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The Politics of Planning the World's Most Visible Urban Redevelopment Project
The Politics of Planning the World's Most Visible Urban Redevelopment Project Lynne B. Sagalyn THREE YEARS after the terrorist attack of September 11,2001, plans for four key elements in rebuilding the World Trade Center (WC) site had been adopted: restoring the historic streetscape, creating a new public transportation gate- way, building an iconic skyscraper, and fashioning the 9/11 memorial. Despite this progress, however, what ultimately emerges from this heavily argued deci- sionmakmg process will depend on numerous design decisions, financial calls, and technical executions of conceptual plans-or indeed, the rebuilding plan may be redefined without regard to plans adopted through 2004. These imple- mentation decisions will determine whether new cultural attractions revitalize lower Manhattan and whether costly new transportation investments link it more directly with Long Island's commuters. These decisions will determine whether planned open spaces come about, and market forces will determine how many office towers rise on the site. In other words, a vision has been stated, but it will take at least a decade to weave its fabric. It has been a formidable challenge for a city known for its intense and frac- tious development politics to get this far. This chapter reviews the emotionally charged planning for the redevelopment of the WTC site between September 2001 and the end of 2004. Though we do not yet know how these plans will be reahzed, we can nonetheless examine how the initial plans emerged-or were extracted-from competing ambitions, contentious turf battles, intense architectural fights, and seemingly unresolvable design conflicts. World's Most Visible Urban Redevelopment Project 25 24 Contentious City ( rebuilding the site. -
Chapter 5. Historic Resources 5.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 5. HISTORIC RESOURCES 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.1.1 CONTEXT Lower Manhattan is home to many of New York City’s most important historic resources and some of its finest architecture. It is the oldest and one of the most culturally rich sections of the city. Thus numerous buildings, street fixtures and other structures have been identified as historically significant. Officially recognized resources include National Historic Landmarks, other individual properties and historic districts listed on the State and National Registers of Historic Places, properties eligible for such listing, New York City Landmarks and Historic Districts, and properties pending such designation. National Historic Landmarks (NHL) are nationally significant historic places designated by the Secretary of the Interior because they possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States. All NHLs are included on the National Register, which is the nation’s official list of historic properties worthy of preservation. Historic resources include both standing structures and archaeological resources. Historically, Lower Manhattan’s skyline was developed with the most technologically advanced buildings of the time. As skyscraper technology allowed taller buildings to be built, many pioneering buildings were erected in Lower Manhattan, several of which were intended to be— and were—the tallest building in the world, such as the Woolworth Building. These modern skyscrapers were often constructed alongside older low buildings. By the mid 20th-century, the Lower Manhattan skyline was a mix of historic and modern, low and hi-rise structures, demonstrating the evolution of building technology, as well as New York City’s changing and growing streetscapes. -
On May 17, 2006, Governor George E. Pataki and Mayor Michael R
FRANK J. SCIAME WORLD TRADE CENTER MEMORIAL DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS AND ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION On May 17, 2006, Governor George E. Pataki and Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced that we would help lead the effort to ensure a buildable World Trade Center Memorial. The goal of our process was to ensure the World Trade Center Memorial be brought in line with the $500 million budget while remaining consistent with the Reflecting Absence vision and Daniel Libeskind’s Master Plan for the World Trade Center site. This document summarizes the findings and recommendations that arose from our process. After several phases of value engineering and analysis of the various components of the Memorial, Memorial Museum, and Visitor Orientation and Education Center (VOEC) design, we narrowed the field of options and revisions that were most promising to fulfill the vision of the Reflecting Absence design and the Master Plan, while providing significant cost savings and meeting the schedule to open the Memorial on September 11, 2009. Various potential design refinements were reviewed at a meeting with the Governor and the Mayor on June 15, 2006. Upon consultation with the Governor and the Mayor, it was determined that one option best fulfilled the three guiding principles articulated below. BACKGROUND SELECTION OF WTC SITE MASTER PLAN (Following are excerpts on the LMDC’s process – for more information please visit: http://www.renewnyc.com/plan_des_dev/wtc_site/Sept2003Overview.asp) In the summer of 2002, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) initiated a worldwide search for design and planning professionals to propose a visionary land use plan for the World Trade Center area. -
