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Private Nutzung Von Smartglasses Im Öffentlichen Raum Private Nutzung von Smartglasses im öffentlichen Raum Dr. Thomas Schwenke Creative-Commons-Lizenz: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Die Texte dieses Werks sind unter der Creative-Commons-Lizenz vom Typ „Na- mensnennung – Nicht kommerziell – Keine Bearbeitung 4.0 International“ lizen- ziert. Um eine Zusammenfassung und die vollständige Lizenz einzusehen, besu- chen Sie bitte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de. Diese Lizenz erlaubt insbesondere, dass dieses Werk für nicht kommerzielle Zwe- cke im unbearbeiteten Zustand andernorts veröffentlicht, vervielfältigt oder ver- breitet wird. Dieser Lizenzhinweis darf dabei nicht entfernt werden. Bei verwen- deten Bildern gelten, soweit genannt, die dort angegebenen Creative-Commons- Lizenzen. Der weiter unten im Werk verwendete Hinweis „Alle Rechte vorbehal- ten“, entstammt der erstveröffentlichten Printversion und steht der Creative-Com- mons-Lizenz nicht entgegen. Zitatrecht und Zitiervorschläge: Die verwendete Lizenz schränkt das geltende Zitatrecht nicht ein. D.h. einzelne Sätze oder Passagen dürfen übernommen werden, solange die Zitierregeln beach- tet werden (d.h. die Zitate als Belege für eigene Ausführungen und Gedanken die- nen). Bei der Zitierung ist der Verweis auf die Printversion ausreichend: Als Fußnote: Schwenke, Private Nutzung von Smartglasses im öffentlichen Raum, S. 1. Im Literaturverzeichnis: Schwenke, Thomas, Private Nutzung von Smartglasses im öffentlichen Raum, Edewecht 2016. Bei Onlinezitaten wird die Verlinkung oder Angabe des Links zur Webseite des Werks unverbindlich empfohlen, z.B.: Schwenke, Private Nutzung von Smartglasses im öffentlichen Raum, S. 1 <https://drschwenke.de/smartglasses>. Hinweise zum Versionsstand: Diese elektronische Version der Monographie entspricht der veröffentlichten Printversion, die weiterhin erworben werden kann: http://olwir.de/?content=reihen%2Fuebersicht&sort=zi-wi-re&isbn=978-3- 95599-029-9. Link zur Website des Werks: https://drschwenke.de/smartglasses. BEITRÄGE ZUM ZIVIL- UND WIRTSCHAFTSRECHT Dr. Thomas Schwenke Private Nutzung von Smartglasses im öffentlichen Raum Smartglasses erweitern und ergänzen die sinnliche Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit der Menschen und stellen so effiziente Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen dar, die Menschen zur Selbstbehauptung in einer datafi- zierten Welt befähigen. Zu diesem Zweck müssten Smartglasses jedoch die physische Welt möglichst detailreich erfassen, womit Menschen im öffentlichen Raum einer permanenten Beobachtung und einem Verlust von Rückzugmöglichkeiten ausgesetzt sein würden. Dr. Thomas Schwenke untersucht, ob Smartglasses sich angesichts dieser Gefährdung der Privatsphäre in den Alltag von Menschen inte- grieren und so überhaupt ihre technischen Vorteile ausspielen können. Die Untersuchung ist durch einen Dreiklang der technischen und gesellschaftlichen Betrachtung sowie deren rechtlicher Würdigung gekennzeichnet. Sie beginnt mit der Darstellung technischer Architektur sowie Funktionen und Einsatzbereichen von Smartglasses. Dabei werden insbesondere die möglichen Einsatzfelder herausgestellt, auf deren Grundlage die schützenswerten Interessen ihrer Nutzer heraus- gearbeitet werden. Für die Zwecke der Veranschaulichung werden Beispiele konkreter Geräte vorge- stellt, und es wird auch ein Ausblick in mögliche künftige Entwicklungen gegeben. Anschließend widmet sich die Untersuchung den gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Smartglasses- Technologie und den Reaktionen von Menschen auf die „Cyborgs“, wie deren Nutzer häufig bezeich- net werden. Danach werden das Konzept der Privatsphäre, dessen Grundlagen sowie seine historische Entwicklung dargestellt, um die Bedeutung der Privatsphäre sowie ihre Beeinträchtigung, aber auch ihre gegenwärtige und künftige Daseinsberechtigung beurteilen zu können. Im nächsten Schritt wird untersucht, inwieweit die Privatsphäre einen verfassungsrechtlichen Schutz erfahren hat und wie dieser durch den Einsatz von Smartglasses beeinträchtigt wird. Neben der Prüfung des Rechts auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung werden die Kriterien zur Bestimmung der Nützlichkeit und der Ein- griffsintensität von Smartglasses zum Zweck der Interessenabwägung auf der Ebene des einfachen Rechts herausgearbeitet. Die rechtliche Prüfung wird durch die Möglichkeiten zur sofortigen Abwehr Betroffener sowie den Einfluss der EU-Datenschutzgrundverordnung auf die gewonnenen Ergebnisse abgeschlossen. Der Schlußteil der Untersuchung beginnt mit Prognose künftiger technischen und sozialer Entwick- lungen. Ihr folgen Vorschläge für Maßnahmen, die eine privatsphärenschonende Nutzung von Smart- glasses im öffentlichen Raum ermöglichen sollen. XXV, 409 S., Edewecht 