DOCSLIB.ORG

Modern Techniques in Bridge Engineering Techniques in Bridge Modern

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Modern Techniques in Bridge Engineering Techniques in Bridge Modern Edited by Mahmoud Modern in Bridge Techniques Engineering Due to signifi cant economic growth in the last few decades, increasing traffi c loads impose tremendous demand on bridge structures. This coupled with ongoing deterioration of bridges; introduce a unique challenge to bridge engineers in maintaining service of these infrastructure assets without disruption to vital economic and social activities. This requires innovative solutions and optimized methodologies to achieve safe and effi cient operation of bridge structures. Bridge engineering practitioners, researchers, owners, and contractors from all over the world presented on modern techniques in design, inspection, monitoring and rehabilitation of bridge structures, at the Sixth New York City Bridge Conference; held in New York City on July 25-26, 2011. This book contains select number of papers presented at the conference. This group of papers is state-of-the-art in bridge engineering and is of interest to any reader in the fi eld. Modern Techniques in Bridge Engineering Edited by Khaled M. Mahmoud an informa business MODERN TECHNIQUES IN BRIDGE ENGINEERING NY BRIDGE.indb i 6/20/2011 9:06:32 PM This page intentionally left blank Modern Techniques in Bridge Engineering Editor Khaled M. Mahmoud Bridge Technology Consulting (BTC), New York City, USA NY BRIDGE.indb iii 6/20/2011 9:06:33 PM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20111129 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-203-18189-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Table of contents Preface vii 1 Cable-supported bridges Design of the Forth Replacement Crossing, Scotland, UK 3 S. Kite, M. Carter & B. Minto The cable-stayed bridge across the River Sava in Belgrade 13 P. Walser, S. Hopf & M. Steinkühler Indian River Inlet Bridge—A design-build in progress 27 E. Nelson Main cable corrosion protection by dehumidification: Experience, optimization and new developments 39 M.L. Bloomstine 2 Bridge analysis & design Bridge design for maintenance 57 B.R. Colford The New Lake Champlain Bridge design process 71 T. Potts, J. Billings, J. Bridges & J. Boni A signature footbridge for Xinjin, China 93 Q. Ye, J. Zhang, C. Clark & G. Fanjiang Comparative of single pendulum and triple pendulum seismic isolation bearings on the St. Laurent Bridge, Quebec, Canada 105 J. Barbas, P. Matusewitch & M. Williams Incorporating climate change predictions in the hydraulic analysis of bridges 127 G.M. Shields 3 Innovative bridge technology Concrete filled tubular flange girder bridge 137 R. Bondi The Queens Boulevard Bridge—the NEXT generation 149 D. Tuckman & M. Deitch New tools for inspection of gusset plates 161 C. Higgins, O.T. Turan & Q. Nguyen v NY BRIDGE.indb v 6/20/2011 9:06:33 PM VI Table of contents 4 Bridge rehabilitation and retrofit Delaware River Turnpike Bridge—riveted connection analysis and retrofit 171 R.J. Schaefer, B.D. Buckman, W. Scott Johnsen & J. Laird Rehabilitation of the 31st Street Arch of Hell Gate Viaduct, New York City 185 M.J. Abrahams Main span hinge elimination and continuity retrofit of the Sandesund Prestressed Box Girder Bridge in Norway 191 S. Fjeldheim & S. Kr. Heggem Deck truss bearing rehabilitation for the Benjamin Franklin Bridge 201 Q. Ye, Q.V. Nguyen, E. Montgomery & M. Venuto Low profile uplift bearings for the Atlantic Avenue Viaduct, New York City 213 R.J. Watson & J. Conklin 5 Bridge replacement & construction Rapid replacement of bridges using modular systems 223 B. Sivakumar Accelerating bridge construction with prefabricated bridge elements—The latest in new technology for moderate to high seismic regions in the United States 235 B. Khaleghi, K. Thompson & P. Chung Replacement of the Hog Island Channel and Powell Creek Bridges 245 L. Fernandez 6 Bridge management & monitoring Remote structural monitoring systems for long-term confidence in a structure’s condition 255 T. Spuler, G. Moor, R. Berger & R. Watson Strategies in tunnel design, construction, maintenance, inspection and operations 265 H. Capers, Jr., L. Jiang & K. Thompson Identifying and sharing best practices in bridge maintenance and management 275 M.M. Myers & H.A. Capers, Jr. 7 Historic bridges New bascule bridge for historic New Bern, North Carolina 287 E. Kelly Site and sight: Examining the forms of Hudson River Bridges 299 P. Draper, E. Segal & A. O’Connor The St. Louis Bridge, the Brooklyn Bridge, and the feud between Eads and Roebling 307 K. Gandhi Author index 323 NY BRIDGE.indb vi 6/20/2011 9:06:33 PM Preface Due to significant economic growth in the last