Bridge Engineering

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PND Engineers, Inc., founded in 1979, is a full-service consulting engineering firm that provides civil, marine, geotechnical, structural, surveying, and construction inspection services for a wide range of projects.

Tanana River Bridge Work Trestle | Tok, Alaska Koloa Bridge | Tyonek, Alaska HHIGHWAYIGHWAY PEDESTRIAN RECRRECR RRAILROADAILROAD PIPELINE FLOATFLOATII TTEMPORARYEMPORARY PRE-STRESSED C SSTEELTEEL TRUSSBRIDGE CONCRETE SLA Chief Joseph Dam Bridge | Bridgeport, Washington BOX-GIRDERENGINEERING SSTEELT EEL I-GIRDEI-GIRDERR GLULAMPLANNING, TIMBER DESIGN & PERMITTING TRUSS COCOVV Bridge Engineering Capabilities Design Expertise: Highway Bridges Site Selection TTIMBERIMBER WORK ACCESS TRESTRESTT High-Capacity Bridges Geotechnical Analysis Railroad Bridges Hydrology & Hydraulics HHIGHWAYIGHWAY PEDESTRIAN RECRRECR Pipeline Bridges Structural Design & Modeling Pedestrian & Multi-Use Bridges Permitting & Environmental Floating Bridges Seismic Conditions RRAILROADAILROAD PIPELINE FLOATFLOATII Construction/Temporary Bridges Construction Inspection Existing Bridge Evaluations TTEMPORARYEMPORARY PRE-STRESSED C SSTEELTEEL TRUSS CONCRETE SLA P Headquarters: N D Anchorage Office Juneau Office Seattle Office BOX-GIRDER SSTEELT EEL I-GIRDEI-GIRDERR E NGINEERS, I NC. 1506 West 36th Avenue 9360 Glacier Highway, Suite 100 811 First Avenue, Suite 570 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Juneau, Alaska 99801 Seattle, Washington 98104 GLULAM TIMBER TRUSS COCOVV Phone: 907.561.1011 Phone: 907.586.2093 Phone: 206.624.1387 Fax: 907.563.4220 Fax: 907.586.2099 Fax: 206.624.1388 TTIMBERIMBER HIGHWAY PEDESTRPEDESTRII For additional information please visit our website. www.pndengineers.com RRECREATIONALECREATIONAL RAILROAD P FFLOATINGLOATING TEMPORARYPND PREPRE-- c Copyright 2012, PND Engineers, Inc. CONCRECONCRETET E STEELST EEL TRUSSTE NGINEERS,RUSS I NC. CO P N D HIGHWAY BRIDGES Bridge engineering requires an understanding of not only structural design and analysis but also of the environmental conditions ENGINEERS, INC. affecting the structure, geotechnical engineering, river morphology, hydraulics, traffic staging planning, constructability issues, and the environmental permitting process. From concept and feasibility planning to fabrication and construction, PND is an expert in the production of unique, site-specific, cost-effective, and durable structures. More than 30 years of bridge engineering and structural design: PND Engineers, Inc., (PND) was formed in 1979 in Anchorage, Alaska, by engineers with extensive bridge design experience in Montana, Washington, and Alaska. Today, PND has offices in Anchorage, Juneau, and Seattle and employs more than 100 employees, including more than 50 registered professional engineers with marine, structural and bridge experience. We have produced nearly 300 bridge designs of many sizes and types, including: cable stayed, arch, plate girder, box girder, orthotropic, pre-stressed and post-tension concrete, trusses, and specialty bridges, including moveable and floating bridges.

