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Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Management of Natural Resourches in the Area of Elliniko in Attica Region

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Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Management of Natural Resourches in the Area of Elliniko in Attica Region International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-9, Sep.-2018 http://iraj.in ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCHES IN THE AREA OF ELLINIKO IN ATTICA REGION 1ECONOMOU AGISILAOS, 2MITOULA ROIDO 1National Technical University of Athens, 2Harokopio University of Athens Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract - The present works refers to the development of entrepreneurship combined with the sustainable protection of the environment in Elliniko area in the region of Attica in Greece. The area of Elliniko, due to the considerable climatic conditions and location, was chosen for the installation of the former airport of the capital of Greece. However, the relocation of the airport in Spata area has resulted to a declining economy in spite of the new Olympic projects that took place in the area in order to serve the 2004 Olympic Games. Thus, the survey focuses on the problems of entrepreneurship and environmental protection that area of Elliniko is facing and the possibilities to exploit of the vast area of the former airport. For the completion of the survey, a method of personal interviews with municipal officials took place whereas a research in situ to identify the problems. The plans of the land uses have used for the development of the area and the protection of the environment. In addition, policies and directives of the European Union aimed at upgrading and reconstructing urban areas have been taken into account.The survey showed that the coastal urban area of Elliniko needs substantial interventions to enhance its entrepreneurial and natural resources. Moreover, there is a great potential developing for the area by exploiting the vast open area of the former airport. Keywords - Entrepreneurship, sustainable management of natural resources, area of Elliniko. I. INTRODUCTION center of Madrid an area of 1415 acres. This has resulting into keeping the greening ratio per residents In Europe, four out of five European citizens live in at a higher level than that set by the World Health urban areas and the quality of life and the Organization. Thus, we have 23.10 square meters / environment depends on how cities are development inhabitant for New York City and 20 square meters / and how they are formed. The main environmental inhabitant for London (Atkins, 2008) and 32.00 challenges facing urban areas are the lack of open square meters / inhabitant for San Francisco areas and recreation areas, the abandoning of the built (www.chamoismoon.com). environment, traffic jams, air pollution, high noise levels, high levels of greenhouses gas emissions, In Greece, in the area of Attica, typical examples are: anarchic building and large quantities of waste and Attica Alsos - Turkovounia (600 acres), Lykavitos sewage (CEC, 2006). (500 acres) (200 acres), the Garden of the Field of Areas (200 acres), the National Garden in the area of In order to face the above problems, the European Athens, an area of 150 acres, which together with the Union has issued directives pointing out ways in garden of Zappeion (120 acres), the open area reaches which the problems of cities could be tackled. 270 acres. While there are open areas such as Goudi Through the Sixth Community Environment Action (850 acres) (Kosmaki, 1998). However, other areas Program, the EU has pursued urban development via of the Basin of Attica, which were developed by a integrated environmental management. Thus, it was partial and by-case method, are structurally led to a thematic strategy on the environment, aiming compacted and presents lack of public open and green at contributing to a better quality of life for the area (Kosmaki, 1998). This study refers to the inhabitants. Urban open areas play an important role coastal urban area of the Municipal District of in the quality of life of residents. Today, in Elliniko, which after the transfer of the former international level, many policies have been airport, has a large area of open area. As it will be implemented to maintain and expand open and green discussed below, it will be investigated the problems areas. Many areas have large recreational parks and of the area after the transfer of the airport, as well as activities that attract millions of visitors. Such as, the the efforts that have been made for its environmental Balboa Park in San Diego in California, which cover upgrading and development. an area of 4855 acres and attracts 12 million visitors a year. It is followed by the Golden Gate Park in San II. METHODOLOGY Francisco in an area of 4115 acres with 13 million visitors, the Central Park in New York on an area of This survey focuses on the problems that this area 3410 acres with 3 million visitors, the Hyde Park in faces today and on its potential for development and London on an area of 2529 acres, which receive 10 to increasing the quality of its natural resources. In order 15 million visitors a year, and BuenRetiro Park in the to carry out the survey, a method of personal Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Management of Natural Resourches in the Area of Elliniko in Attica Region 110 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-9, Sep.