few decades, increasing traffic loads impose tremendous demand on bridge structures. This coupled with ongoing deterioration of bridges; introduce a unique challenge to bridge engineers in maintaining service of these infrastructure assets without disruption to vital economic and social activities. This requires innovative solutions and optimized methodologies to achieve safe and efficient operation of bridge structures. Bridge engineering practitioners, researchers, owners, and contractors from all over the world presented on modern techniques in design, inspection, monitoring and rehabilitation of bridge structures, at the Sixth New York City Bridge Conference; held in New York City on July 25–26, 2011. This book contains select number of papers presented at the conference. This group of papers is state-of-the-art in bridge engineering and is of interest to any reader in the field. The Firth of Forth Estuary separates the Scottish capital of Edinburgh from the Kingdom of Fife to the north. The downstream crossings of the Forth at Queens ferry are two historic bridges, the iconic cantilever rail bridge constructed in the 1880’s, and the Forth Road Bridge, Britain’s first long span suspension bridge, which was opened in 1964. A recent comprehen- sive study into the future transport needs concluded that a third crossing is required to main- tain the crucial link for the economies of Fife, Edinburgh and the East coast of Scotland. The Proceedings lead off with a paper by Kite et al., on the “Design of the Forth Replace- ment Crossing, Scotland, UK”. The authors discuss design of the new transportation link, a cable stayed bridge with 3 towers and a pair of 650 meter main spans. In the centre of each main span the stay cables will overlap to stabilise the central tower, a unique design feature for a bridge of this scale. The design of the crossing has been carried out in accordance with the Eurocodes and project specific design criteria. The freeway E75 runs through Belgrade connecting central and southeast Europe. Known as “Autoput”, the freeway is notorious for traffic congestions, which present a major obstacle for further economic growth in the region. Traffic problems extend to all roadway bridges across the Sava River. In order to solve these traffic problems and in order to improve the infrastructure of the surrounding area a ring road was planned. In “The Cable-stayed bridge across the River Sava in Belgrade”, Walser et al. provide details of the design of the new cable-stayed bridge which is the key structure of the infrastructure improvement project. The bridge connects New Belgrade in the North with the Radnicka Street in the south and is located four kilometers upstream from the con- fluence of the Sava and the Danube Rivers. The new landmark of the city of Belgrade will carry a needle type tower with a total height of 200 m. With 40 stays on each side it holds up the main span of 376 meter length and backspan of 200 meter length. The total length of the structure including the approach spans will be 967 meter with a 45 meter width. The authors present details of design and construction of the structure. The existing bridge across the Indian River Inlet in Delaware has long been plagued by extreme scour conditions within the channel. To improve the safety of the crossing, construction of a new bridge is ongoing under a design-build contract.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evaluation of a High Performance Concrete Box Girder Bridge
    Evaluation of a High Performance Concrete Box Girder Bridge Andreas Greuel T. Michael Baseheart, Ph. D. Graduate Research Assistant Associate Professor of Civil University of Cincinnati Engineering Cincinnati, Ohio University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Bradley T. Rogers Engineer LJB, Inc. As part of the FHWA (Federal Highway Admin- Dayton, Ohio istration) High Performance Concrete Bridge Program, two full-scale truckload tests of Bridge GUE-22-6.57 were carried out. The main ob- jectives of these tests were to investigate the static and dynamic response of the high perfor- Richard A. Miller, Ph. D. mance concrete (HPC) structure. A secondary Associate Professor of Civil Engineering objective was to investigate the load transfer University of Cincinnati between the box girders through experimental Cincinnati, Ohio middepth shear keys. The structure was loaded using standard Ohio Department of Transporta- tion (ODOT) dump trucks. A model test of the bridge was conducted as well. It was found that the bridge behavior is well predicted using sim- ple models. The bridge behaves as a single unit and all girders share the load almost equally. Bahram M. Shahrooz, Ph. D. The dynamic behavior of the bridge is typical Associate Professor of Civil for comparable structures. Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio 60 PCI JOURNAL he use of high performance con- located on US Route 22, a heavily in that the Ohio box girder has only a crete (HPC) can lead to more traveled two-lane highway near Cam- 5 in. (127 mm ) thick bottom flange Teconomical bridge designs be- bridge, Ohio. rather than the 5.5 in.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Applicability of Box Girder for Balanced Cantilever Bridge Sneha Redkar1, Prof