Our engineers have designed some of the world’s strongest bridges to carry oil field modules weighing several thousand tons for projects on Alaska’s North Slope. PND specializes in structural and foundations design for some of the world’s more inhospitable conditions such as extreme cold, permafrost, river and Platte River Bridge | Cheyenne, Wyoming ocean ice, up to 40-foot tides, severe earthquakes, and a wide variety of soils. PND was responsible for the design of this WYDOT bridge over the North Platte River. The bridge replaced We have received numerous awards in recognition of our structural and bridge a multi-span bridge with a new long-span bridge that design work, including awards from the American Institute of Steel Construction, removed many of the piers from the main channel flow the Steel Bridge Alliance and others, and we continue to research and develop new Gravina Island Highway Bridges | Ketchikan, Alaska and re-established river flow for the Blue Ribbon trout bridge types and foundations. PND designed two bridges for this fast-track, design-build fishing in the river. The bridge is 285 feet long by 38 feet project for the completion of over three miles of new wide; the main span is 135 feet. The piers and deck are roadway on Gravina Island in Ketchikan. In 2009 our cast-in-place concrete and the girders are fabricated design-build team was honored with the American Road & steel I-girders. Our bridge experience encompasses: Transportation Builders Association’s “Globe Award.” Highway Bridges Concrete Slab Bridges High-Capacity Bridges Pre-stressed Concrete Bridges Railroad Bridges Steel Truss Bridges Pipeline Bridges Steel Box-Girder Bridge Pedestrian & Multi-Use Bridges Steel I-Girder Bridge Floating Bridges Timber Glulam Bridge Construction/Temporary Bridges Timber Truss Bridge

Bridge design expertise: Site Selection Permitting & Environmental Geotechnical Analysis Seismic Conditions Hydrology & Hydraulics Construction Inspection Structural Design & Modeling Existing Bridge Evaluations Kalama River Bridge | Kalama, Washington Goldenview Covered Bridge | Anchorage, Alaska PND designed a 380-foot bridge over the Kalama River The only covered vehicular/pedestrian bridge in Alaska to link two industrial facilities. PND’s design work spans Little Rabbit Creek and is part of a scenic entrance to included surveys, hydrology, geotechnical, foundation the Goldenview Park Subdivision. Special attention was given and structural design, permitting support, and civil to accommodate highway vehicular and pedestrian access, as design. The bridge design selected was a structural steel well as to conceal utilities over a beautiful stream setting. I-girder superstructure with a concrete deck and driven steel piles, each with a safe bearing load of 250 tons.

“We build too many walls and not enough bridges” - Isaac Newton P N D HIGHWAY BRIDGES Bridge engineering requires an understanding of not only structural design and analysis but also of the environmental conditions ENGINEERS, INC. affecting the structure, geotechnical engineering, river morphology, hydraulics, traffic staging planning, constructability issues, and the environmental permitting process. From concept and feasibility planning to fabrication and construction, PND is an expert in the production of unique, site-specific, cost-effective, and durable structures. More than 30 years of bridge engineering and structural design: PND Engineers, Inc., (PND) was formed in 1979 in Anchorage, Alaska, by engineers with extensive bridge design experience in Montana, Washington, and Alaska. Today, PND has offices in Anchorage, Juneau, and Seattle and employs more than 100 employees, including more than 50 registered professional engineers with marine, structural and bridge experience. We have produced nearly 300 bridge designs of many sizes and types, including: cable stayed, arch, plate girder, box girder, orthotropic, pre-stressed and post-tension concrete, trusses, and specialty bridges, including moveable and floating bridges.

“We build too many walls and not enough bridges” - Isaac Newton PEDESTRIAN & MULTI-USE TRAIL BRIDGES

Moose Run Strand Bridge | Fort Richardson, Alaska Capital Annex Sky Bridge | Juneau, Alaska This project involved a pair of post-tensioned cable As part of the conversion of the Masonic Scottish Rite bridges, one 140-foot bridge, and another 250-foot Temple into offices for Alaska Legislative Affairs, PND bridge, for pedestrian and golf cart traffic. The bridges designed a 42-foot-long by 14-foot-wide steel framed, Snohomish Riverfront Trail Bridge | Snohomish, Washington are designed to support maintenance vehicles weighing covered pedestrian walkway between the Alaska Capitol PND provided design services for a pier-supported pedestrian bridge in Snohomish as part of the regional trail network. The up to 10,000 pounds. Superstructure elements comprise Building and the former Scottish Rite Temple. The 350-foot steel girder concrete-decked bridge is low maintenance and lightweight. In 2006 the Washington State Department draped post-tensioned strands to control the bridge structure was designed for high wind loads, drifting of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration awarded the project an Award of Excellence for “Best Special shape; horizontal post-tensioned strands to provide local snow, and seismic ground motion, as well as to Project.” stiffness to the bridge; and a timber deck. accommodate required clearances for traffic.