-2018 http://iraj.in interviews with the directors of the Municipality is 1961 2773 -40,12 used as well as, a situ survey to identify the problems, 1971 8855 219,33 the plans of land use and the current law. Taking into 1981 11495 29,81 account the need of Elliniko for upgrading and 1991 13517 17,59 development, an impact of the new projects proposed 2001 16740 23,84 for its development has been assessed. In addition to 2011 17200 2,75 this, the topographic design was also used, and the data was processed by using Geographic Information Source: HSAG (2012) Systems. Population growth has also been accompanied by III. CASE STUDY parallel building development. The buildings in Elliniko increased during the years 1945 - 1980, The area of Elliniko geographically is located to the while in the next years it is followed by a fall tend southern coastal part of the Attica Region. North it is due to the fact that the whole area had been built. It is bordered by Alimos, south by Glyfada, west by the also found that the largest proportion of buildings Saronic Gulf and east is limited from Hymettus have constructed the same time with the construction mountain range (Fig 1). of EllinikoAirport in the 1970s (Fig 2). 800 Buildings 700 600 500 Athens 400 International Airport 300 'El. Venizelos' 200 100 Number of Buildings Piraeus 0 Attica 1919 Elliniko Saronic Gulf Glyfada 1919-1945 1946-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1985 1986-1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2012 Ye ar Fig 2. Building in Elliniko from 1919 to 2011, Source:HSAG (2013). Since 1938 to 2001 in the area of Elliniko, at the Adaptation: Agisilaos Economou beginning was established an airport, then two Legend Backgrounds: Ministry of Environment & Climate Changes airports, and since 1970 three airports (Athens or Municipal boundary Scale Municipality of Elliniko - Argiroupoli Eastern Airport), the Internal or Western Airport and 0 3.070 6.140 12.280 Meters District area of Elliniko Sounio the US Air Force Base. The area of Elliniko was Fig 1. Research area developed without a general plan for the organization of the airport during the construction phase and The area of Elliniko was known as pestilence area, during its operational phase. Thus, the main due to the pestilence that existed there. In 1925 development factors of the area were simply due to refugees from Ponto settled in Elliniko. In the area, the existence of the airport. This has a result the there were the communities of Komnenos (Hasani) prices of real estate to be affected, but as well as the and Elliniko, which belonged to other communities ban on certain activities around the airport (Athens and municipalities. In 1930 the area was declared as Regulatory Plan Organization). While the place was an official community and then merged with the used as an airport the same time the city of Athens community of Kalamaki. The Municipality of Alimos was accumulated of building and very high traffic. As was established too. In 1976 it was distracted from a result of this situation the workers of the airport the Municipality of Alimos. It became a separate were seeking of a nearer home to their works. This municipality in 1982 with Presidential Decree trend has been reinforced by other factors, such as the 554/82. In 2010, with the "Kallikratis" Project, the development of trade, the provision of services, the Municipality of Elliniko was united with the present improvement of the road network and other. All of Municipality of Argyroupolis, and today it is the them resulted in creating a dense residential area Municipality of Elliniko - Argyroupolis. In the 1940s, around the airport. the growth of population in Elliniko was accompanied by a significant decline (-40.12%) over However, the relocation of the airport in Spata, all the next decade. Then, the population followed a services associated with the running of the airport gradual increasing until 2001 (Table 1). were also transferred. Thus, the area remained as a large open space, with no activities with significant Table 1: Population growth in Elliniko during the period from impact on the general economy of the area. 1940 to 2011 An effort to upgrade the area was done by Year Population % establishing fields and centers of Olympic projects to 1940 1701 conduct the 2004 Olympic Games. Today apart from 1951 4631 172,25 Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Management of Natural Resourches in the Area of Elliniko in Attica Region 111 International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-4, Issue-9, Sep.-2018 http://iraj.in the post-Olympic use of these Olympic facilities, the According to the statistical data of the Hellenic rest of the area has been abounded.
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