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Review on applicability of Box Girder for Balanced Cantilever Bridge Sneha Redkar1, Prof. P. J. Salunke2 1Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, MGMCET, Maharashtra, India 2Head, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, MGMCET, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - This paper gives a brief introduction to the 1874. Use of steel led to the development of cantilever cantilever bridges and its evolution. Further in cantilever bridges. The world’s longest span cantilever bridge was built bridges it focuses on system and construction of balanced in 1917 at Quebec over St. Lawrence River with main span of cantilever bridges. The superstructure forms the dynamic 549 m. India can boast of one such long bridge, the Howrah element as a load carrying capacity. As box girders are widely bridge, over river Hooghly with main span of 457 m which is used in forming the superstructure of balanced cantilever fourth largest of its kind. bridges, its advantages are discussed and a detailed review is carried out. Concrete cantilever construction was first introduced in Europe in early 1950’s and it has since been broadly used in design and construction of several bridges. Unlike various Key Words: Bridge, Balanced Cantilever, Superstructure, bridges built in Germany using cast-in-situ method, Box Girder, Pre-stressing cantilever construction in France took a different direction, emphasizing the use of precast segments. The various advantages of precast segments over cast-in-situ are: 1. INTRODUCTION i. Precast segment construction method is a faster method compared to cast-in-situ construction method.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridges for Planes, Trains, but Not Automobiles by David A
    bridges for Planes, Trains, buT noT auTomobiles By David A. Burrows, P.E., LEED AP BD+C ® British Airways 747 crossing beneath the Taxiway “R” bridge, June, 2012. Courtesy of City of Phoenix Aviation Department. Copyright s described in the August edition of STRUCTURE® maga- zine, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport opened the first stage of their automated transit system, PHX Sky Train™, on April 8, 2013. Thousands of passengers have already boarded the Sky Train and experienced the comfortable five A th minute ride from the 44 Street Station through the East Economy Lot Station, over Taxiway “R” (more than 100 feet above Sky Harbor Blvd.), ending at Terminal 4. The next phase, known as Stage 1A, is currently under con- struction and continues Sky Train’s route from Terminal 4 to Terminal 3. Scheduled to be open in early 2015, Stagemagazine 1A, similar to the Stage 1 construction,S faces theT task ofR crossing U an active C T U R E taxiway. Unlike the first Stage’s crossing above Taxiway “R”, the current phase of construction crosses beneath Taxiways “S” and “T”. Both Stages’ taxiway crossings presented several design and construction challenges. A US Airways jet passes beneath the Taxiway R crossing with the PHX Sky Train overhead. Courtesy of City of Phoenix Aviation Department. The World’s First In addition to the challenging geometry was the schedule constraint On Oct. 10, 2010, a celebration to mark the re-opening of Taxiway for constructing the bridge. Because the construction required the “R” was held by the City of Phoenix with members of the City’s taxiway to be closed, a limited shutdown period of six months was Aviation Department, designers, contractors and media watching possible due to airport operations.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Precast Prestressed Segmental Bridges