Campbell Creek Bridge | Anchorage, Alaska Tudor Road Trail Crossing | Anchorage, Alaska Capitol Access Ramp | Juneau, Alaska Montana Creek Pedestrian Bridge | Talkeetna, Alaska The Municipality of Anchorage chose a design created This elevated pedestrian overpass in Anchorage is To increase accessibility from the Alaska State Capitol PND provided value engineering with a complete redesign by PND for the Campbell Creek Bridge. The structure composed of a 160-foot steel box-girder that curves Building to an adjoining parking lot, the Department of for this 200-foot-long bridge, designed to accommodate utilizes a coupled pile moment frame, a timber deck, and through an 80-degree arc with no center support. The Legislative Affairs retained PND to design an elevated prefabrication in large truckable elements for near-site salmon motif art in the design. For the design of this uniqueness of the bridge was recognized with an access ramp to replace a deteriorating existing structure. assembly and movement to the site for final erection. Pile bridge, PND provided dynamic multimodal analysis. American Institute of Steel Construction National The new covered ramp is made of tubular aluminum foundations were provided with precast concrete back Award in the Specialty Bridge Category. construction and conforms to ADA guidelines for walls. All construction on-site was completed in eight days. accessible structures.

PND | Bridge DesignPND | BRIDGE ENGINEERING PEDESTRIAN & MULTI-USE TRAIL BRIDGES

PND | Bridge DesignPND | BRIDGE ENGINEERING RAILROAD BRIDGES HIGH CAPACITY BRIDGES

Kuparuk Channel Low Water Crossings | North Slope, Alaska PND worked with the owner in designing and constructing these innovative submersible bridges on the North Slope of Alaska. PND saved the owner approximately 50 percent ($10 million) over the cost of elevated bridges for the crossing of two river channels in a flood plain nearly two miles wide. Extreme environmental conditions, design vehicle weights approaching 4 million pounds, impact loading from river ice 5 feet thick, and discontinuous permafrost soil conditions posed interesting and unusual design and construction challenges. The strength, resilience and construction flexibility of welded steel were keys in providing the most cost-effective solution for this project.

White Pass & Yukon Route Bridges| Skagway, Alaska and Yukon Territory, Canada PND has been providing the White Pass & Yukon Route (WPYR) with bridge inspection and repair design since 1988. The WPYR rail system passes between Alaska, through British Columbia and into the Yukon Territory through steeply sloping, glacier-carved mountains, and passing through chasms bridged by the railway. Heavy snows, avalanches, rockslides, and cold temperatures are among the hazards challenging the railroad. PND provides annual inspection of the bridges, design of 76th Avenue Bridge | Anchorage, Alaska maintenance repairs and also entire bridge A continuous-span bridge was used to accommodate replacements. To date, PND has provided design for construction limitations and time constraints. This bridge replacement or retrofit of more than a dozen bridges. proved to be extremely economical, easily constructed, and was the first of its kind to be used by the owner, Alaska Railroad Corporation. The first train crossed just two weeks after on-site construction commenced.