The Tangible and Intangible Afterlife of Architectural Heritage Destroyed by Acts of War
REBUILDING TO REMEMBER, REBUILDING TO FORGET: THE TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE AFTERLIFE OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE DESTROYED BY ACTS OF WAR by LAUREN J. KANE A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Art History, Cultural Heritage and Preservation Studies written under the direction of Dr. Tod Marder and approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May, 2011 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Rebuilding to Remember, Rebuilding to Forget: The Tangible and Intangible Afterlife of Architectural Heritage Destroyed by Acts of War by LAUREN J. KANE Thesis Director: Dr. Tod Marder Aggressors have often attacked sites of valued architectural heritage, believing such destruction will demoralize the targeted nation’s people and irreversibly shake the foundations of the marginalized culture. Of architectural structures that have been specifically targeted and fell victim to enemy attacks over the past decades however, many have been rebuilt in some capacity. This study considers the cases of Old Town Warsaw, the Stari Most in Mostar, and the former World Trade Center site in New York City to understand the ways in which local citizens engaged with the monuments tangible presence and intangible spirit prior to acts of aggression, during the monuments’ physical destruction, and throughout the process of rebuilding. From this analysis, it is concluded that while the rebuilding of valued sites of architectural heritage often reaffirms a culture’s resilience, there is no universal way to deal with the aftermath of the destruction of built heritage. -
Negotiating the Mega-Rebuilding Deal at the World Trade Center: Plans for Redevelopment
NEGOTIATING THE MEGA-REBUILDING DEAL AT THE WORLD TRADE CENTER: PLANS FOR REDEVELOPMENT DARA M. MCQUILLAN* & JOHN LIEBER ** Good morning. The current state of Lower Manhattan is the result of multiple years of planning and refinement of designs. Later I will spend a couple of minutes discussing the various buildings that we are constructing. First, to give you a little sense of perspective, Larry Silverstein,1 a quintessential New York developer, first got involved at the World Trade Center and with the Port Authority, owner of the World Trade Center,2 in 1980 when he won a bid to build 7 World Trade Center.3 In 1987, Silverstein completed the seventh tower, just north of the World Trade Center site.4 As Alex mentioned, 7 World Trade Center was not the most attractive building in New York and completely cut off Greenwich Street. Greenwich Street is the main street running through Tribeca and connects one of the most dynamic and interesting neighborhoods in New York to the financial district.5 Greenwich serves as a major link to Wall Street. I used to live in SoHo. I would walk to work at the Twin Towers every morning down Greenwich Street past the Robert DeNiro Film Center, Bazzini‘s Nuts, the parks, and the lofts of movie stars, and all of a sudden I would be in front of a 656-foot brick wall of a building. There were huge wind vortexes which often swept garbage all over the place, you could never get a cab, and it was a very * Vice President of Marketing and Communications for World Trade Center Properties, LLC, and Silverstein Properties, Inc. -
World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition
World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition GUIDELINES Remember and honor the thousands of innocent men, women, and children murdered by terrorists in the horrific attacks of February 26, 1993 and September 11, 2001. Deadline for Registration: May 29, 2003 Deadline for Submission: June 30, 2003 Invitation to Compete Dear Competitors, On behalf of all New Yorkers, we welcome your participation in the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition. This is the most significant public memorial project in our City’s recent history, and we are depending on the creative community for your vision and insight. Memorials serve so many essential functions: they give us a context for remembering the past, engaging the present, and reflecting on the future. We are seeking to honor the lives lost in the attacks of 9/11 on New York City – and on Washington, DC and the flight that ended in Shanksville, PA – as well as during the attack on the World Trade Center on February 26, 1993. We also need to commemorate the resilience as well as the grieving of survivors, co-workers, neighbors, and citizens profoundly affected. The values of liberty and democracy transcend geography and nationality, and they must be given physical expression as we reimagine Lower Manhattan. By taking part in this competition, you have already helped to heal our City and demonstrate once again, New York does not stand alone. Sincerely, George E. Pataki Michael R. Bloomberg Governor Mayor State of New York City of New York Letter from the LMDC Chairman Dear Competitors: On behalf of the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, I wish to We are deeply indebted to the members of the Memorial Working extend my heartfelt appreciation and encouragement to the hundreds Group of the LMDC Board, including Deborah Wright, Tom Johnson, of people around the world who will take part in this competition. -