    An Overview of Precast Prestressed ♦ Segmental Bridges Walter Podolny, Jr. Bridge Division Office of Engineering Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, D.C. he seventies will be recorded by Construction in this manner may T engineering historians as the de- also have a serious impact upon envi- cade in which prestressed concrete ronment and ecology. Prestressed segmental bridge construction came of segmental construction has extended age in North America. Segmental box the practical span of concrete bridges girder bridges have attracted the at- to approximately 800 ft (244 m). tention and captured the imagination Where segmental construction is used of bridge engineers and designers in conjunction with the cable-stay across the continent. bridge concept, the span range can be Because of practical limitations of extended to 1300 ft (400 m) and handling and shipping, the precast perhaps longer.' prestressed I-girder type of bridge Because construction of the super- construction is limited to an approxi- structure is executed from above, i.e., mate range of 120 to 150-ft (37 to 46 at deck level, the use of extensive m) spans. Beyond this range of span, falsework is avoided. Thus, there is no post-tensioned cast-in-place box gir- effect upon navigation clearance from ders on falsework are more attractive. falsework during construction and the However, in certain instances the ex- cost of extensive formwork is elimi- tensive use of falsework can prove to nated. Segmental viaduct type bridges be an economic disadvantage. Where provide a method whereby the impact deep ravines or navigable waterways of highway construction through en- must be crossed, extensive formwork vironmentally sensitive areas can be may be impractical.
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Span Cast-In-Place Post-Tensioned Concrete
    LRFD Example 1 1-Span CIPPTCBGB 1-Span Cast-in-Place Cast-in-place post-tensioned concrete box girder bridge. The bridge has a 160 Post-Tensioned feet span with a 15 degree skew. Standard ADOT 32-inch f-shape barriers will Concrete Box Girder be used resulting in a bridge configuration of 1’-5” barrier, 12’-0” outside [CIPPTCBGB] shoulder, two 12’-0” lanes, a 6’-0” inside shoulder and a 1’-5” barrier. The Bridge Example overall out-to-out width of the bridge is 44’-10”. A plan view and typical section of the bridge are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The following legend is used for the references shown in the left-hand column: [2.2.2] AASHTO LRFD Specification Article Number [2.2.2-1] AASHTOLRFD Specification Table or Equation Number [C2.2.2] AASHTO LRFD Specification Commentary [A2.2.2] AASHTO LRFD Specification Appendix [BDG] ADOT LRFD Bridge Design Guidelines Bridge Geometry Bridge length 160.00 ft Bridge width 44.83 ft Roadway width 42.00 ft Superstructure depth 7.50 ft Web spacing 9.25 ft Web thickness 12.00 in Top slab thickness 8.50 in Bottom slab thickness 6.00 in Deck overhang 3.33 ft Minimum Requirements The minimum span to depth ratio for a single span bridge should be taken as 0.045 resulting in a minimum depth of 7.20 feet. Use 7’-6” [Table 2.5.2.6.3-1] The minimum top slab thickness shall be as shown in the LRFD Bridge Design Guidelines. For a centerline spacing of 9.25 feet, the effective length is 8.25 feet resulting in a minimum thickness of 8.50 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Technology of Prestressed Concrete Bridges in Japan
    IABSE-JSCE Joint Conference on Advances in Bridge Engineering-II, August 8-10, 2010, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ISBN: 978-984-33-1893-0 Amin, Okui, Bhuiyan (eds.) www.iabse-bd.org Recent technology of prestressed concrete bridges in Japan Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi & Nguyen Duc Hai Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan Akio Kasuga Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd., Tokyo 104-0051, Japan ABSTRACT: Prestressed concrete (PC) technology is being used all over the world in the construction of a wide range of bridge structures. However, many PC bridges have been deteriorating even before the end of their design service-life due to corrosion and other environmental effects. In view of this, a number of innova- tive technologies have been developed in Japan to increase not only the structural performance of PC bridges, but also their long-term durability. These include the development of novel structural systems and the ad- vancement in construction materials. This paper presents an overview of such innovative technologies on PC bridges on their development and applications in actual construction projects. Some noteworthy structures, which represent the state-of-the-art technologies in the construction of PC bridges in Japan, are also pre- sented. 1 INTRODUCTION Prestressed concrete (PC) technology is widely being used all over the world in construction of wide range of structures, particularly bridge structures. In Japan, the application of prestressed concrete was first introduced in the 1950s, and since then, the construction of PC bridges has grown dramatically. The increased interest in the construction of PC bridges can be attributed to the fact that the initial and life-cycle cost of PC bridges, including repair and maintenance, are much lower than those of steel bridges.