Red Dog Road | Red Dog Mine, Alaska Meltwater Oil Field Bridge | North Slope, Alaska PND designed all roadways, turnouts and bridges, as well PND designed four heavy-duty drill rig- and as seven major and 500 minor culverts for this 54-mile-long module-capable bridges that provide access to an Trestle #7 | Kelso, Washington road. We provided geotechnical exploration, hydrology established oil field development site. The design utilized PND provided the design for reconstruction of 700 studies, field surveys, soil thaw-depth analysis, and bridge ASTM A913, grade 65 materials and provided a method feet of curved elevated railroad structure and repair design. The entire length of the road was designed to to construct four bridges within the short, 2.5-month of another 200 feet of damaged existing structure. minimize environmental impact during construction and construction season. The design utilizes innovative Cornelius Pass Bridge | Portland, Oregon The bridge crossed a paved county road through a use. In all, 10 bridges were designed to traverse major OPEN CELL SHEET PILE® abutments and piles PND designed bridges at two separate locations, one populated housing subdivision. The new bridge drainages, and these heavy-duty crossings are capable of founded in permafrost. ® featuring PND’s patented OPEN CELL SHEET PILE structure is supported by driven steel piles on accommodating 1,600-ton mining facility modules. bridge abutments, the other supported by SPIN FIN® 50-foot centers spanned by rolled steel girders and piles (shown). an open deck.

PND | BRIDGE ENGINEERING RAILROAD BRIDGES HIGH CAPACITY BRIDGES

PND | BRIDGE ENGINEERING BRIDGE INSPECTION & EVALUATION STRUCTURAL DESIGN & MODELING PND regularly performs detailed condition inspections of in-service bridges throughout the contiguous United States and Alaska. Our clients range from federal, state, and local agencies as well as private entities. PND maintains personnel who meet the qualifications of bridge inspection Program Manager and Team Leader, in accordance with the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS). Additionally, we have engineers in all of our offices who routinely attend the FHWA/National Highway Institute’s Safety Inspection of In-Service Bridges course, and are qualified for NBIS criteria. Inspection methods include visual, probing, sounding, drilling, ultrasonic through thickness measurements, and timber microsecond timers. Our engineers often load-rate the structures based on record documents, inspection observations and structural calculations.

PND uses the latest numerical modeling and analysis methods to provide cost-effective and structurally sound bridge designs. Our analysis tools range from a suite of spreadsheet models used to analyze numerous bridge components to Finite Element Method (FEM) models used for more complex structures, including nonlinear analyses, and consisting of strictly beam-column single line elements or a mixture of plate and shell elements.

Bridge Inspections | Tongass National Forest, Alaska Numerical FEM models are also used for seismic design. Seismically exposed bridges, other than simple structures, typically PND inspected 63 bridges for the USDA Forest Service in require FEM spectral analyses to ensure adequate behavior under earthquake loads. Additionally, we perform push-over the Tongass National Park in Southeast Alaska. We analyses on the bridges we design to ensure proper detailing and load distribution under contingency seismic loads. completed the inspections within 30 days and immediately mobilized four two-man inspection crews to complete the Steel Box-Girder Inspection | North Slope, Alaska inspection of all bridges. Inspections were performed using PND routinely inspects bridges on Alaska’s North Slope AASHTO bridge inspection procedures. The bridges and other locations for maintenance requirements and load included steel, concrete, glulam, and timber construction. rating. The photo shows inspection inside a box-girder.

Ice Design/Permafrost Foundations in Cold Regions | Arctic Engineering PND routinely designs bridges and other structures for Arctic conditions, including projects in Alaska, Canada, and Russia. Our capabilities include:

Developing design criteria for river and marine ice forces Performing laboratory and field testing Generating physical and numerical models for ice design Greens Creek Mine Bridge Evaluation | Juneau, Alaska Kennecott Greens Creek Mining Company (KGCMC) retained PND to perform a condition survey and evaluate its bridge PND has pioneered the use of ice-breaking piers to reduce lateral ice forces, over Greens Creek. This 100-foot single span bridge was erected in the late ‘80s and serves as the only access to the Greens and use of low-water bridges and roadways for annual spring floods on Creek Mine Portal, providing passage for 40- and 50-ton mine haul trucks. PND provided a detailed inspection and analysis, otherwise well-behaved Arctic rivers. Additionally, we have developed, tested, and designed a high-performance overlay for the original pre-cast deck supported by steel plate girders. The bridge is subject and implemented state-of-the-art methods for design and construction of pile to very heavy mine truckloads and the deck experiences significant abrasion. The overlay design and construction includes a foundations in permafrost regions. high-strength mix with silica fume. The deck preparation and overlay construction occurred within a three-day mine shutdown with round-the-clock work shifts to minimize effects to the mine operations.

