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Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain, 2004

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Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain, 2004 A survey carried out by the Office for National Statistics on behalf of the Department of Health and the Scottish Executive Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain, 2004 Authors: Hazel Green Áine McGinnity Howard Meltzer Tamsin Ford Robert Goodman © Crown copyright 2005 A National Statistics publication Published with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s National Statistics are produced to high professional standards as set Stationery Office (HMSO). out in the National Statistics Code of Practice. They are produced free from political influence. This publication, excluding logos, may be reproduced free of charge, in any format or medium for research or private study subject to it About the Office for National Statistics being reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is the government agency The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title responsible for compiling, analysing and disseminating economic, of the publication specified. This publication can also be accessed at social and demographic statistics about the United Kingdom. It also the National Statistics website: www.statistics.gov.uk administers the statutory registration of births, marriages and deaths in England and Wales. For any other use of this material please apply for a free Click-Use Licence on the HMSO website: The Director of ONS is also the National Statistician and the Registrar www.hmso.gov.uk/click-use-home.htm General for England and Wales. or write to HMSO at The Licensing Division, St Clement’s House, 2–16 Colegate, Norwich, NR3 1BQ For enquiries about this publication, contact Hazel Green. Fax: 01603 723000 or e-mail: hmsolicensing@cabinetoffice.x.gsi.gov.uk Tel: 020 7533 5374 E-mail: [email protected] First published 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN For general enquiries, contact the National Statistics Customer Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and Contact Centre. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 Tel: 0845 601 3034 (minicom: 01633 812399) Companies and representatives throughout the world. E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 01633 652747 PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Post: Room D115, Government Buildings, Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Cardiff Road, Newport NP10 8XG Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the You can also find National Statistics on the Internet at European Union and other countries. www.statistics.gov.uk ISBN 1-4039-8637-1 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport. Contents Page List of tables and figures vi Acknowledgements xvii Notes xviii Summary of main findings xix 1: Background, aims and coverage of the survey 1 Background 2 Aims of the 2004 survey 2 Review of previous research 3 Timetable 4 Coverage of the survey 4 Content of the survey 4 Coverage of the report 5 Access to the data 5 2: Assessing mental disorders and their correlates 7 Introduction 8 Definitions of mental disorder 8 Single versus multiple informants 8 Methods of assessing mental disorders 9 Screening instruments 9 Diagnostic instruments 9 Measurement of correlates of mental disorders 11 3: Sampling and survey procedures 17 Introduction 18 Sample design 18 The interviews 18 Survey response rates 18 Interviewing procedures 20 Follow-up study 21 4: Prevalence of mental disorders 23 Introduction 24 Prevalence of mental disorders by personal characteristics 24 Prevalence of mental disorders by family characteristics 26 Prevalence of mental disorders by household characteristics 28 Prevalence of mental disorders by area characteristics 30 Odds ratios of socio-demographic correlates of mental disorders 31 iii Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain, 2004 5: Emotional disorders 71 Introduction 72 Typical behaviour patterns 72 Demographic, socio-economic and area characteristics 73 Child’s general, physical and mental health 75 Use of services 77 Scholastic ability and attendance at school 78 Social functioning of the family 80 Child’s social functioning 81 Smoking, drinking and drug use 83 Self-harm 84 Results from the six-month follow-up survey 84 6: Conduct disorders 113 Introduction 114 Typical behaviour patterns 114 Demographic, socio-economic and area characteristics 115 Child’s general, physical and mental health 117 Use of services 119 Scholastic ability and attendance at school 120 Social functioning of the family 122 Child’s social functioning 123 Smoking, drinking