    [Show full text]
  • Framework for Improving Resilience of Bridge Design
    U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Framework for Improving Resilience of Bridge Design Publication No. FHWA-IF-11-016 January 2011 Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. Framework for Improving Resilience of Bridge Design Report No. FHWA-IF-11-016 January 2011 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-IF-11-016 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Framework for Improving Resilience of Bridge Design January 2011 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Brandon W. Chavel and John M. Yadlosky 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. HDR Engineering, Inc. 11 Stanwix Street, Suite 800 11. Contract or Grant No. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Office of Bridge Technology Technical Report Federal Highway Administration September 2007 – January 2011 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, D.C. 20590 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening of a Long Span Prestressed Segmental Box Girder Bridge
    Strengthening of a Long Span Prestressed Segmental Box Girder Bridge Bruno Massicotte The Grand-Mere Bridge in the province of Ph.D., P.Eng. Quebec, Canada, is a 285 m (935 ft) long, Associate Professor cast-in-place, segmental box girder bridge that Department of Civil Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal experienced several problems which resulted Montreal , Quebec, Canada in distress characterized by an increasing de­ Formerly, Bridge Design Engineer at the Quebec Ministry of Transportation flection combined with localized cracking. These defects were due mainly to insufficient prestressing causing high tensile stresses in the deck and possible corrosion of the pre­ stressing steel. To remedy this situation, the Quebec Ministry of Transportation strength­ ened the bridge by adding external prestress­ Andre Picard ing equivalent to 30 percent of the remaining Ph.D., P.Eng. internal prestressing. The paper describes the Professor Department of Civil Engineering causes of the distress and focuses on the as­ Universite Laval sumptions adopted in the analyses to deter­ Quebec City, Quebec, Canada mine the current state of the bridge. The tech­ Yvon Gaumond, P.Eng. nique and design criteria used in strengthening Bridge Design Chief Engineer the Grand-Mere Bridge are described. Also, Bridge Department the construction aspects and the various prob­ Quebec Ministry of Transportation lems met during the external prestressing op­ Quebec City, Quebec, Canada eration are discussed. The new technology and experience gained in strengthening this structure can be applied to both pretensioned and post-tensioned concrete bridges. he Grand-Mere Bridge, a 285 m (935 ft) long, cast-in­ Claude Ouellet, P.Eng.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridge Engineering Handbook Superstructure Design Segmental
    This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 02 Oct 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: CRC Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK Bridge Engineering Handbook Superstructure Design Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan Segmental Concrete Bridges Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/b16523-4 Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan Published online on: 24 Jan 2014 How to cite :- Wai-Fah Chen, Lian Duan. 24 Jan 2014, Segmental Concrete Bridges from: Bridge Engineering Handbook, Superstructure Design CRC Press Accessed on: 02 Oct 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/b16523-4 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 3 Segmental Concrete Bridges 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................91
    [Show full text]
  • Bridge Engineering Handbook
    Sauvageot, G. “Segmental Concrete Bridges.” Bridge Engineering Handbook. Ed. Wai-Fah Chen and Lian Duan Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2000 11 Segmental Concrete Bridges 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Balanced Cantilever Girder Bridges Overview • Span Arrangement and Typical Cross Sections • Cast-in-Place Balanced Cantilever Bridges • Precast Balanced Cantilever Bridges • Loads on Substructure • Typical Post-Tensioning Layout • Articulation and Hinges 11.3 Progressive and Span-by-Span Constructed Bridges Overview • Progressive Construction • Span-by-Span Construction 11.4 Incrementally Launched Bridges Overview • Special Requirements • Typical Post-Tensioning Layout • Techniques for Reducing Launching Moments • Casting Bed and Launching Methods 11.5 Arches, Rigid