PND | BRIDGE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION BRIDGES & ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION BRIDGES & ENGINEERING

PND provides construction engineering services to bridge and civil contractors, often for unusual, high-risk situations that arise during construction of marine, bridge, and civil structures. The engineering effort is most often expended to develop designs for heavy forming and shoring problems, temporary bridges, work trestles, cofferdams, earth retention systems, personnel access structures, heavy lift planning, equipment design, and peer review of work by others.

Bear Valley Construction Bridge | Bear Valley, Alaska PND designed OPEN CELL SHEET PILE® abutments and a temporary construction bridge for the Alaska Railroad Corporation (ARRC) replacement for Bridge F5.7 across Placer Creek in Bear Valley, near Whittier, Alaska. This project was completed for ARRC and West Construction Company, Inc. Tanana River Bridge - New Construction and Demolition | Tok, Alaska During construction of the new structure, PND was retained to design a high-capacity work trestle to support drilled shaft installation, pre-cast girder erection, and provide access to cast-in-place concrete work. The trestle design was made more MARINE TRANSFER BRIDGES complex due to high torsion loads resulting from use of Leffer® brand drilled shaft oscillating equipment.

To preserve the eastern abutment of the historic truss bridge, PND designed heavy shoring to support the eastern approach after severing, prior to demolition of the structure. Demolition planning included stress analysis of the bridge after selective cutting and weakening. Late winter construction required development of criteria for safe operations of heavy machinery over ungrounded ice and on the bridge deck during removal of the timber and asphalt roadway.

Auke Bay Loading Facility | Juneau, Alaska The City and Borough of Juneau retained PND to plan and design a marine loading facility to serve the regional loading needs of commercial fishing vessels, landing craft and cargo operators. PND performed all services necessary to design this facility, including an 18-foot by 200-foot transfer bridge and a 20-foot by 200-foot float. Both structures utilize steel pile supports and required uplands staging, electrical control, and security systems.

AJ Dock Transfer Bridge | Juneau, Alaska Tacoma Narrows Bridge Caissons | 520 Bridge Pontoon Mock-up | PND provided complete professional engineering Tacoma, Washington Aberdeen, Washington services for the development of Juneau’s private cruise PND was selected to provide construction engineering PND participated in the engineering and configuration ship terminal located on the Rock Dump. The marine support for the new Tacoma Narrows Bridge. A total of of the 120-foot-long pontoon test mock-up for the 520 terminal consists of two floating steel main pontoons 60 separate temporary structures were designed by PND Floating Bridge project in Seattle, Washington. The sections accessed from shore via an ADA-compliant in support of the caisson and tower construction effort. intent of the mock-up project was to optimize the single-lane, 130-foot-long transfer bridge. The bridge The foundation caisson work included high-capacity geometry of the pontoons to simplify forming and allows for vehicle access as well as separated pedestrian access gangways and man access systems; forming and casting operations, and satisfy strict crack control access on and off the dock. shoring; and systems for caisson counter flooding, criteria. PND provided a public bid drawing package for deep-water soil jetting and tremie concrete placing. all mock-up forms, shoring, concrete placement methods and pre-cast lifting/setting work.

PND | BRIDGE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION BRIDGES & ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION BRIDGES & ENGINEERING

PND | BRIDGE ENGINEERING PND Engineers, Inc., founded in 1979, is a full-service consulting engineering firm that provides civil, marine, geotechnical, structural, surveying, and construction inspection services for a wide range of projects.

For additional information please visit our website. www.pndengineers.com FFLOATINGLOATING TEMPORARYPND PREPRE-- c Copyright 2015, PND Engineers, Inc. CONCRECONCRETET E STEELST EEL TRUSSTE NGINEERS,RUSSI NC. CO