and drug use 125 Self-harm 126 Results from the six-month follow-up survey 126 7: Hyperkinetic disorders 155 Introduction 156 Typical behaviour patterns 156 Demographic, socio-economic and area characteristics 156 Child’s general, physical and mental health 158 Use of services 159 Scholastic ability and attendance at school 159 Social functioning of the family 161 Child’s social functioning 162 Smoking, drinking and drug use 163 Self-harm 164 Results from the six-month follow-up survey 164 8: Autistic spectrum disorder and other less common disorders 187 Introduction 188 Typical behaviour patterns 188 Demographic, socio-economic and area characteristics 189 Child’s general, physical and mental health 190 Use of services 191 Scholastic ability and attendance at school 191 Social functioning of the family 192 Child’s social functioning 193 iv Contents Smoking, drinking and drug use 193 Self-harm 193 Results from the six-month follow-up survey 193 9: Children with multiple disorders 211 Introduction 212 Prevalence of multiple disorders 212 Characteristics and behaviour of children with multiple disorders 212 Results from the six-month follow-up survey 213 10: Mental disorders in Scotland 219 Introduction 220 Demographic, socio-economic and area characteristics 220 Child’s general health and mental health 222 Scholastic ability and attendance at school 223 Social functioning of the family 224 Self-harm 225 Appendices Appendix A Sampling, weighting and adjustment procedures 235 Appendix B Statistical terms and their interpretation 241 Appendix C Sampling errors 243 Appendix D Recent research on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire 251 Appendix E Survey Documents 257 Appendix F Glossary of terms 383 v List of tables 3: Sampling and survey procedures 3.1 Final response: Parents and children 19 3.2 Final response: Teachers 20 3.3 Response to follow up survey 21 4: Prevalence of mental disorders 4.1 Prevalence of mental disorders by age and sex, 2004 35 4.2 Prevalence of mental disorders by age and sex, 1999 and 2004 36 4.3 Prevalence of subcategories of mental disorders: children aged 5–10, 1999 and 2004 37 4.4 Prevalence of subcategories of mental disorders: children aged 11–16, 1999 and 2004 38 4.5 Prevalence of subcategories of mental disorders: all children, 1999 and 2004 39 4.6 Prevalence of mental disorders by ethnicity, age and sex, 2004 40 4.7 Prevalence of mental disorders by family type, age and sex, 2004 42 4.8 Prevalence of mental disorders by whether family contains stepchildren, age and sex, 2004 44 4.9 Prevalence of mental disorders by number of children in household, age and sex, 2004 46 4.10 Prevalence of mental disorders by educational qualifications of parent, age and sex, 2004 48 4.11 Prevalence of mental disorders by family’s employment, age and sex, 2004 50 4.12 Prevalence of mental disorders by household income, age and sex, 2004 52 4.13 Prevalence of mental disorders by receipt of disability benefits, age and sex, 2004 54 4.14 Prevalence of mental disorders by socio-economic classification, age and sex, 2004 56 4.15 Prevalence of mental disorders by tenure, age and sex, 2004 58 4.16 Prevalence of mental disorders by accommodation type, age and sex, 2004 60 4.17 Prevalence of mental disorders by country, age and sex, 1999 and 2004 62 4.18 Prevalence of mental disorders by region, age and sex, 2004 63 4.19 Prevalence of mental disorders by ACORN classification, age and sex, 2004 65 4.20 Odds Ratios for socio-demographic correlates of mental disorders, 2004 67 4.21 Odds Ratios for socio-demographic correlates of emotional disorders, 2004 69 vi List of tables 5: Emotional disorders 5.1 Sex, age and ethnicity of child by type of emotional disorder, 1999 and 2004 combined 86 5.2 Family characteristics by type of emotional disorder, 1999 and 2004 combined 87 5.3 Parent’s education and socio-economic characteristics by type of emotional disorder, 1999 and 2004 combined 88 5.4 Housing and income by type of emotional disorder, 1999 and 2004 combined 89 5.5 Region, country and area type by type of emotional disorder, 1999 and 2004 combined 90 5.6 Child’s general health by type of emotional disorder, 1999 and 2004 combined 90 5.7 Co-occurrence of physical and developmental problems with emotional disorders, 1999 and 2004 combined 91 5.8 Co-occurrence of other mental disorders with emotional disorders, 1999 and 2004 combined 92 5.9 Parent’s view of child’s mental health by type of emotional disorder, 1999 and 2004 combined 92 5.10 Whether child is taking any medication by whether has an emotional disorder, 2004 93 5.11 Help sought in last year for child’s mental health problems by type of emotional disorder,
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