 137 BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................. 146 vi ii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE (Figure 1.1) Jaques-Dalcroze at the Piano (Hellerau) ........... 18 (Figure 1.2) A Plastic Exercise in Rhythmic Movement ....... 21 (Figure 1.3) A Plastic Exercise ................................ 21 (Figure 1.4) A Plastic S t u d y .................................... 23 (Figure 1.5) A Plastic Exercise . .............................. 25 (Figure 1.6) A Plastic Exercise ................................ 29 (Figure 1.7) Jaques-Dalcroze with his Young Pupils (Geneva) .... 30 (Figure 1.8) Institute Jaques-Dalcroze (Geneva) ................. 31 (Figure 1.9) Institute Jaques-Dalcroze (Geneva) ................. 31 (Figure 2.1) Adolphe Appia in 1880 33 (Figure 2.2) Adolphe Appia in 1882 ................... ..... 36 (Figure 2.3) Music Composition by Appia in 1880-81 (Geneva) .... 39 (Figure 2.4) A Water-Color Sketch by Appia in 1887 (Dresden) . 42 (Figure 3.1) Prometheus. Act I (The Workshop)..................... 63 (Figure 3.2) Prometheus. Act III (The Workshop Destroyed)......... 63 (Figure 3.3) The Jaques-Dalcroze Institute — The Main Entrance (1912) .............. 66 (Figure 3.4) The Ground Plain of the Institute..................... 66 (Figure 3.5) The Main Auditorium of the Institute During a Demonstration (The orchestra pit is covered over). 68 (Figure 3.6) The Same Auditorium (with the sunken orchestra pit). 68 (Figure 3.7) One of the Setting Possibilities..................... 70 ix (Figure 3.8) The Audience Area at the Other End of the Hall .... 70 (Figure 3.9) Gluck’s Orpheus and Eurydice (1912-13) ......... 72 (Figure 3.10} Appia’s Design (1926) 72 (Figure 3.11) Gluck’s Orpheus: Group of Mourning Women ....... 74 (Figure 3.12) Gluck’s Orpheus: Orpheus in Hades, Act II, Scene I , A Rehearsal P h o t o g r a p h ................ 74 (Figure 3.13) Paul Claudel’s "Annunciation" designed by Salzmann (Production Photograph 1913) ....................... 77 (Figui'e 3.14) "The June Festival", July 1914 "Rhythmic Space and Rhythmic Movement" ............79 (Figure 3.15) "The June Festival", July 1 9 1 4 .................79 (Figure 3.16) "The June Festival", July 1 9 1 4 ................. 79 (Figure 3.17) "The June Festival", July 1914 "Rhythmic Space and Rhythmic. Movement".......... 81 (Figure 3.18) "The June Festival", July 1 9 1 4 .................81 (Figure 3.19) Hellerau: Rehearsal Photograph .............. 83 (Figure 3.20) Hellerau: Rehearsal Photograph .............. 83 (Figure 3.21) Alexander V. Salzmann’s Sketch .............. 85 (Figure 3.22) Alexander V. Salzmann’s Sketch .............. 85 (Figure 3.23) Hellerau: A Photograph ............................ 86 (Figure 4.1) Appia at His Drawing Board Looking Through the Window (1910)....................... 88 (Figure 4.2) Rhythmic Space: "The Clearing" or "Forest Glade" . 97 (Figure 4.3) A Plastic Study by the Jaques-Dalcroze Students . 97 (Figure 4.4) Evening Round (La Ronde du soir), 1909 ......... 101 (Figure 4.5) A Plastic Exercise, Geneva 1918 101 (Figure 4.6) A Rhythmic Space (1909 - 1 9 1 0 ) ............. 103 (Figure 4.7) A Rhythmic Space (1909 - 1 9 1 0 ) ................ 106 (Figure 4.8) A Plastic Exercise ................................ 106 (Figure 4.9) A Rhythmic Space "The Three Piiiars" (1909) 109 (Figure 4.10) A Rhythmic Space (1909) ..... ................. 112 (Figure 4.11) A Plastic Exercise .............................. 112 (Figure 4.12) A Plastic Exercise ................................ 112 (Figure 4.13) A Rhythmic Space "The Shadow of the Cypress Tree" (1909) . •■............................. 114 (Figure 4.14) A Rhythmic Space (1909 - 1910)........... 116 (Figure 4.15) A Rhythmic Space "Echo and Narcissus" (1909 - 1910) 118 (Figure 4.16) A Rhythmic Space "Moonlight" (1909) 121 (Figure 4.17) A Rhythmic Space (1909 - 1910) .................... 123 (Figure 4.18) A Rhythmic Space "The Staircase" (1909) 125
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