Official Statement Dated January 18, 2012
OFFICIAL STATEMENT DATED AUGUST 14, 2014 $346,705,000 THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY CONSOLIDATED BONDS, ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FOURTH SERIES $483,460,000 THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY CONSOLIDATED BONDS, ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY-FIFTH SERIES* Except to the extent otherwise set forth in this Official Statement, this Official Statement applies to Consolidated Bonds, One Hundred Eighty-fourth Series and Consolidated Bonds, One Hundred Eighty-fifth Series with equal force and effect, each of such series being referred to in this Official Statement without differentiation as the “Bonds.” The Bonds are direct and general obligations of The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey pledging the full faith and credit of the Port Authority for the payment of principal thereof and interest thereon. The Bonds are secured equally and ratably with all other Consolidated Bonds (which includes Consolidated Notes) heretofore or hereafter issued by a pledge of (a) the net revenues of all existing facilities of the Port Authority and any additional facilities which may hereafter be financed or refinanced in whole or in part through the medium of Consolidated Bonds, (b) the General Reserve Fund of the Port Authority equally with other obligations of the Port Authority secured by the General Reserve Fund and (c) the Consolidated Bond Reserve Fund established in connection with Consolidated Bonds. The Port Authority has no power to levy taxes or assessments. The Port Authority’s bonds, notes and other obligations are not obligations of the States of New York and New Jersey or of either of them, and are not guaranteed by said States or by either of them. -
May 5, 2003 Dear Family Member, on February 27, 2003, the Lower
May 5, 2003 Dear Family Member, On February 27, 2003, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced the final proposed plan for the World Trade Center site. Memory Foundations by Studio Daniel Libeskind creates a powerful setting for the World Trade Center Site Memorial. Studio Libeskind’s inspirational design leaves portions of the slurry wall exposed and reserves a majestic setting for a world- class memorial in the area known as the bathtub. For a detailed description of the Memory Foundations plan please visit our website at www.renewnyc.com. The plan was born out of an unprecedented public process through which family members, and others affected by the terrorist attacks, provided thousands of comments through public meetings, mailings, comment cards and the LMDC website. This public process will continue as we take the next step toward the creation of a fitting memorial to those lost on February 26, 1993, and September 11, 2001. Two important milestones in the creation of an appropriate memorial are a memorial mission statement and a memorial program. A mission statement provides inspiration and guidance for the memorial, while the memorial program identifies specific elements that will be included in the World Trade Center Site Memorial. In January 2003, the LMDC released a draft memorial mission statement and program for public comment. The draft was the product of two committees comprised of family members of the victims, survivors, first responders, residents and business owners in Lower Manhattan, and representatives of cultural and architectural institutions. These committees premised their work on an earlier draft mission statement and program created by the LMDC’s Families Advisory Council. -
Partial Action Plan No.7 for World Trade Center Memorial and Cultural Program and Lower Manhattan Tourism
AS SUBMITTED TO HUD (as of 5/18/04) LOWER MANHATTAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Partial Action Plan No.7 for World Trade Center Memorial and Cultural Program and Lower Manhattan Tourism Overview The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) has prepared the following Partial Action Plan with regard to the $2 billion federal grant for the World Trade Center disaster recovery and rebuilding efforts administered by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). LMDC has received additional funding by a more recent $783 million grant from HUD for damaged properties and businesses (including the restoration of utility infrastructure) as well as economic revitalization related to the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center. This plan details the proposed expenditure of $176,134,105.26 of the remaining amounts from the $2 billion allocation to fund the following items: 1. World Trade Center Memorial and Cultural Program 2. Lower Manhattan Tourism 3. Planning and Administration To date, HUD has approved seven Partial Action Plans totaling $1.62 billion out of the $2.73 billion allocation. The Partial Action Plans are listed in the table below: PAP No. Purpose of Partial Action Plan Date Approved Total Expenditure for PAP Residential Grant Program, Employment 1 Training Assistance Program, Interim 9/25/2002 $305,892,500.00 Memorial, and Planning and Administration Business Recovery and Economic 2 11/22/2002 $350,000,000.00 Revitalization 3 Cultural and Community Development 6/14/2003 $24,047,048.42 Short Term Capital -