2016, € 49,80 ISBN 978-3-95599-029-9 OlWIR Verlag — Oldenburger Verlag für Wirtschaft, Informatik und Recht Rudolf-Kinau-Str. 54, 26188 Edewecht Bestellungen an: mailto:[email protected] Bestellung über Website: http://olwir.de/?content=reihen%2Fuebersicht &sort=zi-wi-re&isbn=978-3-95599-029-9 OLDENBURGER BEITRÄGE ZUM ZIVIL- UND WIRTSCHAFTSRECHT herausgegeben von Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Taeger Dr. Thomas Schwenke Private Nutzung von Smartglasses im öffentlichen Raum Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Zugl.: Oldenburg, Univ., Diss., 2016 Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem säurefreiem Papier. Alle Rechte vorbehalten © OlWIR Verlag Oldenburger Verlag für Wirtschaft, Informatik und Recht Rudolf-Kinau-Str. 54, 26188 Edewecht [email protected] Edewecht 2016 ISBN: 978-3-95599-029-9 VORWORT Diese Arbeit wurde im Wintersemester 2015/2016 von der Fakultät II – Informatik, Wirtschafts- und Rechtswissenschaften der Carl von Ossietz- ky Universität Oldenburg als Dissertation angenommen und ist mit Bezug zum Verbundprojekt „Chancen und Risiken von Smartcams im öffentli- chen Raum“ (ChaRiSma) entstanden. Die berücksichtigte Literatur, die Rechtsprechung sowie die Sach- und übrige Rechtslage befinden sich auf dem Stand vom 15. Januar 2016. Mein Dank für die fachlich wertvolle Unterstützung, persönliche Moti- vation sowie die methodischen und inhaltlichen Freiräume bei der Erstel- lung dieser Arbeit gilt dem Projektleiter und meinem Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Jürgen Taeger. Ein großer Dank gilt ebenfalls dem Zweitgutachter Prof. Dr. Dr. Volker Boehme-Neßler. Ebenso möchte ich mich bei dem Heise Zeitschriften Verlag für die technische Unterstützung, insbesondere durch Joerg Heidrich und Jan- Keno Janssen bedanken. Denis Mitlacher schulde ich großen Dank für die Durchsicht des Manuskripts und Vorschläge zu technischen und gesell- schaftlichen Aspekten. Dies gilt auch für Hannes Schleeh, dem ich viele Erfahrungen zur Nutzung von Smartglasses verdanke. Nicht zu Letzt geht der Dank an meinen Podcasts-Partner Marcus Rich- ter und die Zuhörer des Rechtsbelehrung.com-Podcasts, in dessen Rah- men die Idee und die Grundlagen für diese Arbeit gelegt wurden. Für viele Anregungen und Unterstützung möchte ich mich ebenfalls bei mei- nen Freunden, Followern und Kontakten im Internet bedanken. Meiner Familie und meinem Team bin ich für den Rückhalt ebenfalls zum Dank verpflichtet. Berlin, im Mai 2016 Thomas Schwenke V INHALTSÜBERSICHT VORWORT ................................................................................... V INHALT ..................................................................................... IX ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS ............................................................ XXI A EINFÜHRUNG UND GRUNDLAGEN DER UNTERSUCHUNG ...................... 1 I. Problemdarstellung und Ziele der Untersuchung .............................. 1 II. Thesen der Untersuchung .......................................................... 4 III. Methodik der Untersuchung ....................................................... 5 IV. Begriffsdefinitionen .................................................................. 9 V. Gang der Untersuchung ............................................................ 21 B SMARTGLASSES-TECHNOLOGIE ................................................... 23 I. Ubiquitous Computing, Mobile Computing und Wearable Technology ... 24 II. Definition von Smartglasses als Untersuchungsgegenstand ................ 26 III. Typische Nutzungsarten von Smartglasses ..................................... 34 IV. Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Smartglasses ................. 49 V. Hohes Nutzungspotenzial von Smartglasses ................................... 57 C GESELLSCHAFTLICHE REAKTIONEN AUF SMARTGLASSES .................... 59 I. „Cyborg“ als Indikator technologisch-gesellschaftlichen Umbruchs ..... 60 II. Bisherige Erfahrungen mit Smartglasses ....................................... 64 III. Zunahme sozialer Spannungen infolge der Nutzung von Smartglasses .................................................................... 73 D KONZEPT UND ENTSTEHUNG DER PRIVATSPHÄRE ............................ 75 I. Entstehung eines Bedürfnisses nach Schutz der Privatsphäre ............. 75 II. Definition, Schutzzwecke und Funktionen der Privatsphäre .............. 82 III. Das moderne Privatsphärenkonzept ............................................ 89 E VERFASSUNGSRECHTLICHE PRÜFUNG DER NUTZUNG VON SMARTGLASSES ............................................. 93 I. Auswirkung der Grundrechte im Verhältnis zwischen Privaten ........... 93 VII Inhaltsübersicht II. Beeinträchtigte Interessen der Betroffenen .................................. 95 III. Interessen
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