California-Ko Ostatuak: a History Of
3-79 Af&ti /Jo. 281? CALIFORNIA-KO OSTATUAK: A HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA'S BASQUE HOTELS DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Jeronima (Jeri) Echeverria, B.A., M.A. Denton, Texas May, 1988 Echevenia, Jeronima (Jeri), Cal^fornia-ko Ostatuak: A History of California's Basque Hotels. Doctor of Philosophy (History), May, 1988, 282 pp., 14 tables, 15 illustrations, bibliography, 512 titles. The history of California's Basque boardinghouses, or ostatuak, is the subject of this dissertation. To date, scholarly literature on ethnic boardinghouses is minimal and even less has been written on the Basque "hotels" of the American West. As a result, conclusions in this study rely upon interviews, census records, local directories, early maps, and newspapers. The first Basque boardinghouses in the United States appeared in California in the decade following the gold rush and tended to be outposts along travel routes used by Basque miners and sheepmen. As more Basques migrated to the United States, clusters of ostatuak sprang up in communities where Basque colonies had formed, particularly in Los Angeles and San Francisco during the late nineteenth century. In the years between 1890 and 1940, the ostatuak reached their zenith as Basques spread throughout the state and took their boardinghouses with them. This study outlines the earliest appearances of the Basque ostatuak, charts their expansion, and describes their present state of demise. The role of the ostatuak within Basque-American culture and a description of how they operated is another important aspect of this dissertation.
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