From the World Trade Center to the Freedom Tower1
Journal of American Studies of Turkey 25 (2007) : 31-44 Eye Was There: From the World Trade Center to the Freedom Tower1 Devrim Kılıçer Yarangümeli Fear can cause blindness, said the girl with dark glasses, Never a truer word, that could not be truer, we were already blind the moment when we turned blind, fear struck us blind, fear will keep us blind, Who is speaking, asked the doctor, A blind man, replied a voice, just a blind man, for that is all we have here. Jóse Saramago, Blindness Architecture, as one of the most powerful and familiar forms of visual communication, occupies a major place in visual culture. American architect Daniel Libeskind, who is the winner of the master plan for rebuilding Ground Zero, clarifies the point when he says: “I believe that design and architecture are the foremost communicators of all—they tell a story. Without them, there would be no history, no reference about where we are, where we have been and where we are going; not only as individuals but as a society” (Libeskind, “News”). Furthermore, Walter Benjamin in “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” holds architecture above any other art form arguing that many other art forms have developed and perished in time, but not architecture (239). Benjamin underlines that the human need for shelter is lasting; therefore, the art of creating spaces, architecture has never been idle (240). He writes that “[architecture’s] claim to being a living force has significance in every attempt to comprehend the relationship of the masses to art” (240). -
Geographies of Trauma, Memory, and Loss at the National September 11Th Memorial & Museum at the World Trade Center
Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE May 2014 Rummaging Through the Wreckage: Geographies of Trauma, Memory, and Loss at the National September 11th Memorial & Museum at the World Trade Center Jacquelyn Micieli-Voutsinas Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Micieli-Voutsinas, Jacquelyn, "Rummaging Through the Wreckage: Geographies of Trauma, Memory, and Loss at the National September 11th Memorial & Museum at the World Trade Center" (2014). Dissertations - ALL. 126. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/126 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT This dissertation traces the emergence of 9/11 memory as it is shaped in relation to the event’s memorialization at nationally-dedicated landscapes of memory. Focusing on the National September 11th Memorial & Museum, The National Flight 93 Memorial, and the National Pentagon 9/11 Memorial, my research examines how cultural memory is mediated through the establishment of ‘places of memory’ within the built-environment. Here, I argue, the preservation of place acts as a repository of national memory by safeguarding the history of 9/11 for future generations. Contextualizing these landscapes of memory within the global war on terrorism, my analytical framework engages the transnational significance of 9/11 memory in a global world. Accordingly, this research situates 9/11 remembrance within interdisciplinary and cross-border conversations that theorize national practices of preservation and commemoration in relation to transnational flows of people, information, and ideas. -
View Latest Version Here. Opotow Interview Final 08-14-19 Mixdown
This transcript was exported on Oct 11, 2019 - view latest version here. Tanya Domi: Hi, this is Tanya Domi. Welcome to the Thought Project recorded at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, fostering groundbreaking research and scholarship in the arts, social sciences and sciences. In this space, we talk with faculty and doctoral students about the big thinking and big ideas generating cutting edge research informing New Yorkers and the world. Tanya Domi: This week's guest is Dr. Susan Opotow of John Jay College of Criminal Justice and The Graduate Center at CUNY. She is a core faculty member of the sociology department at John Jay and a doctoral faculty member in the psychology program at The Graduate Center. A social psychologist, her research examines the psychology of justice, conflict, exclusion and inclusion. Tanya Domi: Dr. Opotow, along with eight of her doctoral students, researched the 9/11 attack on America, publishing New York After 9/11, Fordham Press 2018. As New York City and America approaches the 18th anniversary of the shocking events that took place on that beautiful crystal clear morning in New York City, this history has now become memory, as the book points out. Opotow will share what she and her student discovered in the years since that fateful day on September 11th, 2001. Tanya Domi: Welcome to the Thought Project, Dr. Opotow. Thank you for being here today. Susan Opotow: Thank you for inviting me. Tanya Domi: We're going to be talking about 9/11. I think one of the first questions that people always ask one another is where were you on 9/11? What do you remember from that fateful day? Susan Opotow: Yeah, that's a very grounding moment, isn't it, when the world shifted.