Frames, and Truss Bridges Arch Bridges • Rigid Frames • Segmental Trusses 11.6 Segmental Cable-Stayed Bridges Overview • Cantilever Construction • In-Stage Construction • Push-Out Construction 11.7 Design Considerations Overview • Span Arrangement • Cross-Section Dimensions • Temperature Gradients • Deflection • Post-Tensioning Layout 11.8 Seismic Considerations Design Aspects and Design Codes • Deck/Superstructure Connection 11.9 Casting and Erection Casting • Erection 11.10 Future of Segmental Bridges The Challenge • Concepts • New Developments • Environmental Impact • Industrial Production of Gerard Sauvageot Structures • The Assembly of Structures • J. Muller International Prospective © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 11.1 Introduction Before the advent of segmental construction, concrete bridges would often be made of several precast girders placed side by side, with joints between girders being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bridge. With the modern segmental concept, the segments are slices of a structural element between joints which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the structure. When segmental construction first appeared in the early 1950s, it was either cast in place as used in Germany by Finsterwalder et al., or precast as used in France by Eugène Freyssinet and Jean Muller.
    [Show full text]
  • G 13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis.Pdf
    G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis 2nd Edition American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials National Steel Bridge Alliance AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Collaboration Copyright © 2014 by the AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Collaboration All rights reserved. ii G13.1 Guidelines for Steel Girder Bridge Analysis PREFACE This document is a standard developed by the AASHTO/NSBA Steel Bridge Collaboration. The primary goal of the Collaboration is to achieve steel bridge design and construction of the highest quality and value through standardization of the design, fabrication, and erection processes. Each standard represents the consensus of a diverse group of professionals. It is intended that Owners adopt and implement Collaboration standards in their entirety to facilitate the achievement of standardization. It is understood, however, that local statutes or preferences may prevent full adoption of the document. In such cases Owners should adopt these documents with the exceptions they feel are necessary. Cover graphics courtesy of HDR Engineering. DISCLAIMER The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty of the part of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the National Steel Bridge Alliance (NSBA) or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents.
    [Show full text]
  • Ten Years of Segmental Achievements and Projections for ~He Next Century
    Ten Years of Segmental Achievements and Projections for ~he Next Century The last 10 years have seen dramatic growth in the construction of segmental concrete bridges in North America, which is estimated to have an annual construction volume exceeding one billion dollars. The bridges have been built using both precast and cast-in-place concrete segmen..ts. Many of these projects have won national and regional awards ~ · · fhis article presents summaries of the major structural features of some of the most outstanding segmental bridges constructed in North America during the last 10 years. Clifford l. Freyermuth Details concerning the design and method of construction of each Manager project are discussed. Finally, the future prospects and potential for American Segmental Bridge Institute segmental bridge construction in the next century are addressed. Phoenix, Arizona Clifford L. Freyermuth is president rom Bangkok to Boston, the past It is estimated that since 1980, the of Clifford L. Freyermuth, Inc. , 10 years have witnessed the cost of segmental construction (pre­ which was formed in 1988 to Femergence of segmental con­ cast and cast-in-place) completed in provide structural consu lting crete bridge construction as the North America is about $5 billion. services for post-tensioned, method of choice for major transporta­ prestressed concrete buildings and Today, the annual construction vol­ bridges. The firm has provided tion projects. In the United States, this ume of this industry is around $1 bil­ management and technical serv ices result has primarily been achieved due lion and is expected to grow in the to the American Segmental Bridge to the initial cost advantages of seg­ next century.
    [Show full text]